1
|
Li F, Tu YT, Yeh HC, Ho CA, Yang CP, Kuo YC, Ho CS. Feasibility of predicting maximal oxygen uptake by using the efficiency factor in healthy men. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16760. [PMID: 37798330 PMCID: PMC10556004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventionally, efficiency is indirectly estimated through a respiratory gas analyser (oxygen, carbon dioxide), which is a complex and rather costly calculation method that is difficult to perform in many situations. Therefore, the present study proposed a modified definition of efficiency, called the efficiency factor (EF) (i.e., the ratio of work to the corresponding exercise intensity), and evaluated the relation between the EF and maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]), as well as compared the prediction models established based on the EF. The heart rate (maximal heart rate: 186 ± 6 beats min-1), rating of perceived exertion (19 ± 1), and [Formula: see text] (39.0 ± 7.1 mL kg-1 min-1) of 150 healthy men (age: 20 ± 2 years; height: 175.0 ± 6.0 cm; weight: 73.6 ± 10.7 kg; body mass index [BMI]: 24.0 ± 3.0 kg m-2; percent body fat [PBF]: 17.0 ± 5.7%) were measured during the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Through multiple linear regression analysis, we established the BMI model using age and BMI as parameters. Additionally, we created the PBF modelHRR utilizing weight, PBF, and heart rate reserve (HRR) and developed PBF modelEF6 and PBF modelEF7 by incorporating EF6 from the exercise stage 6 and EF7 from the exercise stage 7 during the CPET, respectively. EF6 (r = 0.32, p = 0.001) and EF7 (r = 0.31, p = 0.002) were significantly related to [Formula: see text]. Among the models, the PBF modelEF6 showed the highest accuracy, which could explain 62.6% of the variance in the [Formula: see text] at with a standard error of estimate (SEE) of 4.39 mL kg-1 min-1 (%SEE = 11.25%, p < 0.001). These results indicated that the EF is a significant predictor of [Formula: see text], and compared to the other models, the PBF modelEF6 is the best model for estimating [Formula: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- School of Physical Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Postdoctoral Research Mobile Station of Physical Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Tsai Tu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, Guishan District, National Taiwan Sport University, No. 250, Wenhua 1st Rd., Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei City Hospital, Zhengzhou Branch, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chih Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, Guishan District, National Taiwan Sport University, No. 250, Wenhua 1st Rd., Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-An Ho
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, Guishan District, National Taiwan Sport University, No. 250, Wenhua 1st Rd., Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Pang Yang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, Guishan District, National Taiwan Sport University, No. 250, Wenhua 1st Rd., Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chen Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, Guishan District, National Taiwan Sport University, No. 250, Wenhua 1st Rd., Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Shan Ho
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, Guishan District, National Taiwan Sport University, No. 250, Wenhua 1st Rd., Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Andersson H, Caspers A, Godhe M, Helge T, Eriksen J, Fransson D, Börjesson M, Ekblom-Bak E. Walking football for Health - physiological response to playing and characteristics of the players. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37632297 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2023.2249426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Walking Football (WF) is one type of recreational football increasing in popularity, targeting older adults. Further knowledge on the intensity and physical workload of WF, characteristics of the players, the social context, and reasons for playing WF is needed. Thus, the aim of the study was to characterize the individuals that regularly play WF and their experience of WF, and the physiological characteristics of the sport. Sixty-three players from three clubs taking part in organised WF in Sweden were included. The players participated in up to four WF-games and underwent performance tests and answered a questionnaire. The participants mean age was 70.9 years, ranging from 63 to 85 years with 71% (n = 27) of the men and 68% (n = 13) of the women having a BMI > 25. Fifty-one percent (n = 27) of the players had hypertension, and 73% (n = 39) regularly used prescription drugs due to illness. During WF, the players covered on average 2,409 m (2,509 m for men and 2,205 m for women, p = .001). Expressed in percentage of their age-estimated maximal heart rate, mean heart rate represented 80 ± 9 and 80 ± 8% of max for men, and 78 ± 9 and 79 ± 9% of max for women in the first and second halves, respectively, hence WF can be considered a moderate intensity activity for older adults. The main reason for WF participation was to socialize. WF includes a considerable number of accelerations and decelerations, making it more energetically and mechanically demanding than walking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Andersson
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section of Sports Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Caspers
- Center for Health and Performance, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Manne Godhe
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Helge
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julia Eriksen
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics and Acute Medicine, Östra Sjukhuset, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dan Fransson
- Center for Health and Performance, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Börjesson
- Center for Health and Performance, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics and Acute Medicine, Östra Sjukhuset, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Academy, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Elin Ekblom-Bak
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schultz SA, Byers J, Benzinger TLS, Reeds D, Vlassenko AG, Cade WT, Goyal MS. Comparison of the Ekblom-Bak Submaximal Test to a Maximal Test in a Cohort of Healthy Younger and Older Adults in the United States. Front Physiol 2020; 11:550285. [PMID: 33240095 PMCID: PMC7677573 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.550285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is routinely investigated in diverse populations, including in older adults of varying physical activity levels. Commonly performed maximal exercise testing protocols might be contraindicated and/or inadequate for older individuals who have physical or cognitive impairment. Moreover, early termination of an attempted maximal exercise test could result in underestimation of CRF in this population. The goal of the current study was to compare CRF estimates using the Ekblom-Bak (EB) submaximal exercise test - previously validated in a cohort of Scandinavian adults - versus a subsequent maximal exercise test in a diverse, Midwestern United States cohort. Fifteen generally healthy individuals were included in this study who were either "Young" (25-34 years old) or "Older" (55-75 years old) as well as either sedentary or highly active. Participants completed the EB submaximal exercise test, followed immediately by a maximal exercise test. We found that all 15 individuals were able to successfully perform the EB submaximal testing method. Across the wide range of volumes of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max; 12-52 ml/kg/min), the EB submaximal estimates of VO2max correlated highly with the maximal test based values (Pearson's r = 0.98), but with a small bias (6 ml/kg/min, 95% limits of agreement -1.06 and -11.29). Our results suggest that the EB submaximal testing method may be useful in identifying wide differences in CRF among a diverse cohort of older adults in the United States, but larger studies will be needed to determine the degree of its accuracy and precision in identifying smaller differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Schultz
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jennifer Byers
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Tammie L. S. Benzinger
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Dominic Reeds
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Andrei G. Vlassenko
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - W. Todd Cade
- Program in Physical Therapy and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Manu S. Goyal
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nguyen‐Truong M, Liu W, Boon J, Nelson B, Easley J, Monnet E, Wang Z. Establishment of adult right ventricle failure in ovine using a graded, animal-specific pulmonary artery constriction model. Animal Model Exp Med 2020; 3:182-192. [PMID: 32613177 PMCID: PMC7323700 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Right ventricle failure (RVF) is associated with serious cardiac and pulmonary diseases that contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of patients. Currently, the mechanisms of RVF are not fully understood and it is partly due to the lack of large animal models in adult RVF. In this study, we aim to establish a model of RVF in adult ovine and examine the structure and function relations in the RV. METHODS RV pressure overload was induced in adult male sheep by revised pulmonary artery constriction (PAC). Briefly, an adjustable hydraulic occluder was placed around the main pulmonary artery trunk. Then, repeated saline injection was performed at weeks 0, 1, and 4, where the amount of saline was determined in an animal-specific manner. Healthy, age-matched male sheep were used as additional controls. Echocardiography was performed bi-weekly and on week 11 post-PAC, hemodynamic and biological measurements were obtained. RESULTS This PAC methodology resulted in a marked increase in RV systolic pressure and decreases in stroke volume and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, indicating signs of RVF. Significant increases in RV chamber size, wall thickness, and Fulton's index were observed. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and collagen accumulation (particularly type III collagen) were evident, and these structural changes were correlated with RV dysfunction. CONCLUSION In summary, the animal-specific, repeated PAC provided a robust approach to induce adult RVF, and this ovine model will offer a useful tool to study the progression and treatment of adult RVF that is translatable to human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- School of Biomedical EngineeringColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - June Boon
- Veterinary Teaching HospitalColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Brad Nelson
- Veterinary Teaching HospitalColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Jeremiah Easley
- Veterinary Teaching HospitalColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
- Department of Clinical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Eric Monnet
- Veterinary Teaching HospitalColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
- Department of Clinical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Zhijie Wang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| |
Collapse
|