1
|
Portron A, Perrotte G, Ollier G, Bougard C, Bourdin C, Vercher JL. Getting back in the loop: Does autonomous driving duration affect driver's takeover performance? Heliyon 2024; 10:e24112. [PMID: 38317989 PMCID: PMC10839869 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The level 3 autonomous driving function allows the driver to perform non-driving-related tasks such as watching movies or reading while the system manages the driving task. However, when a difficult situation arises, the driver is requested to return to the loop of control. This switching from driver to passenger then back to driver may modify the driving paradigm, potentially causing an out-of-the-loop state. We tested the hypothesis of a linear (progressive) impact of various autonomous driving durations: the longer the level 3 autonomous function is used, the poorer the driver's takeover performance. Fifty-two participants were divided into 4 groups, each group being assigned a specific period of autonomous driving (5, 15, 45, or 60 min), followed by a takeover request with a time budget of 8.3 s. Takeover performance was assessed over two successive drives via reaction times and manual driving metrics (trajectories). The initial hypothesis (linearity) was not confirmed: there was a nonlinear relationship between autonomous driving duration and takeover performance, with one duration (15 min) appearing safer overall and mixed performance within groups. Repetition induced a major change in performance during the second drive, indicating rapid adaptation to the situation. The non-driving-related task appears critical in several respects (dynamics, content, driver interest) to proper use of level 3 automation. All this supports previous research prompting reservations about the prospect of car driving becoming like train travel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaëtan Perrotte
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ISM, Marseille, France
- Groupe Stellantis, Centre Technique de Vélizy, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France
| | | | - Clément Bougard
- Groupe Stellantis, Centre Technique de Vélizy, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nobari H, Azarian S, Saedmocheshi S, Valdés-Badilla P, García Calvo T. Narrative review: The role of circadian rhythm on sports performance, hormonal regulation, immune system function, and injury prevention in athletes. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19636. [PMID: 37809566 PMCID: PMC10558889 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was a narrative review of the importance of circadian rhythm (CR), describes the underlying mechanisms of CR in sports performance, emphasizes the reciprocal link between CR, endocrine homeostasis and sex differences, and the unique role of the circadian clock in immune system function and coordination. Method As a narrative review study, a comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (core collection) databases using the keywords "circadian rhythm", "sports performance", "hormonal regulation", "immune system", and "injury prevention". Inclusion criteria were studies published in English and peer-reviewed journals until July 2023. Studies that examined the role of CR in sports performance, hormonal status, immune system function, and injury prevention in athletes were selected for review. Results CR is followed by almost all physiological and biochemical activities in the human body. In humans, the superchiasmatic nucleus controls many daily biorhythms under solar time, including the sleep-wake cycle. A body of literature indicates that the peak performance of essential indicators of sports performance is primarily in the afternoon hours, and the evening of actions occurs roughly at the peak of core body temperature. Recent studies have demonstrated that the time of day that exercise is performed affects the achievement of good physical performance. This review also shows various biomarkers of cellular damage in weariness and the underlying mechanisms of diurnal fluctuations. According to the clock, CR can be synchronized with photonic and non-photonic stimuli (i.e., temperature, physical activity, and food intake), and feeding patterns and diet changes can affect CR and redox markers. It also emphasizes the reciprocal links between CR and endocrine homeostasis, the specific role of the circadian clock in coordinating immune system function, and the relationship between circadian clocks and sex differences. Conclusion The interaction between insufficient sleep and time of day on performance has been established in this study because it is crucial to balance training, recovery, and sleep duration to attain optimal sports performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Nobari
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Somayeh Azarian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Saber Saedmocheshi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Pablo Valdés-Badilla
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, 3530000, Chile
- Sports Coach Career, School of Education, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar, 2520000, Chile
| | - Tomás García Calvo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Izadi M, Thomas E, Thomas AC, Bellafiore M. The effect of time-of-day and sleep deprivation on postural control: A systematic review. Gait Posture 2022; 97:94-103. [PMID: 35917703 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.07.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postural control (PC) can be affected by circadian rhythm and sleep deprivation, whereby it has been reported the result of PC measurement in clinical and experimental situations can be influenced by both factors. It has been suggested sleepiness can result in deficiency in PC, which in turn can lead to occupational accidents and subsequent injuries. This is while no study critically reviews or summarizes findings surrounding this topic in the literature. RESEARCH QUESTION Is there any significant effect of sleep deprivation and circadian rhythm on PC variables among healthy individuals? METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase were used to detect relevant studies. Only studies that examined the effect of time of day and/or sleep loss on PC among healthy individuals were included in this systematic review. RESULTS Forty-nine studies were included based on the inclusion criteria. Both circadian rhythm and sleep loss had a significant effect on PC, whereas there are inconsistent findings for optimal postural control regarding time of day. In terms of sleep deprivation, all investigations indicated that sleep loss deteriorates PC. SIGNIFICANCE The current systematic review represents a significant effect of circadian rhythm and sleep deprivation on PC, whereby it is suggested that clinicians and researchers consider these factors when measuring PC since it may affect the result of research and clinical test. Moreover, PC may be worsened through sleeplessness; however, some studies revealed there is no linear relationship between time of wakefulness and deteriorating PC due to the influence of circadian rhythm. Hence, while PC, as an objective tool, can help to detect those who are sleep deprived, which in turn can lead to prevent possible musculoskeletal injuries, further studies are needed to reveal more understanding about the effect of sleep loss and circadian rhythm on PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Izadi
- Sport and Exercise Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Ewan Thomas
- Sport and Exercise Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Abbey C Thomas
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Marianna Bellafiore
- Sport and Exercise Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ravindrakumar A, Bommasamudram T, Tod D, Edwards BJ, Chtourou H, Pullinger SA. Daily variation in performance measures related to anaerobic power and capacity: A systematic review. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:421-455. [PMID: 34978950 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1994585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Numerous functional measures related to anaerobic performance display daily variation. The diversity of tests and protocols used to assess anaerobic performance related to diurnal effects and the lack of a standardized approach have hindered agreement in the literature. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate and systematically review the evidence relating to time-of-day differences in anaerobic performance measures. The entire content of PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, SPORTDiscus® (via EBSCOhost) and Web of Science and multiple electronic libraries were searched. Only experimental research studies conducted in male adult participants aged ≥ 18 yrs before May 2021 were included. Studies assessing tests related to anaerobic capacity or anaerobic power between a minimum of two time-points during the day (morning vs evening) were deemed eligible. The primary search revealed that a total of 55 out of 145 articles were considered eligible and subsequently included. Thirty-nine studies assessed anaerobic power and twenty-five anaerobic capacity using different modes of exercise and test protocols. Forty-eight studies found several of their performance variables to display time-of-day effects, with higher values in the evening than the morning, while seven studies did not find any time-of-day significance in any variables which were assessed. The magnitude of difference is dependent on the modality and the exercise protocol used. Performance measures for anaerobic power found jump tests displayed 2.7 to 12.3% differences, force velocity tests ~8% differences, sprint tests 2.7 to 11.3% differences and 5-m multiple shuttle run tests 3.7 to 13.1% differences in favour of the evening. Performance measures for anaerobic capacity found Wingate test to display 1.8 to 11.7% differences and repeated sprint tests to display 3.4 to 10.2% differences. The only test not to display time-of-day differences was the running based anaerobic sprint test (RAST). Time-of-day variations in anaerobic performance has previously been partially explained by higher core-body and/or muscle temperature and better muscle contractile properties in the afternoon, although recent findings suggest that differences in methodology, motivation/arousal, habitual training times and chronotypes could provide additional explanations. There is a clear demand for a rigorous, standardised approach to be adopted by future investigations which control factors that specifically relate to investigations of time-of-day.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Ravindrakumar
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Tulasiram Bommasamudram
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - David Tod
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ben J Edwards
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis, Tunisia.,Institut Supérieur Du Sport Et De l'Education Physique De Sfax, Université De Sfax, Sfax Tunisie
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Grandner MA, Hall C, Jaszewski A, Alfonso-Miller P, Gehrels JA, Killgore WDS. Mental Health in Student Athletes: Associations With Sleep Duration, Sleep Quality, Insomnia, Fatigue, and Sleep Apnea Symptoms. ATHLETIC TRAINING & SPORTS HEALTH CARE 2021; 13:e159-e167. [PMID: 35874119 PMCID: PMC9307070 DOI: 10.3928/19425864-20200521-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantify the relationship between sleep difficulties and poor mental health among student athletes using validated measures. METHODS Data were collected from 190 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student athletes. Sleep assessments included measures of sleep duration, sleep quality, insomnia, fatigue, and sleep apnea symptoms. Mental well-being was assessed as depression, anxiety, mental health days, stress, and social support from family, friends, significant other, and teammates. RESULTS Shorter sleep duration, poor sleep quality, insomnia, and fatigue were consistently and independently associated with stress, depression, anxiety, mental health days, and social support. Sleep apnea symptoms were associated with stress, depression, and social support. CONCLUSIONS Short sleep duration, poor sleep quality, and daytime fatigue in student athletes are all associated with depression, anxiety, stress, poor mental health days, and decreased social support. These associations are not accounted for solely by stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Grandner
- Sleep and Health Research Program (MAG, CH, AJ, PA-M, JG) and the SCAN Lab, Department of Psychiatry (WDSK), and the Department of Athletics (AA), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Christina Hall
- Sleep and Health Research Program (MAG, CH, AJ, PA-M, JG) and the SCAN Lab, Department of Psychiatry (WDSK), and the Department of Athletics (AA), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Anjelica Jaszewski
- Sleep and Health Research Program (MAG, CH, AJ, PA-M, JG) and the SCAN Lab, Department of Psychiatry (WDSK), and the Department of Athletics (AA), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Pamela Alfonso-Miller
- Sleep and Health Research Program (MAG, CH, AJ, PA-M, JG) and the SCAN Lab, Department of Psychiatry (WDSK), and the Department of Athletics (AA), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jo-Ann Gehrels
- Sleep and Health Research Program (MAG, CH, AJ, PA-M, JG) and the SCAN Lab, Department of Psychiatry (WDSK), and the Department of Athletics (AA), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - William D S Killgore
- Sleep and Health Research Program (MAG, CH, AJ, PA-M, JG) and the SCAN Lab, Department of Psychiatry (WDSK), and the Department of Athletics (AA), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Souissi N, Zouita A, Abedelmalek S, Trabelsi K, Clark CCT, Dziri K, Chtourou H, Souissi N. Partial sleep restriction impairs static postural control in elite judo athletes. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2020.1843254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nafaa Souissi
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amira Zouita
- Biomechanics Laboratory, National Institute of Orthopedics “M.T. Kassab”, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Salma Abedelmalek
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Physiology and Functional Exploration, Sousse, Tunisia
- Research Unit, Departement of Sport Science and Physical Activity, Colfoote of Education, University of Ha’il, Ha'il, Arabi Saudi Kingdom
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory “Education, Motricité, Sport etSanté”, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Cain C. T. Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Katherine Dziri
- Biomechanics Laboratory, National Institute of Orthopedics “M.T. Kassab”, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bougard C, VanBeers P, Sauvet F, Drogou C, Guillard M, Dorey R, Gomez-Merino D, Dauguet J, Takillah S, Espié S, Chennaoui M, Léger D. Motorcycling performance and sleepiness during an extended ride on a dynamic simulator: relationship with stress biomarkers. Physiol Meas 2020; 41:104004. [PMID: 33164915 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/abb75e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Powered two-wheelers (PTW) make up a large proportion of fatal accidents. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of time-of-day and total sleep deprivation (SD) on simulated motorcycling performance during extended riding sessions (60 min), while evaluating stress mechanisms. APPROACH A total of 16 healthy males participated in four simulated motorcycling sessions at 07:00, 11:00, 15:00 and 19:00, including city (8 min), country (2 min) and highway pathways (40 min), after a normal night of sleep and after total SD (30 h), in a randomized counterbalanced order. The recorded motorcycle parameters included: variation of lateral position, number of inappropriate line crossings (ILC), falls, riding errors, speed and speed limit violations. Subject parameters included the number of microsleeps in each pathway, the number of lapses during the 3-min psychomotor vigilance task (PVT-Brief version), and the Karolinska sleepiness scale (KSS) score. Saliva samples were used to assess cortisol (sC), α-amylase (sAA), and chromogranin-A (sCgA). ANOVAs and Pearson's correlation analysis were performed between these variables. MAIN RESULTS Most parameters were influenced by an interaction effect between 'Motorcycling pathways' × 'SD' (speed (p < 0.05), legal speed violations (p < 0.01), variation of lateral position (p < 0.001), falls (p < 0.001), EEG-microsleeps (p < 005)). An interaction effect between 'SD' × 'Time-of-day' influenced the number of ILCs (p < 0.01), sC (p < 0.05) and sCgA (p < 0.05) levels. SD affected KSS scores (p < 0.001) and PVT lapses (p < 0.05). The highest disturbances were associated with highway motorcycling simulation. SIGNIFICANCE Sleepiness due to circadian or SD and fatigue effects significantly affect riding and increase the risks involved with PTWs. The activation of both stress systems seems not sufficient to alleviate these deleterious effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Bougard
- French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Fatigue and Vigilance Unit, Brétigny sur Orge, France. Université de Paris, VIFASOM EA 7330, Vigilance Fatigue Sommeil et Santé Publique, Paris, France. GroupePSA, Centre technique de Vélizy, Vélizy-Villacoublay, Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Daaloul H, Souissi N, Davenne D. Effects of Napping on Alertness, Cognitive, and Physical Outcomes of Karate Athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:338-345. [PMID: 30239491 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been suggested that napping is the best recovery strategy for athletes. However, researches on the impacts of napping on athletic performances are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a 30-min nap after a partial sleep deprivation, or a normal night condition, on alertness, fatigue, and cognitive and physical outcomes. METHODS Thirteen national-level male karate athletes were randomized to experience nap and no-nap conditions, after either a reference or a partial sleep deprivation night. The nap lasted 30 min at 1:00 PM. The postnap testing session started at 2:00 PM by quantifying subjective alertness and fatigue. Cognitive and physical performances were respectively measured before and after the karate-specific test (KST) by simple reaction time (SRT) test, lower reaction test (LRT), mental rotation test (MRT), squat jump (SJ), and counter movement jump (CMJ) tests. RESULTS After a reference night, the nap improved alertness and cognitive outcomes (SRT, LRT, and MRT). No effects on subjective fatigue and physical performances were found. After a partial-sleep deprivation, the nap restored subjective alertness and the decrement in performances caused by sleep loss in most of the tests (MRT, LRT, and KST), but no effects were observed in subjective fatigue and CMJ. After the fatigue induced by KST, there was an ergogenic effect of the nap on the physical performances (CMJ and SJ), and a partial psychogenic effect on the cognitive performances (LRT). CONCLUSIONS A 30-min nap enhances cognitive outcomes. It is also an effective strategy to overcome the cognitive and physical deteriorations in performances caused either by sleep loss or by fatigue induced by exhaustive trainings in the afternoon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houda Daaloul
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR 1075, COMETE, Caen, FRANCE
| | | | - Damien Davenne
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR 1075, COMETE, Caen, FRANCE
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Martin S, Doggart L, Bloxham S. A physical profile of novice and experienced professional motorcycle speedway riders. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2019; 59:1791-1797. [PMID: 31111721 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.19.08775-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of data relating to Professional Motorcycle Speedway riders physical characteristics despite its growing popularity. METHODS The participants were divided into two categories depending on their Calculated Match Average (CMA); high performers (CMA>5.0, N.=16) and low performers (CMA<4.9, N.=16). Anthropometric data, isometric hand grip strength, isometric knee extension strength, dynamic stability of the upper and lower limbs and functional movement scores were measured to establish differences between high and low performing professional speedway riders. RESULTS High performing riders had significantly better functional movement screen composite scores than low performers (P=0.003) and hurdle step (P=0.002) and shoulder mobility movements (P=0.032). Significant hand grip and leg strength was observed in riders right limbs compared to their left (P=0.004 and P=0.000 respectively) and greater dynamic stability in their right leg than left (P=0.011). High performing riders had greater grip strength (right hand P=0.016 and left hand P=0.034) and knee extension strength in the right (P=0.036) legs than their low performing counterparts. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study provide a benchmark of physical characteristics of high and low performing riders, highlighting mobility, functional movement, dynamic stability and isometric strength as essential attributes of an elite rider.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Martin
- Department of Health and Wellbeing, University of St Mark and St John, Plymouth, Devon, UK -
| | - Lance Doggart
- Department of Sport, University of St Mark and St John, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Saul Bloxham
- Department of Health and Wellbeing, University of St Mark and St John, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sleepiness, attention and risk of accidents in powered two-wheelers. Sleep Med Rev 2016; 25:40-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
11
|
Thun E, Bjorvatn B, Flo E, Harris A, Pallesen S. Sleep, circadian rhythms, and athletic performance. Sleep Med Rev 2014; 23:1-9. [PMID: 25645125 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation and time of day are both known to influence performance. A growing body of research has focused on how sleep and circadian rhythms impact athletic performance. This review provides a systematic overview of this research. We searched three different databases for articles on these issues and inspected relevant reference lists. In all, 113 articles met our inclusion criteria. The most robust result is that athletic performance seems to be best in the evening around the time when the core body temperature typically is at its peak. Sleep deprivation was negatively associated with performance whereas sleep extension seems to improve performance. The effects of desynchronization of circadian rhythms depend on the local time at which performance occurs. The review includes a discussion of differences regarding types of skills involved as well as methodological issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eirunn Thun
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway.
| | - Bjørn Bjorvatn
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Flo
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Anette Harris
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Del Rio-Bermudez C, Diaz-Piedra C, Catena A, Buela-Casal G, Di Stasi LL. Chronotype-dependent circadian rhythmicity of driving safety. Chronobiol Int 2014; 31:532-41. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2013.876427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
13
|
McClelland LE, Switzer FS, Pilcher JJ. Changes in nurses' decision making during a 12-h day shift. Occup Med (Lond) 2012; 63:60-5. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqs189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
|
14
|
Bougard C, Espié S, Larnaudie B, Moussay S, Davenne D. Effects of time of day and sleep deprivation on motorcycle-driving performance. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39735. [PMID: 22761881 PMCID: PMC3386261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether motorcycle handling capabilities--measured by means of the efficiency of emergency manoeuvres--were dependent on prior sleep deprivation and time of day. Twelve male participants voluntarily took part in four test sessions, starting at 6 a.m., 10 a.m., 2 p.m., and 6 p.m., following a night either with or without sleep. Each test session comprised temperature and sleepiness measurements, before three different types of motorcycling tests were initiated: (1) stability in straight ahead riding at low speed (in "slow motion" mode and in "brakes and clutch" mode), (2) emergency braking and (3) crash avoidance tasks performed at 20 kph and 40 kph. The results indicate that motorcycle control at low speed depends on time of day, with an improvement in performance throughout the day. Emergency braking performance is affected at both speeds by time of day, with poorer performance (longer total stopping distance, reaction time and braking distance) in the morning, and also by sleep deprivation, from measurements obtained at 40 kph (incorrect initial speed). Except for a tendency observed after the sleepless night to deviate from the initial speed, it seems that crash avoidance capabilities are quite unaffected by the two disturbance factors. Consequently, some motorcycle handling capabilities (stability at low speed and emergency braking) change in the same way as the diurnal fluctuation observed in body temperature and sleepiness, whereas for others (crash avoidance) the participants were able to maintain their initial performance level despite the high levels of sleepiness recorded after a sleepless night. Motorcycle riders have to be aware that their handling capabilities are limited in the early morning and/or after sleep deprivation. Both these situations can increase the risk of falls and of being involved in a road accident.
Collapse
|