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Kashirina DN, Pastushkova LK, Goncharova AG, Larina IM. Assessment of the effect of 21-day head-down bed rest on the cardiovascular system by blood protein composition. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1375929. [PMID: 38966226 PMCID: PMC11222959 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1375929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Head-down bed rest (HDBR) is one of the models of the physiological effects of weightlessness used, among other things, to assess the effect of hypokinesia on the physiological systems of the human body and, first of all, on the cardiovascular system. The aim of the work was to study the effect of 21 days of HDBR factors on the cardiovascular system based on blood proteomic profile data. It was revealed that HDBR conditions led to an increase in the levels of proteins of the complement and the coagulation cascade systems, platelet degranulation, fibrinolysis, acute phase proteins, post-translational modification of proteins, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), apolipoprotein B, which are associated with cardiovascular diseases, and other proteins that affect the functions of endothelial cells. Blood levels of proteins involved in cytoskeletal remodelling, oxygen transport, heme catabolism, etc. have been shown to decrease during HDBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria N. Kashirina
- SSC RF–Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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2
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Rabineau J, Issertine M, Hoffmann F, Gerlach D, Caiani EG, Haut B, van de Borne P, Tank J, Migeotte PF. Cardiovascular deconditioning and impact of artificial gravity during 60-day head-down bed rest—Insights from 4D flow cardiac MRI. Front Physiol 2022; 13:944587. [PMID: 36277205 PMCID: PMC9586290 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.944587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Microgravity has deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system. We evaluated some parameters of blood flow and vascular stiffness during 60 days of simulated microgravity in head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest. We also tested the hypothesis that daily exposure to 30 min of artificial gravity (1 g) would mitigate these adaptations. 24 healthy subjects (8 women) were evenly distributed in three groups: continuous artificial gravity, intermittent artificial gravity, or control. 4D flow cardiac MRI was acquired in horizontal position before (−9 days), during (5, 21, and 56 days), and after (+4 days) the HDT period. The false discovery rate was set at 0.05. The results are presented as median (first quartile; third quartile). No group or group × time differences were observed so the groups were combined. At the end of the HDT phase, we reported a decrease in the stroke volume allocated to the lower body (−30% [−35%; −22%]) and the upper body (−20% [−30%; +11%]), but in different proportions, reflected by an increased share of blood flow towards the upper body. The aortic pulse wave velocity increased (+16% [+9%; +25%]), and so did other markers of arterial stiffness (CAVI; CAVI0). In males, the time-averaged wall shear stress decreased (−13% [−17%; −5%]) and the relative residence time increased (+14% [+5%; +21%]), while these changes were not observed among females. Most of these parameters tended to or returned to baseline after 4 days of recovery. The effects of the artificial gravity countermeasure were not visible. We recommend increasing the load factor, the time of exposure, or combining it with physical exercise. The changes in blood flow confirmed the different adaptations occurring in the upper and lower body, with a larger share of blood volume dedicated to the upper body during (simulated) microgravity. The aorta appeared stiffer during the HDT phase, however all the changes remained subclinical and probably the sole consequence of reversible functional changes caused by reduced blood flow. Interestingly, some wall shear stress markers were more stable in females than in males. No permanent cardiovascular adaptations following 60 days of HDT bed rest were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Rabineau
- LPHYS, Département de Cardiologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- TIPs, École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Jeremy Rabineau,
| | - Margot Issertine
- LPHYS, Département de Cardiologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabian Hoffmann
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Darius Gerlach
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Enrico G. Caiani
- Electronic, Information and Biomedical Engineering Department, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Benoit Haut
- TIPs, École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Jens Tank
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
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Hedge ET, Patterson CA, Mastrandrea CJ, Sonjak V, Hajj-Boutros G, Faust A, Morais JA, Hughson RL. Implementation of exercise countermeasures during spaceflight and microgravity analogue studies: Developing countermeasure protocols for bedrest in older adults (BROA). Front Physiol 2022; 13:928313. [PMID: 36017336 PMCID: PMC9395735 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.928313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in the development of countermeasures to attenuate the negative consequences of prolonged exposure to microgravity on astronauts’ bodies. Deconditioning of several organ systems during flight includes losses to cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle mass, bone density and strength. Similar deconditioning also occurs during prolonged bedrest; any protracted time immobile or inactive, especially for unwell older adults (e.g., confined to hospital beds), can lead to similar detrimental health consequences. Due to limitations in physiological research in space, the six-degree head-down tilt bedrest protocol was developed as ground-based analogue to spaceflight. A variety of exercise countermeasures have been tested as interventions to limit detrimental changes and physiological deconditioning of the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems. The Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Canadian Space Agency recently provided funding for research focused on Understanding the Health Impact of Inactivity to study the efficacy of exercise countermeasures in a 14-day randomized clinical trial of six-degree head-down tilt bedrest study in older adults aged 55–65 years old (BROA). Here we will describe the development of a multi-modality countermeasure protocol for the BROA campaign that includes upper- and lower-body resistance exercise and head-down tilt cycle ergometry (high-intensity interval and continuous aerobic exercise training). We provide reasoning for the choice of these modalities following review of the latest available information on exercise as a countermeasure for inactivity and spaceflight-related deconditioning. In summary, this paper sets out to review up-to-date exercise countermeasure research from spaceflight and head-down bedrest studies, whilst providing support for the proposed research countermeasure protocols developed for the bedrest study in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T. Hedge
- Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Vita Sonjak
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Guy Hajj-Boutros
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Andréa Faust
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - José A. Morais
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard L. Hughson
- Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Richard L. Hughson,
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Hoffmann F, Rabineau J, Mehrkens D, Gerlach DA, Moestl S, Johannes BW, Caiani EG, Migeotte PF, Jordan J, Tank J. Cardiac adaptations to 60 day head-down-tilt bed rest deconditioning. Findings from the AGBRESA study. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 8:729-744. [PMID: 33191629 PMCID: PMC7835618 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Reduced physical activity increases the risk of heart failure; however, non‐invasive methodologies detecting subclinical changes in myocardial function are not available. We hypothesized that myocardial, left ventricular, systolic strain measurements could capture subtle abnormalities in myocardial function secondary to physical inactivity. Methods and results In the AGBRESA study, which assessed artificial gravity through centrifugation as potential countermeasure for space travel, 24 healthy persons (eight women) were submitted to 60 day strict −6° head‐down‐tilt bed rest. Participants were assigned to three groups of eight subjects: a control group, continuous artificial gravity training on a short‐arm centrifuge (30 min/day), or intermittent centrifugation (6 × 5 min/day). We assessed cardiac morphology, function, strain, and haemodynamics by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and echocardiography. We observed no differences between groups and, therefore, conducted a pooled analysis. Consistent with deconditioning, resting heart rate (∆8.3 ± 6.3 b.p.m., P < 0.0001), orthostatic heart rate responses (∆22.8 ± 19.7 b.p.m., P < 0.0001), and diastolic blood pressure (∆8.8 ± 6.6 mmHg, P < 0.0001) increased, whereas cardiac output (∆−0.56 ± 0.94 L/min, P = 0.0096) decreased during bed rest. Left ventricular mass index obtained by MRI did not change. Echocardiographic left ventricular, systolic, global longitudinal strain (∆1.8 ± 1.83%, P < 0.0001) decreased, whereas left ventricular, systolic, global MRI circumferential strain increased not significantly (∆−0.68 ± 1.85%, P = 0.0843). MRI values rapidly returned to baseline during recovery. Conclusion Prolonged head‐down‐tilt bed rest provokes changes in cardiac function, particularly strain measurements, that appear functional rather than mediated through cardiac remodelling. Thus, strain measurements are of limited utility in assessing influences of physical deconditioning or exercise interventions on cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Hoffmann
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Dennis Mehrkens
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Darius A Gerlach
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Moestl
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd W Johannes
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Enrico G Caiani
- Department of Electronics, Information and Biomedical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Electronics and Information and Telecommunication Engineering, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Jens Jordan
- Head of the Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Tank
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
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Rabineau J, Hossein A, Landreani F, Haut B, Mulder E, Luchitskaya E, Tank J, Caiani EG, van de Borne P, Migeotte PF. Cardiovascular adaptation to simulated microgravity and countermeasure efficacy assessed by ballistocardiography and seismocardiography. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17694. [PMID: 33077727 PMCID: PMC7573608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74150-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Head-down bed rest (HDBR) reproduces the cardiovascular effects of microgravity. We tested the hypothesis that regular high-intensity physical exercise (JUMP) could prevent this cardiovascular deconditioning, which could be detected using seismocardiography (SCG) and ballistocardiography (BCG). 23 healthy males were exposed to 60-day HDBR: 12 in a physical exercise group (JUMP), the others in a control group (CTRL). SCG and BCG were measured during supine controlled breathing protocols. From the linear and rotational SCG/BCG signals, the integral of kinetic energy ([Formula: see text]) was computed on each dimension over the cardiac cycle. At the end of HDBR, BCG rotational [Formula: see text] and SCG transversal [Formula: see text] decreased similarly for all participants (- 40% and - 44%, respectively, p < 0.05), and so did orthostatic tolerance (- 58%, p < 0.01). Resting heart rate decreased in JUMP (- 10%, p < 0.01), but not in CTRL. BCG linear [Formula: see text] decreased in CTRL (- 50%, p < 0.05), but not in JUMP. The changes in the systolic component of BCG linear iK were correlated to those in stroke volume and VO2 max (R = 0.44 and 0.47, respectively, p < 0.05). JUMP was less affected by cardiovascular deconditioning, which could be detected by BCG in agreement with standard markers of the cardiovascular condition. This shows the potential of BCG to easily monitor cardiac deconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Rabineau
- LPHYS, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. .,TIPs, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Amin Hossein
- LPHYS, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Federica Landreani
- Electronic, Information and Biomedical Engineering Department, Politecnico Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Benoit Haut
- TIPs, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Edwin Mulder
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Elena Luchitskaya
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Jens Tank
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Enrico G Caiani
- Electronic, Information and Biomedical Engineering Department, Politecnico Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Philippe van de Borne
- Department of Cardiology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Kashirina DN, Brzhozovskiy AG, Pastushkova LK, Kononikhin AS, Borchers CH, Nikolaev EN, Larina IM. Semiquantitative Proteomic Research of Protein Plasma Profile of Volunteers in 21-Day Head-Down Bed Rest. Front Physiol 2020; 11:678. [PMID: 32848806 PMCID: PMC7396636 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daria N Kashirina
- Institute of Biomedical Problems-Russian Federation State Scientific Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander G Brzhozovskiy
- Institute of Biomedical Problems-Russian Federation State Scientific Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,CDISE, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ludmila Kh Pastushkova
- Institute of Biomedical Problems-Russian Federation State Scientific Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey S Kononikhin
- Institute of Biomedical Problems-Russian Federation State Scientific Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,CDISE, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Christoph H Borchers
- CDISE, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia.,Department Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Irina M Larina
- Institute of Biomedical Problems-Russian Federation State Scientific Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Guinet P, MacNamara JP, Berry M, Larcher F, Bareille MP, Custaud MA, Pavy-Le Traon A, Levine BD, Navasiolava N. MNX (Medium Duration Nutrition and Resistance-Vibration Exercise) Bed-Rest: Effect of Resistance Vibration Exercise Alone or Combined With Whey Protein Supplementation on Cardiovascular System in 21-Day Head-Down Bed Rest. Front Physiol 2020; 11:812. [PMID: 32765296 PMCID: PMC7378749 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current inflight countermeasures do not completely prevent bone and cardiovascular changes induced by microgravity. High load Resistance Exercise combined with whole body Vibration (RVE) demonstrated benefits on bone and cardiovascular system during previous Head-Down Bed Rest (HDBR) studies. We examined the effectiveness of RVE alone or combined with a nutritional supplementation of Whey protein (NeX) on cardiovascular deconditioning. Eight male subjects (age 34 ± 8 years) in a crossover design completed three 21-day HDBR campaigns (Control-CON, RVE, and NeX). Pre and post HDBR Orthostatic Tolerance (OT) was evaluated by a 15-min head-up tilt test followed by increasing levels of Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP). Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and Sympathetic Index (ΣI) through spectral analysis were measured during OT test. Plasma Volume (PV), and Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO2max) were measured before and after each campaign. Left ventricular mass, left ventricular end diastolic (LVEDV), end systolic (LVESV), stroke (SV) volumes, and circumferential deformation at rest and during an orthostatic stress simulated by a 30 mmHg LBNP were measured by cardiac MRI. RVE failed to prevent any change in these variables and NeX did not have any additional effect over exercise alone. In the 3 groups, (1) OT time dropped similarly (bed rest p < 0.001), (2) HR and ΣI were increased at rest at the end of HDBR and HR increased markedly during LBNP-tilt test, with inability to increase further the ΣI, (3) PV dropped (bed rest p < 0.001), along with LVEDV, LVESV and SV (p = 0.08, p < 0.001, and p = 0.045, respectively), (4) Left ventricle mass did not change significantly, (5) Deformation of the heart assessed by global circumferential strain was preserved and early diastolic circumferential strain rate was increased during orthostatic stress at the end of HDBR, illustrating preserved systolic and diastolic function respectively, without any difference between groups. Despite the drop in PV and LV volumes, RVE and NeX tended to alleviate the decrease in VO2max. In conclusion, RVE and NeX failed to prevent the cardiovascular deconditioning induced by a 21 day-HDBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Guinet
- Département d’Anesthésie Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre Hospitalier de Fougères, Fougères, France
| | - James Patrick MacNamara
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | | | - Françoise Larcher
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Marc-Antoine Custaud
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Angers, Angers, France
- Mitovasc UMR INSERM 1083-CNRS 6015, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Anne Pavy-Le Traon
- Department of Neurology, French Reference Center for MSA, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases INSERM U 1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Benjamin D. Levine
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Nastassia Navasiolava
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Angers, Angers, France
- Mitovasc UMR INSERM 1083-CNRS 6015, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
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