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Yu Z, Zhao D, Liu X. Nutritional supplements improve cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese patients: A Bayesian network meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1140019. [PMID: 37063314 PMCID: PMC10098366 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1140019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight and obesity are considered as one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). At present, many studies have proved that multiple nutritional supplements play an active role in metabolic diseases. However, the comparative efficacy of different nutritional supplements in improving indicators of cardiometabolic risk in obese and overweight patients is uncertain. Methods Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for the period from January 1990 to March 2022. A random-effect model was built in the Bayesian network meta-analysis. The surface under the cumulative ranking analysis (SUCRA) and clustering rank analysis was performed for ranking the effects. Results The study included 65 RCTs with 4,241 patients. In terms of glucose control, probiotic was more conductive to improve FBG (MD: -0.90; 95%CrI: -1.41 to -0.38), FINS (MD: -2.05; 95%CrI: -4.27 to -0.02), HOMA-IR (MD: -2.59; 95%CI -3.42 to -1.76). Probiotic (MD: -11.15, 95%CrI -22.16 to -1.26), omega-3 (MD: -9.45; 95%CrI: -20.69 to -0.93), VD (MD: -17.86; 95%CrI: -35.53 to -0.27), and probiotic +omega-3 (MD: 5.24; 95%CrI: 0.78 to 9.63) were beneficial to the improvement of TGs, TC and HDL-C, respectively. The SUCRA revealed that probiotic might be the best intervention to reduce FBG, FINS, HOMA-IR; Simultaneously, α-lipoic acid, VD, and probiotic + omega-3 might be the best intervention to improve TGs, TC, and HDL-C, respectively. Cluster-rank results revealed probiotic had the best comprehensive improvement effect on glucose metabolism, and probiotic + omega-3 may have a better comprehensive improvement effect on lipid metabolism (cluster-rank value for FBG and FINS: 3290.50 and for TGs and HDL-C: 2117.61). Conclusion Nutritional supplementation is effective on CVD risk factors in overweight and obese patients. Probiotic supplementation might be the best intervention for blood glucose control; VD, probiotic + omega-3 have a better impact on improving lipid metabolism. Further studies are required to verify the current findings.
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Castleberry T, Irvine C, Deemer SE, Brisebois MF, Gordon R, Oldham MD, Duplanty AA, Ben-Ezra V. Consecutive days of exercise decrease insulin response more than a single exercise session in healthy, inactive men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:1591-1598. [PMID: 31079201 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04148-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is reported that a single bout of exercise can lower insulin responses 12-24 h post-exercise; however, the insulin responses to alternate or consecutive bouts of exercise is unknown. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of exercise pattern on post-exercise insulin and glucose responses following a glucose challenge. METHODS Ten male participants (n = 10, mean ± SD, Age 29.5 ± 7.7 years; BMI 25.7 ± 3.0 kg/m2) completed three exercise trials of walking for 60 min at ~ 70% of VO2max. The trials consisted of: three consecutive exercise days (3CON), three alternate exercise days (3ALT), a single bout of exercise (SB), and a no exercise control (R). Twelve to fourteen hours after the last bout of exercise or R, participants completed a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and blood was collected at 30 min intervals for the measurement of glucose, insulin, and C-peptide. RESULT Calculated incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for glucose and C-peptide was not different between the four trials. Insulin iAUC decreased 34.9% for 3CON compared to R (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Three consecutive days of walking at ~ 70% VO2max improved insulin response following an OGTT compared to no exercise. It is possible, that for healthy males, the effect of a single bout of exercise or exercise bouts separated by more than 24 h may not be enough stimulus to lower insulin responses to a glucose challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Castleberry
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, Texas Woman's University, Pioneer Hall, P.O. Box 425647, Denton, TX, 76204-5647, USA
| | - Christopher Irvine
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Woman's University, Pioneer Hall, P.O. Box 425647, Denton, TX, 76204-5647, USA
| | - Sarah E Deemer
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Woman's University, Pioneer Hall, P.O. Box 425647, Denton, TX, 76204-5647, USA.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Matthew F Brisebois
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Woman's University, Pioneer Hall, P.O. Box 425647, Denton, TX, 76204-5647, USA
| | - Ryan Gordon
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Woman's University, Pioneer Hall, P.O. Box 425647, Denton, TX, 76204-5647, USA
| | - Michael D Oldham
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Woman's University, Pioneer Hall, P.O. Box 425647, Denton, TX, 76204-5647, USA
| | - Anthony A Duplanty
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Woman's University, Pioneer Hall, P.O. Box 425647, Denton, TX, 76204-5647, USA
| | - Vic Ben-Ezra
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Woman's University, Pioneer Hall, P.O. Box 425647, Denton, TX, 76204-5647, USA.
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Rivas E, Herndon DN, Porter C, Meyer W, Suman OE. Short-term metformin and exercise training effects on strength, aerobic capacity, glycemic control, and mitochondrial function in children with burn injury. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 314:E232-E240. [PMID: 29138224 PMCID: PMC5899215 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00194.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Severely burned children experience a chronic state of sympathetic nervous system activation that is associated with hypermetabolic/cardiac stress and muscle wasting. Metformin, a diabetes medication, helps control hyperglycemia in obese diabetic populations, and exercise has been shown to improve exercise strength and aerobic exercise capacity after severe burns. However, whether exercise improves glycemic control in burned children and whether combining exercise and metformin improves outcomes to a greater degree than exercise alone are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that a 6-wk exercise program combined with short-term metformin administration (E + M) improves aerobic and strength exercise capacity to a greater degree than exercise and placebo (E), while improving glucose tolerance and muscle metabolic function. We found that, before exercise training, the metformin group compared with the placebo group had attenuated mitochondrial respiration (pmol·s-1·mg-1) for each state: state 2 (-22.5 ± 3), state 3 (-42.4 ± 13), and oxphos (-58.9 ± 19) ( P ≤ 0.02, M vs. E + M group for each state). However, in the E + M group, exercise increased mitochondrial respiration in each state ( P ≤ 0.05), with respiration being comparable to that in the E group (each P > 0.05). In both groups, exercise induced comparable improvements in strength (change from preexercise, Δ1.6 ± 0.6 N-M·kgLBM) and V̇o2peak (Δ9 ± 7 mlO2·kgLBM) as well as fasting glucose (Δ19.3 ± 13 mg·dl) and glucose AUC (Δ3402 ± 3674 mg·dl-1·min-1), as measured by a 75-g OGTT (all P ≤ 0.03). Exercise reduced resting energy expenditure in E + M (Δ539 ± 480 kcal/24 h, P < 0.01) but not E subjects ( P = 0.68). Both groups exhibited reduced resting heart rate (Δ30 ± 23 beats/min, P ≤ 0.02). These data indicate that short-term metformin combined with exercise provides no further improvement beyond that of exercise alone for strength, exercise capacity, and glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Rivas
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, Texas
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, Texas
| | - David N Herndon
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, Texas
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Craig Porter
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, Texas
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Walter Meyer
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, Texas
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Oscar E Suman
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, Texas
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
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