1
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Stock C. pH-regulated single cell migration. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:639-658. [PMID: 38214759 PMCID: PMC11006768 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02907-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, extra- and intracellular pH have emerged as fundamental regulators of cell motility. Fundamental physiological and pathological processes relying on appropriate cell migration, such as embryonic development, wound healing, and a proper immune defense on the one hand, and autoimmune diseases, metastatic cancer, and the progression of certain parasitic diseases on the other, depend on surrounding pH. In addition, migrating single cells create their own localized pH nanodomains at their surface and in the cytosol. By this means, the migrating cells locally modulate their adhesion to, and the re-arrangement and digestion of, the extracellular matrix. At the same time, the cytosolic nanodomains tune cytoskeletal dynamics along the direction of movement resulting in concerted lamellipodia protrusion and rear end retraction. Extracellular pH gradients as found in wounds, inflamed tissues, or the periphery of tumors stimulate directed cell migration, and long-term exposure to acidic conditions can engender a more migratory and invasive phenotype persisting for hours up to several generations of cells after they have left the acidic milieu. In the present review, the different variants of pH-dependent single cell migration are described. The underlying pH-dependent molecular mechanisms such as conformational changes of adhesion molecules, matrix protease activity, actin (de-)polymerization, and signaling events are explained, and molecular pH sensors stimulated by H+ signaling are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Stock
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectiology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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2
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Koch A, Hofschröer V, Schwab A. Na + /H + exchanger NHE1 is active at cell-cell contacts and facilitates cell dissemination during collective migration of melanoma cells. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e14983. [PMID: 38009253 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Tumour cell detachment from the primary tumour is an early and crucial step of the metastatic cascade. At the single cell level, it was already shown that migrating melanoma cells establish both intra- and extracellular pH gradients and that the Na+ /H+ exchanger NHE1 accumulates at the leading edges to strengthen cell-matrix interactions. However, less is known about the role of NHE1 in collective cell migration and the specific pH microenvironment at tumour cell-cell contacts. We used MV3 melanoma cells transfected with a NHE1-expressing vector or a control vector. NHE1 localization at cell-cell contacts was assessed via immunofluorescence imaging. Collective migration was analysed by live-cell imaging. The NHE1 activity and the perimembranous pH were measured both intra- and extracellularly by ratiometric fluorescence microscopy. NHE1 clearly localizes at cell-cell contacts. Its overexpression further increases migratory speed and translocation in multidirectional pathway analyses. NHE1 overexpressing MV3 cells also move further away from their neighbouring cells during wound closure assays. pH measurements revealed that the NHE1 is highly active at cell-cell contacts of melanoma cells. NHE1-mediated pH dynamics at such contact sites are more prominent in NHE1-overexpressing melanoma cells. Our findings highlight the contribution of the NHE1 towards modulation and plasticity of melanoma cell-cell contacts. We propose that its localization and functional activity at cell-cell contacts promotes evasion of single melanoma cells from the primary tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Koch
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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3
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Park S, Newton J, Hidjir T, Young EWK. Bidirectional airflow in lung airway-on-a-chip with matrix-derived membrane elicits epithelial glycocalyx formation. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:3671-3682. [PMID: 37462986 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00259d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip systems are rapidly advancing as a viable alternative to existing experimental models in respiratory research. To date, however, epithelial cell cultures within lung airway-on-a-chip devices have yet to demonstrate the presence of an epithelial glycocalyx, a thin layer of proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids known to play an important role in regulating epithelial function. Here, we demonstrate that an airway-on-a-chip device that incorporates bidirectional flow mimicking breathing cycles in combination with an ultra-thin matrix-derived membrane (UMM) layer can generate a glycocalyx layer comprised of heparan sulfate. Results with this device and airflow system showed dramatic differences of airway epithelial cell viability and expression of tight junctions, cilia, and mucus over a wide range of flow rates when cultured under oscillatory flow. More importantly, for the first time in a microfluidic organ-on-a-chip setting, we achieved the visualization of an airflow-induced epithelial glycocalyx layer. Our experiments highlight the importance of physiological mimicry in developing in vitro models, as bidirectional airflow showed more representative mucociliary differentiation compared to continuous unidirectional airflow. Thus, the lung airway-on-a-chip platform demonstrated in this study holds great potential as a lung epithelial barrier model for studying the mechanisms of various respiratory diseases and for testing the efficacy of therapeutic candidates in the presence of bidirectional airflow and the glycocalyx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwan Park
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada.
| | - Jeremy Newton
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Tesnime Hidjir
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Edmond W K Young
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada.
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
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4
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Masaike S, Tsuji Y, Kidoaki S. Local pH mapping in the cell adhesion nano-interfaces on a pH-responsive fluorescence-dye-immobilized substrate. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:347-355. [PMID: 36564615 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell-substrate adhesion nano-interfaces can, in principle, exhibit a spatial distribution of local pH values under the influence of the weakly acidic microenvironment of glycocalyx grafted on lipid bilayer cell membrane which is compressed and closely attached to culture substrate in the vicinity of integrin-adhesion complexes. However, a simple local pH distribution imaging methodology has not been developed. In this study, to visualize the local pH distribution at the cell adhesion interface, we prepared glass substrates chemically modified with a pH-responsive fluorescent dye fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), observed the distribution of FITC fluorescence intensity at the adhesion interface of fibroblast (NIH/3T3) and cancer cells (HeLa), and compared the FITC images with the observed distribution of focal adhesions. FITC images were converted to pH mapping based on the pH-fluorescence calibration data of surface-immobilized FITC pre-measured in different pH media, which showed significantly larger regions with lowered pH level (6.8-7.0) from outside the cell (pH 7.4) were observed at the thick inner periphery of HeLa cells while 3T3 cells exhibited smaller lowered pH regions at the thin periphery. The lowered pH regions overlapped with many focal adhesions, and image analysis showed that larger focal adhesions tend to possess more lowered pH sites inside, reflecting enhanced glycocalyx compression due to accumulated integrin-adhesion ligand binding. This tendency was stronger for HeLa than for 3T3 cells. The role of glycocalyx compression and the pH reduction at the cell adhesive interface is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Masaike
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yukie Tsuji
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Biophysical Chemistry, Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, CE41-204, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Satoru Kidoaki
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Biophysical Chemistry, Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, CE41-204, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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5
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Zhou H, Hwarari D, Zhang Y, Mo X, Luo Y, Ma H. Proteomic Analysis Reveals Salicylic Acid as a Pivotal Signal Molecule in Rice Response to Blast Disease Infection. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131702. [PMID: 35807653 PMCID: PMC9269340 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Rice blast disease caused by a fungus, Magnaporthe grisea, is one of the most destructive diseases in rice production worldwide, and salicylic acid (SA) can efficiently decrease the damage of M. grisea. Here, we combined the 2-Dimensional-Liquid Chromatography and the Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (2D-LC-MALDI-TOF-TOF MS) techniques to compare and identify differentially expressed labelled proteins by the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) between the blast-resistant cultivar Minghui and the susceptible rice cultivar Nipponbare in response to blast fungus infection. The group samples were treated with salicylic acid and compared to control samples. A total of 139 DEPs from the two cultivars showed either more than a two-fold change or alternating regulation patterns. Protein functionality analysis also exhibited that these proteins are involved in a wide range of molecular functions including: energy-related activity (30%), signal transduction (11%), redox homeostasis (15%), amino acid and nitrogen metabolism (4%), carbohydrate metabolism (5%), protein folding and assembly (10%), protein hydrolysis (9%), protein synthesis (12%), and other unknown functions (4%). Specifically, we demonstrated that exogenous treatment with salicylic acid promoted recovery in both rice cultivars from Magnaporthe grisea infection by enhancing: the regulation of signal transduction, increasing energy conversion and production through the regulation of the glycolytic pathway, and other various biochemical processes. These findings may facilitate future studies of the molecular mechanisms of rice blast resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an 223300, China;
| | - Delight Hwarari
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Xiaosong Mo
- Jiangsu Grain and Oil Quality Monitoring Center, Nanjing 210031, China;
| | - Yuming Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an 223300, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (H.M.)
| | - Hongyu Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (H.M.)
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6
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Hypoxia and Extracellular Acidification as Drivers of Melanoma Progression and Drug Resistance. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040862. [PMID: 33918883 PMCID: PMC8070386 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and elevated extracellular acidification are prevalent features of solid tumors and they are often shown to facilitate cancer progression and drug resistance. In this review, we have compiled recent and most relevant research pertaining to the role of hypoxia and acidification in melanoma growth, invasiveness, and response to therapy. Melanoma represents a highly aggressive and heterogeneous type of skin cancer. Currently employed treatments, including BRAF V600E inhibitors and immune therapy, often are not effective due to a rapidly developing drug resistance. A variety of intracellular mechanisms impeding the treatment were discovered. However, the tumor microenvironment encompassing stromal and immune cells, extracellular matrix, and physicochemical conditions such as oxygen level or acidity, may also influence the therapy effectiveness. Hypoxia and acidification are able to reprogram the metabolism of melanoma cells, enhance their survival and invasiveness, as well as promote the immunosuppressive environment. For this reason, these physicochemical features of the melanoma niche and signaling pathways related to them emerge as potential therapeutic targets.
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7
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Pathophysiology of Lung Disease and Wound Repair in Cystic Fibrosis. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2021; 28:155-188. [PMID: 35366275 PMCID: PMC8830450 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology28010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive, life-threatening condition affecting many organs and tissues, the lung disease being the chief cause of morbidity and mortality. Mutations affecting the CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene determine the expression of a dysfunctional protein that, in turn, triggers a pathophysiological cascade, leading to airway epithelium injury and remodeling. In vitro and in vivo studies point to a dysregulated regeneration and wound repair in CF airways, to be traced back to epithelial CFTR lack/dysfunction. Subsequent altered ion/fluid fluxes and/or signaling result in reduced cell migration and proliferation. Furthermore, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition appears to be partially triggered in CF, contributing to wound closure alteration. Finally, we pose our attention to diverse approaches to tackle this defect, discussing the therapeutic role of protease inhibitors, CFTR modulators and mesenchymal stem cells. Although the pathophysiology of wound repair in CF has been disclosed in some mechanisms, further studies are warranted to understand the cellular and molecular events in more details and to better address therapeutic interventions.
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8
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Chang HW, Frey G, Liu H, Xing C, Steinman L, Boyle WJ, Short JM. Generating tumor-selective conditionally active biologic anti-CTLA4 antibodies via protein-associated chemical switches. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2020606118. [PMID: 33627407 PMCID: PMC7936328 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020606118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) antibodies have shown potent antitumor activity, but systemic immune activation leads to severe immune-related adverse events, limiting clinical usage. We developed novel, conditionally active biologic (CAB) anti-CTLA4 antibodies that are active only in the acidic tumor microenvironment. In healthy tissue, this binding is reversibly inhibited by a novel mechanism using physiological chemicals as protein-associated chemical switches (PaCS). No enzymes or potentially immunogenic covalent modifications to the antibody are required for activation in the tumor. The novel anti-CTLA4 antibodies show similar efficacy in animal models compared to an analog of a marketed anti-CTLA4 biologic, but have markedly reduced toxicity in nonhuman primates (in combination with an anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitor), indicating a widened therapeutic index (TI). The PaCS encompass mechanisms that are applicable to a wide array of antibody formats (e.g., ADC, bispecifics) and antigens. Examples shown here include antibodies to EpCAM, Her2, Nectin4, CD73, and CD3. Existing antibodies can be engineered readily to be made sensitive to PaCS, and the inhibitory activity can be optimized for each antigen's varying expression level and tissue distribution. PaCS can modulate diverse physiological molecular interactions and are applicable to various pathologic conditions, enabling differential CAB antibody activities in normal versus disease microenvironments.
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MESH Headings
- 5'-Nucleotidase/antagonists & inhibitors
- 5'-Nucleotidase/genetics
- 5'-Nucleotidase/immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/pharmacology
- B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- B7-H1 Antigen/genetics
- B7-H1 Antigen/immunology
- Bicarbonates/chemistry
- CD3 Complex/antagonists & inhibitors
- CD3 Complex/genetics
- CD3 Complex/immunology
- CTLA-4 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- CTLA-4 Antigen/genetics
- CTLA-4 Antigen/immunology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology
- Colonic Neoplasms/genetics
- Colonic Neoplasms/immunology
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Colonic Neoplasms/therapy
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/antagonists & inhibitors
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/genetics
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/immunology
- GPI-Linked Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics
- GPI-Linked Proteins/immunology
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Hydrogen Sulfide/chemistry
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Macaca fascicularis
- Mice
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/immunology
- Protein Engineering/methods
- Receptor, ErbB-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/pathology
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lawrence Steinman
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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Gagnon KB, Delpire E. Sodium Transporters in Human Health and Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 11:588664. [PMID: 33716756 PMCID: PMC7947867 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.588664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium (Na+) electrochemical gradients established by Na+/K+ ATPase activity drives the transport of ions, minerals, and sugars in both excitable and non-excitable cells. Na+-dependent transporters can move these solutes in the same direction (cotransport) or in opposite directions (exchanger) across both the apical and basolateral plasma membranes of polarized epithelia. In addition to maintaining physiological homeostasis of these solutes, increases and decreases in sodium may also initiate, directly or indirectly, signaling cascades that regulate a variety of intracellular post-translational events. In this review, we will describe how the Na+/K+ ATPase maintains a Na+ gradient utilized by multiple sodium-dependent transport mechanisms to regulate glucose uptake, excitatory neurotransmitters, calcium signaling, acid-base balance, salt-wasting disorders, fluid volume, and magnesium transport. We will discuss how several Na+-dependent cotransporters and Na+-dependent exchangers have significant roles in human health and disease. Finally, we will discuss how each of these Na+-dependent transport mechanisms have either been shown or have the potential to use Na+ in a secondary role as a signaling molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth B. Gagnon
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Eric Delpire
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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10
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Pethő Z, Najder K, Carvalho T, McMorrow R, Todesca LM, Rugi M, Bulk E, Chan A, Löwik CWGM, Reshkin SJ, Schwab A. pH-Channeling in Cancer: How pH-Dependence of Cation Channels Shapes Cancer Pathophysiology. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2484. [PMID: 32887220 PMCID: PMC7565548 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue acidosis plays a pivotal role in tumor progression: in particular, interstitial acidosis promotes tumor cell invasion, and is a major contributor to the dysregulation of tumor immunity and tumor stromal cells. The cell membrane and integral membrane proteins commonly act as important sensors and transducers of altered pH. Cell adhesion molecules and cation channels are prominent membrane proteins, the majority of which is regulated by protons. The pathophysiological consequences of proton-sensitive ion channel function in cancer, however, are scarcely considered in the literature. Thus, the main focus of this review is to highlight possible events in tumor progression and tumor immunity where the pH sensitivity of cation channels could be of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Pethő
- Institute of Physiology II, University Münster, 48147 Münster, Germany; (K.N.); (L.M.T.); (M.R.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Karolina Najder
- Institute of Physiology II, University Münster, 48147 Münster, Germany; (K.N.); (L.M.T.); (M.R.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Tiago Carvalho
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 90126 Bari, Italy; (T.C.); (S.J.R.)
| | - Roisin McMorrow
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3035 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (R.M.); (C.W.G.M.L.)
| | - Luca Matteo Todesca
- Institute of Physiology II, University Münster, 48147 Münster, Germany; (K.N.); (L.M.T.); (M.R.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Micol Rugi
- Institute of Physiology II, University Münster, 48147 Münster, Germany; (K.N.); (L.M.T.); (M.R.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Etmar Bulk
- Institute of Physiology II, University Münster, 48147 Münster, Germany; (K.N.); (L.M.T.); (M.R.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Alan Chan
- Percuros B.V., 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Clemens W. G. M. Löwik
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3035 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (R.M.); (C.W.G.M.L.)
- Department of Oncology CHUV, UNIL and Ludwig Cancer Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephan J. Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 90126 Bari, Italy; (T.C.); (S.J.R.)
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, University Münster, 48147 Münster, Germany; (K.N.); (L.M.T.); (M.R.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
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11
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Assessment of proliferation, migration and differentiation potentials of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells labeling with silica-coated and amine-modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:513-525. [PMID: 32394163 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have been widely used for cell labeling in preclinical and clinical studies, to improve labeling efficiency, particle conjugation and surface modifications are developed, but some modified SPIONs exert side-effect on physiological activity of cells, which cannot be served as ideal cell tracker. In this study, amine-modified silica-coated SPIO (SPIO@SiO2-NH2, SPIO@S-N) nanoparticles were used to label bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), then the stem cell potentials were evaluated. It was found BM-MSCs could be efficiently labeled by SPIO@S-N nanoparticles. After labeling, the BM-MSCs viability kept well and the migration ability increased, but the osteogenesis and adipogenesis potentials were not impaired. In steroid associated osteonecrosis (SAON) bone defect model, stem cell implantation was performed by injection of SPIO@S-N labeled BM-MSCs into marrow cavity locally, it was found the SPIO positive cells homed to the periphery of defect region in control group, but were recruited to the defect region in poly lactic-coglycolic acid/tricalcium phosphate (PLGA/TCP) scaffold implantation group. In conclusion, SPIO@S-N nanoparticles promoted migration while retained proliferation and differentiation ability of BM-MSCs, implying this kind of nanoparticles could be served not only an ideal tracking marker but also an accelerator for stem cell homing during tissue repair.
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12
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Wang Y, Zhang N, Lu S, Wang J, Bing T, Liu X, Chen C, Shangguan D. Dual-Monitoring Glycosylation and Local pH in Live Cells by Metabolic Oligosaccharide Engineering with a Ratiometric Fluorescent Tag. Anal Chem 2019; 91:13720-13728. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shanshan Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junyan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Bing
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangjun Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Dihua Shangguan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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13
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Marsico G, Russo L, Quondamatteo F, Pandit A. Glycosylation and Integrin Regulation in Cancer. Trends Cancer 2018; 4:537-552. [PMID: 30064662 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that coordinate extracellular matrix (ECM)-cell and cell-cell interactions, signal transmission, gene expression, and cell function. The aberration of integrin function is one of the well-recognized mechanisms of cancer. The activity of integrins is strongly influenced by glycans through glycosylation events and the establishment of glycan-mediated interactions. Glycans represent a class of ubiquitous biomolecules that display an extraordinary complexity and diversity in both structure and function. Widely expressed both in the ECM and on the cell surface, they play a crucial role in mediating cell proliferation, survival, and metastasis during cancer. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of how both glycosylation of integrins and integrin interaction with the cancer glyco-microenvironment can regulate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Marsico
- CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Laura Russo
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Quondamatteo
- Anatomy Facility, School of Life Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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14
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Rapoport EM, Matveeva VK, Vokhmyanina OA, Belyanchikov IM, Gabius HJ, Bovin NV. Localization of Galectins within Glycocalyx. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:727-737. [DOI: 10.1134/s000629791806010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Kato Y, Maeda T, Suzuki A, Baba Y. Cancer metabolism: New insights into classic characteristics. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2017; 54:8-21. [PMID: 29628997 PMCID: PMC5884251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Initial studies of cancer metabolism in the early 1920s found that cancer cells were phenotypically characterized by aerobic glycolysis, in that these cells favor glucose uptake and lactate production, even in the presence of oxygen. This property, called the Warburg effect, is considered a hallmark of cancer. The mechanism by which these cells acquire aerobic glycolysis has been uncovered. Acidic extracellular fluid, secreted by cancer cells, induces a malignant phenotype, including invasion and metastasis. Cancer cells survival depends on a critical balance of redox status, which is regulated by amino acid metabolism. Glutamine is extremely important for oxidative phosphorylation and redox regulation. Cells highly dependent on glutamine and that cannot survive with glutamine are called glutamine-addicted cells. Metabolic reprogramming has been observed in cancer stem cells, which have the property of self-renewal and are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. These findings suggest that studies of cancer metabolism can reveal methods of preventing cancer recurrence and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Kato
- Department of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama 963-8611, Japan
- Corresponding author. Fax: +81 249328978.
| | - Toyonobu Maeda
- Department of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama 963-8611, Japan
| | - Atsuko Suzuki
- Department of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama 963-8611, Japan
| | - Yuh Baba
- Department of General Clinical Medicine, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama 963-8611, Japan
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16
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Proteoglycans, ion channels and cell-matrix adhesion. Biochem J 2017; 474:1965-1979. [PMID: 28546458 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell surface proteoglycans comprise a transmembrane or membrane-associated core protein to which one or more glycosaminoglycan chains are covalently attached. They are ubiquitous receptors on nearly all animal cell surfaces. In mammals, the cell surface proteoglycans include the six glypicans, CD44, NG2 (CSPG4), neuropilin-1 and four syndecans. A single syndecan is present in invertebrates such as nematodes and insects. Uniquely, syndecans are receptors for many classes of proteins that can bind to the heparan sulphate chains present on syndecan core proteins. These range from cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and morphogens to enzymes and extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins and collagens. Extracellular interactions with other receptors, such as some integrins, are mediated by the core protein. This places syndecans at the nexus of many cellular responses to extracellular cues in development, maintenance, repair and disease. The cytoplasmic domains of syndecans, while having no intrinsic kinase activity, can nevertheless signal through binding proteins. All syndecans appear to be connected to the actin cytoskeleton and can therefore contribute to cell adhesion, notably to the ECM and migration. Recent data now suggest that syndecans can regulate stretch-activated ion channels. The structure and function of the syndecans and the ion channels are reviewed here, along with an analysis of ion channel functions in cell-matrix adhesion. This area sheds new light on the syndecans, not least since evidence suggests that this is an evolutionarily conserved relationship that is also potentially important in the progression of some common diseases where syndecans are implicated.
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17
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Pautu V, Leonetti D, Lepeltier E, Clere N, Passirani C. Nanomedicine as a potent strategy in melanoma tumor microenvironment. Pharmacol Res 2017; 126:31-53. [PMID: 28223185 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma originated from melanocytes is the most aggressive type of skin cancer. Despite considerable progresses in clinical treatment with the discovery of BRAF or MEK inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, the durability of response to treatment is often limited to the development of acquired resistance and systemic toxicity. The limited success of conventional treatment highlights the importance of understanding the role of melanoma tumor microenvironment in tumor developement and drug resistance. Nanoparticles represent a promising strategy for the development of new cancer treatments able to improve the bioavailability of drugs and increase their penetration by targeting specifically tumors cells and/or tumor environment. In this review, we will discuss the main influence of tumor microenvironment in melanoma growth and treatment outcome. Furthermore, third generation loaded nanotechnologies represent an exciting tool for detection, treatment, and escape from possible mechanism of resistance mediated by tumor microenvironment, and will be highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Pautu
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Université Bretagne Loire, IBS-CHU, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France
| | | | - Elise Lepeltier
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Université Bretagne Loire, IBS-CHU, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France
| | - Nicolas Clere
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Université Bretagne Loire, IBS-CHU, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France
| | - Catherine Passirani
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM, CNRS, Université Bretagne Loire, IBS-CHU, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France.
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18
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Hofschröer V, Koch KA, Ludwig FT, Friedl P, Oberleithner H, Stock C, Schwab A. Extracellular protonation modulates cell-cell interaction mechanics and tissue invasion in human melanoma cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42369. [PMID: 28205573 PMCID: PMC5304230 DOI: 10.1038/srep42369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Detachment of cells from the primary tumour precedes metastatic progression by
facilitating cell release into the tissue. Solid tumours exhibit altered pH
homeostasis with extracellular acidification. In human melanoma, the
Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1 is an important modifier of
the tumour nanoenvironment. Here we tested the modulation of cell-cell-adhesion by
extracellular pH and NHE1. MV3 tumour spheroids embedded in a collagen matrix
unravelled the efficacy of cell-cell contact loosening and 3D emigration into an
environment mimicking physiological confinement. Adhesive interaction strength
between individual MV3 cells was quantified using atomic force microscopy and
validated by multicellular aggregation assays. Extracellular acidification from
pHe7.4 to 6.4 decreases cell migration and invasion but increases
single cell detachment from the spheroids. Acidification and NHE1 overexpression
both reduce cell-cell adhesion strength, indicated by reduced maximum pulling forces
and adhesion energies. Multicellular aggregation and spheroid formation are strongly
impaired under acidification or NHE1 overexpression. We show a clear dependence of
melanoma cell-cell adhesion on pHe and NHE1 as a modulator. These effects
are opposite to cell-matrix interactions that are strengthened by protons extruded
via NHE1. We conclude that these opposite effects of NHE1 act synergistically during
the metastatic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter Friedl
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Cell Biology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States.,Cancer Genomics Center, CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christian Stock
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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19
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Stock C, Pedersen SF. Roles of pH and the Na +/H + exchanger NHE1 in cancer: From cell biology and animal models to an emerging translational perspective? Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 43:5-16. [PMID: 28007556 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Acidosis is characteristic of the solid tumor microenvironment. Tumor cells, because they are highly proliferative and anabolic, have greatly elevated metabolic acid production. To sustain a normal cytosolic pH homeostasis they therefore need to either extrude excess protons or to neutralize them by importing HCO3-, in both cases causing extracellular acidification in the poorly perfused tissue microenvironment. The Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) is a ubiquitously expressed acid-extruding membrane transport protein, and upregulation of its expression and/or activity is commonly correlated with tumor malignancy. The present review discusses current evidence on how altered pH homeostasis, and in particular NHE1, contributes to tumor cell motility, invasion, proliferation, and growth and facilitates evasion of chemotherapeutic cell death. We summarize data from in vitro studies, 2D-, 3D- and organotypic cell culture, animal models and human tissue, which collectively point to pH-regulation in general, and NHE1 in particular, as potential targets in combination chemotherapy. Finally, we discuss the possible pitfalls, side effects and cellular escape mechanisms that need to be considered in the process of translating the plethora of basic research data into a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Stock
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Stine Falsig Pedersen
- Department of Biology, Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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20
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Böhme I, Bosserhoff AK. Acidic tumor microenvironment in human melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2016; 29:508-23. [PMID: 27233233 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
One characteristic of solid tumors such as malignant melanoma is the acidification of the tumor microenvironment. The deregulation of cancer cell metabolism is considered a main cause of extracellular acidosis. Here, cancer cells utilize aerobic glycolysis instead of oxidative phosphorylation even under normoxic conditions, as originally described by Otto Warburg. These metabolic alterations cause enhanced acid production, especially of lactate and carbon dioxide (CO2 ). The extensive production of acidic metabolites and the enhanced acid export to the extracellular space cause a consistent acidification of the tumor microenvironment, thus promoting the formation of an acid-resistant tumor cell population with increased invasive and metastatic potential. As melanoma is one of the deadliest and most metastatic forms of cancer, understanding the effects of this extracellular acidosis on human melanoma cells with distinct metastatic properties is important. The aim of this review was to summarize recent studies of the acidification of the tumor microenvironment, focusing on the specific effects of the acidic milieu on melanoma cells and to give a short overview of therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Böhme
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer-Centrum, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Anja Katrin Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer-Centrum, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
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21
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Abstract
Cells are covered by a surface layer of glycans that is referred to as the 'glycocalyx'. In this review, we focus on the role of the glycocalyx in vascular diseases (atherosclerosis, stroke, hypertension, kidney disease and sepsis) and cancer. The glycocalyx and its principal glycosaminoglycans [heparan sulphate (HS) and hyaluronic acid (HA)] and core proteins (syndecans and glypicans) are degraded in vascular diseases, leading to a breakdown of the vascular permeability barrier, enhanced access of leucocytes to the arterial intima that propagate inflammation and alteration of endothelial mechanotransduction mechanisms that protect against disease. By contrast, the glycocalyx on cancer cells is generally robust, promoting integrin clustering and growth factor signalling, and mechanotransduction of interstitial flow shear stress that is elevated in tumours to upregulate matrix metalloproteinase release which enhances cell motility and metastasis. HS and HA are consistently elevated on cancer cells and are associated with tumour growth and metastasis. Later, we will review the agents that might be used to enhance or protect the glycocalyx to combat vascular disease, as well as a different set of compounds that can degrade the cancer cell glycocalyx to suppress cell growth and metastasis. It is clear that what is beneficial for either vascular disease or cancer will not be so for the other. The overarching conclusions are that (i) the importance of the glycocalyx in human medicine is only beginning to be recognized, and (ii) more detailed studies of glycocalyx involvement in vascular diseases and cancer will lead to novel treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Tarbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - L M Cancel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Pedraz-Cuesta E, Fredsted J, Jensen HH, Bornebusch A, Nejsum LN, Kragelund BB, Pedersen SF. Prolactin Signaling Stimulates Invasion via Na(+)/H(+) Exchanger NHE1 in T47D Human Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:693-708. [PMID: 27176613 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) and its receptor (PRLR) are implicated in breast cancer invasiveness, although their exact roles remain controversial. The Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE1) plays essential roles in cancer cell motility and invasiveness, but the PRLR and NHE1 have not previously been linked. Here we show that in T47D human breast cancer cells, which express high levels of PRLR and NHE1, exposure to PRL led to the activation of Janus kinase-2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 (STAT5), Akt, and ERK1/2 signaling and the rapid formation of peripheral membrane ruffles, known to be associated with cell motility. NHE1 was present in small ruffles prior to PRL treatment and was further recruited to the larger, more dynamic ruffles induced by PRL exposure. In PRL-induced ruffles, NHE1 colocalized with activated Akt, ERK1/2, and the ERK effector p90Ribosomal S kinase (p90RSK), known regulators of NHE1 activity. Stimulation of T47D cells with PRL augmented p90RSK activation, Ser703-phosphorylation of NHE1, NHE1-dependent intracellular pH recovery, pericellular acidification, and NHE1-dependent invasiveness. NHE1 activity and localization to ruffles were attenuated by the inhibition of Akt and/or ERK1/2. In contrast, noncancerous MCF10A breast epithelial cells expressed NHE1 and PRLR at lower levels than T47D cells, and their stimulation with PRL induced neither NHE1 activation nor NHE1-dependent invasiveness. In conclusion, we show for the first time that PRLR activation stimulates breast cancer cell invasiveness via the activation of NHE1. We propose that PRL-induced NHE1 activation and the resulting NHE1-dependent invasiveness may contribute to the metastatic behavior of human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pedraz-Cuesta
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology (E.P.-C., J.F., A.B., S.F.P.), Department of Biology, and Structural Biology and NMR laboratory (B.B.K.), Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (H.H.J.) and Department of Clinical Medicine and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (H.H.J., L.N.N.), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jacob Fredsted
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology (E.P.-C., J.F., A.B., S.F.P.), Department of Biology, and Structural Biology and NMR laboratory (B.B.K.), Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (H.H.J.) and Department of Clinical Medicine and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (H.H.J., L.N.N.), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Helene H Jensen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology (E.P.-C., J.F., A.B., S.F.P.), Department of Biology, and Structural Biology and NMR laboratory (B.B.K.), Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (H.H.J.) and Department of Clinical Medicine and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (H.H.J., L.N.N.), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Annika Bornebusch
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology (E.P.-C., J.F., A.B., S.F.P.), Department of Biology, and Structural Biology and NMR laboratory (B.B.K.), Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (H.H.J.) and Department of Clinical Medicine and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (H.H.J., L.N.N.), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lene N Nejsum
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology (E.P.-C., J.F., A.B., S.F.P.), Department of Biology, and Structural Biology and NMR laboratory (B.B.K.), Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (H.H.J.) and Department of Clinical Medicine and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (H.H.J., L.N.N.), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Birthe B Kragelund
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology (E.P.-C., J.F., A.B., S.F.P.), Department of Biology, and Structural Biology and NMR laboratory (B.B.K.), Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (H.H.J.) and Department of Clinical Medicine and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (H.H.J., L.N.N.), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Stine F Pedersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology (E.P.-C., J.F., A.B., S.F.P.), Department of Biology, and Structural Biology and NMR laboratory (B.B.K.), Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (H.H.J.) and Department of Clinical Medicine and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (H.H.J., L.N.N.), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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23
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Boedtkjer E, Bentzon JF, Dam VS, Aalkjaer C. Na+, HCO3--cotransporter NBCn1 increases pHi gradients, filopodia, and migration of smooth muscle cells and promotes arterial remodelling. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 111:227-39. [PMID: 27076468 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Arterial remodelling can cause luminal narrowing and obstruct blood flow. We tested the hypothesis that cellular acid-base transport facilitates proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and enhances remodelling of conduit arteries. METHODS AND RESULTS [Formula: see text]-cotransport via NBCn1 (Slc4a7) mediates net acid extrusion and controls steady-state intracellular pH (pHi) in VSMCs of mouse carotid arteries and primary aortic explants. Carotid arteries undergo hypertrophic inward remodelling in response to partial or complete ligation in vivo, but the increase in media area and thickness and reduction in lumen diameter are attenuated in arteries from NBCn1 knock-out compared with wild-type mice. With [Formula: see text] present, gradients for pHi (∼0.2 units magnitude) exist along the axis of VSMC migration in primary explants from wild-type but not NBCn1 knock-out mice. Knock-out or pharmacological inhibition of NBCn1 also reduces filopodia and lowers initial rates of VSMC migration after scratch-wound infliction. Interventions to reduce H(+)-buffer mobility (omission of [Formula: see text] or inhibition of carbonic anhydrases) re-establish axial pHi gradients, filopodia, and migration rates in explants from NBCn1 knock-out mice. The omission of [Formula: see text] also lowers global pHi and inhibits proliferation in primary explants. CONCLUSION Under physiological conditions (i.e. with [Formula: see text] present), NBCn1-mediated [Formula: see text] uptake raises VSMC pHi and promotes filopodia, VSMC migration, and hypertrophic inward remodelling. We propose that axial pHi gradients enhance VSMC migration whereas global acidification inhibits VSMC proliferation and media hypertrophy after carotid artery ligation. These findings support a key role of acid-base transport, particularly via NBCn1, for development of occlusive artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebbe Boedtkjer
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, Building 1170, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jacob F Bentzon
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Vibeke S Dam
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, Building 1170, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christian Aalkjaer
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, Building 1170, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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24
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Roy D, Das K, Mondal S, Bhowmick D, Dey S, Majumder GC, Mukherjee B, Bhattacharyya D. Epididymal protein ASF is a D-galactose-specific lectin with apoptotic effect on human breast cancer cell line MCF7. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 84:208-20. [PMID: 26706839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Isolated caprine epididymal plasma glycoprotein "anti sticking factor" (ASF) interacts with caudal sperm surface in a D-galactose dependent manner. ASF acts as a Ca(2+) dependent soluble lectin principally activated in acidic pH. As a D-galactose specific lectin, it has a specific affinity for fibronectin as well as fibronectin receptor, i.e. integrins α5β3 and α5β1. By virtue of this particular property, it hampers the in vitro adhesion of the adherent breast cancer cell MCF7 with fibronectin. The effective anti-adhesive concentration of ASF promotes p53 dependent apoptosis in MCF7, which was established by Hoechst 33342 staining, DNA fragmentation assay, FITC tagged Annexin-V flowcytometry and western blot analysis. We suggest that ASF inhibits fibronectin-integrin interactions by binding with them and induces adhesion dependent apoptosis on adherent MCF7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarun Roy
- Division of Cryobiology, Centre for Rural and Cryogenic Technologies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032 West Bengal, India
| | - Kaushik Das
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032 West Bengal, India
| | - Subhasish Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032 West Bengal, India
| | - Debajit Bhowmick
- CU-BD Center of Excellence for Nanobiotechnology, Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Calcutta University, JD-2, Sector-III, Kolkata, 700098 West Bengal, India
| | - Souvik Dey
- Division of Cryobiology, Centre for Rural and Cryogenic Technologies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032 West Bengal, India
| | - Gopal C Majumder
- Division of Cryobiology, Centre for Rural and Cryogenic Technologies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032 West Bengal, India
| | - Biswajit Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032 West Bengal, India
| | - Debdas Bhattacharyya
- Division of Cryobiology, Centre for Rural and Cryogenic Technologies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032 West Bengal, India.
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25
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Maroni L, van de Graaf SFJ, Hohenester SD, Oude Elferink RPJ, Beuers U. Fucosyltransferase 2: a genetic risk factor for primary sclerosing cholangitis and Crohn's disease--a comprehensive review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2015; 48:182-91. [PMID: 24828903 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-014-8423-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) mediates the inclusion of fucose in sugar moieties of glycoproteins and glycolipids. ABO blood group antigens and host-microbe interactions are influenced by FUT2 activity. About 20 % of the population has a "non-secretor" status caused by inactivating variants of FUT2 on both alleles. The non-sense mutation G428A and the missense mutation A385T are responsible for the vast majority of the non-secretor status in Caucasians, Africans, and Asians, respectively. Non-secretor individuals do not secrete fucose-positive antigens and lack fucosylation in epithelia. They also appear to be protected against a number of infectious diseases, such as Norovirus and Rotavirus infections. In recent years, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified inactivating variants at the FUT2 locus to be associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), Crohn's disease (CD), and biochemical markers of biliary damage. These associations are intriguing given the important roles of fucosylated glycans in host-microbe interactions and membrane stability. Non-secretors have a reduced fecal content of Bifidobacteria. The intestinal bacterial composition of CD patients resembles the one of non-secretors, with an increase in Firmicutes and decreases in Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Non-secretor individuals lack fucosylated glycans at the surface of biliary epithelium and display a different bacterial composition of bile compared to secretors. Notably, an intact biliary epithelial glycocalix is relevant for a stable 'biliary HCO3 (-) umbrella' to protect against toxic effects of hydrophobic bile salt monomers. Here, the biology of FUT2 will be discussed as well as hypotheses to explain the role of FUT2 in the pathophysiology of PSC and Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Maroni
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Stock C, Schwab A. Ion channels and transporters in metastasis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:2638-46. [PMID: 25445667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An elaborate interplay between ion channels and transporters, components of the cytoskeleton, adhesion molecules, and signaling cascades provides the basis for each major step of the metastatic cascade. Ion channels and transporters contribute to cell motility by letting through or transporting ions essential for local Ca2+, pH and--in cooperation with water permeable aquaporins--volume homeostasis. Moreover, in addition to the actual ion transport they, or their auxiliary subunits, can display non-conducting activities. They can exert kinase activity in order to phosphorylate cytoskeletal constituents or their associates. They can become part of signaling processes by permeating Ca2+, by generating local pH-nanodomains or by being final downstream effectors. A number of channels and transporters are found at focal adhesions, interacting directly or indirectly with proteins of the extracellular matrix, with integrins or with components of the cytoskeleton. We also include the role of aquaporins in cell motility. They drive the outgrowth of lamellipodia/invadopodia or control the number of β1 integrins in the plasma membrane. The multitude of interacting ion channels and transporters (called transportome) including the associated signaling events holds great potential as therapeutic target(s) for anticancer agents that are aimed at preventing metastasis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Stock
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Kong SC, Giannuzzo A, Gianuzzo A, Novak I, Pedersen SF. Acid-base transport in pancreatic cancer: molecular mechanisms and clinical potential. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 92:449-59. [PMID: 25372771 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors are characterized by a microenvironment that is highly acidic, while intracellular pH (pHi) is normal or even elevated. This is the result of elevated metabolic rates in the highly proliferative cancer cells, in conjunction with often greatly increased rates of net cellular acid extrusion. Studies in various cancers have suggested that while the acid extrusion mechanisms employed are generally the same as those in healthy cells, the specific transporters upregulated vary with the cancer type. The main such transporters include Na(+)/H(+) exchangers, various HCO3(-) transporters, H(+) pumps, and lactate-H(+) cotransporters. The mechanisms leading to their dysregulation in cancer are incompletely understood but include changes in transporter expression levels, trafficking and membrane localization, and posttranslational modifications. In turn, accumulating evidence has revealed that in addition to supporting their elevated metabolic rate, their increased acid efflux capacity endows the cancer cells with increased capacity for invasiveness, proliferation, and chemotherapy resistance. The pancreatic duct exhibits an enormous capacity for acid-base transport, rendering pHi dysregulation a potentially very important topic in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PDAC - accounting for about 90% of all pancreatic cancers - has one of the highest cancer mortality rates known, and new diagnostic and treatment options are highly needed. However, very little is known about whether pH regulation is altered in PDAC and, if so, the possible role of this in cancer development. Here, we review current models for pancreatic acid-base transport and pH homeostasis and summarize current views on acid-base dysregulation in cancer, focusing where possible on the few studies to date in PDAC. Finally, we present new data-mining analyses of acid-base transporter expression changes in PDAC and discuss essential directions for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Chii Kong
- a Section for Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Frontzek F, Nitzlaff S, Horstmann M, Schwab A, Stock C. Functional interdependence of NHE1 and merlin in human melanoma cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 92:530-40. [PMID: 25275700 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) has been correlated with tumor malignancy. In contrast, moesin-radixin-ezrin-like protein (merlin) is a tumor suppressor that protects from cancerogenesis. Merlin is highly related to the members of the ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM) protein family that are directly attached to and functionally linked with NHE1. In addition, merlin inhibits the MAPK cascade and the Rho-GTPases known to activate NHE1 activity. The present study investigates whether NHE1 expression and activity affect merlin or, conversely, whether merlin has an impact on NHE1 in human melanoma (MV3) cells. Indeed, features of merlin-deficient MV3 cells point to a functional link: merlin-deficient cells showed a decreased NHE1 expression and, paradoxically, an increase in NHE1 activity as measured upon cytosolic acidification (NH4Cl prepulse method). Loss of merlin also led to an elevated cell motility that could be further increased by NHE1 overexpression, whereas NHE1 overexpression alone had no effect on migration. In contrast, neither NHE1 expression nor its activity had an impact on merlin expression. These results suggest a novel tumor suppressor function of merlin in melanoma cells: the inhibition of the proto-oncogenic NHE1 activity, possibly including its downstream signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Frontzek
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Sienkiewicz AE, Rosenberg BN, Edwards G, Carreon TA, Bhattacharya SK. Aberrant glycosylation in the human trabecular meshwork. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:130-42. [PMID: 24458570 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the difference in protein glycosylation and glycosylation enzyme levels between glaucomatous and control trabecular meshwork (TM). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Glaucomatous and normal donor (n = 12 each) TM tissues, lectin fluorescence, fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate analyses, and quantitative MS were used to determine the glycosylation levels. Primary TM cells and glycosylation inhibitors were used to determine their effect on cell shape and motility. RESULTS In contrast to elevated levels of glycoproteins determined by lectin fluorescence, simultaneous hyper- and hypo-glycosylation in glaucomatous TM was revealed by fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate analyses. Analyses of enzymes showed elevation of beta-glycosidase 1 and decrease in galactosyltransferase family 6 domain containing protein 1 in the glaucomatous TM. Quantitative MS identified select protein level changes between glaucomatous and normal TM. Primary TM cells were treated with inhibitors to elicit hypo-glycosylation, which affected cell shape, motility, and fluorescent tracer transport across a layer of TM cells. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Global protein glycosylation is aberrant in glaucomatous TM compared to controls. The results presented here suggest that the alteration in global TM protein glycosylation encompassing cellular and extracellular matrix proteins contributes to glaucoma pathology likely mediated through changes in properties of TM cells.
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Schwab A, Stock C. Ion channels and transporters in tumour cell migration and invasion. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20130102. [PMID: 24493750 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a central component of the metastatic cascade requiring a concerted action of ion channels and transporters (migration-associated transportome), cytoskeletal elements and signalling cascades. Ion transport proteins and aquaporins contribute to tumour cell migration and invasion among other things by inducing local volume changes and/or by modulating Ca(2+) and H(+) signalling. Targeting cell migration therapeutically bears great clinical potential, because it is a prerequisite for metastasis. Ion transport proteins appear to be attractive candidate target proteins for this purpose because they are easily accessible as membrane proteins and often overexpressed or activated in cancer. Importantly, a number of clinically widely used drugs are available whose anticipated efficacy as anti-tumour drugs, however, has now only begun to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albrecht Schwab
- Institut für Physiologie II, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, , Robert-Koch-Strasse 27b, Münster 48149, Germany
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Stock C, Ludwig FT, Hanley PJ, Schwab A. Roles of ion transport in control of cell motility. Compr Physiol 2013; 3:59-119. [PMID: 23720281 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell motility is an essential feature of life. It is essential for reproduction, propagation, embryonic development, and healing processes such as wound closure and a successful immune defense. If out of control, cell motility can become life-threatening as, for example, in metastasis or autoimmune diseases. Regardless of whether ciliary/flagellar or amoeboid movement, controlled motility always requires a concerted action of ion channels and transporters, cytoskeletal elements, and signaling cascades. Ion transport across the plasma membrane contributes to cell motility by affecting the membrane potential and voltage-sensitive ion channels, by inducing local volume changes with the help of aquaporins and by modulating cytosolic Ca(2+) and H(+) concentrations. Voltage-sensitive ion channels serve as voltage detectors in electric fields thus enabling galvanotaxis; local swelling facilitates the outgrowth of protrusions at the leading edge while local shrinkage accompanies the retraction of the cell rear; the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration exerts its main effect on cytoskeletal dynamics via motor proteins such as myosin or dynein; and both, the intracellular and the extracellular H(+) concentration modulate cell migration and adhesion by tuning the activity of enzymes and signaling molecules in the cytosol as well as the activation state of adhesion molecules at the cell surface. In addition to the actual process of ion transport, both, channels and transporters contribute to cell migration by being part of focal adhesion complexes and/or physically interacting with components of the cytoskeleton. The present article provides an overview of how the numerous ion-transport mechanisms contribute to the various modes of cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Stock
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Vahle AK, Domikowsky B, Schwöppe C, Krähling H, Mally S, Schäfers M, Hermann S, Shahin V, Haier J, Schwab A, Stock C. Extracellular matrix composition and interstitial pH modulate NHE1-mediated melanoma cell motility. Int J Oncol 2013; 44:78-90. [PMID: 24173371 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1 is required for human melanoma cell adhesion and migration. The goal of the present study was to suppress mouse melanoma (B16V) cell invasion in vivo by inhibiting NHE1. Intravital observations in mobilized left liver lobes of laparotomized male Sprague-Dawley rats disclosed that five minutes after intra-arterial administration of the B16V cell suspension, cells adhered to the endothelia of liver sinusoidal capillaries and started to migrate into the surrounding liver tissue. In the presence of the NHE1-specific inhibitor cariporide, migration/invasion was reduced by about 50% while adhesion was not lowered. Time-lapse video microscopy and adhesion/invasion assays revealed that in vitro, blockade of NHE1 by cariporide i) significantly decreased the migratory speed of the cells and ii) completely inhibited the invasive behavior of both an artificial, basement membrane-like and a dermis-like matrix. Cells were more motile on the basement membrane and more invasive on the dermis-like matrix. Small-animal PET (positron-emission tomography) analyses of B16V metastasis in female C57BL/6 mice showed that, although NHE1 inhibition hardly affected the percentage of animals developing metastases or relapses, metastases seem to get directed to the lungs in cariporide-treated animals while animals feeding on the standard diet show metastases spread all over the body. We conclude that i) B16V cells prefer to invade a dermis-like rather than a basement membrane-like matrix; ii) the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition strongly impacts on NHE1-dependent in vitro cell motility and invasion; and iii) the lungs are metastasis‑prone and impair the efficiency of cariporide due to their ECM composition and the pulmonary interstitial (extravascular) pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Kristin Vahle
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Kato Y, Ozawa S, Miyamoto C, Maehata Y, Suzuki A, Maeda T, Baba Y. Acidic extracellular microenvironment and cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2013; 13:89. [PMID: 24004445 PMCID: PMC3849184 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 878] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidic extracellular pH is a major feature of tumor tissue, extracellular acidification being primarily considered to be due to lactate secretion from anaerobic glycolysis. Clinicopathological evidence shows that transporters and pumps contribute to H+ secretion, such as the Na+/H+ exchanger, the H+-lactate co-transporter, monocarboxylate transporters, and the proton pump (H+-ATPase); these may also be associated with tumor metastasis. An acidic extracellular pH not only activates secreted lysosomal enzymes that have an optimal pH in the acidic range, but induces the expression of certain genes of pro-metastatic factors through an intracellular signaling cascade that is different from hypoxia. In addition to lactate, CO2 from the pentose phosphate pathway is an alternative source of acidity, showing that hypoxia and extracellular acidity are, while being independent from each other, deeply associated with the cellular microenvironment. In this article, the importance of an acidic extracellular pH as a microenvironmental factor participating in tumor progression is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Kato
- Department of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 963-8611, Koriyama, Japan.
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van Horssen R, Willemse M, Haeger A, Attanasio F, Güneri T, Schwab A, Stock CM, Buccione R, Fransen JAM, Wieringa B. Intracellular NAD(H) levels control motility and invasion of glioma cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:2175-90. [PMID: 23307072 PMCID: PMC11113314 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic transformation involves reprogramming of cell metabolism, whereby steady-state levels of intracellular NAD(+) and NADH can undergo dramatic changes while ATP concentration is generally well maintained. Altered expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme of NAD(+)-salvage, accompanies the changes in NAD(H) during tumorigenesis. Here, we show by genetic and pharmacological inhibition of NAMPT in glioma cells that fluctuation in intracellular [NAD(H)] differentially affects cell growth and morphodynamics, with motility/invasion capacity showing the highest sensitivity to [NAD(H)] decrease. Extracellular supplementation of NAD(+) or re-expression of NAMPT abolished the effects. The effects of NAD(H) decrease on cell motility appeared parallel coupled with diminished pyruvate-lactate conversion by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and with changes in intracellular and extracellular pH. The addition of lactic acid rescued and knockdown of LDH-A replicated the effects of [NAD(H)] on motility. Combined, our observations demonstrate that [NAD(H)] is an important metabolic component of cancer cell motility. Nutrient or drug-mediated modulation of NAD(H) levels may therefore represent a new option for blocking the invasive behavior of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco van Horssen
- Department of Cell Biology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences (NCMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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35
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Mitchell MJ, King MR. Computational and experimental models of cancer cell response to fluid shear stress. Front Oncol 2013; 3:44. [PMID: 23467856 PMCID: PMC3587800 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become evident that mechanical forces play a key role in cancer metastasis, a complex series of steps that is responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths. One such force is fluid shear stress, exerted on circulating tumor cells by blood flow in the vascular microenvironment, and also on tumor cells exposed to slow interstitial flows in the tumor microenvironment. Computational and experimental models have the potential to elucidate metastatic behavior of cells exposed to such forces. Here, we review the fluid-generated forces that tumor cells are exposed to in the vascular and tumor microenvironments, and discuss recent computational and experimental models that have revealed mechanotransduction phenomena that may play a role in the metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University Ithaca, NY, USA
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36
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Ludwig FT, Schwab A, Stock C. The Na+/H+-exchanger (NHE1) generates pH nanodomains at focal adhesions. J Cell Physiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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37
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Schwab A, Fabian A, Hanley PJ, Stock C. Role of ion channels and transporters in cell migration. Physiol Rev 2013; 92:1865-913. [PMID: 23073633 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell motility is central to tissue homeostasis in health and disease, and there is hardly any cell in the body that is not motile at a given point in its life cycle. Important physiological processes intimately related to the ability of the respective cells to migrate include embryogenesis, immune defense, angiogenesis, and wound healing. On the other side, migration is associated with life-threatening pathologies such as tumor metastases and atherosclerosis. Research from the last ≈ 15 years revealed that ion channels and transporters are indispensable components of the cellular migration apparatus. After presenting general principles by which transport proteins affect cell migration, we will discuss systematically the role of channels and transporters involved in cell migration.
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38
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Lauritzen G, Stock CM, Lemaire J, Lund SF, Jensen MF, Damsgaard B, Petersen KS, Wiwel M, Rønnov-Jessen L, Schwab A, Pedersen SF. The Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1, but not the Na+, cotransporter NBCn1, regulates motility of MCF7 breast cancer cells expressing constitutively active ErbB2. Cancer Lett 2012; 317:172-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Tarbell JM, Shi ZD. Effect of the glycocalyx layer on transmission of interstitial flow shear stress to embedded cells. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2012; 12:111-21. [PMID: 22411016 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-012-0385-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a simple theoretical model is developed to describe the transmission of force from interstitial fluid flow to the surface of a cell covered by a proteoglycan / glycoprotein layer (glycocalyx) and embedded in an extracellular matrix. Brinkman equations are used to describe flow through the extracellular matrix and glycocalyx layers and the solid mechanical stress developed in the glycocalyx by the fluid flow loading is determined. Using reasonable values for the Darcy permeability of extracellular matrix and glycocalyx layers and interstitial flow velocity, we are able to estimate the fluid and solid shear stresses imposed on the surface of embedded vascular, cartilage and tumor cells in vivo and in vitro. The principal finding is that the surface solid stress is typically one to two orders of magnitude larger than the surface fluid stress. This indicates that interstitial flow shear stress can be sensed by the cell surface glycocalyx, supporting numerous recent observations that interstitial flow can induce mechanotransduction in embedded cells. This study may contribute to understanding of interstitial flow-related mechanobiology in embryogenesis, tumorigenesis, tissue physiology and diseases and has implications in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Tarbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.
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40
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Plasma Membrane-Associated Glycohydrolases Activation by Extracellular Acidification due to Proton Exchangers. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:1296-307. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
In April 2011, researchers from diverse background met at the Gulbenkian Institute (Oeiras, Portugal) to discuss the emerging input of biophysics into the field of developmental biology. The scope of the workshop was to bring together scientists working in different model systems and to discuss some of the most recent advances towards understanding how physical forces affect embryonic development. Discussions and talks highlighted two main trends: that many aspects of embryogenesis can be accurately quantified and translated into a limited number of physical forces and biochemical parameters; and that simulations and modeling provide new conceptual interpretations of classical developmental questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Vermot
- IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), Inserm U964, CNRS UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch, F-67404 France
| | - Markus Affolter
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Decorin and chondroitin-6 sulfate inhibit B16V melanoma cell migration and invasion by cellular acidification. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:2641-50. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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Martin C, Pedersen SF, Schwab A, Stock C. Intracellular pH gradients in migrating cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010; 300:C490-5. [PMID: 21148407 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00280.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell polarization along the axis of movement is required for migration. The localization of proteins and regulators of the migratory machinery to either the cell front or its rear results in a spatial asymmetry enabling cells to simultaneously coordinate cell protrusion and retraction. Protons might function as such unevenly distributed regulators as they modulate the interaction of focal adhesion proteins and components of the cytoskeleton in vitro. However, an intracellular pH (pH(i)) gradient reflecting a spatial asymmetry of protons has not been shown so far. One major regulator of pH(i), the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger NHE1, is essential for cell migration and accumulates at the cell front. Here, we test the hypothesis that the uneven distribution of NHE1 activity creates a pH(i) gradient in migrating cells. Using the pH-sensitive fluorescent dye BCECF, pH(i) was measured in five cell lines (MV3, B16V, NIH3T3, MDCK-F1, EA.hy926) along the axis of movement. Differences in pH(i) between the front and the rear end (ΔpH(i) front-rear) were present in all cell lines, and inhibition of NHE1 either with HOE642 or by absence of extracellular Na(+) caused the pH(i) gradient to flatten or disappear. In conclusion, pH(i) gradients established by NHE1 activity exist along the axis of movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Martin
- Institute of Physiology II, II, University of Muenster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Kirk KL. CFTR channels and wound healing. Focus on “Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator is involved in airway epithelial wound repair”. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010; 299:C888-90. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00313.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L. Kirk
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Department of Neurobiology, Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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