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Wu C, Zhang G, Wang L, Hu J, Ju Z, Tao H, Li Q, Li J, Zhang W, Sheng J, Hou X, Hu Y. Spatial proteomic profiling elucidates immune determinants of neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2024:10.1038/s41388-024-03123-z. [PMID: 39122893 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) presents significant clinical and therapeutic challenges due to its aggressive nature and generally poor prognosis. We initiated a Phase II clinical trial (ChiCTR1900027160) to assess the efficacy of a pioneering neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy regimen comprising programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade (Toripalimab), nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel), and the oral fluoropyrimidine derivative S-1, in patients with locally advanced ESCC. This study uniquely integrates clinical outcomes with advanced spatial proteomic profiling using Imaging Mass Cytometry (IMC) to elucidate the dynamics within the tumor microenvironment (TME), focusing on the mechanistic interplay of resistance and response. Sixty patients participated, receiving the combination therapy prior to surgical resection. Our findings demonstrated a major pathological response (MPR) in 62% of patients and a pathological complete response (pCR) in 29%. The IMC analysis provided a detailed regional assessment, revealing that the spatial arrangement of immune cells, particularly CD8+ T cells and B cells within tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), and S100A9+ inflammatory macrophages in fibrotic regions are predictive of therapeutic outcomes. Employing machine learning approaches, such as support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) analysis, we identified critical spatial features linked to drug resistance and developed predictive models for drug response, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 97%. These insights underscore the vital role of integrating spatial proteomics into clinical trials to dissect TME dynamics thoroughly, paving the way for personalized and precise cancer treatment strategies in ESCC. This holistic approach not only enhances our understanding of the mechanistic basis behind drug resistance but also sets a robust foundation for optimizing therapeutic interventions in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, The Fifth Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, The Fifth Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinlong Hu
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongjian Ju
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, The First Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Tao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, The Fifth Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Li
- The Shapingba Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Li
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jianpeng Sheng
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.
- Chinese Institutes for Medical Research, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaobin Hou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, The First Medical Center, Beijing, China.
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Senior Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, The Fifth Medical Center, Beijing, China.
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Jin B, Yang G, Guo Z, Chen Z, Liu Y, Li S, Chen H, Fang Y, Deng Y, He N. Cell-SELEX and application research of a DNA aptamer against esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell line TE-1. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:4683-4690. [PMID: 38958106 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00895b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a common cancer with high morbidity and mortality that severely threatens the safety and quality of human life. The strong metastatic nature of esophageal cancer enables it to metastasize more quickly and covertly, making it difficult for current diagnostic and treatment methods to achieve efficient early screening, as well as timely and effective treatment. As a promising solution, nucleic acid aptamers, a kind of special single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotide selected by the Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) technology, can specifically bind with different molecular targets. In this paper, random DNA single-stranded oligonucleotides were used as the initial library. Using TE-1 cells and HEEC cells as targets, specific binding sequences were selected by 15 rounds of the cell-SELEX method, and the aptamer sequence that binds to TE-1 cells with the most specificity was obtained and named Te4. The Te4 aptamer was further validated for binding specificity, binding affinity, type of target, in vitro cytotoxicity when conjugated with DOX(Te4-DOX), and in vivo distribution. Results of in vitro validation showed that Te4 has outstanding binding specificity with a Kd value of 51.16 ± 5.52 nM, and the target type of Te4 was preliminarily identified as a membrane protein. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity experiment showed that Te4-DOX has specific cytotoxicity towards cultured TE-1 cells. Finally, the results of the in vivo distribution experiment showed that the Te4 aptamer is able to specifically target tumor regions in nude mice, showing great potential to be applied in future diagnosis and targeted therapy of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baijiang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Gaojian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Zhukang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Zhu Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
- Institute for Future Sciences, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Song Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
- Institute for Future Sciences, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
- Institute for Future Sciences, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Yile Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Yan Deng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
- Institute for Future Sciences, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Nongyue He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, Hunan, China.
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Shimada A, Tanaka M, Ishii S, Okamoto N, Yamamoto Y, Osaki M, Nishijima W, Omura K, Wakabayashi G. Utility of Concurrent Surgical Treatment Strategy with Thoracoscopic Esophagectomy for Patients with Synchronous Esophageal and Head and Neck Cancer. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2022; 32:550-555. [PMID: 35443808 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2021.0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) have a high frequency to coincide with head and neck cancer (HNC). This study aims to analyze the treatment results and prognosis of patients with synchronous ESCC and HNC. Methods: From January 2016 to December 2019, 5 patients underwent concurrent surgical resection of synchronous ESCC and HNC in our institution. We retrospectively reviewed the surgical outcomes and prognosis of these patients with synchronous ESCC and HNC (HNEC group) and compared the results with those of 20 patients who underwent esophagectomy with three regional lymph node dissections for ESCC during the same period (EC group). Results: The locations of HNCs were pharynx/tongue (4/1) and the clinical stages were Stage IV in all patients. Meanwhile, the clinical stages of ESCCs were Stages 0/I/II/III (1/1/2/1). All patients underwent thoracoscopic esophagectomy. The surgical procedures concurrently performed for HNC were pharyngolaryngectomy with free jejunum transfer in 3 patients, wide tongue and mandibular segment resection with mandibular reconstruction in 1 patient, and mandibular transection with radial forearm flap reconstruction in 1 patient. There was no significant difference in the frequency of postoperative complication between these two groups. The HNEC group had a significantly shorter recurrence-free survival than the EC group (P = .046). Conclusion: Head and neck surgery with thoracoscopic esophagectomy can be safely performed concurrently with local control. The risk of recurrence is higher in ESCC patients with HNC; therefore, it is important to move on to adjuvant therapy without delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Shimada
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ageo Central General Hospital, Ageo, Japan.,Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita Hospital, Narita, Japan
| | - Motomu Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Ashikaga Red Cross Hospital, Ashikaga, Japan
| | - Satoru Ishii
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ageo Central General Hospital, Ageo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ageo Central General Hospital, Ageo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Ageo Central General Hospital, Ageo, Japan
| | - Masaumi Osaki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ageo Central General Hospital, Ageo, Japan
| | - Wataru Nishijima
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Ageo Central General Hospital, Ageo, Japan
| | - Kenji Omura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ageo Central General Hospital, Ageo, Japan
| | - Go Wakabayashi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ageo Central General Hospital, Ageo, Japan
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Liang M, Xiao J, Chen M, Zheng B, Chen C. Prognostic variables for conditional survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent minimally invasive surgery. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:333. [PMID: 35346110 PMCID: PMC8962239 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) survival is mainly reported at the time of treatment. Conditional survival is another prognostic tool to evaluate ESCC patients who has survived more than one year since treatment.
Methods
We analyzed data from 705 ESCC patients who underwent minimally invasive surgery between 2013 and 2016. Using the Kaplan–Meier method, we computed a 5-year relative conditional survival. We also investigated the prognostic factors associated with survival using Cox proportional hazards models.
Results
Conditional survival improved over time for all cohorts of ESCC patients who survived a period after surgery. The greatest improve in conditional survival were observed in patients 2 years after surgery. In addition, the results of the Cox survival model from the time of surgery, T stage (p < 0.001), N stage (p < 0.001), and anastomotic leak (p = 0.022), were significantly associated with survival. However, the results of the Cox survival model from 2 years after surgery, N stage (p < 0.001), and anastomotic leak (p = 0.032) were significantly associated with survival.
Conclusion
For ESCC patients who survived a period after surgery, the largest increases in conditional survival were observed in patients 2 years after surgery. We suggest that patients with anastomotic leakage and higher T and N stages should be strictly screened according to various time, and that conditional survival should be used as a powerful prognostic tool for ESCC patients.
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Oshikiri T, Goto H, Kato T, Sawada R, Harada H, Urakawa N, Hasegawa H, Kanaji S, Yamashita K, Matsuda T, Fujino Y, Tominaga M, Kakeji Y. Proposed modification of the eighth edition of the AJCC-ypTNM staging system of esophageal squamous cell cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy: Unification of the AJCC staging system and the Japanese classification. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2022; 48:1760-1767. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Impairment of Lung Function Increases the Risk of Postoperative Respiratory Failure for Esophageal Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:5327682. [PMID: 34888023 PMCID: PMC8651426 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5327682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective To study lung function impairment by meta-analysis to increase the risk of postoperative respiratory failure in patients with esophageal carcinoma. Methods We searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, and CNKI and other databases, and the search time was set to the time the database was established. We screened the relevant literature to study the relationship between lung function damage and postoperative respiratory failure in patients with esophageal cancer, determined to include the literature and extracted relevant data, and then, applied NOS. The scale evaluates the quality of the literature, and the ReviewManager software was used to perform meta-analysis on the extracted data. Results Finally, 9 related articles and 2822 research subjects were included, and the average score of literature quality was 5.78 points, the heterogeneity of the literature was large (I2 = 84%), the random effects model was used for analysis, and the correlation between the two showed SMD = 0.09, 95%CI[−0.09, 0.31], Z = 1.10, P = 0.27, which is consistent with the results of the subgroup analysis. Conclusion The results of the study show that lung function impairment has a positive relationship with postoperative respiratory failure in patients with esophageal cancer. Pulmonary function impairment in cases with different case characteristics can also aggravate the severity of respiratory failure.
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High Serum Levels of Wnt Signaling Antagonist Dickkopf-Related Protein 1 Are Associated with Impaired Overall Survival and Recurrence in Esophageal Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194980. [PMID: 34638464 PMCID: PMC8507644 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), an antagonist of the canonical Wnt pathway has been the subject of research for many years. Especially in gastrointestinal cancers, research suggests a pivotal role of DKK1. In order to understand the role of DKK1 in esophageal cancer, we analyzed blood samples of esophageal cancer patients for their DKK1 levels and retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological data. In our study cohort, we observed a negative prognostic role of high DKK1 serum levels with respect to overall survival in esophageal cancer patients. These data may suggest serum DKK1 as a novel biomarker for improved risk stratification and treatment monitoring in esophageal cancer patients. Abstract Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), an antagonist of the canonical Wnt pathway, has received tremendous attention over the past years as its dysregulation is said to be critically involved in a wide variety of gastrointestinal cancers. However, the potential clinical implications of DKK1 remain poorly understood. Although multimodal treatment options have been implemented over the past years, esophageal cancer (EC) patients still suffer from poor five-year overall survival rates ranging from 15% to 25%. Especially prognostic factors and biomarkers for risk stratification are lacking to choose the most beneficial treatment out of the emerging landscape of different treatment options. In this study, we analyzed the serum DKK1 (S-DKK1) levels of 91 EC patients prior to surgery in a single center study at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. High levels of S-DKK1 could be especially observed in patients suffering from esophageal adenocarcinoma which may promote the hypothesis of a crucial role of DKK1 in inflammation. S-DKK1 levels of ≥5800 pg/mL were shown to be associated with unfavorable five-year survival rates and the presence of CTCs. Interestingly, significantly lower S-DKK1 levels were detected in patients after neoadjuvant treatment, implying that S-DKK1 may serve as a useful biomarker for treatment monitoring. Multivariate analysis identified S-DKK1 as an independent prognostic marker with respect to overall survival in EC patients with a hazard ratio of 2.23. In conclusion, our data implicate a negative prognostic role of DKK1 with respect to the clinical outcome in EC patients. Further prospective studies should be conducted to implement S-DKK1 into the clinical routine for risk stratification and treatment monitoring.
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Jiang N, Zhang WQ, Dong H, Hao YT, Zhang LM, Shan L, Yang XD, Peng CL. SMAC exhibits anti-tumor effects in ECA109 cells by regulating expression of inhibitor of apoptosis protein family. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:5019-5027. [PMID: 34307552 PMCID: PMC8283620 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i19.5019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The poor prognosis and rising incidence of esophageal cancer highlight the need for improved therapeutics that are essential prior to treatment. LCL161 is an SMAC (second mitochondrial activator of caspases) mimic and inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) antagonist which exhibits anti-tumor effects and improves the chemical sensitivity of many cancers.
AIM To ascertain the effects and mechanisms of the SMAC analog LCL161 on esophageal cancer cells.
METHODS MTT assay and TUNEL assay were used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Western blot analysis was used to study the molecular mechanisms of LCL161-induced death of ECA109 cells.
RESULTS LCL161 decreased ECA109 cell proliferation in dose- and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis of ECA109 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Also, LCL161 induced a significant decrease in the expression of the XIAP and significant increase in the expression of Caspase-3. In addition, Bax increased significantly with increasing concentrations of LCL161, and the relative expression of Bax was significantly different between groups.
CONCLUSION These findings support the hypothesis that LCL161 can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells by regulating the expression of IAP family members, suggesting that it has potential to be an effective treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei-Quan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hong Dong
- Department of Nursing, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying-Tao Hao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Shan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chuan-Liang Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong Province, China
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Shi J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Li J, Li Z. Anlotinib Combined With Chemoradiotherapy Exhibits Significant Therapeutic Efficacy in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:995. [PMID: 32754439 PMCID: PMC7365939 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of anlotinib combined with chemoradiotherapy for treating esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) using patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). Methods: PDX-bearing mice were randomly divided into five groups, as follows: control group receiving normal saline, the group receiving radiotherapy, the group receiving cisplatin combined with radiotherapy, the group receiving anlotinib combined with radiotherapy, and the group receiving anlotinib, and cisplatin combined with radiotherapy. Tumor volumes and body weights were measured three times weekly for 2 weeks. The PDXs were initially assessed by comparing the histology of the original patient tumor tissues with that of the corresponding serially passaged xenografts by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and P63 staining. Then, expression of Bax, c-PARP, PCNA, and CD31 was detected using immunohistochemistry, and apoptosis was detected by a TUNEL assay. Cytokines released into plasma were analyzed using protein chip technology. Finally, two case studies of ESCC patients were presented to further verify the results observed in the PDX models. Results: The pathological characteristics of the serially passaged patient tumor-derived xenografts established in our study were in line with those of the original ESCC patient samples. The group receiving anlotinib and cisplatin plus radiotherapy exhibited the strongest antitumor response among the groups. Moreover, the ideal anticancer effects of anlotinib combined with chemoradiotherapy observed in clinical patients were consistent with the results observed in the PDX models, and no serious side effects were observed during treatment. Conclusions: Combination therapy with anlotinib and chemoradiotherapy may be an effective regimen for the treatment of advanced ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhen Shi
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jianbin Li
- Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenxiang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Zhang K, Zhang B, Bai Y, Dai L. E2F1 promotes cancer cell sensitivity to cisplatin by regulating the cellular DNA damage response through miR-26b in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer 2020; 11:301-310. [PMID: 31897226 PMCID: PMC6930434 DOI: 10.7150/jca.33983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is an essential chemotherapy drug in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Some studies suggested that the expression of E2F1 is increased in ESCC cells after cisplatin treatment, but its mechanism remains obscure. Here, we found that miR-26b is upregulated in ESCC cell lines with cisplatin treatment, and it relies on the expression of E2F1 because E2F1 directly binds to the promoter of the miR-26b gene, thus activating the transcriptional activity of miR-26b. Cell cycle analysis suggested that miR-26b inhibits the G1/S phase transition, thus inhibiting the cell growth of ESCC cells. The cisplatin-induced cycle arrest also closely depends on the expression of miR-26b. In vivo assays revealed that the sensitivity of ESCC cells to cisplatin is decreased when the E2F1/miR-26b pathway is disturbed. A nude mouse xenograft model of cisplatin treatment showed that the tumor volume was increased in the Si-E2F1 group compared with that in the group with cisplatin treatment alone. The effect may be due to the cellular DNA damage response, because that miR-26b could target the mRNA of ATM and Rb genes via binding to their 3'UTRs, thus leading to decreased protein expression of ATM and Rb. In conclusion, our results indicate that E2F1 promotes the chemosensitization to cisplatin in ESCC. The effect may be due to the upregulation of miR-26b because cisplatin-induced cycle arrest depends on miR-26b, which may also disturb the DNA damage response by reducing the expression of ATM and Rb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Limeng Dai
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
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Qin Y, Qin ZD, Chen J, Cai CG, Li L, Feng LY, Wang Z, Duns GJ, He NY, Chen ZS, Luo XF. From Antimicrobial to Anticancer Peptides: The Transformation of Peptides. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2019; 14:70-84. [PMID: 30663573 DOI: 10.2174/1574892814666190119165157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial peptides play an important role in the innate immune system. Possessing broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, antimicrobial peptides can quickly treat and kill various targets, including gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and tumor cells. OBJECTIVE An overview of the state of play with regard to the research trend of antimicrobial peptides in recent years and the situation of targeting tumor cells, and to make statistical analysis of the patents related to anticancer peptides published in recent years, is important both from toxicological and medical tumor therapy point of view. METHODS Based on the Science Citation Index Expanded version, the Derwent Innovation Index and Innography as data sources, the relevant literature and patents concerning antimicrobial peptides and anticancer peptides were analyzed through the Thomson Data Analyzer. Results of toxicologic and pharmacologic studies that brought to the development of patents for methods to novel tumor drugs were analyzed and sub-divided according to the specific synthesis of anticancer peptides. RESULTS The literature and patent search data show that the research and development of global antimicrobial peptides and anticancer peptides has been in an incremental mode. Growing patent evidence indicate that bioinformatics technology is a valuable strategy to modify, synthesize or recombine existing antimicrobial peptides to obtain tumor drugs with high activity, low toxicity and multiple targets. CONCLUSION These findings may have important clinical implications for cancer treatment, especially in patients with conditions that are not currently treatable by other drugs, or that are resistant to existing cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qin
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan Province 425000, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Application of Biological Nanotechnology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China
| | - Zuo D Qin
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan Province 425000, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Business Administration, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Che G Cai
- Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan Province 425000, China
| | - Lu Y Feng
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan Province 425000, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan Province 425000, China
| | - Gregory J Duns
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan Province 425000, China
| | - Nong Y He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Application of Biological Nanotechnology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China
| | - Zhe S Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States
| | - Xiao F Luo
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan Province 425000, China
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12
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Wang M, Wang L, He X, Zhang J, Zhu Z, Zhang M, Li X. lncRNA CCAT2 promotes radiotherapy resistance for human esophageal carcinoma cells via the miR‑145/p70S6K1 and p53 pathway. Int J Oncol 2019; 56:327-336. [PMID: 31789385 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The long non‑coding RNA colon cancer‑associated transcript 2 (CCAT2) is abnormally expressed in various types of malignant tumor tissues and considered to be an oncogene, including for esophageal cancer (EC). Radiotherapy is an important and widely used cancer treatment. However, some patients with EC do not respond to radiotherapy. This study was designed to investigate effects of CCAT2 expression on radiotherapy dynamics for EC cells and to explore underlying molecular mechanisms. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR was used to measure CCAT2 expression in EC tissues, normal esophageal mucosa, EC cells and normal human esophageal epithelial cells. TUNEL assays were used to assess the effect of CCAT2 on X‑ray‑induced apoptosis of EC cells. Protein expression was detected by western blot. CCAT2 was highly expressed in EC tissues and EC cells, and was negatively associated with radiotherapy efficacy in patients with EC. In vitro, knockdown of CCAT2 enhanced radiosensitivity of EC cells and promoted apoptosis by increasing Bax/Bcl2 and active‑caspase 3/caspase 3 following X‑ray treatment. In addition, CCAT2 negatively regulated miR‑145 and P70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (p70S6K1) expression, and inhibited phosphorylation of Akt, ERK and p70S6K1 in EC cells. After X‑ray treatment, CCAT2 negatively regulated protein levels of p53, P21 and c‑Myc. These results showed that CCAT2 promoted the radiotherapy resistance of EC cells via negative regulation of the miR‑145/p70S6K1 and the p53 signaling pathways and associated elements may be potential targets for improving the sensitivity of EC radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Xiang He
- Department of CT Diagnosis, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Mengcun County Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061400, P.R. China
| | - Zhongcheng Zhu
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Mingyun Zhang
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Xingde Li
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
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13
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Zeng W, Zhu JF, Liu JY, Li YL, Dong X, Huang H, Shan L. miR-133b inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by targeting EGFR. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 111:476-484. [PMID: 30594787 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an aggressive tumor entity characterized by early metastasis and late diagnosis. MicroRNA-133b (miR-133b) has been considered as a tumor suppressor in many human cancers by regulating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, the specific effects of miR-133b and EGFR on ESCC remain unclear. METHODS qRT-PCR and western blotting were applied for measuring expression of mRNA and protein. Flow cytometry was used for detecting cell cycle and apoptosis. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were detected by colony formation and transwell assays. Luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the interaction between miR-133b and EGFR. RESULTS Low expression of miR-133b and high expression of EGFR were identified in ESCC cells and tissues. Overexpression of miR-133b or knockdown of EGFR suppressed the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of ESCC cells, and raised the percentage of G1 phase cells. The apoptosis of ESCC cells were promoted by increasing miR-133b and decreasing EGFR expression. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed EGFR as the target of miR-133b in ESCC cells. Overexpression of miR-133b significantly decreased the phosphorylation of PI3K, ERK and AKT by directly down-regulating EGFR. Higher expression of E-cadherin and CK-18 and lower expression of Vimentin and N-cadherin were observed after the transfection of miR-133b mimics or shEGFR. CONCLUSION Overexpression of miR-133b could suppress proliferation, migration and invasion of ESCC cells by inhibiting MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways through targeting EGFR, indicating that miR-133b might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zeng
- First Department of Lung Cancer Chemotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, PR China; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Jin-Feng Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, PR China
| | - Jun-Yuan Liu
- First Department of Lung Cancer Chemotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, PR China
| | - Ying-Long Li
- First Department of Lung Cancer Chemotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, PR China
| | - Xiang Dong
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, PR China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, PR China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China.
| | - Li Shan
- First Department of Lung Cancer Chemotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, PR China.
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14
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Weili Z, Zhikun L, Jianmin W, Qingbao T. Knockdown of USP28 enhances the radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer cells via the c-Myc/hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha pathway. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:201-212. [PMID: 30206969 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acquired radioresistance is a major clinical obstacle in the treatment of esophageal cancer (EC). Ubiquitin-specific protease 28 (USP28) has been implicated in tumor growth in various cancer types. However, the role of USP28 and its underlying mechanisms of radioresistance in EC remain unknown. In the current study, we found that USP28 and c-Myc levels were upregulated in EC tissues and EC cell lines. The mRNA expression levels of USP28 and c-Myc were increased in the radioresistant human EC cell line (ECA109R) compared with those in ECA109 cells. In addition, the expression levels of USP28 and c-Myc were increased with increase in culture time after irradiation. Meanwhile, overexpression of USP28 decreased the radiosensitivity of ECA109 cells. In contrast, USP28 knockdown enhanced the radiosensitivity of ECA109R cells. Moreover, USP28 positively regulated the protein level of c-Myc, and c-Myc negatively regulated the radiosensitivity of ECA109 and ECA109R cells. Furthermore, c-Myc reversed the inhibitory effect of USP28 on the radiosensitivity of EC cells. Additionally, c-Myc enhanced the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) at the posttranscriptional level, and the reinforcing effect of c-Myc silencing on the radiosensitivity of EC cells could be reversed by HIF-1α overexpression. Besides, knockdown of USP28 blocked the effect of c-Myc on activation of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated/ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related DNA damage checkpoint after irradiation. In conclusion, knockdown of USP28 enhanced the radiosensitivity of EC cells by destabilizing c-Myc and enhancing the accumulation of HIF-1α. Therefore, USP28 may serve as a novel therapeutic target to overcome EC radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Weili
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liu Zhikun
- Department of Radiotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wang Jianmin
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tian Qingbao
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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15
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Sarvepalli S, Garg SK, Sarvepalli SS, Parikh MP, Wadhwa V, Jang S, Thota PN, Sanaka MR. Inpatient burden of esophageal cancer and analysis of factors affecting in-hospital mortality and length of stay. Dis Esophagus 2018; 31:4956135. [PMID: 29617798 PMCID: PMC7055505 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doy022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) continues to be a major source of morbidity and mortality in the United States. However, there has been a relative dearth of research into hospital utilization in patients with EC. This study examines temporal trends in hospital admissions, length of stay (LOS), mortality, and costs associated with EC. In addition, we also analyzed factors associated with inpatient mortality and LOS. We interrogated National Inpatient Sample (NIS), a large registry of inpatient data, to retrieve information about various demographic and factors associated with hospital stay in patients who were admitted for EC between the years 1998 and 2013 in the United States. After examining trends over time, multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with LOS and mortality. During 1998-2013, 538,776 hospital stays with principal diagnosis of EC were reviewed. Number of hospital stays and inpatient charges increased by 397 per year (±67.8; P < 0.0001) and $3,033 per patient per year (±135; <0.0001) respectively. Mortality and LOS decreased by 0.23% per year (±0.03; P < 0.0001) and 0.07 days per year (±0.006; P < 0.0001) respectively. Multiple factors associated with LOS and mortality were outlined. Despite overall increase in hospital utilization with respect to number of admissions and inpatient charges, inpatient mortality and LOS associated with EC declined. Factors associated with inpatient mortality and LOS may help drive clinical decision-making and influence healthcare or hospital policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sarvepalli
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Medicine Institute,Address correspondence to: Shashank Sarvepalli, Department of Hospital Medicine, M75 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - S K Garg
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - S S Sarvepalli
- College of Liberal Arts and Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - M P Parikh
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Medicine Institute
| | - V Wadhwa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Weston, Florida, USA
| | - S Jang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - P N Thota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - M R Sanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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16
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Kröll D, Noser L, Erdem S, Storni F, Arnold D, Dislich B, Zlobec I, Candinas D, Seiler CA, Langer R. Application of the 8th edition of the AJCC yTNM staging system shows improved prognostication in a single center cohort of esophageal carcinomas. Surg Oncol 2018; 27:100-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Abstract
The incidence of esophageal carcinoma has increased in recent years in Germany. The aim of this article is a discussion of the economic aspects of oncological esophageal surgery within the German diagnosis-related groups (DRG) system focusing on the association between minimum caseload requirements and outcome quality as well as costs. The margins for the DRG classification G03A are low and quickly exhausted if complications determine the postoperative course. A current study using nationwide German hospital discharge data proved a significant difference in hospital mortality between clinics with and without achieving the minimum caseload requirements for esophagectomy. Data from the USA clearly showed that besides patient-relevant parameters, the caseload of a surgeon is relevant for the cost of treatment. Such cost-related analyses do not exist in Germany at present. Scientific validation of reliable minimum caseload numbers for oncological esophagectomy is desirable in the future.
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18
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Zang C, Liu X, Li B, He Y, Jing S, He Y, Wu W, Zhang B, Ma S, Dai W, Li S, Peng Z. IL-6/STAT3/TWIST inhibition reverses ionizing radiation-induced EMT and radioresistance in esophageal squamous carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11228-11238. [PMID: 28061440 PMCID: PMC5355260 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of radioresistance by esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESC) cells during radiotherapy may lead to cancer recurrence and poor survival. Previous studies have demonstrated that ionizing radiation (IR) induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of ESC cells accompanied by increased migration, invasion, and radioresistance. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of IR-induced EMT and radioresistance are not well established, hampering the development of potential solutions. To address this issue, we investigated the role of the IL-6/STAT3/TWIST signaling pathway in IR-induced EMT. We found not only the pathway was activated during IR-induced EMT but also STAT3 inhibition or Twist depletion reversed the EMT process and attenuated radioresistance. These results improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in IR-induced EMT and suggest potential interventions to prevent EMT-induced acquisition of radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbao Zang
- Department of Radiological Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chonging, China
| | - Xujie Liu
- Department of Radiological Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chonging, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chonqqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanqiong He
- Department of Radiological Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chonging, China
| | - Shen Jing
- Department of Radiological Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chonging, China
| | - Yujia He
- Department of Radiological Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chonging, China
| | - Wenli Wu
- Department of Radiological Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chonging, China
| | - Bingqian Zhang
- Department of Radiological Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chonging, China
| | - Shuhong Ma
- Department of Radiological Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chonging, China
| | - Weiwei Dai
- Department of Radiological Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chonging, China
| | - Shaolin Li
- Department of Radiological Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chonging, China
| | - Zhiping Peng
- Department of Radiological Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chonging, China
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19
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Zhang Y, Liu J, Zhang W, Deng W, Yue J. Treatment of esophageal cancer with radiation therapy -a pan-Chinese survey of radiation oncologists. Oncotarget 2017; 8:34946-34953. [PMID: 28430590 PMCID: PMC5471024 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lots of controversies were found about the treatment in relation to radiation therapy (RT) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We designed a questionnaire of these controversies to do a pan-Chinese survey of radiation oncologists (ROs). For operable ESCC, 53% ROs chose surgery plus postoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT), while 40% chose preoperative CRT plus surgery. For target volume of postoperative RT, most ROs (92%) would delineate tumor bed plus involved lymph nodes region before surgery. For definitive RT, most ROs (81%) would give patients higher RT dose to 60-65Gy. For radiation target volume, most ROs would give patients prophylactic irradiation of the bilateral superclavicular-lymph nodes region for cervical ESCC (93%), and the left gastric lymph nodes region for lower thoracic ESCC (72%). For the treatment of mediastinal lymph nodes, 72% ROs preferred elective nodal irradiation, while 28% did the involved nodal irradiation. For concurrent chemotherapy regimen, PF (5-Fu + cisplatin) and TP (cisplatin + paclitaxel) were used widely (49% and 46%, respectively). During simulation, four-dimensional computer tomography (4D CT) was not widely used (48%), even for cervical or lower thoracic ESCC (52%). For daily RT delivery, only 66% ROs would perform imaging guidance RT daily. In summary, more controversies existed in the treatment of ESCC with RT in China, including treatment strategy, radiation dose and target contour. Future goals include standardization of treatment strategy, radiation dose, and target contour, and application of 4D CT and daily imaging guidance, and pursuit of randomized trials in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Graduate Education Center, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | | | - Weiye Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jinbo Yue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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20
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Increased MALAT1 expression predicts poor prognosis in esophageal cancer patients. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:8-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Abstract
Recent studies could demonstrate that neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiochemotherapy for esophageal and gastric cancer do not significantly increase the risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality as compared to surgery alone. With respect to patient safety and effectiveness of neoadjuvant concepts, quality assured performance of each treatment modality and close interdisciplinary cooperation play an important role. The majority of potential side effects and complications, which might occur during neoadjuvant therapy can be adequately controlled by correct prophylaxis and professional medical complication management. Complications before, during and after neoadjuvant therapy of upper gastrointestinal tract tumors can also be caused by the tumor itself or by medicinal therapy. These comprise bleeding, fistulas, perforations and stenoses. Modern endoscopic techniques are the therapy of choice in these situations. Preoperative conditioning during the period of neoadjuvant therapy opens the possibility of reduced postoperative complications to patients with tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
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22
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Lordick F, Gockel I. Chances, risks and limitations of neoadjuvant therapy in surgical oncology. Innov Surg Sci 2016; 1:3-11. [PMID: 31579713 PMCID: PMC6753981 DOI: 10.1515/iss-2016-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, neoadjuvant treatment has been established as a standard of care for a variety of tumor types in visceral oncology. Neoadjuvant treatment is recommended in locally advanced esophageal and gastric cancer as well as in rectal cancer. In borderline resectable pancreatic cancer, neoadjuvant therapy is an emerging treatment concept, whereas in resectable colorectal liver metastases, neoadjuvant treatment is often used, although the evidence for improvement of survival outcomes is rather weak. What makes neoadjuvant treatment attractive from a surgical oncology viewpoint is its ability to shrink tumors to a smaller size and to increase the chances for complete resection with clear surgical margins, which is a prerequisite for cure. Studies suggest that local tumor control is increased in some visceral tumor types, especially with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. In some other studies, a better control of systemic disease has contributed to significantly improved survival rates. Additionally, delaying surgery offers the chance to bring the patient into a better general condition for major surgery, but it also confers the risk of progression. Although it is a relatively rare event, cancers may progress locally during neoadjuvant treatment or distant metastases may occur, jeopardizing a curative surgical treatment approach. Although this is seen as risk of neoadjuvant treatment, it can also be seen as a chance to select only those patients for surgery who have a better control of systemic disease. Some studies showed increased perioperative morbidity in patients who underwent neoadjuvant treatment, which is another potential disadvantage. Optimal multidisciplinary teamwork is key to controlling that risk. Meanwhile, the neoadjuvant treatment period is also used as a "window of opportunity" for studying the activity of novel drugs and for investigating predictive and prognostic biomarkers of chemoradiotherapy and radiochemotherapy. Although the benefits of neoadjuvant treatment have been clearly established, the risk of overtreatment of cancers with an unfavorable prognosis remains an issue. All indications for neoadjuvant treatment are based on clinical staging. Even if staging is done meticulously, making use of all recommended diagnostic modalities, the risk of overstaging and understaging remains considerable and may lead to false indications for neoadjuvant treatment. Finally, despite all developments and emerging concepts in medical oncology, many cancers remain resistant to the currently available drugs and radiation. This may in part be due to specific molecular resistance mechanisms that are marginally understood thus far. Neoadjuvant treatment has been one of the major advances in multidisciplinary oncology in the last decades, requiring a dedicated treatment team and an optimal infrastructure for complex oncology care. This article discusses the goals and novel directions as well as limitations in neoadjuvant treatment of visceral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lordick
- University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medicine Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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23
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Yip SSF, Coroller TP, Sanford NN, Mamon H, Aerts HJWL, Berbeco RI. Relationship between the Temporal Changes in Positron-Emission-Tomography-Imaging-Based Textural Features and Pathologic Response and Survival in Esophageal Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2016; 6:72. [PMID: 27066454 PMCID: PMC4810033 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although change in standardized uptake value (SUV) measures and PET-based textural features during treatment have shown promise in tumor response prediction, it is unclear which quantitative measure is the most predictive. We compared the relationship between PET-based features and pathologic response and overall survival with the SUV measures in esophageal cancer. METHODS Fifty-four esophageal cancer patients received PET/CT scans before and after chemoradiotherapy. Of these, 45 patients underwent surgery and were classified into complete, partial, and non-responders to the preoperative chemoradiation. SUVmax and SUVmean, two cooccurrence matrix (Entropy and Homogeneity), two run-length matrix (RLM) (high-gray-run emphasis and Short-run high-gray-run emphasis), and two size-zone matrix (high-gray-zone emphasis and short-zone high-gray emphasis) textures were computed. The relationship between the relative difference of each measure at different treatment time points and the pathologic response and overall survival was assessed using the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC) and Kaplan-Meier statistics, respectively. RESULTS All Textures, except Homogeneity, were better related to pathologic response than SUVmax and SUVmean. Entropy was found to significantly distinguish non-responders from the complete (AUC = 0.79, p = 1.7 × 10(-4)) and partial (AUC = 0.71, p = 0.01) responders. Non-responders can also be significantly differentiated from partial and complete responders by the change in the run-length and size-zone matrix textures (AUC = 0.71-0.76, p ≤ 0.02). Homogeneity, SUVmax, and SUVmean failed to differentiate between any of the responders (AUC = 0.50-0.57, p ≥ 0.46). However, none of the measures were found to significantly distinguish between complete and partial responders with AUC <0.60 (p = 0.37). Median Entropy and RLM textures significantly discriminated patients with good and poor survival (log-rank p < 0.02), while all other textures and survival were poorly related (log-rank p > 0.25). CONCLUSION For the patients studied, temporal changes in Entropy and all RLM were better correlated with pathological response and survival than the SUV measures. The hypothesis that these metrics can be used as clinical predictors of better patient outcomes will be tested in a larger patient dataset in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S F Yip
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
| | - Thibaud P Coroller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
| | - Nina N Sanford
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
| | - Harvey Mamon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
| | - Hugo J W L Aerts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - Ross I Berbeco
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA
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24
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Qin S, Xu C, Li S, Wang X, Sun X, Wang P, Zhang B, Ren H. Hyperthermia induces apoptosis by targeting Survivin in esophageal cancer. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2656-64. [PMID: 26352384 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia is considered the fifth pillar of cancer treatment. It induces cancer cell apoptosis, however, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, the role of Survivin in hyperthermia-induced apoptosis in esophageal cancer was investigated. Different temperatures were used to treat EC109 esophageal cancer cells, and their viability was found to be significantly inhibited with a concomitant increase in apoptosis and necrosis. Necrosis increased in a temperature‑dependent manner, whereas peak apoptosis was reached at 43˚C. The hyperthermia-induced apoptosis was due to the inhibition of Survivin and the activation of caspase-3. Subsequently, overexpression of Survivin inhibited the activation of caspase-3 and hyperthermia-induced apoptosis, however, this inhibition was reversed in the absence of XIAP. Immunoprecipitations showed that Survivin did not directly bind to caspase-3, whereas XIAP interacted with Survivin and caspase-3. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of Survivin in esophageal cancer patient samples. A higher expression of Survivin in esophageal cancer tissues compared to normal tissues was observed, and a high expression correlated with poor prognosis. The results indicated that hyperthermia decreases the expression of Survivin, prevents its binding to XIAP, activates caspase-3 and induces apoptosis. Due to its correlation with poor prognosis, Survivin may be a target for hyperthermia in the treatment of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chongwen Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xifang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Peili Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Boxiang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Aichler M, Motschmann M, Jütting U, Luber B, Becker K, Ott K, Lordick F, Langer R, Feith M, Siewert JR, Walch A. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an independent adverse prognostic factor in esophageal adenocarcinoma patients treated with cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Oncotarget 2015; 5:6620-32. [PMID: 25216514 PMCID: PMC4196151 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant platin-based therapy is accepted as a standard therapy for advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Patients who respond have a better survival prognosis, but still a significant number of responder patients die from tumor recurrence. Molecular markers for prognosis in neoadjuvantly treated EAC patients have not been identified yet. We investigated the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in prognosis and chemotherapy resistance in these patients. Two EAC patient cohorts, either treated by neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy followed by surgery (n=86) or by surgical resection (n=46) were analyzed for EGFR protein expression and gene copy number. Data were correlated with clinical and histopathological response, disease-free and overall survival. In case of EGFR overexpression, the prognosis for neoadjuvant chemotherapy responders was poor as in non-responders. Responders had a significantly better disease-free survival than non-responders only if EGFR expression level (p=0.0152) or copy number (p=0.0050) was low. Comparing neoadjuvantly treated patients and primary resection patients, tumors of non-responder patients more frequently exhibited EGFR overexpression, providing evidence that EGFR is a factor for indicating chemotherapy resistance. EGFR overexpression and gene copy number are independent adverse prognostic factors for neoadjuvant chemotherapy-treated EAC patients, particularly for responders. Furthermore, EGFR overexpression is involved in resistance to cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Aichler
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Motschmann
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Uta Jütting
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Luber
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 18, München, Germany
| | - Karen Becker
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 18, München, Germany
| | - Katja Ott
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Lordick
- University Cancer Center Leipzig, University Clinic Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rupert Langer
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 18, München, Germany
| | - Marcus Feith
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, München, Germany
| | - Jörg Rüdiger Siewert
- Directorate, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Axel Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology- Institute of Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, Germany
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He E, Pan F, Li G, Li J. Fractionated Ionizing Radiation Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Esophageal Cancer Cells through PTEN Deficiency-Mediated Akt Activation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126149. [PMID: 26000878 PMCID: PMC4441389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In some esophageal cancer patients, radiotherapy may not prevent distant metastasis thus resulting in poor survival. The underlying mechanism of metastasis in these patients is not well established. In this study, we have demonstrated that ionizing radiation may induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) accompanied with increased cell migration and invasion, through downregulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and activation of Akt/GSK-3β/Snail signaling. We developed a radioresistant (RR) esophageal squamous cancer cell line, KYSE-150/RR, by fractionated ionizing radiation (IR) treatment, and confirmed its radioresistance using a clonogenic survival assay. We found that the KYSE-150/RR cell line displayed typical morphological and molecular characteristics of EMT. In comparison to the parental cells, KYSE-150/RR cells showed an increase in post-IR colony survival, migration, and invasiveness. Furthermore, a decrease in PTEN in KYSE-150/RR cells was observed. We postulated that over-expression of PTEN may induce mesenchymal-epithelial transition in KYSE-150/RR cells and restore IR-induced increase of cell migration. Mechanistically, fractionated IR inhibits expression of PTEN, which leads to activation of Akt/GSK-3β signaling and is associated with the elevated levels of Snail protein, a transcription factor involved in EMT. Correspondingly, treatment with LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor, mimicked PTEN overexpression effect in KYSE-150/RR cells, further suggesting a role for the Akt/GSK-3β/Snail signaling in effects mediated through PTEN. Together, these results strongly suggest that fractionated IR-mediated EMT in KYSE-150/RR cells is through PTEN-dependent pathways, highlighting a direct proinvasive effect of radiation treatment on tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhui He
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Chinese PLA General Hospital and Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, affiliated with Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Pan
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangchao Li
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Chinese PLA General Hospital and Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, affiliated with Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Su D, Zhou X, Chen Q, Jiang Y, Yang X, Zheng W, Tao K, Wu J, Yan Z, Liu L, Wu S, Mao W. Prognostic Nomogram for Thoracic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma after Radical Esophagectomy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124437. [PMID: 25893524 PMCID: PMC4404051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nomogram has demonstrated its capability in individualized estimates of survival in diverse cancers. Here we retrospectively investigated 1195 patients with esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) who underwent radical esophagectomy at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital in Hangzhou, China. We randomly assigned two-thirds of the patients to a training cohort (n = 797) and one-third to a validation cohort (n = 398). Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed using the training cohort, and a nomogram was developed for predicting 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates. Multivariate analysis identified tumor length, surgical approach, number of examined lymph node, number of positive lymph node, extent of positive lymph node, grade, and depth of invasion as independent risk factors for survival. The discriminative ability of the nomogram was externally determined using the validation cohort, showing that the nomogram exhibited a sufficient level of discrimination according to the C-index (0.715, 95% CI 0.671–0.759). The C-index of the nomogram was significantly higher than that of the sixth edition (0.664, P-value<0.0001) and the seventh edition (0.696, P-value<0.0003) of the TNM classification. This study developed the first nomogram for ESCC, which can be applied in daily clinical practice for individualized survival prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Su
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinming Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qixun Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youhua Jiang
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weihui Zheng
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaiyi Tao
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Statistics and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Statistics and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shaoyuan Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (WM); (SW)
| | - Weimin Mao
- Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital & Key Laboratory Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (WM); (SW)
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Long-term outcomes of trimodality treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus with cisplatin and/or 5-FU: more than 20 years' experience at a single institution. Strahlenther Onkol 2015; 190:1133-40. [PMID: 25015426 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-014-0711-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this article is to report the outcome of neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (N-RCT) + surgery in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus at a single institution. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed data from patients who were referred to our department for N-RCT. From 1988–2011, 103 patients were treated with N-RCT with cisplatin and/or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Group 1: (n = 55) from 1988–2006 with 39.6–40 Gy and 5-FU with (n = 17) or without cisplatin (n = 38). Group 2: from 2003–2010 with 44–45 Gy and 5-FU with (n = 40) or without cisplatin (n = 8). All patients underwent radical resection with reconstruction according to tumor location and 2-field lymph node dissection. The degree of histomorphologic regression was defined as grade 1a (pCR, 0 % residual tumor), grade 1b (pSTR, < 10 % residual tumor), grade 2 (10–50 % residual tumor), and grade 3 (> 50 % residual tumor). RESULTS Median follow-up time from the start of N-RCT was 100 months (range 2–213 months). The median overall survival (OS) for the whole cohort was 42 months and the 5-year OS was 45 ± 5 %. In the multivariate analysis, worse ECOG performance status (p < 0.001), weight loss > 10 % before the start of the N-RCT (p = 0.025), higher pT category (p = 0.001), and grade 2/3 pathologic remission (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with a poor OS. PCR and pSTR rates for group 1 were 36 % and 18 % compared to 53 % and 22 % for group 2 (p = 0.011). There was a tendency for a better outcome in group 2 patients without statistical significance. The 5-year OS, disease-free survival and recurrent-free survival were 36 ± 7 %, 35 ± 6, and 36 ± 7 % for group 1 and 55 ± 7, 49 ± 7, and 53 ± 7 in group 2 (p = 0.117, p = 0.124, and p = 0.087). There was no significant difference between the two groups considering the postoperative morbidity and mortality. CONCLUSION Higher radiation doses and more use of simultaneous cisplatin lead to higher pathologic response rates to N-RCT and may be associated with better survival outcomes. Prospective controlled trials are needed to assess the true value of intensified N-RCT regimens.
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Vay C, Hosch SB, Stoecklein NH, Klein CA, Vallböhmer D, Link BC, Yekebas EF, Izbicki JR, Knoefel WT, Scheunemann P. Integrin expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: loss of the physiological integrin expression pattern correlates with disease progression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109026. [PMID: 25398092 PMCID: PMC4232252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrins are a family of heterodimeric transmembrane signaling receptors that mediate the adhesive properties of epithelial cells affecting cell growth and differentiation. In many epithelial malignancies, altered integrin expression is associated with tumor progression and often correlates with unfavorable prognosis. However, only few studies have investigated the role of integrin expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Using a novel quantifying immunofluorescence-staining assay, we investigated the expression of the integrins α2β1, α3β1, α6β1, and α6β4 in primary ESCC of 36 patients who underwent surgical resection. Magnitude and distribution of expression were analyzed in primary tumor samples and autologous esophageal squamous epithelium. The persistence of the physiologically polarized expression of the subunits α6, β1, and β4 in the tumor tissue was significantly associated with prolonged relapse-free survival (p = 0.028, p = 0.034, p = 0.006). In contrast, patients with reduced focal α6 expression at the tumor invasion front shared a significantly shortened relapse-free survival compared to patients with strong α6 expression at their stromal surfaces, as it was regularly observed in normal esophageal epithelium (p = 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis identified the maintenance of strong α6 immunoreactivity at the invasion front as an independent prognostic factor for increased relapse-free and disease-specific survival (p = 0.003; p = 0.003). Our findings suggest that alterations in both pattern and magnitude of integrin expression may play a major role in the disease progression of ESCC patients. Particularly, the distinct expression of the integrins α6β4 and α6β1 at the invasion front as well as the maintenance of a polarized integrin expression pattern in the tumor tissue may serve as valuable new markers to assess the aggressiveness of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vay
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Stefan B. Hosch
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of General, Vascular, and Visceral Surgery, Ingolstadt Medical Center, Ingolstadt, Germany
| | - Nikolas H. Stoecklein
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph A. Klein
- Division of Oncogenomics, Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Vallböhmer
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Björn-Christian Link
- Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Emre F. Yekebas
- Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob R. Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfram T. Knoefel
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Scheunemann
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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30
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Short- and long term effects of epidural analgesia on morbidity and mortality of esophageal cancer surgery. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2014; 400:19-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s00423-014-1248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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31
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Benedix F, Dalicho S, Stübs P, Schubert D, Bruns C. Evidenzlage zur minimalinvasiven Chirurgie beim Ösophaguskarzinom. Chirurg 2014; 85:668-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00104-014-2754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer (EC) is the eighth most common cancer worldwide. A worldwide-established consensus on therapeutic pathways for EC is still missing. Debate exists on whether neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment regimens improve the prognosis and which surgical approach reaches objective benefits. SUMMARY This article discusses the appropriate option of the current different curative treatments in patients with EC, including surgical treatment and adjuvant therapy. KEY MESSAGE To maximize survival and quality of life and also decrease postoperative complications, the present recommended therapeutic management of EC should be individualized multidisciplinary team approaches according to patients' staging and physiologic reserve. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The aim of this article is to provide a decision support and also a discussion based on clinical therapeutic strategy in order to characterize the beneficial approach which reaches an optimal balance between radical resection, postoperative outcome and long-term survival of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Cisplatin- vs. oxaliplatin-based radiosensitizing chemotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a comparison of two preoperative radiochemotherapy regimens. Strahlenther Onkol 2014; 190:987-92. [PMID: 24737541 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-014-0661-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the outcomes of two neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (N-RCT) regimens for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (ESCC). METHODS The standard N-RCT regimen for ESCC at our institution between 2002 and 2011 was a total dose of 45 Gy (1.8-Gy fractions) with concomitant cisplatin (20 mg/m(2), days 1-5 and 29-33) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; 225 mg/m(2), 24 h continuous infusion on days 1-33). During the same period, a phase I/II study comparing the standard ESCC N-RCT protocol with a regimen identical except for the replacement of cisplatin with weekly oxaliplatin (40-50 mg/m(2)) was performed at our center. The standard regimen was used to treat 40 patients; 37 received the oxaliplatin regimen. All patients subsequently underwent radical resection with reconstruction according to tumor location and two-field lymph node dissection. RESULTS Median follow-up time from the start of N-RCT was 74 months (range 3-116 months). The two patient groups were comparable in terms of demographic and baseline tumor characteristics. R0 resection was achieved in 37/39 patients (95 %) in the cisplatin-based N-RCT group, compared to 24/37 (65 %) in the oxaliplatin-based group (p = 0.002). A pathological complete response (pCR) was seen in the resection specimens from 18/39 patients (46 %) in the cisplatin-based N-RCT group and in 8/37 (22 %) oxaliplatin-group patients. In the cisplatin group, 2- and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 67 ± 8 % and 60 ± 8 %, respectively (median OS 103 months), compared to 38 ± 8 % and 32 ± 8 %, respectively, for the oxaliplatin group (median OS 17 months; hazard ratio, HR 0.452; 95 % confidence interval, CI 0.244-0.839; p = 0.012). CONCLUSION Oxaliplatin-based N-RCT resulted in poorer outcomes in ESCC patients and should not routinely replace cisplatin-based N-RCT.
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34
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Cella CA, Carlomagno C, Lordick F, Moretto R, De Stefano A, Raimondo L, D'Armiento M, Camera L, Guadagno E, Attademo L, Feliciano S, Matano E. Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Rare Tumor at the Esophagogastric Junction and an Unexpected Durable Complete Response to FOLFOX-4. Oncol Res Treat 2014; 37:55-8. [DOI: 10.1159/000358159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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35
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Ulrich A, Büchler MW. [Surgery under immunosuppression, radiation therapy and chemotherapy]. Chirurg 2013; 84:928-9. [PMID: 24218091 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-013-2511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Ulrich
- Chirurgische Universitätsklinik, Klinikum der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
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Zhang C, Xue G, Bi J, Geng M, Chu H, Guan Y, Wang J, Wang B. Cytoplasmic expression of the ELAV-like protein HuR as a potential prognostic marker in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:73-80. [PMID: 23873103 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most frequent cancers and a leading cause of death from cancer in China. The human ELAV-like protein HuR has been found to contribute to cancer development and progression through stabilizing a group of cellular mRNAs of cancer-related genes. In this study, we investigated the expression of HuR in a cohort of ESCC patients using immunohistochemical staining. HuR detected in the cytoplasm of cancer cells was positive in 46.6% of 58 ESCC specimens; 75.9% of these specimens had nuclear immunoreactivity for HuR. Cytoplasmic HuR expression was higher in cancer tissues compared to 20 matched adjacent noncancerous tissues. A clinicopathological study showed that cytoplasmic HuR expression was positively associated with lymph node metastasis, depth of tumor invasion, and advanced stage, whereas nuclear HuR expression was not correlated with any clinicopathological factors. Patients positive for cytoplasmic HuR expression had a cumulative 5-year survival rate of 25.3%, whereas it was 43.8% for patients negative for cytoplasmic HuR expression. In a multivariate analysis, cytoplasmic HuR expression was an independent prognostic factor, whereas nuclear positivity for HuR was not. Our results indicate that high cytoplasmic HuR expression is associated with positive lymph node metastasis, deep tumor invasion, high stage, and poor survival in ESCC. Thus, HuR is the first mRNA stability protein whose expression is associated with poor survival in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital, Jinan Command of the People's Liberation Army, Shifan Street 25, Tianqiao District, Jinan, 250031, China
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Nakajima M, Kato H. Treatment options for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2013; 14:1345-54. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2013.801454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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38
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Lordick F, Röcken C. The identification of predictive factors for perioperative chemotherapy in esophago-gastric cancer. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:1135-8. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Kato H, Nakajima M. Treatments for esophageal cancer: a review. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 61:330-5. [PMID: 23568356 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-013-0246-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common form of cancer worldwide. The treatments for esophageal cancer depend on its etiology. For mucosal cancer, endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection are standard, while for locally advanced cancer, esophagectomy remains the mainstay. The three most common techniques for thoracic esophagectomy are the transhiatal approach, the Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (right thoracotomy and laparotomy), and the McKeown technique (right thoracotomy followed by laparotomy and neck incision with cervical anastomosis). Surgery for carcinoma of the cervical esophagus requires an extensive procedure with laryngectomy in many cases. When the tumor is more advanced, neoadjuvant chemotherapy or neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is added. The theoretical advantages of adding chemotherapy to the treatment of esophageal cancer are potential tumor down-staging prior to surgery, as well as targeting micrometastases and, thus, decreasing the risk of distant metastasis. Cisplatin- and 5-fluorouracil-based regimes are used worldwide. Chemoradiotherapy is the standard for unresectable esophageal cancer and could also be considered as an option for resectable tumors. For patients who are medically or technically inoperable, concurrent chemoradiotherapy should be the standard of care. Although neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery or salvage surgery after definitive chemoradiotherapy is a practical treatment; judicious patient selection is crucial. It is important to have a thorough understanding of these therapeutic modalities to assist in this endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Surgery I, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
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40
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Uzunoglu FG, Reeh M, Kutup A, Izbicki JR. Surgery of esophageal cancer. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2013; 398:189-93. [PMID: 23354360 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-013-1052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery is the only option for curative treatment in patients with esophageal carcinoma. Despite the debates related to the peri-operative therapy regime, a generally accepted consensus on surgical approach is not reached yet. The debate focuses mainly on pros and cons between radical transthoracic resection and the (limited) transhiatal resection in the last decade. METHODS The PubMed database was searched for randomized trials, meta-analyses, and retrospective single-center studies. The search terms were "esophageal carcinoma," "esophageal junction carcinomas," "transhiatal," "transthoracic," "morbidity," "mortality," and "surgery." RESULTS The radical transthoracic approach should be the standard of care for esophageal carcinoma since it does not go along with an increased risk of postoperative morbidity or mortality but reveals an improved survival. Patient-related co-morbidities are the most influencing factors for the postoperative outcome. For type II esophageal junction carcinoma, treatment options from transhiatal extended gastrectomy to esophagectomy with hemigastrectomy or esophagogastrectomy with colonic interposition are existing. In type III esophagogastric junction carcinomas, the transhiatal extended gastrectomy is the standard of care, and the minimally invasive approach should be performed in specialized centers. CONCLUSION Based on current available study results, this expert review provides a decision support for the best surgical strategy depending on tumor localization and patients' characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G Uzunoglu
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, Germany
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