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Yogev A, Arnold J, Nelson H, Clarke DC, Guenette JA, Sporer BC, Koehle MS. Comparing the reliability of muscle oxygen saturation with common performance and physiological markers across cycling exercise intensity. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1143393. [PMID: 37601168 PMCID: PMC10436610 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1143393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Wearable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements of muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) demonstrated good test-retest reliability at rest. We hypothesized SmO2 measured with the Moxy monitor at the vastus lateralis (VL) would demonstrate good reliability across intensities. For relative reliability, SmO2 will be lower than volume of oxygen consumption (V̇O2) and heart rate (HR), higher than concentration of blood lactate accumulation ([BLa]) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). We aimed to estimate the reliability of SmO2 and common physiological measures across exercise intensities, as well as to quantify within-participant agreement between sessions. Methods Twenty-one trained cyclists completed two trials of an incremental multi-stage cycling test with 5 min constant workload steps starting at 1.0 watt per kg bodyweight (W·kg-1) and increasing by 0.5 W kg-1 per step, separated by 1 min passive recovery intervals until maximal task tolerance. SmO2, HR, V̇O2, [BLa], and RPE were recorded for each stage. Continuous measures were averaged over the final 60 s of each stage. Relative reliability at the lowest, median, and highest work stages was quantified as intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Absolute reliability and within-subject agreement were quantified as standard error of the measurement (SEM) and minimum detectable change (MDC). Results Comparisons between trials showed no significant differences within each exercise intensity for all outcome variables. ICC for SmO2 was 0.81-0.90 across exercise intensity. ICC for HR, V̇O2, [BLa], and RPE were 0.87-0.92, 0.73-0.97, 0.44-0.74, 0.29-0.70, respectively. SEM (95% CI) for SmO2 was 5 (3-7), 6 (4-9), and 7 (5-10)%, and MDC was 12%, 16%, and 18%. Discussion Our results demonstrate good-to-excellent test-retest reliability for SmO2 across intensity during an incremental multi-stage cycling test. V̇O2 and HR had excellent reliability, higher than SmO2. [BLa] and RPE had lower reliability than SmO2. Muscle oxygen saturation measured by wearable NIRS was found to have similar reliability to V̇O2 and HR, and higher than [BLa] and RPE across exercise intensity, suggesting that it is appropriate for everyday use as a non-invasive method of monitoring internal load alongside other metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Yogev
- Environmental Physiology Laboratory, The University of British Columbia, School of Kinesiology, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jem Arnold
- Environmental Physiology Laboratory, The University of British Columbia, School of Kinesiology, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hannah Nelson
- Environmental Physiology Laboratory, The University of British Columbia, School of Kinesiology, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David C. Clarke
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology and Sports Analytics Group, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Jordan A. Guenette
- Deptartment of Physical Therapy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Research, The University of British Columbia and St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ben C. Sporer
- Department of Family Practice, Vancouver Whitecaps FC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Sport & Exercise Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael S. Koehle
- Environmental Physiology Laboratory, The University of British Columbia, School of Kinesiology, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology and Sports Analytics Group, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Division of Sport & Exercise Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Five Days of Tart Cherry Supplementation Improves Exercise Performance in Normobaric Hypoxia. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020388. [PMID: 36678258 PMCID: PMC9864878 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown tart cherry (TC) to improve exercise performance in normoxia. The effect of TC on hypoxic exercise performance is unknown. This study investigated the effects of 5 days of tart cherry (TC) or placebo (PL) supplementation on hypoxic exercise performance. Thirteen healthy participants completed an incremental cycle exercise test to exhaustion (TTE) under two conditions: (i) hypoxia (13% O2) with PL and (ii) hypoxia with TC (200 mg anthocyanin per day for 4 days and 100 mg on day 5). Pulmonary gas exchange variables, peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb), and tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy in the vastus lateralis muscle were measured at rest and during exercise. Urinary 8-hydro-2′ deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) excretion was evaluated pre-exercise and 1 and 5 h post-exercise. The TTE after TC (940 ± 84 s, mean ± standard deviation) was longer than after PL (912 ± 63 s, p < 0.05). During submaximal hypoxic exercise, HHb was lower and StO2 and SpO2 were higher after TC than PL. Moreover, a significant interaction (supplements × time) in urinary 8-OHdG excretion was found (p < 0.05), whereby 1 h post-exercise increases in urinary 8-OHdG excretion tended to be attenuated after TC. These findings indicate that short-term dietary TC supplementation improved hypoxic exercise tolerance, perhaps due to lower HHb and higher StO2 in the working muscles during submaximal exercise.
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3
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Grassi B, Quaresima V. Mathematical modeling versus experimental data: how to interpret conflicting evidence? J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:220-221. [PMID: 35030042 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00796.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Grassi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Valentina Quaresima
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Science, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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4
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Koirala B, Concas A, Sun Y, Gladden LB, Lai N. Reply to Grassi and Quaresima. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:222-223. [PMID: 35030045 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00841.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bhabuk Koirala
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia.,Biomedical Engineering Institute, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Alessandro Concas
- Center for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Nicola Lai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia.,Biomedical Engineering Institute, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia.,Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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5
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Tseng SH, Liang BJ, Wang W, Tsai BX, Hu PS. Monitoring adaptation of skin tissue oxygenation during cycling ergometer exercise by frequency-domain diffuse optical spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:5023-5035. [PMID: 34513240 PMCID: PMC8407841 DOI: 10.1364/boe.428207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In addition to supplying oxygen molecule O2 for metabolic functions during the adaptation to exercise, blood also plays a critical role in heat dissipation for core temperature stabilization. This study investigates the status of hemodynamic oxygenation in the forearm's skin tissue of three participants during a complete ergometer exercise from the resting to exercising, and to recovering conditions using a three-wavelength frequency-domain diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (FD DRS) alongside the monitoring of heartbeat rate and skin temperature. The FD DRS system was synchronized with radiofrequency (RF)-modulated input photon sources and the respective output to extract time-course absorption and scattering coefficients of the skin tissue, which, through the fitting of lambert's law of absorbance, can be used to determine the concentration of oxygenated/deoxygenated hemoglobin molecules, and consequentially, the oxygen saturation of skin tissue and total hemoglobin (THb) concentration. Expressly, a sudden jump in heartbeat rate at the beginning of the exercise, a temporal lag of the rising edge of skin temperature behind that of the THb concentration in the procession of step-wise incremental working intensity, and the uprising of THb in the exhaustion zone in responses to the physiological adaptation to exercise were identified. Finally, conclusive remarks were drawn that the FD DRS system is useful in extracting the hemodynamic properties of forearm skin which is often being neglected in previous exercise physiology studies by DRS-related techniques. The detailed variation of hemodynamic and optical scattering parameters of forearm skin elucidated in the studies can be applied for the analysis of athletes' physiological status, and may be a potential reference for the design of future wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hao Tseng
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Jian Liang
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Xiang Tsai
- College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan, 71150, Taiwan
| | - Po-Sheng Hu
- College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan, 71150, Taiwan
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6
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Bartlett MF, Akins JD, Oneglia A, Brothers RM, Wilkes D, Nelson MD. Impact of Cutaneous Blood Flow on NIR-DCS Measures of Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow Index. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:914-926. [PMID: 34264131 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00337.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy (NIR-DCS) is an optical technique for estimating relative changes in skeletal muscle perfusion during exercise, but may be affected by changes in cutaneous blood flow, as photons emitted by the laser must first pass through the skin. Accordingly, the purpose of this investigation was to examine how increased cutaneous blood flow affects NIR-DCS blood flow index (BFI) at rest and during exercise using a passive whole-body heating protocol that increases cutaneous, but not skeletal muscle, perfusion in the uncovered limb. BFI and cutaneous perfusion (laser Doppler flowmetry) were assessed in 15 healthy young subjects before (e.g., rest) and during 5-minutes of moderate-intensity hand-grip exercise in normothermic conditions and after cutaneous blood flow was elevated via whole-body heating. Hyperthermia significantly increased both cutaneous perfusion (~7.3-fold; p≤0.001) and NIR-DCS BFI (~4.5-fold; p≤0.001). Although relative BFI (i.e., fold-change above baseline) exhibited a typical exponential increase in muscle perfusion during normothermic exercise (2.81±0.95), there was almost no change in BFI during hyperthermic exercise (1.43±0.44). A subset of 8 subjects were subsequently treated with intradermal injection of botulinum toxin-A (Botox) to block heating-induced elevations in cutaneous blood flow, which 1) nearly abolished the hyperthermia-induced increase in BFI, and 2) restored BFI kinetics during hyperthermic exercise to values that were not different from normothermic exercise (p=0.091). Collectively, our results demonstrate that cutaneous blood flow can have a substantial, detrimental impact on NIR-DCS estimates of skeletal muscle perfusion and highlight the need for technical and/or pharmacological advancements to overcome this issue moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles F Bartlett
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - John D Akins
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Andrew Oneglia
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - R Matthew Brothers
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Dustin Wilkes
- Medical City Weatherford Dermatology Residency Program, Weatherford, TX, United States
| | - Michael D Nelson
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
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7
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Bartlett MF, Jordan SM, Hueber DM, Nelson MD. Impact of changes in tissue optical properties on near-infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy measures of skeletal muscle blood flow. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:1183-1195. [PMID: 33571054 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00857.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is increasingly used to study relative changes in skeletal muscle blood flow. However, most diffuse correlation spectrometers assume that tissue optical properties-such as absorption (μa) and reduced scattering (μ's) coefficients-remain constant during physiological provocations, which is untrue for skeletal muscle. Here, we interrogate how changes in tissue μa and μ's affect DCS calculations of blood flow index (BFI). We recalculated BFI using raw autocorrelation curves and μa/μ's values recorded during a reactive hyperemia protocol in 16 healthy young individuals. First, we show that incorrectly assuming baseline μa and μ's substantially affects peak BFI and BFI slope when expressed in absolute terms (cm2/s, P < 0.01), but these differences are abolished when expressed in relative terms (% baseline). Next, to evaluate the impact of physiologic changes in μa and μ's, we compared peak BFI and BFI slope when μa and μ's were held constant throughout the reactive hyperemia protocol versus integrated from a 3-s rolling average. Regardless of approach, group means for peak BFI and BFI slope did not differ. Group means for peak BFI and BFI slope were also similar following ad absurdum analyses, where we simulated supraphysiologic changes in μa/μ's. In both cases, however, we identified individual cases where peak BFI and BFI slope were indeed affected, with this result being driven by relative changes in μa over μ's. Overall, these results provide support for past reports in which μa/μ's were held constant but also advocate for real-time incorporation of μa and μ's moving forward.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We investigated how changes in tissue optical properties affect near-infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy (NIR-DCS)-derived indices of skeletal muscle blood flow (BFI) during physiological provocation. Although accounting for changes in tissue optical properties has little impact on BFI on a group level, individual BFI calculations are indeed impacted by changes in tissue optical properties. NIR-DCS calculations of BFI should therefore account for real-time, physiologically induced changes in tissue optical properties whenever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles F Bartlett
- Applied Physiology and Advanced Imaging Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Scott M Jordan
- College of Information and Computer Sciences, The University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | | | - Michael D Nelson
- Applied Physiology and Advanced Imaging Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
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8
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Scano A, Pirovano I, Manunza ME, Spinelli L, Contini D, Torricelli A, Re R. Sustained fatigue assessment during isometric exercises with time-domain near infrared spectroscopy and surface electromyography signals. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:7357-7375. [PMID: 33409002 PMCID: PMC7747893 DOI: 10.1364/boe.403976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of sustained fatigue during an upper limb isometric exercise is presented to investigate a group of healthy subjects with simultaneous time-domain (TD) NIRS and surface electromyography (sEMG) recordings on the deltoid lateralis muscle. The aim of the work was to understand which TD-NIRS parameters can be used as descriptors for sustained muscular fatigue, focusing on the slow phase of this process and using median frequency (MF) computed from sEMG as gold standard measure. It was found that oxygen saturation and deoxy-hemoglobin are slightly better descriptors of sustained fatigue, than oxy-hemoglobin, since they showed a higher correlation with MF, while total-hemoglobin correlation with MF was lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Scano
- Istituto di Sistemi e Tecnologie Industriali Intelligenti per il Manifatturiero Avanzato (STIIMA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Previati 1/E Lecco, Italy e Via Alfonso Corti 12, Milan, Italy
| | - I. Pirovano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, Italy
| | - M. E. Manunza
- Istituto di Sistemi e Tecnologie Industriali Intelligenti per il Manifatturiero Avanzato (STIIMA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Previati 1/E Lecco, Italy e Via Alfonso Corti 12, Milan, Italy
| | - L. Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, Italy
| | - D. Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, Italy
| | - A. Torricelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, Italy
| | - R. Re
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, Italy
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9
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Bartlett MF, Oneglia A, Jaffery M, Manitowabi-Huebner S, Hueber DM, Nelson MD. Kinetic differences between macro- and microvascular measures of reactive hyperemia. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:1183-1192. [PMID: 32940560 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00481.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Postischemia reperfusion kinetics are markedly dissociated when comparing the macro- versus microvasculature. We used Doppler ultrasound and near-infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy (NIR-DCS), an emerging technique for continuously and noninvasively quantifying relative changes in skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion (i.e., blood flow index or BFI), to measure macro- and microvascular reactive hyperemia (RH) in the nondominant arm of 16 healthy young adults. First, we manipulated the duration of limb ischemia (3 vs. 6 min) with the limb at heart level (neutral, -N). Then, we reduced/increased forearm perfusion pressure (PP) by positioning the arm above (3 min-A, 60°) or below (3 min-B, 30°) the heart. The major novel findings were twofold: first, changes in the ischemic stimulus similarly affected peak macrovascular (i.e., conduit, mL/min) and microvascular (i.e., peak NIR-DCS-derived BFI) reperfusion during reactive hyperemia (6 min-N > 3 min-N, P < 0.05, both) but did not affect the rate at which microvascular reperfusion occurs (i.e., BFI slope). Second, changing forearm PP predictably affected both peak macro- and microvascular reperfusion during RH (3 min-B > N > A, P < 0.05, all), as well as the rate at which microvascular reperfusion occurred (BFI slope; 3 min-B >N > A, P < 0.05). Together, the data suggest that kinetic differences between macro- and microvascular reperfusion are largely determined by differences in fluid mechanical energy (i.e., pressure, gravitational, and kinetic energies) between the two compartments that work in tandem to restore pressure across the arterial tree following a period of tissue ischemia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We extend our understanding of macro- versus microvascular hemodynamics in humans, by using near-infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy (micro-) and Doppler ultrasound (macro-) to characterize reperfusion hemodynamics following experimental manipulation of the ischemic stimulus and tissue perfusion pressure. Our results suggest kinetic differences between macro- and microvascular reperfusion are largely determined by differences in fluid mechanical energy (i.e., pressure, gravitational, and kinetic energies) between the two compartments, rather than inherent differences between the macro- and microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles F Bartlett
- Applied Physiology and Advanced Imaging Laboratory, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Andrew Oneglia
- Applied Physiology and Advanced Imaging Laboratory, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Manall Jaffery
- Applied Physiology and Advanced Imaging Laboratory, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Shayla Manitowabi-Huebner
- Applied Physiology and Advanced Imaging Laboratory, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | | | - Michael D Nelson
- Applied Physiology and Advanced Imaging Laboratory, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
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10
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Goulding RP, Marwood S, Okushima D, Poole DC, Barstow TJ, Lei TH, Kondo N, Koga S. Effect of priming exercise and body position on pulmonary oxygen uptake and muscle deoxygenation kinetics during cycle exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:810-822. [PMID: 32758041 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00478.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that the performance of prior heavy exercise would speed pulmonary oxygen uptake (V̇o2) kinetics (i.e., as described by the time constant, [Formula: see text]) and reduce the amplitude of muscle deoxygenation (deoxy[heme]) kinetics in the supine (S) but not upright (U) body position. Seventeen healthy men completed heavy-intensity constant-work rate exercise tests in S and U consisting of two bouts of 6-min cycling separated by 6-min cycling at 20 W. Pulmonary V̇o2 was measured breath by breath; total and deoxy[heme] were determined via time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) at three muscle sites. Priming exercise reduced [Formula: see text] in S (bout 1: 36 ± 10 vs. bout 2: 28 ± 10 s, P < 0.05) but not U (bout 1: 27 ± 8 s vs. bout 2: 25 ± 7 s, P > 0.05). Deoxy[heme] amplitude was increased after priming in S (bout 1: 25-28 μM vs. bout 2: 30-35 μM, P < 0.05) and U (bout 1: 13-18 μM vs. bout 2: 17-25 μM, P > 0.05), whereas baseline total[heme] was enhanced in S (bout 1: 110-179 μM vs. bout 2: 121-193 μM, P < 0.05) and U (bout 1: 123-186 μM vs. bout 2: 137-197 μM, P < 0.05). Priming exercise increased total[heme] in both S and U, likely indicating enhanced diffusive O2 delivery. However, the observation that after priming the amplitude of the deoxy[heme] response was increased in S suggests that the reduction in [Formula: see text] subsequent to priming was related to a combination of both enhanced intracellular O2 utilization and increased O2 delivery.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here we show that oxygen uptake (V̇o2) kinetics are slower in the supine compared with upright body position, an effect that is associated with an increased amplitude of skeletal muscle deoxygenation in the supine position. After priming in the supine position, the amplitude of muscle deoxygenation remained markedly elevated above that observed during upright exercise. Hence, the priming effect cannot be solely attributed to enhanced O2 delivery, and enhancements to intracellular O2 utilization must also be contributory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richie P Goulding
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Kobe Design University, Kobe, Japan.,Japan Society for Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Simon Marwood
- School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Dai Okushima
- Osaka International University, Moriguchi, Japan
| | - David C Poole
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology and Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Thomas J Barstow
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology and Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Tze-Huan Lei
- Japan Society for Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Applied Physiology Laboratory, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Narihiko Kondo
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shunsaku Koga
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Kobe Design University, Kobe, Japan
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11
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Batterson PM, Norton MR, Hetz SE, Rohilla S, Lindsay KG, Subudhi AW, Jacobs RA. Improving biologic predictors of cycling endurance performance with near-infrared spectroscopy derived measures of skeletal muscle respiration: E pluribus unum. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14342. [PMID: 31960629 PMCID: PMC6971325 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aim was to compare the predictive validity of the often referenced traditional model of human endurance performance (i.e. oxygen consumption, VO2 , or power at maximal effort, fatigue threshold values, and indices of exercise efficiency) versus measures of skeletal muscle oxidative potential in relation to endurance cycling performance. We hypothesized that skeletal muscle oxidative potential would more completely explain endurance performance than the traditional model, which has never been collectively verified with cycling. Accordingly, we obtained nine measures of VO2 or power at maximal efforts, 20 measures reflective of various fatigue threshold values, 14 indices of cycling efficiency, and near-infrared spectroscopy-derived measures reflecting in vivo skeletal muscle oxidative potential. Forward regression modeling identified variable combinations that best explained 25-km time trial time-to-completion (TTC) across a group of trained male participants (n = 24). The time constant for skeletal muscle oxygen consumption recovery, a validated measure of maximal skeletal muscle respiration, explained 92.7% of TTC variance by itself (Adj R2 = .927, F = 294.2, SEE = 71.2, p < .001). Alternatively, the best complete traditional model of performance, including VO2max (L·min-1 ), %VO2max determined by the ventilatory equivalents method, and cycling economy at 50 W, only explained 76.2% of TTC variance (Adj R2 = .762, F = 25.6, SEE = 128.7, p < .001). These results confirm our hypothesis by demonstrating that maximal rates of skeletal muscle respiration more completely explain cycling endurance performance than even the best combination of traditional variables long postulated to predict human endurance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M. Batterson
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Colorado Colorado SpringsColorado SpringsCOUSA
| | - Michael R. Norton
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Colorado Colorado SpringsColorado SpringsCOUSA
| | - Sarah E. Hetz
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Colorado Colorado SpringsColorado SpringsCOUSA
| | - Sachi Rohilla
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Colorado Colorado SpringsColorado SpringsCOUSA
| | - Keston G. Lindsay
- Department of Human Physiology and NutritionUniversity of Colorado Colorado SpringsColorado SpringsCOUSA
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of Colorado Colorado SpringsColorado SpringsCOUSA
| | - Andrew W. Subudhi
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Colorado Colorado SpringsColorado SpringsCOUSA
- Department of Human Physiology and NutritionUniversity of Colorado Colorado SpringsColorado SpringsCOUSA
| | - Robert A. Jacobs
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Colorado Colorado SpringsColorado SpringsCOUSA
- Department of Human Physiology and NutritionUniversity of Colorado Colorado SpringsColorado SpringsCOUSA
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12
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Measurement of the Absolute Value of Cerebral Blood Volume and Optical Properties in Term Neonates Immediately after Birth Using Near-Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy: A Preliminary Observation Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9102172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to use near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (TRS) to determine the absolute values of cerebral blood volume (CBV) and cerebral hemoglobin oxygen saturation (ScO2) during the immediate transition period in term neonates and the changes in optical properties such as the differential pathlength factor (DPF) and reduced scattering coefficient (μs’). CBV and ScO2 were measured using TRS during the first 15 min after birth by vaginal delivery in term neonates who did not need resuscitation. Within 2–3 min after birth, CBV showed various changes such as increases or decreases, followed by a gradual decrease until 15 min and then stability (mean (SD) mL/100 g brain: 2 min, 3.09 (0.74); 3 min, 3.01 (0.77); 5 min, 2.69 (0.77); 10 min, 2.40 (0.61), 15 min, 2.08 (0.47)). ScO2 showed a gradual increase, then kept increasing or became a stable reading. The DPF and μs’ values (mean (SD) at 762, 800, and 836 nm) were stable during the first 15 min after birth (DPF: 4.47 (0.38), 4.41 (0.32), and 4.06 (0.28)/cm; μs’: 6.54 (0.67), 5.82 (0.84), and 5.43 (0.95)/cm). Accordingly, we proved that TRS can stably measure cerebral hemodynamics, despite the dramatic physiological changes occurring at this time in the labor room.
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Comparison of Lipid and Water Contents by Time-domain Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy and Dual-energy Computed Tomography in Breast Cancer Patients. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9071482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We previously compared time-domain diffuse optical spectroscopy (TD-DOS) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using various water/lipid phantoms. However, it is difficult to conduct similar comparisons in the breast, because of measurement differences due to modality-dependent differences in posture. Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) examination is performed in the same supine position as a TD-DOS measurement. Therefore, we first verified the accuracy of the measured fat fraction of fibroglandular tissue in the normal breast on DECT by comparing it with MRI in breast cancer patients (n = 28). Then, we compared lipid and water signals obtained in TD-DOS and DECT from normal and tumor-tissue regions (n = 16). The TD-DOS breast measurements were carried out using reflectance geometry with a source–detector separation of 3 cm. A semicircular region of interest (ROI), with a transverse diameter of 3 cm and a depth of 2 cm that included the breast surface, was set on the DECT image. Although the measurement area differed between the modalities, the correlation coefficients of lipid and water signals between TD-DOS and DECT were rs = 0.58 (p < 0.01) and rs = 0.90 (p < 0.01), respectively. These results indicate that TD-DOS captures the characteristics of the lipid and water contents of the breast.
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Barstow TJ. Understanding near infrared spectroscopy and its application to skeletal muscle research. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:1360-1376. [PMID: 30844336 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00166.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a powerful noninvasive tool with which to study the matching of oxygen delivery to oxygen utilization and the number of new publications utilizing this technique has increased exponentially in the last 20 yr. By measuring the state of oxygenation of the primary heme compounds in skeletal muscle (hemoglobin and myoglobin), greater understanding of the underlying control mechanisms that couple perfusive and diffusive oxygen delivery to oxidative metabolism can be gained from the laboratory to the athletic field to the intensive care unit or emergency room. However, the field of NIRS has been complicated by the diversity of instrumentation, the inherent limitations of some of these technologies, the associated diversity of terminology, and a general lack of standardization of protocols. This Cores of Reproducibility in Physiology (CORP) will describe in basic but important detail the most common methodologies of NIRS, their strengths and limitations, and discuss some of the potential confounding factors that can affect the quality and reproducibility of NIRS data. Recommendations are provided to reduce the variability and errors in data collection, analysis, and interpretation. The goal of this CORP is to provide readers with a greater understanding of the methodology, limitations, and best practices so as to improve the reproducibility of NIRS research in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Barstow
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas
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Weng WC, Chen JC, Lee CY, Lin CW, Lee WT, Shieh JY, Wang CC, Chuang CC. Cross-section and feasibility study on the non-invasive evaluation of muscle hemodynamic responses in Duchenne muscular dystrophy by using a near-infrared diffuse optical technique. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:4767-4780. [PMID: 30319901 PMCID: PMC6179388 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.004767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked debilitating muscular disease that may decrease nitric oxide (NO) production and lead to functional muscular ischemia. Currently, the 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) and the North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) are the primary outcome measures in clinical trials, but they are severely limited by the subjective consciousness and mood of patients, and can only be used in older and ambulatory boys. This study proposed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to evaluate the dynamic changes in muscle hemodynamic responses (gastrocnemius and forearm muscle) during a 6-MWT and a venous occlusion test (VOT), respectively. Muscle oxygenation of the forearm was evaluated non-invasively before, during and after VOT in all participants (included 30 DMD patients and 30 age-matched healthy controls), while dynamic muscle oxygenation of gastrocnemius muscle during 6-MWT was determined in ambulatory participants (n = 18) and healthy controls (n = 30). The results reveal that impaired muscle oxygenation was observed during 6-MWT in DMD patients that may explain why the DMD patients walked shorter distances than healthy controls. Moreover, the results of VOT implied that worsening muscle function was associated with a lower supply of muscle oxygenation and may provide useful information on the relationship between muscular oxygen consumption and supply for the clinical diagnosis of DMD. Therefore, the method of fNIRS with VOT possesses great potential in future evaluations of DMD patients that implies a good feasibility for clinical application such as for monitoring disease severity of DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chin Weng
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10041, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Taiwan University Children’s Hospital, Taipei 10041, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chih Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu 30059, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Tso Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10041, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, National Taiwan University Children’s Hospital, Taipei 10041, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Yi Shieh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Cheng Chuang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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Acosta FM, Berchem J, Martinez-Tellez B, Sanchez-Delgado G, Alcantara JMA, Ortiz-Alvarez L, Hamaoka T, Ruiz JR. Near-Infrared Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy as an Indirect Technique to Assess Brown Adipose Tissue in Young Women. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 21:328-338. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Okushima D, Poole DC, Barstow TJ, Rossiter HB, Kondo N, Bowen TS, Amano T, Koga S. Greater V˙O2peak is correlated with greater skeletal muscle deoxygenation amplitude and hemoglobin concentration within individual muscles during ramp-incremental cycle exercise. Physiol Rep 2018; 4:4/23/e13065. [PMID: 27986837 PMCID: PMC5260088 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is axiomatic that greater aerobic fitness (V˙O2peak) derives from enhanced perfusive and diffusive O2 conductances across active muscles. However, it remains unknown how these conductances might be reflected by regional differences in fractional O2 extraction (i.e., deoxy [Hb+Mb] and tissue O2 saturation [StO2]) and diffusive O2 potential (i.e., total[Hb+Mb]) among muscles spatially heterogeneous in blood flow, fiber type, and recruitment (vastus lateralis, VL; rectus femoris, RF). Using quantitative time‐resolved near‐infrared spectroscopy during ramp cycling in 24 young participants (V˙O2peak range: ~37.4–66.4 mL kg−1 min−1), we tested the hypotheses that (1) deoxy[Hb+Mb] and total[Hb+Mb] at V˙O2peak would be positively correlated with V˙O2peak in both VL and RF muscles; (2) the pattern of deoxygenation (the deoxy[Hb+Mb] slopes) during submaximal exercise would not differ among subjects differing in V˙O2peak. Peak deoxy [Hb+Mb] and StO2 correlated with V˙O2peak for both VL (r = 0.44 and −0.51) and RF (r = 0.49 and −0.49), whereas for total[Hb+Mb] this was true only for RF (r = 0.45). Baseline deoxy[Hb+Mb] and StO2 correlated with V˙O2peak only for RF (r = −0.50 and 0.54). In addition, the deoxy[Hb+Mb] slopes were not affected by aerobic fitness. In conclusion, while the pattern of deoxygenation (the deoxy[Hb+Mb] slopes) did not differ between fitness groups the capacity to deoxygenate [Hb+Mb] (index of maximal fractional O2 extraction) correlated significantly with V˙O2peak in both RF and VL muscles. However, only in the RF did total[Hb+Mb] (index of diffusive O2 potential) relate to fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Okushima
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Kobe Design University, Kobe, Japan
| | - David C Poole
- Departments of Kinesiology and Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Thomas J Barstow
- Departments of Kinesiology and Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Harry B Rossiter
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Division of Respiratory & Critical Care Physiology & Medicine Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Narihiko Kondo
- Laboratory for Applied Human Physiology, Graduate School of Human Development and Environment Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - T Scott Bowen
- Department of Internal Medicine & Cardiology, Heart Center, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tatsuro Amano
- Faculty of Education Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shunsaku Koga
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Kobe Design University, Kobe, Japan
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Lin TC, Chen JC, Liu CH, Lee CY, Tsou YA, Chuang CC. A feasibility study on non-invasive oxidative metabolism detection and acoustic assessment of human vocal cords by using optical technique. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17002. [PMID: 29208920 PMCID: PMC5716992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Voice disorder such as vocal fatigue is a common and complex multifaceted clinical problem that presents a significant impact on quality of life. In this study, the functional near-infrared diffuse optical technique (fNIRS-DOT) was proposed as a novel approach for human vocal cords oxidative metabolism detection and acoustic assessment simultaneously to provide a multidimensional assessment of voice disorder. A totally of 60 healthy subjects included 30 male and 30 female adults of age-matched were recruited and performed a vocal loading task to trigger a mild inflammation of the vocal cords in this study. In the results of oxidative metabolism, the vocal cords expressed hypoxia after vocal loading task in both male and female groups that could provide relevant information on the relationship between tissue oxygen consumption and supply for vocal cords diagnosis. Additionally, the results of optical acoustic assessment revealed the worse/changes voice quality after vocal loading task. Therefore, integration of non-invasive oxidative metabolism detection and acoustic assessment by using optical technique could provide more relevant information for diagnosis of voice disorders. The multi-functional vocal cords detection system could provide a good feasibility for clinical applications such as diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of voice disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chieh Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chih Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hsinchu Cathay General Hospital, Hsinchu, 30060, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, 36063, Taiwan
| | - Yung-An Tsou
- Department of Otolaryngology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Cheng Chuang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.
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Sun YI, Ferguson BS, Rogatzki MJ, McDonald JR, Gladden LB. Muscle Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Signals versus Venous Blood Hemoglobin Oxygen Saturation in Skeletal Muscle. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 48:2013-20. [PMID: 27635772 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to examine the relationship between near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) signals and venous hemoglobin oxygen saturation (O2Hb%) and venous oxygen concentration (CvO2). METHODS Gastrocnemius muscles (GS) in six dogs were surgically isolated and pump perfused. NIRS signals were recorded, and venous blood samples were collected at constant flow rates (control flow, high flow, and low flow) at rest as well as during electrically stimulated tetanic muscle contractions at rates of one contraction per 2 s (1/2 s) and two contractions per 3 s (2/3 s). Similar data were also collected at three different inspired O2 percentages (12%, 21%, and 100%) with constant blood flow. RESULTS Complete data from five animals were analyzed; all data from one animal were deleted because of erratic oxy-NIRS signals. Venous O2Hb% ranged from 7.6% to 97.5% across the various experimental conditions. After the NIRS signals were normalized to the physiological range, a high linear correlation was seen between the deoxygenated heme signal (HHbMb%) and the venous O2Hb% (R = 0.92 ± 0.05), between the oxygenated heme signal (HbMbO2%) and the venous O2Hb% (R = 0.92 ± 0.03), between the HHbMb% and the CvO2 (R = 0.89 ± 0.06), and between the HbMbO2% and the CvO2 (R = 0.90 ± 0.05). The overall relationships between HHbMb%, HbMbO2%, and venous O2Hb% as well as between HHbMb%, HbMbO2%, and CvO2 were also linear and highly correlated with R values ranging from 0.81 to 0.90. CONCLUSION In this controlled canine muscle model, NIRS signals are highly correlated with venous O2Hb% and CvO2 across a wide range of physiological conditions. The practical application of our results is that for an individual muscle or perhaps muscle group, normalized NIRS HHbMb and HbMbO2 signals accurately reflect the mean venous O2 saturation of the interrogated muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y I Sun
- 1School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL; 2Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, CHINA; 3College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; 4Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Wisconsin-Platteville, Platteville, WI
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Niemeijer VM, Jansen JP, van Dijk T, Spee RF, Meijer EJ, Kemps HMC, Wijn PFF. The influence of adipose tissue on spatially resolved near-infrared spectroscopy derived skeletal muscle oxygenation: the extent of the problem. Physiol Meas 2017; 38:539-554. [PMID: 28151429 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/aa5dd5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements of tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) are useful for the assessment of skeletal muscle perfusion and function during exercise, however, they are influenced by overlying skin and adipose tissue. This study explored the extent and nature of the influence of adipose tissue thickness (ATT) on StO2. APPROACH NIR spatially resolved spectroscopy (SRS) derived oxygenation was measured on vastus lateralis in 56 patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and 20 healthy control (HC) subjects during rest and moderate intensity exercise with simultaneous assessment of oxygen uptake kinetics (τ [Formula: see text]). In vitro measurements were performed on a flow cell with a blood mixture with full oxygen saturation (100%), which was gradually decreased to 0% by adding sodium metabisulfite. Experiments were repeated with 2 mm increments of porcine fat layer between the NIRS device and flow cell up to 14 mm. MAIN RESULTS Lower ATT, higher τ [Formula: see text], and CHF were independently associated with lower in vivo StO2 in multiple regression analysis, whereas age and gender showed no independent relationship. With greater ATT, in vitro StO2 was reduced from 100% to 74% for fully oxygenated blood and increased from 0% to 68% for deoxygenated blood. SIGNIFICANCE This study shows that ATT independently confounds NIR-SRS derived StO2 by overestimating actual skeletal muscle oxygenation and by decreasing its sensitivity for deoxygenation. Because physiological properties (e.g. presence of disease and slowing of τ [Formula: see text]) also influence NIR-SRS, a correction based on optical properties is needed to interpret calculated values as absolute StO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Niemeijer
- Department of Cardiology, Máxima Medical Centre, PO Box 7777, 5500 MB Veldhoven, Netherlands. Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
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Choo HC, Nosaka K, Peiffer JJ, Ihsan M, Yeo CC, Abbiss CR. Reliability of laser Doppler, near-infrared spectroscopy and Doppler ultrasound for peripheral blood flow measurements during and after exercise in the heat. J Sports Sci 2016; 35:1715-1723. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1235790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui C. Choo
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Jeremiah J. Peiffer
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Mohammed Ihsan
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- Sports Physiology Department, Singapore Sports Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chow C. Yeo
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Chris R. Abbiss
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
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McLay KM, Gilbertson JE, Pogliaghi S, Paterson DH, Murias JM. Vascular responsiveness measured by tissue oxygen saturation reperfusion slope is sensitive to different occlusion durations and training status. Exp Physiol 2016; 101:1309-1318. [PMID: 27430198 DOI: 10.1113/ep085843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
What is the central question of this study? Is the near-infrared spectroscopy-derived measure of tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) reperfusion slope sensitive to a range of ischaemic conditions, and do differences exist between trained and untrained individuals? What is the main finding and its importance? The StO2 reperfusion rate is sensitive to different occlusion durations, and changes in the reperfusion slope in response to a variety of ischaemic challenges can be used to detect differences between two groups. These data indicate that near-infrared spectroscopy-derived measures of StO2, specifically the reperfusion slope following a vascular occlusion, can be used as a sensitive measure of vascular responsiveness. The reperfusion rate of near-infrared spectroscopy-derived measures of tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) represents vascular responsiveness. This study examined whether the reperfusion slope of StO2 is sensitive to different ischaemic conditions (i.e. a dose-response relationship) and whether differences exist between two groups of different fitness levels. Nine healthy trained (T; age 25 ± 3 years; maximal oxygen uptake 63.4 ± 6.7 ml kg-1 min-1 ) and nine healthy untrained men (UT; age 21 ± 1 years; maximal oxygen uptake 46.6 ± 2.5 ml kg-1 min-1 ) performed a series of vascular occlusion tests of different durations (30 s, 1, 2, 3 and 5 min), each separated by 30 min. The StO2 was measured over the tibialis anterior using near-infrared spectroscopy, with the StO2 reperfusion slope calculated as the upslope during 10 s following cuff release. The reperfusion slope was steeper in T compared with UT at all occlusion durations (P < 0.05). For the T group, the reperfusion slopes for 30 s and 1 min occlusions were less than for all longer durations (P < 0.05). The reperfusion slope following 2 min occlusion was similar to that for 3 min (P > 0.05), but both were less steep than for 5 min of occlusion. In UT, the reperfusion slope at 30 s was smaller than for all longer occlusion durations (P < 0.05), and 1 min occlusion resulted in a reperfusion slope that was less steep than following 2 and 3 min (P < 0.05), albeit not different from 5 min (P > 0.05). The present study demonstrated that the reperfusion rate of StO2 is sensitive to different occlusion durations, and that changes in the reperfusion rate in response to a variety of ischaemic challenges can be used to detect differences in vascular responsiveness between trained and untrained groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M McLay
- Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Silvia Pogliaghi
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Donald H Paterson
- Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Juan M Murias
- School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. .,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Boone J, Vandekerckhove K, Coomans I, Prieur F, Bourgois JG. An integrated view on the oxygenation responses to incremental exercise at the brain, the locomotor and respiratory muscles. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:2085-2102. [PMID: 27613650 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3468-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the past two decades oxygenation responses to incremental ramp exercise, measured non-invasively by means of near-infrared spectroscopy at different locations in the body, have advanced the insights on the underpinning mechanisms of the whole-body pulmonary oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) response. In healthy subjects the complex oxygenation responses at the level of locomotor and respiratory muscles, and brain were simplified and quantified by the detection of breakpoints as a deviation in the ongoing response pattern as work rate increases. These breakpoints were located in a narrow intensity range between 75 and 90 % of the maximal [Formula: see text] and were closely related to traditionally determined thresholds in pulmonary gas exchange (respiratory compensation point), blood lactate measurements (maximal lactate steady state), and critical power. Therefore, it has been assumed that these breakpoints in the oxygenation patterns at different sites in the body might be equivalent and could, therefore, be used interchangeably. In the present review the typical oxygenation responses (at locomotor and respiratory muscle level, and cerebral level) are described and a possible framework is provided showing the physiological events that might link the breakpoints at different body sites with the thresholds determined from pulmonary gas exchange and blood lactate measurements. However, despite a possible physiological association, several arguments prevent the current practical application of these breakpoints measured at a single site as markers of exercise intensity making it highly questionable whether measurements of the oxygenation response at one single site can be used as a reflection of whole-body responses to different exercise intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Boone
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Center of Sports Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | - Ilse Coomans
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Prieur
- CIAMS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
- CIAMS Université d'Orléans, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Jan G Bourgois
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Center of Sports Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Stone KJ, Fryer SM, Ryan T, Stoner L. The validity and reliability of continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy for the assessment of leg blood volume during an orthostatic challenge. Atherosclerosis 2016; 251:234-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Choo HC, Nosaka K, Peiffer JJ, Ihsan M, Yeo CC, Abbiss CR. Peripheral blood flow changes in response to postexercise cold water immersion. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2016; 38:46-55. [PMID: 27464622 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the effect of postexercise water immersion (WI) at different temperatures on common femoral artery blood flow (CFA), muscle (total haemoglobin; tHb) and skin perfusion (cutaneous vascular conductance; CVC), assessed by Doppler ultrasound, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and laser Doppler flowmetry, respectively. Given that heat stress may influence the vascular response during cooling, nine men cycled for 25 min at the first ventilatory threshold followed by intermittent 30-s cycling at 90% peak power until exhaustion at 32·8 ± 0·4°C and 32 ± 5% RH. They then received 5-min WI at 8·6 ± 0·2°C (WI9 ), 14·6 ± 0·3°C (WI15 ), 35·0 ± 0·4°C (WI35 ) or passive rest (CON) in a randomized, crossover manner. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), muscle (Tmu ), thigh skin (Tthigh ), rectal (Tre ) and mean body (Tbody ) temperatures were assessed. At 60 min postimmersion, decreases in Tre after WI35 (-0·6 ± 0·3°C) and CON (-0·6 ± 0·3°C) were different from WI15 (-1·0 ± 0·3°C; P<0·05), but not from WI9 (-1·0 ± 0·3°C; P = 0·074-0·092). WI9 and WI15 had reduced Tbody , Tthigh and Tmu compared with WI35 and CON (P <0·05). CFA, tHb and CVC were lower in WI9 and WI15 compared with CON (P<0·05). tHb following WI9 remained lower than CON (P = 0·044) at 30 min postimmersion. CVC correlated with tHb during non-cooling (WI35 and CON) (r2 = 0·532; P<0·001) and cooling recovery (WI9 and WI15 ) (r2 = 0·19; P = 0·035). WI9 resulted in prolonged reduction in muscle perfusion. This suggests that CWI below 10°C should not be used for short-term (i.e. <60 min) recovery after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui C Choo
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Jeremiah J Peiffer
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Mohammed Ihsan
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Sports Physiology Department, Singapore Sports Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chow C Yeo
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Chris R Abbiss
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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Martis G, Laczik R. The role of radical surgery in the management of CEAP C5/6 and lipodermatosclerosis. Phlebology 2016; 31:753-768. [PMID: 27257053 DOI: 10.1177/0268355516652011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim Analysis of the radical removing of the dermatosclerotic tissues and ulcer(s) with perforator veins dissection as well as local wound and standard compression treatment of CEAP C5/6 stage in a prospective comparative cohort study. Primary endpoint is to compare the results of the one-year follow-up regarding quality of life, vein clinical severity score, and ulcer healing process. Secondary endpoint is the precise presentation of the surgical technique. Tertiary endpoint is to demonstrate the photo-documented results of the postoperative wound treatment protocol. Method Clinical and statistical comparison of radical surgery versus solely wound care and compression in a cohort of 15 patients in each group (Groups 1, 2). In Group 1, radical removing of the dermatosclerotic pannicule and leg ulcer, perforator vein dissection, great saphenous vein, or small saphenous vein was performed. Quality of life , pain intensity, vein clinical severity score and patients' load capacity were compared. The tissue oxygen saturation changes were monitored via near infra-red spectroscopy. Results Both groups were statistically comparable. Wound healing in the operated group was 100% versus 60% in the second one, the difference was significant, p = 0.006. The quality of life: 45.33 versus 36.8, p < 0.001, intensity of leg restless and pain: 2.28 versus 5.3, p < 0.001, changes of vein clinical severity score: 5.27 versus 20.93, p < 0.001, changes of tO2sat: 19.00 versus 6.07 in the upper third of the leg p < 0.001, proved significantly better in group 1 compared to 2. Load capacity was significantly better in group 1 than 2 at the end of the study. The average wound healing time was 113 days in group 1. Conclusion The radical surgery provides significantly better results, considering quality of life, vein clinical severity score, load capacity than the conservative treatment in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Martis
- 1 Department of Vascular Surgery, Clinical and Health Science Centre, Institute of Surgery, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Renáta Laczik
- 2 Department of Angiology, Clinical and Health Science Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Ederer AK, Didier KD, Reiter LK, Brown M, Hardy R, Caldwell J, Black CD, Larson RD, Ade CJ. Influence of Adjuvant Therapy in Cancer Survivors on Endothelial Function and Skeletal Muscle Deoxygenation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147691. [PMID: 26807572 PMCID: PMC4726690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiotoxic effects of adjuvant cancer treatments (i.e., chemotherapy and radiation treatment) have been well documented, but the effects on peripheral cardiovascular function are still unclear. We hypothesized that cancer survivors i) would have decreased resting endothelial function; and ii) altered muscle deoxygenation response during moderate intensity cycling exercise compared to cancer-free controls. A total of 8 cancer survivors (~70 months post-treatment) and 9 healthy controls completed a brachial artery FMD test, an index of endothelial-dependent dilation, followed by an incremental exercise test up to the ventilatory threshold (VT) on a cycle ergometer during which pulmonary V˙O2 and changes in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-derived microvascular tissue oxygenation (TOI), total hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]total), and muscle deoxygenation ([HHb] ≈ fractional O2 extraction) were measured. There were no significant differences in age, height, weight, and resting blood pressure between cancer survivors and control participants. Brachial artery FMD was similar between groups (P = 0.98). During exercise at the VT, TOI was similar between groups, but [Hb]total and [HHb] were significantly decreased in cancer survivors compared to controls (P < 0.01) The rate of change for TOI (ΔTOIΔ/V˙O2) and [HHb] (Δ[HHb]/ΔV˙O2) relative to ΔV˙O2 were decreased in cancer survivors compared to controls (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03 respectively). In cancer survivors, a decreased skeletal muscle microvascular function was observed during moderate intensity cycling exercise. These data suggest that adjuvant cancer therapies have an effect on the integrated relationship between O2 extraction, V˙O2 and O2 delivery during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin K. Ederer
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America
| | - Kaylin D. Didier
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America
| | - Landon K. Reiter
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America
| | - Michael Brown
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America
| | - Rachel Hardy
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America
| | - Jacob Caldwell
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America
| | - Christopher D. Black
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America
| | - Rebecca D. Larson
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America
| | - Carl J. Ade
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Bailey SJ, Blackwell JR, Lord T, Vanhatalo A, Winyard PG, Jones AM. l-Citrulline supplementation improves O2 uptake kinetics and high-intensity exercise performance in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 119:385-95. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00192.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of l-citrulline (Cit) and l-arginine (Arg) supplementation on nitric oxide (NO) biomarkers, pulmonary O2 uptake (V̇o2) kinetics, and exercise performance. In a randomized, placebo (Pla)-controlled, crossover study, 10 healthy adult men completed moderate- and severe-intensity cycling exercise on days 6 and 7 of a 7-day supplementation period with Pla, Arg (6 g/day), and Cit (6 g/day). Compared with Pla, plasma Arg concentration was increased by a similar magnitude with Arg and Cit supplementation, but plasma Cit concentration was only increased ( P < 0.001) with Cit supplementation. Plasma nitrite (NO2−) concentration was increased with Arg supplementation ( P < 0.05) and tended to increase with Cit supplementation ( P = 0.08) compared with Pla (83 ± 25, 106 ± 41, and 100 ± 38 nM with Pla, Arg, and Cit, respectively); however, mean arterial blood pressure was only lower ( P < 0.05) after Cit supplementation. The steady-state V̇o2 amplitude during moderate-intensity cycle exercise was not significantly different between supplements, but Cit lowered the V̇o2 mean response time (59 ± 8 and 53 ± 5 s with Pla and Cit, respectively, P < 0.05) during severe-intensity exercise, improved tolerance to severe-intensity exercise (589 ± 101 and 661 ± 107 s with Pla and Cit, respectively), and increased the total amount of work completed in the exercise performance test (123 ± 18 and 125 ± 19 kJ with Pla and Cit, respectively, P < 0.05). These variables were not altered by Arg supplementation ( P > 0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that short-term Cit, but not Arg, supplementation can improve blood pressure, V̇o2 kinetics, and exercise performance in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Bailey
- Sport and Health Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jamie R. Blackwell
- Sport and Health Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and
| | - Terrence Lord
- Sport and Health Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and
| | - Anni Vanhatalo
- Sport and Health Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and
| | - Paul G. Winyard
- Exeter Medical School, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M. Jones
- Sport and Health Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and
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Effect of pedaling cadence on muscle oxygenation during high-intensity cycling until exhaustion: a comparison between untrained subjects and triathletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 115:2681-9. [PMID: 26255290 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the muscle oxygenation between trained and untrained subjects during heavy exercise until exhaustion at two extreme pedaling cadences using a NIRS system. METHODS Nine untrained male subjects and nine male competitive triathletes cycled until exhaustion at an intensity corresponding to 90 % of the power output achieved at peak oxygen uptake at 40 and 100 rpm. Gas exchanges were measured breath-by-breath during each exercise. Muscle (de)oxygenation was monitored continuously by near-infrared spectroscopy on the Vastus Lateralis. RESULTS Muscle deoxygenation (∆deoxy[Hb + Mb], i.e., O2 extraction) and ∆total[Hb + Mb] were significantly higher at 40 rpm compared to 100 rpm during the exercise in untrained subjects but not in triathletes (p < 0.05). The time performed until exhaustion was significantly higher at 40 than at 100 rpm in untrained subjects (373 ± 55 vs. 234 ± 37 s, respectively) but not in triathletes (339 ± 69 vs. 325 ± 66 s). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that high aerobic fitness (1) allows for better regulation between [Formula: see text]O2M and VO2M following the change in pedaling cadence, and (2) is the most important factor in the relationship between pedaling cadence and performance.
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30
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Local and remote thermoregulatory changes affect NIRS measurement in forearm muscles. Eur J Appl Physiol 2015; 115:2281-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Niemeijer VM, Spee RF, Jansen JP, Buskermolen ABC, van Dijk T, Wijn PFF, Kemps HMC. Test-retest reliability of skeletal muscle oxygenation measurements during submaximal cycling exercise in patients with chronic heart failure. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2015; 37:68-78. [DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruud F. Spee
- Department of Cardiology; Máxima Medical Centre; Veldhoven The Netherlands
| | - Jasper P. Jansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Eindhoven University of Technology; Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas van Dijk
- Department of Medical Physics; Máxima Medical Centre; Veldhoven The Netherlands
| | - Pieter F. F. Wijn
- Department of Applied Physics; Eindhoven University of Technology; Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Physics; Máxima Medical Centre; Veldhoven The Netherlands
| | - Hareld M. C. Kemps
- Department of Cardiology; Máxima Medical Centre; Veldhoven The Netherlands
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Roberts LA, Muthalib M, Stanley J, Lichtwark G, Nosaka K, Coombes JS, Peake JM. Effects of cold water immersion and active recovery on hemodynamics and recovery of muscle strength following resistance exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R389-98. [PMID: 26062633 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00151.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cold water immersion (CWI) and active recovery (ACT) are frequently used as postexercise recovery strategies. However, the physiological effects of CWI and ACT after resistance exercise are not well characterized. We examined the effects of CWI and ACT on cardiac output (Q̇), muscle oxygenation (SmO2), blood volume (tHb), muscle temperature (Tmuscle), and isometric strength after resistance exercise. On separate days, 10 men performed resistance exercise, followed by 10 min CWI at 10°C or 10 min ACT (low-intensity cycling). Q̇ (7.9 ± 2.7 l) and Tmuscle (2.2 ± 0.8°C) increased, whereas SmO2 (-21.5 ± 8.8%) and tHb (-10.1 ± 7.7 μM) decreased after exercise (P < 0.05). During CWI, Q̇ (-1.1 ± 0.7 l) and Tmuscle (-6.6 ± 5.3°C) decreased, while tHb (121 ± 77 μM) increased (P < 0.05). In the hour after CWI, Q̇ and Tmuscle remained low, while tHb also decreased (P < 0.05). By contrast, during ACT, Q̇ (3.9 ± 2.3 l), Tmuscle (2.2 ± 0.5°C), SmO2 (17.1 ± 5.7%), and tHb (91 ± 66 μM) all increased (P < 0.05). In the hour after ACT, Tmuscle, and tHb remained high (P < 0.05). Peak isometric strength during 10-s maximum voluntary contractions (MVCs) did not change significantly after CWI, whereas it decreased after ACT (-30 to -45 Nm; P < 0.05). Muscle deoxygenation time during MVCs increased after ACT (P < 0.05), but not after CWI. Muscle reoxygenation time after MVCs tended to increase after CWI (P = 0.052). These findings suggest first that hemodynamics and muscle temperature after resistance exercise are dependent on ambient temperature and metabolic demands with skeletal muscle, and second, that recovery of strength after resistance exercise is independent of changes in hemodynamics and muscle temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llion A Roberts
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Australia; Centre of Excellence for Applied Sport Science Research, Queensland Academy of Sport, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Makii Muthalib
- Movement to Health Laboratory, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Jamie Stanley
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Australia; Centre of Excellence for Applied Sport Science Research, Queensland Academy of Sport, Brisbane, Australia; Physiology Department, South Australian Sports Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Glen Lichtwark
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia; and
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Peake
- Centre of Excellence for Applied Sport Science Research, Queensland Academy of Sport, Brisbane, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Adami A, Koga S, Kondo N, Cannon DT, Kowalchuk JM, Amano T, Rossiter HB. Changes in whole tissue heme concentration dissociates muscle deoxygenation from muscle oxygen extraction during passive head-up tilt. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 118:1091-9. [PMID: 25678700 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00918.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle deoxygenated hemoglobin and myoglobin concentration ([HHb]), assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), is commonly used as a surrogate of regional O2 extraction (reflecting the O2 delivery-to-consumption ratio, Q̇/V̇o2). However, [HHb] change (Δ[HHb]) is also influenced by capillary-venous heme concentration, and/or small blood vessel volume (reflected in total heme; [THb]). We tested the hypotheses that Δ[HHb] is associated with O2 extraction, and insensitive to [THb], over a wide range of Q̇/V̇o2 elicited by passive head-up tilt (HUT; 10-min, 15° increments, between -10° and 75°). Steady-state common femoral artery blood flow (FBF) was measured by echo-Doppler, and time-resolved NIRS measured [HHb] and [THb] of vastus lateralis (VL) and gastrocnemius (GS) in 13 men. EMG confirmed muscles were inactive. During HUT in VL [HHb] increased linearly (57 ± 10 to 101 ± 16 μM; P < 0.05 above 15°) and was associated (r(2) ∼ 0.80) with the reduction in FBF (618 ± 75 ml/min at 0° to 268 ± 52 ml/min at 75°; P < 0.05 above 30°) and the increase in [THb] (228 ± 30 vs. 252 ± 32 μM; P < 0.05 above 15°). GS response was qualitatively similar to VL. However, there was wide variation within and among individuals, such that the overall limits of agreement between Δ[HHb] and ΔFBF ranged from -35 to +19% across both muscles. Neither knowledge of tissue O2 saturation nor vascular compliance could appropriately account for the Δ[HHb]-ΔFBF dissociation. Thus, under passive tilt, [HHb] is influenced by Q̇/V̇o2, as well as microvascular hematocrit and/or tissue blood vessel volume, complicating its use as a noninvasive surrogate for muscle microvascular O2 extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Adami
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Shunsaku Koga
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Kobe Design University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Narihiko Kondo
- Laboratory for Applied Human Physiology, Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; and
| | - Daniel T Cannon
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - John M Kowalchuk
- School of Kinesiology and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tatsuro Amano
- Laboratory for Applied Human Physiology, Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; and
| | - Harry B Rossiter
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California;
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