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Yang Y, Liu H, Zou D, Ji F, Lv R, Wu H, Zhou H, Ren A, Xu T, Hou G, Hu C. Polystyrene microplastics exposure reduces meat quality and disturbs skeletal muscle angiogenesis via thrombospondin 1. Food Res Int 2024; 190:114581. [PMID: 38945601 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pose a significant threat to livestock health. Yet, the roles of polystyrene MPs (PS-MPs) on meat quality and skeletal muscle development in pigs have not been fully determined. To investigate the effect of PS-MPs on skeletal muscle, piglets were given diets supplementation with 0 mg/kg (CON group), 75 mg/kg (75 mg/kg PS-MPs group), and 150 mg/kg PS-MPs (150 mg/kg PS-MPs group), respectively. The results indicated that the average daily gain (ADG) of piglets in the 150 mg/kg PS-MPs group was significantly lower than that in the CON group. No significant differences were observed in the final body weight and ADG between the CON group and the 75 mg/kg PS-MPs group. Piglets in the 150 mg/kg PS-MPs group exhibited decreased meat redness index and type I muscle fiber density. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the contents of meat flavor compounds carnosine, beta-alanine, palmitic acid, and niacinamide in muscle were lower in the 150 mg/kg PS-MPs group than in the CON group. Additionally, piglets subjected to 150 mg/kg PS-MPs exhibited impaired muscle angiogenesis. Further analysis indicated that PS-MPs exposure up-regulated thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) expression by inhibiting THBS1 mRNA and protein degradation, thereby disrupting skeletal muscle angiogenesis. These findings indicate that PS-MPs exposure adversely affects meat quality and hinders skeletal muscle angiogenesis in pigs, providing deeper insights into the detrimental effects of PS-MPs on meat quality and skeletal muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Hu Liu
- Zhanjiang Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524013, China
| | - Dongbin Zou
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Fengjie Ji
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Renlong Lv
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Hongzhi Wu
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Hanlin Zhou
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Ao Ren
- Changning Jianghe Hi-Tech Agriculture and Forestry Co., Ltd, Hengyang, Hunan 421500, China
| | - Tieshan Xu
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Guanyu Hou
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China.
| | - Chengjun Hu
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China.
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Li DCW, Rudloff S, Langer HT, Norman K, Herpich C. Age-Associated Differences in Recovery from Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage. Cells 2024; 13:255. [PMID: 38334647 PMCID: PMC10854791 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the intricate mechanisms governing the cellular response to resistance exercise is paramount for promoting healthy aging. This narrative review explored the age-related alterations in recovery from resistance exercise, focusing on the nuanced aspects of exercise-induced muscle damage in older adults. Due to the limited number of studies in older adults that attempt to delineate age differences in muscle discovery, we delve into the multifaceted cellular influences of chronic low-grade inflammation, modifications in the extracellular matrix, and the role of lipid mediators in shaping the recovery landscape in aging skeletal muscle. From our literature search, it is evident that aged muscle displays delayed, prolonged, and inefficient recovery. These changes can be attributed to anabolic resistance, the stiffening of the extracellular matrix, mitochondrial dysfunction, and unresolved inflammation as well as alterations in satellite cell function. Collectively, these age-related impairments may impact subsequent adaptations to resistance exercise. Insights gleaned from this exploration may inform targeted interventions aimed at enhancing the efficacy of resistance training programs tailored to the specific needs of older adults, ultimately fostering healthy aging and preserving functional independence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Ching Wah Li
- Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Stefan Rudloff
- Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Kristina Norman
- Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13347 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Catrin Herpich
- Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13347 Berlin, Germany
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Carrera-Quintanar L, Funes L, Herranz-López M, Vicente-Salar N, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Moya-Ramón M, Pons A, Micol V, Roche E. Acute Antioxidant Response to Two Types of Exercises: 2000 M Run vs. Burpee Test. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:144. [PMID: 38397742 PMCID: PMC10886302 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical activity results in oxidative stress, as evidenced by the increased production of reactive oxygen, nitrogen species, and inflammatory mediators. The management of these components is instrumental for antioxidant adaptation to exercise and post-exercise recovery. Therefore, the present report aims to study the antioxidant response to two types of exercise (a 2000 m run and a burpee test) in healthy volunteers after a long period of inactivity (1-2 months). Antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative stress markers (protein carbonyls and malondialdehyde content) were measured in neutrophils, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and plasma. These parameters were determined under basal conditions and immediately post-exercise. Compared to those in basal state, neutrophil superoxide dismutase (28.3 vs. 22.9 pkat/109 cells), glutathione peroxidase (147.5 vs. 120.1 nkat/109 cells), and catalase (106.3 vs. 57.9 k/109 cells) were activated significantly (p < 0.05) after the burpee test. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibited only significant (p < 0.05) catalase activation (113.6 vs. 89.4 k/109 cells) after the burpee test. Other enzymes, such as glutathione reductase and myeloperoxidase, tended to increase post-exercise, although the differences from baseline were not significant. Finally, compared to basal conditions, the protein carbonyl (24.5 vs. 14.5 mmol/L) and malondialdehyde (39.6 vs. 18.3 mmol/L) contents increased significantly (p < 0.05) in neutrophils and in plasma (115.1 vs. 97.8 and 130.2 vs. 123.4 μmol/L, respectively) after the burpee test. In conclusion, high-intensity exercise seems to induce immediate oxidative stress in inactive individuals, and the acute antioxidant response was slightly greater after the burpee test than after the 2000 m run. Glutathione-dependent antioxidant systems are activated immediately as protective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrecia Carrera-Quintanar
- Doctorate in Translational Nutrition Sciences (DCNT) University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara (UDG), Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Lorena Funes
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Healthcare Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - María Herranz-López
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Healthcare Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Néstor Vicente-Salar
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Manuel Moya-Ramón
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sports Research Center, Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Antoni Pons
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition/Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Micol
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Healthcare Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition/Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Roche
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, Institute of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition/Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Nursal AF, Ünver Ş, Yiğit S, Orhan ÖM, Atan T. The evaluation of superoxide dismutase 1 gene insertion/deletion variant in athletes. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 69:e20230575. [PMID: 38055452 PMCID: PMC10691368 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20230575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Regular exercise benefits health by increasing the body's antioxidant defenses. However, excessive exercise can produce excessive reactive oxygen species, which can lead to oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutase is the primary enzyme involved in the elimination of reactive oxygen species. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the SOD1 gene insertion/deletion variant and elite athletes. METHODS A total of 305 subjects, including 165 elite athletes from different branches and 140 sedentary individuals, participated in this study. The SOD1 insertion/deletion variant was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction. The results were evaluated statistically. RESULTS There was no statistical significance between the athletes and control groups in terms of SOD1 insertion/deletion genotype distribution and allele frequency. Then, we evaluated the groups as females and males. There were no female athletes carrying the D/D genotype. The SOD1 I/I genotype and the I allele were more prevalent in female athletes than in the control group. There was a significant difference in terms of SOD1 I/I: I/D+D/D in females (p=0.028). SOD1 genotype and allele distribution did not differ between male athletes and male controls. CONCLUSION As far as we know, this is the first study to evaluate the SOD1 insertion/deletion variant in athletes in Turkey. Our results showed that the SOD1 I allele was more common in female athletes, but not in male athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Feyda Nursal
- Hitit University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics – Çorum, Turkey
| | - Şaban Ünver
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Sports Sciences – Samsun, Turkey
| | - Serbülent Yiğit
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Genetics – Samsun, Turkey
| | | | - Tülin Atan
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Sports Sciences – Samsun, Turkey
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Barreto RV, Lima LC, Borszcz FK, de Lucas RD, Denadai BS. Acute physiological responses to eccentric cycling: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:1051-1068. [PMID: 37410446 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.14971-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Eccentric cycling (ECCCYC) has attracted considerable interest due to its potential applicability for exercise treatment/training of patients with poor exercise tolerance as well as healthy and trained individuals. Conversely, little is known about the acute physiological responses to this exercise modality, thus challenging its proper prescription. This study aimed to provide precise estimates of the acute physiological responses to ECCCYC in comparison to traditional concentric cycling (CONCYC). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Searches were performed until November 2021 using the PubMed, Embase, and ScienceDirect databases. Studies that examined individuals' cardiorespiratory, metabolic, and perceptual responses to ECCCYC and CONCYC sessions were included. Bayesian multilevel meta-analysis models were used to estimate the population mean difference between acute physiological responses from ECCCYC and CONCYC bouts. Twenty-one studies were included in this review. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS The meta-analyses showed that ECCCYC induced lower cardiorespiratory (i.e., V̇O2, V̇E, and HR), metabolic (i.e., [BLa]), and perceptual (i.e., RPE) responses than CONCYC performed at the same absolute power output, while greater cardiovascular strain (i.e., greater increases in HR, Q, MAP, [norepinephrine], and lower SV) was detected when compared to CONCYC performed at the same V̇O2. CONCLUSIONS The prescription of ECCCYC based on workloads used in the CONCYC sessions may be considered safe and, therefore, feasible for the rehabilitation of individuals with poor exercise tolerance. However, the prescription of ECCCYC based on the V̇O2 obtained during CONCYC sessions should be conducted with caution, especially in clinical settings, since there is a high probability of additional cardiovascular overload in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan V Barreto
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil -
| | - Leonardo Cr Lima
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernando K Borszcz
- Physical Effort Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ricardo D de Lucas
- Physical Effort Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Benedito S Denadai
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil
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Jannas-Vela S, Bustamante A, Zbinden-Foncea H, Peñailillo L. Plasma α-Actin as an Early Marker of Muscle Damage After Repeated Bouts of Eccentric Cycling. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2023; 94:853-860. [PMID: 35522171 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2060926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to examine the changes in skeletal muscle (SM) α-actin, myoglobin (Mb) and hydroxyproline (HP) in plasma and other indirect markers of muscle damage after repeated bouts of eccentric cycling. Methods: Ten healthy men (23.3 ± 2.8 years) performed two 30-min eccentric cycling bouts at 100% of maximal concentric power output (230.7 ± 36.9 W) separated by 2 weeks (ECC1 and ECC2). Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) peak force of the knee extensor muscles, muscle soreness (SOR), pain pressure threshold (PPT) and plasma levels of SM α-actin, Mb, and HP were measured before, 0.5, 3, 24-168 h after each cycling bout. Results: MVIC peak force decreased on average 10.7 ± 13.1% more after ECC1 than ECC2. SOR was 80% greater and PPT was 12-14% lower after ECC1 than ECC2. Plasma SM α-actin levels increased at 0.5, 3, and 24-72 h after ECC1 (26.1-47.9%), and SM α-actin levels at 24 h after ECC1 were associated with muscle strength loss (r = -0.56, P = .04) and SOR (r = 0.88, P = .001). Mb levels increased at 0.5, 3, and 24 h after ECC1 (200-502%). However, Mb levels at 24 h after ECC1were not associated with muscle strength loss and SOR. HP levels remained unchanged after ECC1. ECC2 did not increase SM α-actin, Mb and HP levels. Conclusion: Our results indicate that α-actin could be used as a potential marker for the early identification of SM damage due to its early appearance in plasma and its association with other indirect markers of muscle damage.
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Hayes EJ, Stevenson E, Sayer AA, Granic A, Hurst C. Recovery from Resistance Exercise in Older Adults: A Systematic Scoping Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:51. [PMID: 37395837 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance exercise is recommended for maintaining muscle mass and strength in older adults. However, little is known about exercise-induced muscle damage and recovery from resistance exercise in older adults. This may have implications for exercise prescription. This scoping review aimed to identify and provide a broad overview of the available literature, examine how this research has been conducted, and identify current knowledge gaps relating to exercise-induced muscle damage and recovery from resistance exercise in older adults. METHODS Studies were included if they included older adults aged 65 years and over, and reported any markers of exercise-induced muscle damage after performing a bout of resistance exercise. The following electronic databases were searched using a combination of MeSH terms and free text: MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science. Additionally, reference lists of identified articles were screened for eligible studies. Data were extracted from eligible studies using a standardised form. Studies were collated and are reported by emergent theme or outcomes. RESULTS A total of 10,976 possible articles were identified and 27 original research articles were included. Findings are reported by theme; sex differences in recovery from resistance exercise, symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage, and biological markers of muscle damage. CONCLUSIONS Despite the volume of available data, there is considerable variability in study protocols and inconsistency in findings reported. Across all measures of exercise-induced muscle damage, data in women are lacking when compared to males, and rectifying this discrepancy should be a focus of future studies. Current available data make it challenging to provide clear recommendations to those prescribing resistance exercise for older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Jayne Hayes
- AGE Research Group, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emma Stevenson
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Cookson Building, 1St Floor, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Avan Aihie Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher Hurst
- AGE Research Group, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Ueda H, Saegusa R, Tsuchiya Y, Ochi E. Pedal cadence does not affect muscle damage to eccentric cycling performed at similar mechanical work. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1140359. [PMID: 36969610 PMCID: PMC10036782 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1140359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate muscle damage when performing equal mechanical work of fast and slow pedaling speed by eccentric muscle actions (ECCs) cycling.Methods: Nineteen young men [mean ± standard deviation (SD) age: 21.0 ± 2.2 years; height: 172.7 ± 5.9 cm; and body mass: 70.2 ± 10.5 kg] performed maximal effort of ECCs cycling exercise with fast speed (Fast) and slow speed trials (Slow). First, subjects performed the Fast for 5 min by one leg. Second, Slow performed until the total mechanical work was equal to that generated during Fast other one leg. Changes in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) torque of knee extension, isokinetic pedaling peak torque (IPT), range of motion (ROM), muscle soreness, thigh circumference, muscle echo intensity, and muscle stiffness were assessed before exercise, and immediately after exercise, and 1 and 4 days after exercise.Results: Exercise time was observed in the Slow (1422.0 ± 330.0 s) longer than Fast (300.0 ± 0.0 s). However, a significant difference was not observed in total work (Fast:214.8 ± 42.4 J/kg, Slow: 214.3 ± 42.2 J/kg). A significant interaction effect was not observed in peak values of MVC torque (Fast:1.7 ± 0.4 Nm/kg, Slow: 1.8 ± 0.5 Nm/kg), IPT, muscle soreness (Fast:4.3 ± 1.6 cm, Slow: 4.7 ± 2.9 cm). In addition, ROM, circumference, muscle thickness, muscle echo intensity, and muscle stiffness also showed no significant interaction.Conclusion: The magnitude of muscle damage is similar for ECCs cycling with equal work regardless of velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Ueda
- Faculty of Healthcare and Medical Sports, Teikyo Heisei University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Riki Saegusa
- Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tsuchiya
- Center for Liberal Arts, Laboratory of Health and Sports Sciences, Meiji Gakuin University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eisuke Ochi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Sports and Health Studies, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Eisuke Ochi,
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Curcumin-Added Whey Protein Positively Modulates Skeletal Muscle Inflammation and Oxidative Damage after Exhaustive Exercise. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224905. [PMID: 36432591 PMCID: PMC9698604 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Exhaustive exercise can induce muscle damage. The consumption of nutritional compounds with the ability to positively influence the oxidative balance and an exacerbated inflammatory process has been previously studied. However, little is known about the nutritional value of curcumin (CCM) when mixed with whey protein concentrate (WPC). This study was developed to evaluate the effect of CCM-added WPC on inflammatory and oxidative process control and histopathological consequences in muscle tissue submitted to an exhaustive swimming test (ET). (2) Methods: 48 animals were randomly allocated to six groups (n = 8). An ET was performed 4 weeks after the start of the diet and animals were euthanized 24 h post ET. (3) Results: WPC + CCM and CCM groups reduced IL-6 and increased IL-10 expression in muscle tissue. CCM reduced carbonyl protein after ET compared to standard AIN-93M ET and WPC + CCM ET diets. Higher nitric oxide concentrations were observed in animals that consumed WPC + CCM and CCM. Consumption of WPC + CCM or isolated CCM reduced areas of inflammatory infiltrate and fibrotic tissue in the muscle. (4) Conclusions: WPC + CCM and isolated CCM contribute to the reduction in inflammation and oxidative damage caused by the exhaustive swimming test.
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Peñailillo L, Diaz-Reiher M, Gurovich A, Flores-Opazo M. A Short-Term Eccentric HIIT Induced Greater Reduction in Cardio-Metabolic Risk Markers in Comparison With Concentric HIIT in Sedentary Overweight Men. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022:1-13. [PMID: 35439422 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.2022087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Background: Steady-state eccentric exercise training improves cardiometabolic risk (CMR) despite lesser cardiovascular demands compared with load-matched concentric training. Whether a high-intensity interval eccentric training is also effective reducing CMR is unknown. Aim: To compare the effects of a short-term high-intensity interval eccentric training (ECC-HIIT) with high-intensity interval concentric training (CONC-HIIT) on CMR in sedentary overweight men. Methods: Twenty men (age: 27.9 ± 5.3y, body massindex: 29.1 ± 3.1 kg·m-2) were randomly assigned to ECC-HIIT (n = 10) or CONC-HIIT (n = 10) delivered as six sessions, including 4 x 5:2 min work-to-rest ratio, at 80% peak concentric power output. Heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and muscle soreness weremonitored during training sessions. Training effects on lipid profile, insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR), body composition, thigh circumference, isometric knee extensors maximal strength, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were determined. Results: Average training HR and RPE were -29%and -50%lower in ECC-HIIT in comparison with CONC-HIIT. Muscle soreness was initially greater after ECC-HIIT compared with CONC-HIIT. Significant changes in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-7.0 ± 8.7%; p = .02 and -6.3 ± 14.4%; p = .03), SBP (-9.8 ± 7.8%; p = .002), and maximal thigh circumference (+2.5 ± 3.1%; p = .02) were observed following ECC-HIIT. No changes in any CMR marker were observed after CONC-HIIT. Moderate-to-large training effect sizes were obtained in thigh circumference, SBP, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in response to ECC-HIIT. Conclusion: A two-week ECC-HIIT was well-tolerated and induced rapid onset improvements in cholesterol and blood pressure compared to conventional CONC-HIIT in sedentary overweight men.
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Effects of Exercise Training on the Autonomic Nervous System with a Focus on Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidants Effects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020350. [PMID: 35204231 PMCID: PMC8868289 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies show that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) has an important impact on health in general. In response to environmental demands, homeostatic processes are often compromised, therefore determining an increase in the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)’s functions and a decrease in the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)’s functions. In modern societies, chronic stress associated with an unhealthy lifestyle contributes to ANS dysfunction. In this review, we provide a brief introduction to the ANS network, its connections to the HPA axis and its stress responses and give an overview of the critical implications of ANS in health and disease—focused specifically on the immune system, cardiovascular, oxidative stress and metabolic dysregulation. The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA), the SNS and more recently the PNS have been identified as regulating the immune system. The HPA axis and PNS have anti-inflammatory effects and the SNS has been shown to have both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. The positive impact of physical exercise (PE) is well known and has been studied by many researchers, but its negative impact has been less studied. Depending on the type, duration and individual characteristics of the person doing the exercise (age, gender, disease status, etc.), PE can be considered a physiological stressor. The negative impact of PE seems to be connected with the oxidative stress induced by effort.
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Hayes EJ, Stevenson E, Sayer AA, Granic A, Hurst C. Recovery from resistance exercise in older adults: a protocol for a scoping review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2022; 8:e001229. [PMID: 35136657 PMCID: PMC8804680 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Resistance exercise has been shown to improve muscle health in older adults and is recommended as a front-line treatment for many health conditions, including sarcopenia and frailty. However, despite considerable research detailing the potential benefits of resistance exercise programmes, little is known about how older adults recover from individual exercise sessions. This scoping review will examine the current evidence surrounding the acute post-exercise effects of resistance exercise and the exercise recovery process in older adults to inform future research and exercise prescription guidelines for older adults. Methods and analysis The methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley (2005) will be applied for this scoping review. A systematic search of five online databases and the hand-searching of reference lists of identified articles will be used to identify relevant papers. Studies that aim to measure exercise-induced muscle damage or exercise recovery following a resistance exercise session in participants aged 65 years and over will be included. Qualitative and quantitative data from relevant studies will be presented in a tabular format. Results will be summarised in narrative format. Key findings will be discussed concerning resistance exercise prescription in older adults. Dissemination This review will be used to direct further research surrounding the exercise recovery process from resistance exercise in older adults and will also aid in designing specific exercise prescription guidelines for an older population. Findings will be relevant to researchers, clinicians, health workers and policy-makers and disseminated through publications and presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Jayne Hayes
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emma Stevenson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Avan Aihie Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher Hurst
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Effects of eccentric vs concentric cycling training on patients with moderate COPD. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 122:489-502. [PMID: 34799753 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study compared the effects of eccentric cycling (ECC) and conventional concentric cycling (CONC) training on muscle function, body composition, functional performance, and quality of life (QOL) of patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS Twenty patients (age: 69.6 ± 10.1 years, forced expiratory volume in 1-s: 73.2 ± 11.4% of predicted) were randomly allocated to ECC (n = 10) or CONC (n = 10) group. They performed 12 weeks of ECC or CONC training at similar perceived exertion. The workload, heart rate (HR), blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), and dyspnea were monitored during cycling. Outcomes measures included maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) strength of the knee extensors, rate of force development (RFD), lower limb fat-free (LLFFM) and fat (LLFM) mass, 6-min walking test (6MWT), timed up-and-go test (TUG), stairs ascending (SAWT) and descending walking time (SDWT), and QOL assessed by the Saint George's respiratory questionnaire. RESULTS ECC produced on average threefold greater (P < 0.001) workload (211.8 ± 106.0 kJ) than CONC (78.1 ± 62.6 kJ) over 34 training sessions. ECC showed 1.5 ± 2.1% greater SpO2, 24.7 ± 4.1% lower HR, and 64.4 ± 29.6% lower dyspnea in average than CONC (P < 0.001). ECC increased LLFFM (4.5 ± 6.2%; P = 0.03), while CONC decreased LLFM (3.3 ± 6.4%; P = 0.04) after training. Both ECC and CONC reduced (P < 0.05) SAWT (- 16.1 ± 9.3% vs - 10.1 ± 14.4%) and SDWT (- 12.2 ± 12.6% vs - 14.4 ± 14.7%), and improved (P < 0.05) QOL (33.4 ± 38.8 vs 26.1 ± 36.6%) similarly, but only ECC improved (P < 0.05) RFD (69-199%), TUG (13.6 ± 13.6%), and 6MWT (25.3 ± 27.7%). CONCLUSION These results suggest that ECC training with less cardio-pulmonary demands was more effective in increasing functional performance and muscle mass for COPD patients than CONC training.
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Relationship Between Physical Activity Level and Muscle Markers in a Population-Based Sample of Children and Adolescents. Asian J Sports Med 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.109400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The study aimed was to investigate the relationship between physical activity (PA) levels and muscle markers in healthy children and adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 among school students from Isfahan, Iran. Using cluster sampling, 159 students aged 7 to 18 years were selected. In addition to the physical examination, the PA level was assessed using a valid questionnaire. The serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation test. Results: The samples included 79 girls and 80 boys with a mean age (standard deviation) of 12.72 (3.06) years and a mean body mass index of 18.30 (3.70) kg/m2. The mean AST and CPK were significantly higher in boys than in girls (P < 0.05). Participants with higher PA levels had significantly lower LDH and ALT than other participants (-0.20, P = 0.003, and 0.044 P = 0.295, respectively). There was no significant relationship between PA level and muscle enzyme levels. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicated that higher PA level was associated with lower serum muscle markers other than LDH. This suggests that the best types of PA for children and adolescents are those activities with rest sets to prevent muscle damage.
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Dias KA, da Conceição AR, Oliveira LA, Pereira SMS, Paes SDS, Monte LF, Sarandy MM, Novaes RD, Gonçalves RV, Della Lucia CM. Effects of Curcumin Supplementation on Inflammatory Markers, Muscle Damage, and Sports Performance during Acute Physical Exercise in Sedentary Individuals. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9264639. [PMID: 34659641 PMCID: PMC8516555 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9264639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exhaustive and acute unusual physical exercise leads to muscle damage. Curcumin has been widely studied due to the variety of its biological activities, attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, it has shown positive effects on physical exercise practitioners. However, there is no literature consensus on the beneficial effects of curcumin in acute physical activities performed by sedentary individuals. Therefore, we systematically reviewed evidence from clinical trials on the main effects of curcumin supplementation on inflammatory markers, sports performance, and muscle damage during acute physical exercises in these individuals. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases, and only original studies were analyzed according to the PRISMA guidelines. The included studies were limited to supplementation of curcumin during acute exercise. A total of 5 studies were selected. Methodological quality assessments were examined using the SYRCLE's risk-of-bias tool. Most studies have shown positive effects of curcumin supplementation in sedentary individuals undergoing acute physical exercise. Overall, participants supplemented with curcumin showed less muscle damage, reduced inflammation, and better muscle performance. The studies showed heterogeneous data and exhibited methodological limitations; therefore, further research is necessary to ensure curcumin supplementation benefits during acute and high-intensity physical exercises. Additionally, mechanistic and highly controlled studies are required to improve the quality of the evidence and to elucidate other possible mechanisms. This study is registered with Prospero number CRD42021262718.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Aparecida Dias
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Lívya Alves Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Stefany da Silva Paes
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Larissa Farias Monte
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Rômulo Dias Novaes
- Department of Structural Biology, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Ceres Mattos Della Lucia
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Tota Ł, Matejko B, Morawska-Tota M, Pilch W, Mrozińska S, Pałka T, Klupa T, Malecki MT. Changes in Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress Indicators and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor After Maximum-Intensity Exercise Assessing Aerobic Capacity in Males With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Physiol 2021; 12:672403. [PMID: 34426731 PMCID: PMC8379017 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.672403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), chronic hyperglycemia causes reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production. Exercise alters the oxidant-antioxidant balance. We evaluated the aerobic capacity and oxidant-antioxidant balance changes after maximum-intensity exercise in T1DM patients. The study involved 30 T1DM participants and 23 controls. The patients' average age was 23.4 ± 5.1 years, with a body mass index of 24.3 ± 3.1 kg m-2 and with satisfactory glycemic control. Among the controls, the respective values equaled 24.7 ± 2.9 years and 22.9 ± 2.1 kg m-2. Aerobic capacity was assessed with a treadmill test. Peak minute oxygen uptake was significantly lower in T1DM compared with the controls (44.7 ± 5.7 vs. 56.0 ± 7.3 mL kg-1 min-1). The total oxidant capacity measured by total oxidative status/total oxidative capacity (TOS/TOC) equaled 321.5 ± 151 μmol L-1 before and 380.1 ± 153 μmol L-1 after exercise in T1DM, and 164.1 ± 75 and 216.6 ± 75 μmol L-1 in the controls (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). A significant difference in the ratio of total antioxidant status/total antioxidant capacity (TAS/TAC) between the groups after the treadmill test was observed (p < 0.05). Nitrosative stress indicators where significantly higher in the T1DM group both before and after the exercise. In conclusion, diabetic patients demonstrated a lower aerobic capacity. The TOS/TOC and nitrosative stress indicators were significantly higher in T1DM before and after the test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Tota
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Matejko
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.,University Hospital in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Morawska-Tota
- Department of Sports Medicine and Human Nutrition, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wanda Pilch
- Institute of Basic Research, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sandra Mrozińska
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.,University Hospital in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pałka
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Klupa
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.,University Hospital in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej T Malecki
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.,University Hospital in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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Acute and Delayed Effects of Time-Matched Very Short "All Out" Efforts in Concentric vs. Eccentric Cycling. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157968. [PMID: 34360257 PMCID: PMC8345736 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To the authors' knowledge, there have been no studies comparing the acute responses to "all out" efforts in concentric (isoinertial) vs. eccentric (isovelocity) cycling. METHODS After two familiarization sessions, 12 physically active men underwent the experimental protocols consisting of a 2-min warm-up and 8 maximal efforts of 5 s, separated by 55 s of active recovery at 80 rpm, in concentric vs. eccentric cycling. Comparisons between protocols were conducted during, immediately after, and 24-h post-sessions. RESULTS Mechanical (Work: 82,824 ± 6350 vs. 60,602 ± 8904 J) and cardiometabolic responses (mean HR: 68.8 ± 6.6 vs. 51.3 ± 5.7% HRmax, lactate: 4.9 ± 2.1 vs. 1.8 ± 0.6 mmol/L) were larger in concentric cycling (p < 0.001). The perceptual responses to both protocols were similarly low. Immediately after concentric cycling, vertical jump was potentiated (p = 0.028). Muscle soreness (VAS; p = 0.016) and thigh circumference (p = 0.045) were slightly increased only 24-h after eccentric cycling. Serum concentrations of CK, BAG3, and MMP-13 did not change significantly post-exercise. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the appropriateness of the eccentric cycling protocol used as a time-efficient (i.e., ~60 kJ in 10 min) and safe (i.e., without exercise-induced muscle damage) alternative to be used with different populations in future longitudinal interventions.
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Bussulo SKD, Ferraz CR, Carvalho TT, Verri WA, Borghi SM. Redox interactions of immune cells and muscle in the regulation of exercise-induced pain and analgesia: implications on the modulation of muscle nociceptor sensory neurons. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:757-775. [PMID: 34238089 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1953696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic interactions among redox status of leukocytes, muscle, and exercise in pain regulation are still poorly understood and limit targeted treatment. Exercise benefits are numerous, including the treatment of chronic pain. However, unaccustomed exercise may be reported as undesirable as it may contribute to pain. The aim of the present review is to evaluate the relationship between oxidative metabolism and acute exercise-induced pain, and as to whether improved antioxidant capacity underpins the analgesic effects of regular exercise. Preclinical and clinical studies addressing relevant topics on mechanisms by which exercise modulates the nociceptive activity and how redox status can outline pain and analgesia are discussed, in sense of translating into refined outcomes. Emerging evidence points to the role of oxidative stress-induced signaling in sensitizing nociceptor sensory neurons. In response to acute exercise, there is an increase in oxidative metabolism, and consequently, pain. Instead, regular exercise can modulate redox status in favor of antioxidant capacity and repair mechanisms, which have consequently increased resistance to oxidative stress, damage, and pain. Data indicate that acute sessions of unaccustomed prolonged and/or intense exercise increase oxidative metabolism and regulate exercise-induced pain in the post-exercise recovery period. Further, evidence demonstrates regular exercise improves antioxidant status, indicating its therapeutic utility for chronic pain disorders. An improved comprehension of the role of redox status in exercise can provide helpful insights into immune-muscle communication during pain modulatory effects of exercise and support new therapeutic efforts and rationale for the promotion of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia K D Bussulo
- Center for Research in Health Sciences, University of Northern Paraná, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Camila R Ferraz
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Thacyana T Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Sergio M Borghi
- Center for Research in Health Sciences, University of Northern Paraná, Londrina, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Valladares-Ide D, Bravo MJ, Carvajal A, Araneda OF, Tuesta M, Reyes A, Peñailillo R, Peñailillo L. Changes in pulmonary and plasma oxidative stress and inflammation following eccentric and concentric cycling in stable COPD patients. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:1677-1688. [PMID: 33675423 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04652-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare pulmonary and plasma markers of oxidative stress and inflammation after concentric and eccentric cycling bouts in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS Ten patients with moderate COPD level (68.3 ± 9.1 years; forced expiratory volume in 1 s = 68.6 ± 20.4% of predicted) performed 30 min of moderate-intensity concentric (CONC-M: 50% maximum concentric cycling power output; POmax) and eccentric cycling (ECC-M: 50% POmax), and high-intensity eccentric cycling (ECC-H: 100% POmax) in a randomised order. Cardiometabolic demand was monitored during cycling. Indirect markers of muscle damage were assessed before, immediately after, 24 and 48 h after cycling (muscle strength, muscle soreness and creatine kinase activity). Plasma oxidative stress (malondialdehyde: MDA), antioxidant (glutathione peroxidase activity: GPx) and inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α) were measured before and 5 min after cycling. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples were collected before and 15 min after cycling and analysed for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitrites (NO2-) and pH. RESULTS Cardiometabolic demand was 40-50% lesser for ECC-M than CONC-M and ECC-H. Greater muscle damage was induced after ECC-H than ECC-M and CONC-M. MDA decreased immediately after CONC-M (- 28%), ECC-M (- 14%), and ECC-H (- 17%), while GPx remained unchanged. IL-6 increased only after ECC-H (28%), while TNF-α remained unchanged after exercise. Pulmonary H2O2, NO2- and pH remained unchanged after exercise. CONCLUSION These results suggest that only moderate muscle damage and inflammation were induced after high-intensity eccentric cycling, which did not induce pulmonary or plasmatic increases in markers of oxidative stress. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Trial registration number: DRKS00009755.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria José Bravo
- Exercise Science Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, School of Kinesiology, Universidad Finis Terrae, 1509 Pedro de Valdivia Av., Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana Carvajal
- Exercise Science Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, School of Kinesiology, Universidad Finis Terrae, 1509 Pedro de Valdivia Av., Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar F Araneda
- Laboratorio Integrativo de Biomecánica y Fisiologia del Esfuerzo (LIBFE), Escuela de Kinesiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Tuesta
- Escuela de Kinesiologia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad Andres Bello, Vina del Mar, Chile
| | - Alvaro Reyes
- Escuela de Kinesiologia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad Andres Bello, Vina del Mar, Chile
| | - Reyna Peñailillo
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Biomedical Research, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Peñailillo
- Exercise Science Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, School of Kinesiology, Universidad Finis Terrae, 1509 Pedro de Valdivia Av., Providencia, Santiago, Chile.
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Huang YC, Cheng ML, Tang HY, Huang CY, Chen KM, Wang JS. Eccentric Cycling Training Improves Erythrocyte Antioxidant and Oxygen Releasing Capacity Associated with Enhanced Anaerobic Glycolysis and Intracellular Acidosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020285. [PMID: 33668606 PMCID: PMC7918820 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant capacity of erythrocytes protects individuals against the harmful effects of oxidative stress. Despite improved hemodynamic efficiency, the effect of eccentric cycling training (ECT) on erythrocyte antioxidative capacity remains unclear. This study investigates how ECT affects erythrocyte antioxidative capacity and metabolism in sedentary males. Thirty-six sedentary healthy males were randomly assigned to either concentric cycling training (CCT, n = 12) or ECT (n = 12) at 60% of the maximal workload for 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks or to a control group (n = 12) that did not receive an exercise intervention. A graded exercise test (GXT) was performed before and after the intervention. Erythrocyte metabolic characteristics and O2 release capacity were determined by UPLC-MS and high-resolution respirometry, respectively. An acute GXT depleted Glutathione (GSH), accumulated Glutathione disulfide (GSSG), and elevated the GSSG/GSH ratio, whereas both CCT and ECT attenuated the extent of the elevated GSSG/GSH ratio caused by a GXT. Moreover, the two exercise regimens upregulated glycolysis and increased glucose consumption and lactate production, leading to intracellular acidosis and facilitation of O2 release from erythrocytes. Both CCT and ECT enhance antioxidative capacity against severe exercise-evoked circulatory oxidative stress. Moreover, the two exercise regimens activate erythrocyte glycolysis, resulting in lowered intracellular pH and enhanced O2 released from erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Huang
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan;
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-L.C.); (H.-Y.T.)
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yu Tang
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-L.C.); (H.-Y.T.)
| | - Chi-Yao Huang
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Medical Collage, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (K.-M.C.)
| | - Kuan-Ming Chen
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Medical Collage, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (K.-M.C.)
| | - Jong-Shyan Wang
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Medical Collage, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (K.-M.C.)
- Heart Failure Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-2118800 (ext. 5748); Fax: +886+886-3-2118700
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21
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Effect of Different Exercise Modalities on Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:1947928. [PMID: 33628774 PMCID: PMC7892233 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1947928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exercise-induced benefits are being increasingly recognized in promoting health and preventing diseases. However, initial adaption to exercise response can have different effects on cells, including an increase in the formation of oxidants and inflammatory mediators that ultimately leads to oxidative stress, but this scenario depends on the exercise type and intensity and training status of the individual. Therefore, we aimed to understand the effect of different types of exercise on oxidative stress. Indeed, exercise-induced minimum oxidative stress is required for regulating signaling pathways. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, a search for relevant articles was carried out on PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar using a broad range of synonyms such as oxidants, reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, exercise, physical training, aerobic exercise, and strength exercise until 2019. This study selected a total of 18 articles for assessing the oxidative damage using various parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PCO), and F1-isoprostanes and enzymatic antioxidants. We observed that any type of exercise can increase the oxidative damage in an exercise type and intensity manner. Further, the training status of the individual and specific oxidative damage marker plays a crucial role in predicting earlier oxidative damage in the exercise condition. However, some of the studies that we included for review did not perform follow-up evaluations. Therefore, follow-up programs using larger numbers need to be performed to confirm our findings.
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Kröpfl JM, Beltrami FG, Rehm M, Gruber HJ, Stelzer I, Spengler CM. Acute exercise-induced glycocalyx shedding does not differ between exercise modalities, but is associated with total antioxidative capacity. J Sci Med Sport 2021; 24:689-695. [PMID: 33632661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Regular physical exercise is known to protect endothelial integrity. It has been proposed that acute exercise-induced changes of the (anti-)oxidative system influence early (glycocalyx shedding) and sustained endothelial activation (shedding of endothelial cells, ECs) as well as endothelial-cell repair by circulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HPCs). However, results are not conclusive and data in trained participants performing different exercise modalities is lacking. DESIGN Eighteen healthy, well-trained participants (9 runners, 9 cyclists; age: 29.7 ± 4.2 yrs) performed a strenuous acute exercise session consisting of 4 bouts of 4-min high-intensity with decreasing power profile and 3-min low-intensity in-between. METHODS Average power/speed of intense phases was 85% of the peak achieved in a previous incremental test. Before and shortly after exercise, total oxidative and antioxidative capacities (TAC), shedding of syndecan-1, heparan sulfate, hyaluronan, ECs, and circulating HPCs were investigated. RESULTS TAC decreased from 1.81 ± 0.42 nmol/L to 1.47 ± 0.23 nmol/L post-exercise (p = 0.010) only in runners. Exercise-induced early and sustained endothelial activation were enhanced post-exercise- syndecan-1: 103.2 ± 63.3 ng/mL to 111.3 ± 71.3 ng/mL, heparan sulfate: from 2637.9 ± 800.1 ng/mL to 3197.1 ± 1416.3 ng/mL, both p < 0.05; hyaluronan: 84.3 ± 21.8 ng/mL to 121.4 ± 29.4 ng/mL, ECs: from 6.6 ± 4.5 cells/μL to 9.5 ± 6.2 cells/μL, both p < 0.01; results were not different between exercise modalities and negatively related to TAC concentrations post-exercise. HPC proportions and self-renewal ability were negatively, while EC concentrations were positively associated with circulating hyaluronan concentrations. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the importance of the antioxidative system to prevent the endothelium from acute exercise-induced vascular injury - independent of exercise modality - in well-trained participants. Endothelial-cell repair is associated with hyluronan signaling, possibly a similar mechanism as in wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Kröpfl
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fernando G Beltrami
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Rehm
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Gruber
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Ingeborg Stelzer
- Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, LKH Hochsteiermark, Austria
| | - Christina M Spengler
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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Touron J, Costes F, Coudeyre E, Perrault H, Richard R. Aerobic Metabolic Adaptations in Endurance Eccentric Exercise and Training: From Whole Body to Mitochondria. Front Physiol 2021; 11:596351. [PMID: 33584331 PMCID: PMC7873519 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.596351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A characteristic feature of eccentric as compared with concentric exercise is the ability to generate greater mechanical loads for lower cardiopulmonary demands. Current evidence concurs to show that eccentric training translates into considerable gains in muscle mass and strength. Less is known, however, regarding its impact on oxygen transport and on factors to be considered for optimizing its prescription and monitoring. This article reviews the existing evidence for endurance eccentric exercise effects on the components of the oxygen transport system from systemic to mitochondria in both humans and animals. In the studies reviewed, specially designed cycle-ergometers or downhill treadmill running were used to generate eccentric contractions. Observations to date indicate that overall, the aerobic demand associated with the eccentric training load was too low to significantly increase peak maximal oxygen consumption. By extension, it can be inferred that the very high eccentric power output that would have been required to solicit a metabolic demand sufficient to enhance peak aerobic power could not be tolerated or sustained by participants. The impact of endurance eccentric training on peripheral flow distribution remains largely undocumented. Given the high damage susceptibility of eccentric exercise, the extent to which skeletal muscle oxygen utilization adaptations would be seen depends on the balance of adverse and positive signals on mitochondrial integrity. The article examines the protection provided by repeated bouts of acute eccentric exercise and reports on the impact of eccentric cycling and downhill running training programs on markers of mitochondrial function and of mitochondrial biogenesis using mostly from animal studies. The summary of findings does not reveal an impact of training on skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration nor on selected mitochondrial messenger RNA transcripts. The implications of observations to date are discussed within future perspectives for advancing research on endurance eccentric exercise physiological impacts and using a combined eccentric and concentric exercise approach to optimize functional capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne Touron
- UCA–INRAE, Human Nutrition Unit, ASMS Team, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Costes
- UCA–INRAE, Human Nutrition Unit, ASMS Team, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service de Médecine du Sport et des Explorations Fonctionnelles, CHU Gabriel Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emmanuel Coudeyre
- UCA–INRAE, Human Nutrition Unit, ASMS Team, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, CHU Gabriel Montpied/CHU Louise Michel, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hélène Perrault
- Respiratory Division, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ruddy Richard
- UCA–INRAE, Human Nutrition Unit, ASMS Team, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service de Médecine du Sport et des Explorations Fonctionnelles, CHU Gabriel Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Unité d’Exploration en Nutrition (UEN), CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Can Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage Be a Good Model for the Investigation of the Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Diet in Humans? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9010036. [PMID: 33466327 PMCID: PMC7824757 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Subclinical, low-grade, inflammation is one of the main pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the majority of chronic and non-communicable diseases. Several methodological approaches have been applied for the assessment of the anti-inflammatory properties of nutrition, however, their impact in human body remains uncertain, because of the fact that the majority of the studies reporting anti-inflammatory effect of dietary patterns, have been performed under laboratory settings and/or in animal models. Thus, the extrapolation of these results to humans is risky. It is therefore obvious that the development of an inflammatory model in humans, by which we could induce inflammatory responses to humans in a regulated, specific, and non-harmful way, could greatly facilitate the estimation of the anti-inflammatory properties of diet in a more physiological way and mechanistically relevant way. We believe that exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) could serve as such a model, either in studies investigating the homeostatic responses of individuals under inflammatory stimuli or for the estimation of the anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory potential of dietary patterns, foods, supplements, nutrients, or phytochemicals. Thus, in this review we discuss the possibility of exercise-induced muscle damage being an inflammation model suitable for the assessment of the anti-inflammatory properties of diet in humans.
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Barreto RV, de Lima LCR, Denadai BS. Moving forward with backward pedaling: a review on eccentric cycling. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 121:381-407. [PMID: 33180156 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a profound gap in the understanding of the eccentric cycling intensity continuum, which prevents accurate exercise prescription based on desired physiological responses. This may underestimate the applicability of eccentric cycling for different training purposes. Thus, we aimed to summarize recent research findings and screen for possible new approaches in the prescription and investigation of eccentric cycling. METHOD A search for the most relevant and state-of-the-art literature on eccentric cycling was conducted on the PubMed database. Literature from reference lists was also included when relevant. RESULTS Transversal studies present comparisons between physiological responses to eccentric and concentric cycling, performed at the same absolute power output or metabolic load. Longitudinal studies evaluate responses to eccentric cycling training by comparing them with concentric cycling and resistance training outcomes. Only one study investigated maximal eccentric cycling capacity and there are no investigations on physiological thresholds and/or exercise intensity domains during eccentric cycling. No study investigated different protocols of eccentric cycling training and the chronic effects of different load configurations. CONCLUSION Describing physiological responses to eccentric cycling based on its maximal exercise capacity may be a better way to understand it. The available evidence indicates that clinical populations may benefit from improvements in aerobic power/capacity, exercise tolerance, strength and muscle mass, while healthy and trained individuals may require different eccentric cycling training approaches to benefit from similar improvements. There is limited evidence regarding the mechanisms of acute physiological and chronic adaptive responses to eccentric cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Vieira Barreto
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Benedito Sérgio Denadai
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Pasdar Y, Hamzeh B, Moradi S, Cheshmeh S, Najafi F, Moradinazar M, Shamsi MB, Shakiba E. Better muscle strength can decrease the risk of arthralgia and back &joint stiffness in Kurdish men; a cross-sectional study using data from RaNCD cohort study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:686. [PMID: 33066753 PMCID: PMC7568357 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03712-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Musculoskeletal disorders can reduce the quality of life and work capacity. The study assessed handgrip strength (HGS) in relation to low back pain and arthralgia in Kurdish men. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from Ravansar non-communicable diseases (RaNCD) cohort study on 2164 men aged 35–65 years. HGS was measured using a hand-held hydraulic handgrip dynamometer. Low back pain, arthralgia, and joint stiffness were evaluated by the RaNCD cohort study physician using a standard questionnaire. Results The results showed that 21.39 and 24.58% of studied participants had low back pain and arthralgia, respectively. Among the participants with low back pain, 14.5% had back stiffness, and among those with arthralgia, 12.8% had joint stiffness. The mean of HGS in participants with arthralgia and back & joint stiffness was significantly less than those without these disorders (P < 0.001, P = 0.05, and P = 0.005, respectively). Multiple-adjusted OR and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for arthralgia and back and joint stiffness across muscle strength showed the HGS increase to be associated with a lower risk of arthralgia and back &joint stiffness, but not low back pain. Conclusions Higher HGS was associated with a lower risk of arthralgia and back & joint stiffness. However, there was no association between HGS and low back pain. Exercise and adherence to proper nutrition are suggested to enhance muscle strength in order to reduce musculoskeletal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Pasdar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Behrooz Hamzeh
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Environmental Determinates of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shima Moradi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Sahar Cheshmeh
- Student of Research Committee, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- School of Public Health, Communing Developmental and Health Promotion Research center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehdi Moradinazar
- Behavioral Disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Shamsi
- Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Shakiba
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Souissi W, Bouzid MA, Farjallah MA, Ben Mahmoud L, Boudaya M, Engel FA, Sahnoun Z. Effect of Different Running Exercise Modalities on Post-Exercise Oxidative Stress Markers in Trained Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3729. [PMID: 32466187 PMCID: PMC7277356 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of running exercise modality on oxidative stress. Thirteen endurance athletes (age: 21.46 ± 0.66 years) performed three different running exercise modalities (Continuous running exercise (CR): continuous running exercise at 75% of VO2max for 25 min; intermittent running exercise #1 (15/15): intermittent running protocol, 15 s running at 75% of VO2max, 15 s passive recovery, performed for 50 min; intermittent running exercise #2 (30/30): intermittent running protocol, 30 s running at 75% of VO2max, 30 s passive recovery, performed for 50 min) in a randomized order. Blood samples were drawn at rest and immediately after each running exercise and assessed for malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities. MDA increased by 55% following 30/30 exercise (p < 0.01), while it remained unchanged with CR and15/15 exercise. SOD increased after CR (+13.9%, p < 0.05), and also remained unchanged after 15/15 (p > 0.05) and decreased after 30/30 (-19.7% p < 0.05). GPX and AOPP did not change after exercise in all experimental sessions (p > 0.05). In conclusion, 30/30 intermittent running induced higher lipid damages than the 15/15 and CR exercise. 15/15 intermittent exercise promoted a better balance between free radicals production and antioxidant defense compared to continuous exercise and intermittent 30/30 exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajdi Souissi
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (W.S.); (M.A.B.); (M.A.F.)
- Research Center on Sport and Movement (Centre de Recherchessur le Sport et le Mouvement, CeRSM), UPL, Université Paris Nanterre, UFR STAPS, F-92000 Nanterre, France
| | - Mohamed Amine Bouzid
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (W.S.); (M.A.B.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Mohamed Amine Farjallah
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (W.S.); (M.A.B.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Lobna Ben Mahmoud
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (L.B.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Mariem Boudaya
- Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU HediChaker, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
| | - Florian A. Engel
- Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Sport Science, Bundeswehr University Munich, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Zouheir Sahnoun
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (L.B.M.); (Z.S.)
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Faria FR, Gomes AC, Antunes A, Rezende KR, Pimentel GD, Oliveira CLP, Antunes BM, Lira FS, Aoki MS, Mota JF. Effects of turmeric extract supplementation on inflammation and muscle damage after a half-marathon race: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:1531-1540. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Comparison between high- and low-intensity eccentric cycling of equal mechanical work for muscle damage and the repeated bout effect. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:1015-1025. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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