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Wirthgen E, Hornschuh M, Wrobel IM, Manteuffel C, Däbritz J. Mimicking of Blood Flow Results in a Distinct Functional Phenotype in Human Non-Adherent Classical Monocytes. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080748. [PMID: 34439980 PMCID: PMC8389597 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Monocytes are immune cells of increasing interest as cellular-based therapeutic products in inflammation-related diseases. The underlying mechanism is that isolated monocytes are modified outside the body. After re-injection, monocytes are recruited to the site of inflammation, exerting their therapeutic effect. One current challenge is that isolated monocytes rapidly lose migratory capacity during culture, limiting their therapeutic efficacy. During suspension culture, mimicking blood flow has been shown to preserve the migratory capacity. However, the effects on the inflammatory response and other functional properties have not been studied so far. Hence, the present study investigates the effect of shear flow on cytokine secretion and selected features of human blood-derived classical monocytes. Our results demonstrate that mimicking blood flow resulted in a distinct phenotype with an anti-inflammatory cytokine response and a higher migratory capacity than cultured under static conditions. These features could be particularly relevant for further developing monocyte-based products as unwanted inflammatory signaling at the injection site or peripheral blood circulation will be attenuated. Abstract Ex vivo culture conditions during the manufacturing process impact the therapeutic effect of cell-based products. Mimicking blood flow during ex vivo culture of monocytes has beneficial effects by preserving their migratory ability. However, the effects of shear flow on the inflammatory response have not been studied so far. Hence, the present study investigates the effects of shear flow on both blood-derived naïve and activated monocytes. The activation of monocytes was experimentally induced by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which acts as a pro-survival and growth factor on monocytes with a potential role in inflammation. Monocytes were cultured under dynamic (=shear flow) or static conditions while preventing monocytes’ adherence by using cell-repellent surfaces to avoid adhesion-induced differentiation. After cultivation (40 h), cell size, viability, and cytokine secretion were evaluated, and the cells were further applied to functional tests on their migratory capacity, adherence, and metabolic activity. Our results demonstrate that the application of shear flow resulted in a decreased pro-inflammatory signaling concurrent with increased secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and increased migratory capacity. These features may improve the efficacy of monocyte-based therapeutic products as both the unwanted inflammatory signaling in blood circulation and the loss of migratory ability will be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Wirthgen
- Mucosal Immunology Group, Department of Pediatrics, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (M.H.); (J.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)381-494-7076
| | - Melanie Hornschuh
- Mucosal Immunology Group, Department of Pediatrics, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (M.H.); (J.D.)
| | - Ida Maria Wrobel
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Christian Manteuffel
- Institute of Behavioral Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany;
| | - Jan Däbritz
- Mucosal Immunology Group, Department of Pediatrics, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (M.H.); (J.D.)
- Center for Immunobiology, The Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University, London E1 4NS, UK
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Wagner M, Koester H, Deffge C, Weinert S, Lauf J, Francke A, Lee J, Braun-Dullaeus RC, Herold J. Isolation and intravenous injection of murine bone marrow derived monocytes. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 25591000 DOI: 10.3791/52347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
As a subtype of leukocytes and progenitors of macrophages, monocytes are involved in many important processes of organisms and are often the subject of various fields in biomedical science. The method described below is a simple and effective way to isolate murine monocytes from heterogeneous bone marrow. Bone marrow from the femur and tibia of Balb/c mice is harvested by flushing with phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Cell suspension is supplemented with macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and cultured on ultra-low attachment surfaces to avoid adhesion-triggered differentiation of monocytes. The properties and differentiation of monocytes are characterized at various intervals. Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), with markers like CD11b, CD115, and F4/80, is used for phenotyping. At the end of cultivation, the suspension consists of 45%± 12% monocytes. By removing adhesive macrophages, the purity can be raised up to 86%± 6%. After the isolation, monocytes can be utilized in various ways, and one of the most effective and common methods for in vivo delivery is intravenous tail vein injection. This technique of isolation and application is important for mouse model studies, especially in the fields of inflammation or immunology. Monocytes can also be used therapeutically in mouse disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wagner
- Department for Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg
| | - Helen Koester
- Department for Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg
| | - Christian Deffge
- Department for Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg
| | - Soenke Weinert
- Department for Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg
| | - Johannes Lauf
- Department for Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg
| | - Alexander Francke
- Herzzentrum Dresden, Universitätsklinikum an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Jerry Lee
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge
| | - R C Braun-Dullaeus
- Department for Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg
| | - Joerg Herold
- Department for Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg;
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Lewis JS, Dolgova N, Chancellor T, Acharya AP, Karpiak JV, Lele TP, Keselowsky BG. The effect of cyclic mechanical strain on activation of dendritic cells cultured on adhesive substrates. Biomaterials 2013; 34:9063-70. [PMID: 24008042 PMCID: PMC4120880 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), key regulators of tolerance and immunity, have been found to reside in mechanically active tissues such as the interior layers of the arterial wall, which experience cyclic radial wall strain due to pulsatile blood flow. Although experimentally difficult to determine in vivo, it is reasonable to postulate DCs experience the mechanical forces in such mechanically active tissues. However, it is currently unknown how DCs respond to cyclic mechanical strain. In order to explore the hypothesis that DCs are responsive to mechanical strain, DCs were cultured in vitro on pre-adsorbed adhesive proteins (e.g., laminin, collagen, fibrinogen) and 1 Hz cyclic strain was applied for various durations and strain magnitudes. It was determined that a strain magnitude of 10% and 24 h duration adversely affected DC viability compared to no-strain controls, but culture on certain adhesive substrates provided modest protection of viability under this harsh strain regime. In contrast, application of 1 h of 1 Hz cyclic 3% strain did not affect DC viability and this strain regime was used for the remaining experiments for quantifying DC activation and T-cell priming capability. Application of 3% strain increased expression of stimulatory (MHC-II) and costimulatory molecules (CD86, CD40), and this effect was generally increased by culture on pre-coated adhesive substrates. Interestingly, the cytokine secretion profile of DCs was not significantly affected by strain. Lastly, strained DCs demonstrated increased stimulation of allogeneic T-cell proliferation, in a manner that was independent of the adhesive substrate. These observations indicate generation of a DC consistent with what has been described as a semi-mature phenotype. This work begins elucidating a potential role for DCs in tissue environments exposed to cyclic mechanical forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal S. Lewis
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 U.S
| | - Natalia Dolgova
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 U.S
| | - T.J. Chancellor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 U.S
| | - Abhinav P. Acharya
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 U.S
| | - Jerome V. Karpiak
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 U.S
| | - Tanmay P. Lele
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 U.S
| | - Benjamin G. Keselowsky
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 U.S
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Tsubota Y, Frey JM, Raines EW. Novel ex vivo culture method for human monocytes uses shear flow to prevent total loss of transendothelial diapedesis function. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 95:191-5. [PMID: 24006509 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0513272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte recruitment to inflammatory sites and their transendothelial migration into tissues are critical to homeostasis and pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. However, even short-term suspension culture of primary human monocytes leads to phenotypic changes. In this study, we characterize the functional effects of ex vivo monocyte culture on the steps involved in monocyte transendothelial migration. Our data demonstrate that monocyte diapedesis is impaired by as little as 4 h culture, and the locomotion step is subsequently compromised. After 16 h in culture, monocyte diapedesis is irreversibly reduced by ∼90%. However, maintenance of monocytes under conditions mimicking physiological flow (5-7.5 dyn/cm²) is sufficient to reduce diapedesis impairment significantly. Thus, through the application of shear during ex vivo culture of monocytes, our study establishes a novel protocol, allowing functional analyses of monocytes not currently possible under static culture conditions. These data further suggest that monocyte-based therapeutic applications may be measurably improved by alteration of ex vivo conditions before their use in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tsubota
- 1.Dept. of Pathology, 325 Ninth Ave., Seattle, WA 98104-2499, USA.
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Hohsfield LA, Geley S, Reindl M, Humpel C. The generation of NGF-secreting primary rat monocytes: a comparison of different transfer methods. J Immunol Methods 2013; 391:112-24. [PMID: 23474426 PMCID: PMC3638233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF), a member of the neurotrophin family, is responsible for the maintenance and survival of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain. The degeneration of cholinergic neurons and reduced acetycholine levels are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as well as associated with learning and memory deficits. Thus far, NGF has proven the most potent neuroprotective molecule against cholinergic neurodegeneration. However, delivery of this factor into the brain remains difficult. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the potential use of monocytes as vehicles for therapeutic delivery into the brain. In this study, we employed different transfection and transduction methods to generate NGF-secreting primary rat monocytes. Specifically, we compared five methods for generating NGF-secreting monocytes: (1) cationic lipid-mediated transfection (Effectene and FuGene), (2) classical electroporation, (3) nucleofection, (4) protein delivery (Bioporter) and (5) lentiviral vectors. Here, we report that classical transfection methods (lipid-mediated transfection, electroporation, nucleofection) are inefficient tools for proper gene transfer into primary rat monocytes. We demonstrate that lentiviral infection and Bioporter can successfully transduce/load primary rat monocytes and produce effective NGF secretion. Furthermore, our results indicate that NGF is bioactive and that Bioporter-loaded monocytes do not appear to exhibit any functional disruptions (i.e. in their ability to differentiate and phagocytose beta-amyloid). Taken together, our results show that primary monocytes can be effectively loaded or transduced with NGF and provides information on the most effective method for generating NGF-secreting primary rat monocytes. This study also provides a basis for further development of primary monocytes as therapeutic delivery vehicles to the diseased AD brain. Monocytes can be easily transduced using Bioporter protein reagent Bioporter-loaded monocytes exhibit no functional disruptions Lentiviral vectors are by far the most potent tool for monocyte transduction Classical transfection methods are not sufficient for primary monocyte gene transfer NGF-secreting monocytes may serve as potential therapeutic vehicles in Alzheimer`s disease
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Hohsfield
- Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer's Research, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Circumventing antivector immunity by using adenovirus-infected blood cells for repeated application of adenovirus-vectored vaccines: proof of concept in rhesus macaques. J Virol 2012; 86:11031-42. [PMID: 22855499 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00783-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus has been extensively exploited as a vector platform for delivering vaccines. However, preexisting antiadenovirus immunity is the major stumbling block for application of adenovirus-vectored vaccines. In this study, we found that freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), mostly CD14(+) cells, from adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5)-seropositive primates (humans and rhesus macaques) can be efficiently infected with Ad5 in vitro. On the basis of this observation, a novel strategy based on adenoviral vector-infected PBMC (AVIP) immunization was explored to circumvent antivector immunity. Autologous infusion of Ad5-SIVgag-infected PBMCs elicited a strong Gag-specific cellular immune response but induced weaker Ad5-neutralizing antibody (NAb) in Ad5-seronegative macaques than in macaques intramuscularly injected with Ad5-SIVgag. Moreover, Ad5-seropositive macaques receiving multiple AVIP immunizations with Ad5-SIVenv, Ad5-SIVgag, and Ad5-SIVpol vaccines elicited escalated Env-, Gag-, and Pol-specific immune responses after each immunization that were significantly greater than those in macaques intramuscularly injected with these Ad5-SIV vaccines. After challenged intravenously with a highly pathogenic SIVmac239 virus, macaques receiving AVIP immunization demonstrated a significant reduction in viral load at both the peak time and set-point period compared with macaques without Ad5-SIV vaccines. Our study warranted further research and development of the AVIP immunization as a platform for repeated applications of adenovirus-vectored vaccines.
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Sanberg PR, Park DH, Kuzmin-Nichols N, Cruz E, Hossne NA, Buffolo E, Willing AE. Monocyte transplantation for neural and cardiovascular ischemia repair. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 14:553-63. [PMID: 19754667 PMCID: PMC3823455 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00903.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neovascularization is an integral process of inflammatory reactions and subsequent repair cascades in tissue injury. Monocytes/macrophages play a key role in the inflammatory process including angiogenesis as well as the defence mechanisms by exerting microbicidal and immunomodulatory activity. Current studies have demonstrated that recruited monocytes/macrophages aid in regulating angiogenesis in ischemic tissue, tumours and chronic inflammation. In terms of neovascularization followed by tissue regeneration, monocytes/macrophages should be highly attractive for cell-based therapy compared to any other stem cells due to their considerable advantages: non-oncogenic, non-teratogenic, multiple secretary functions including pro-angiogenic and growth factors, straightforward cell harvesting procedure and non-existent ethical controversy. In addition to adult origins such as bone marrow or peripheral blood, umbilical cord blood (UCB) can be a potential source for autologous or allogeneic monocytes/macrophages. Especially, UCB monocytes should be considered as the first candidate owing to their feasibility, low immune rejection and multiple characteristic advantages such as their anti-inflammatory properties by virtue of their unique immune and inflammatory immaturity, and their pro-angiogenic ability. In this review, we present general characteristics and potential of monocytes/macrophages for cell-based therapy, especially focusing on neovascularization and UCB-derived monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Sanberg
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Wuestenfeld JC, Herold J, Niese U, Kappert U, Schmeisser A, Strasser RH, Braun-Dullaeus RC. Indocyanine green angiography: A new method to quantify collateral flow in mice. J Vasc Surg 2008; 48:1315-21. [PMID: 18829217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2008.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2008] [Revised: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 06/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan C Wuestenfeld
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Dresden University, Dresden, Germany
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