1
|
Hubbard WB, Velmurugan GV, Sullivan PG. The role of mitochondrial uncoupling in the regulation of mitostasis after traumatic brain injury. Neurochem Int 2024; 174:105680. [PMID: 38311216 PMCID: PMC10922998 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Mitostasis, the maintenance of healthy mitochondria, plays a critical role in brain health. The brain's high energy demands and reliance on mitochondria for energy production make mitostasis vital for neuronal function. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis, leading to secondary cellular damage, neuronal degeneration, and cognitive deficits. Mild mitochondrial uncoupling, which dissociates ATP production from oxygen consumption, offers a promising avenue for TBI treatment. Accumulating evidence, from endogenous and exogenous mitochondrial uncoupling, suggests that mitostasis is closely regulating by mitochondrial uncoupling and cellular injury environments may be more sensitive to uncoupling. Mitochondrial uncoupling can mitigate calcium overload, reduce oxidative stress, and induce mitochondrial proteostasis and mitophagy, a process that eliminates damaged mitochondria. The interplay between mitochondrial uncoupling and mitostasis is ripe for further investigation in the context of TBI. These multi-faceted mechanisms of action for mitochondrial uncoupling hold promise for TBI therapy, with the potential to restore mitochondrial health, improve neurological outcomes, and prevent long-term TBI-related pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Brad Hubbard
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Lexington Veterans' Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Gopal V Velmurugan
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Patrick G Sullivan
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Lexington Veterans' Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sánchez-Fernández C, Del Olmo-Aguado S, Artime E, Barros A, Fernández-Vega Cueto L, Merayo-Lloves J, Alcalde I. Immunocytochemical Analysis of Crocin against Oxidative Stress in Trigeminal Sensory Neurons Innervating the Cornea. Molecules 2024; 29:456. [PMID: 38257369 PMCID: PMC10818698 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Corneal diseases are a major cause of vision loss, often associated with aging, trauma and disease. Damage to corneal sensory innervation leads to discomfort and pain. Environmental stressors, such as short-wavelength light, can induce oxidative stress that alters mitochondrial function and affects cell and tissue homeostasis, including corneal innervation. Cellular antioxidant mechanisms may attenuate oxidative stress. This study investigates crocin, a derivative of saffron, as a potential antioxidant therapy. In vitro rat trigeminal sensory ganglion neurons were exposed to both sodium azide and blue light overexposure as a model of oxidative damage. Crocin was used as a neuroprotective agent. Mitochondrial and cytoskeletal markers were studied by immunofluorescence analysis to determine oxidative damage and neuroprotection. In vivo corneal innervation degeneration was evaluated in cornea whole mount preparations using Sholl analyses. Blue light exposure induces oxidative stress that affects trigeminal neuron mitochondria and alters sensory axon dynamics in vitro, and it also affects corneal sensory innervation in an in vivo model. Our results show that crocin was effective in preserving mitochondrial function and protecting corneal sensory neurons from oxidative stress. Crocin appears to be a promising candidate for the neuroprotection of corneal innervation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sánchez-Fernández
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (C.S.-F.); (S.D.O.-A.); (E.A.); (A.B.); (L.F.-V.C.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Susana Del Olmo-Aguado
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (C.S.-F.); (S.D.O.-A.); (E.A.); (A.B.); (L.F.-V.C.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Enol Artime
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (C.S.-F.); (S.D.O.-A.); (E.A.); (A.B.); (L.F.-V.C.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alberto Barros
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (C.S.-F.); (S.D.O.-A.); (E.A.); (A.B.); (L.F.-V.C.); (J.M.-L.)
| | - Luis Fernández-Vega Cueto
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (C.S.-F.); (S.D.O.-A.); (E.A.); (A.B.); (L.F.-V.C.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús Merayo-Lloves
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (C.S.-F.); (S.D.O.-A.); (E.A.); (A.B.); (L.F.-V.C.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Alcalde
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33012 Oviedo, Spain; (C.S.-F.); (S.D.O.-A.); (E.A.); (A.B.); (L.F.-V.C.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zanotti F, Zanolla I, Trentini M, Tiengo E, Pusceddu T, Licastro D, Degasperi M, Leo S, Tremoli E, Ferroni L, Zavan B. Mitochondrial Metabolism and EV Cargo of Endothelial Cells Is Affected in Presence of EVs Derived from MSCs on Which HIF Is Activated. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24066002. [PMID: 36983075 PMCID: PMC10055915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24066002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted growing interest as a possible novel therapeutic agent for the management of different cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Hypoxia significantly enhances the secretion of angiogenic mediators from MSCs as well as sEVs. The iron-chelating deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) is a stabilizer of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and consequently used as a substitute for environmental hypoxia. The improved regenerative potential of DFO-treated MSCs has been attributed to the increased release of angiogenic factors, but whether this effect is also mediated by the secreted sEVs has not yet been investigated. In this study, we treated adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) with a nontoxic dose of DFO to harvest sEVs (DFO-sEVs). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with DFO-sEVs underwent mRNA sequencing and miRNA profiling of sEV cargo (HUVEC-sEVs). The transcriptomes revealed the upregulation of mitochondrial genes linked to oxidative phosphorylation. Functional enrichment analysis on miRNAs of HUVEC-sEVs showed a connection with the signaling pathways of cell proliferation and angiogenesis. In conclusion, mesenchymal cells treated with DFO release sEVs that induce in the recipient endothelial cells molecular pathways and biological processes strongly linked to proliferation and angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Zanotti
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zanolla
- Biomedicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Trentini
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Tiengo
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tommaso Pusceddu
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - Sara Leo
- GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Elena Tremoli
- GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Letizia Ferroni
- GVM Care & Research, Maria Cecilia Hospital, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Regulation of Aging and Longevity by Ion Channels and Transporters. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071180. [PMID: 35406743 PMCID: PMC8997527 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie age-related physiological decline, our ability to translate these insights into actionable strategies to extend human healthspan has been limited. One of the major reasons for the existence of this barrier is that with a few important exceptions, many of the proteins that mediate aging have proven to be undruggable. The argument put forth here is that the amenability of ion channels and transporters to pharmacological manipulation could be leveraged to develop novel therapeutic strategies to combat aging. This review delves into the established roles for ion channels and transporters in the regulation of aging and longevity via their influence on membrane excitability, Ca2+ homeostasis, mitochondrial and endolysosomal function, and the transduction of sensory stimuli. The goal is to provide the reader with an understanding of emergent themes, and prompt further investigation into how the activities of ion channels and transporters sculpt the trajectories of cellular and organismal aging.
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu H, Prokosch V. Energy Metabolism in the Inner Retina in Health and Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073689. [PMID: 33916246 PMCID: PMC8036449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness, is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons and leads to visual loss and blindness. Risk factors for the onset and progression of glaucoma include systemic and ocular factors such as older age, lower ocular perfusion pressure, and intraocular pressure (IOP). Early signs of RGC damage comprise impairment of axonal transport, downregulation of specific genes and metabolic changes. The brain is often cited to be the highest energy-demanding tissue of the human body. The retina is estimated to have equally high demands. RGCs are particularly active in metabolism and vulnerable to energy insufficiency. Understanding the energy metabolism of the inner retina, especially of the RGCs, is pivotal for understanding glaucoma’s pathophysiology. Here we review the key contributors to the high energy demands in the retina and the distinguishing features of energy metabolism of the inner retina. The major features of glaucoma include progressive cell death of retinal ganglions and optic nerve damage. Therefore, this review focuses on the energetic budget of the retinal ganglion cells, optic nerve and the relevant cells that surround them.
Collapse
|
6
|
Semenova AA, Samartsev VN, Dubinin MV. The stimulation of succinate-fueled respiration of rat liver mitochondria in state 4 by α,ω-hexadecanedioic acid without induction of proton conductivity of the inner membrane. Intrinsic uncoupling of the bc 1 complex. Biochimie 2021; 181:215-225. [PMID: 33400934 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The paper shows that natural α,ω-dioic acid, α,ω-hexadecanedioic acid (HDA), is able to stimulate the respiration of succinate-fueled rat liver mitochondria in state 4 without induction of proton conductivity of the inner membrane. This effect of HDA is less pronounced in glutamate/malate-fueled mitochondria, as well as in the case of ascorbate/TMPD or ascorbate/ferrocyanide substrate systems, which transfer electrons directly to cytochrome c. It is noted that HDA-induced stimulation of respiration is not associated with damage to the inner membrane in a part of mitochondria and with shunting of electrons through the bc1 complex. Therefore, HDA can be considered as a natural decoupling agent. Specific inhibitors of the bc1 complex (antimycin A and myxothiazole) as well as malonate and dithionitrobenzoate were used in the inhibitory analysis. These and other experiments have shown that during the oxidation of succinate in liver mitochondria, the decoupling effect of HDA is mainly carried out at the level of the bc1 complex. We hypothesized that HDA is capable of promoting the cyclic transport of protons within the bc1 complex and thus switch this complex to the idle mode of operation (intrinsic uncoupling of the bc1 complex). Induction of free respiration in liver mitochondria by HDA at the level of the bc1 complex is considered as one of the "rescue pathways" of hepatocytes in various pathological conditions, accompanied by disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and increased oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alena A Semenova
- Mari State University, Pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, 424001, Russia
| | - Victor N Samartsev
- Mari State University, Pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, 424001, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Dubinin
- Mari State University, Pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, 424001, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Szkaradkiewicz-Karpińska AK, Szkaradkiewicz A. Effect of exopolysaccharides from cariogenic bacteria on human gingival fibroblasts. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2666-2672. [PMID: 34104099 PMCID: PMC8176186 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.57221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm (dental plaque) plays a key role in caries etiopathogenesis and chronic periodontitis in humans. Dental plaque formation is determined by exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by cariogenic and periopathogenic bacteria. The most frequent cariogenic bacteria include oral streptococci (in particular S. mutans) and lactobacilli (most frequently L. acidophilus). In turn, the dominant periopathogen in periodontitis is Porphyromonas gingivalis. Development of dental caries is often accompanied with gingivitis constituting the mildest form of periodontal disease. Basic cellular components of the gingiva tissue are fibroblasts the damage of which determines the progression of chronic periodontitis. Due to insufficient knowledge of the direct effect of dental plaque on metabolic activity of the fibroblasts, this work analyses the effect of EPSs produced by S. mutans and L. acidophilus strains (H2O2-producing and H2O2-not producing) on ATP levels in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1) and their viability. EPSs produced in 48-hours bacterial cultures were isolated by precipitation method and quantitatively determined by phenol - sulphuric acid assay. ATP levels in HGF-1 were evaluated using a luminescence test, and cell viability was estimated using fluorescence test. The tests have proven that EPS from S. mutans did not affect the levels of ATP in HGF-1. Whereas EPS derived from L. acidophilus strains, irrespective of the tested strain, significantly increased ATP levels in HGF-1. The analysed EPSs did not affect the viability of cells. The tests presented in this work show that EPSs from cariogenic bacteria have no cytotoxic effect on HGF-1. At the same time, the results provide new data indicating that EPSs from selected oral lactobacilli may have stimulating effect on the synthesis of ATP in gingival fibroblasts which increases their energetic potential and takes a protective effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Szkaradkiewicz-Karpińska
- Department of Preclinical Conservative Dentistry and Preclinical Endodontics, University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Szkaradkiewicz
- Institute of Health and Physical Culture, State Higher Vocational School, 64-100 Leszno, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guvatova Z, Dalina A, Marusich E, Pudova E, Snezhkina A, Krasnov G, Kudryavtseva A, Leonov S, Moskalev A. Protective effects of carotenoid fucoxanthin in fibroblasts cellular senescence. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 189:111260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
9
|
Klaus S, Ost M. Mitochondrial uncoupling and longevity - A role for mitokines? Exp Gerontol 2019; 130:110796. [PMID: 31786315 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging has been viewed both as a random process due to accumulation of molecular and cellular damage over time and as a programmed process linked to cellular pathway important for growth and maturation. These views converge on mitochondria as both the major producer of damaging reactive oxidant species (ROS) and as signaling organelles. A finite proton leak across the inner mitochondrial membrane leading to a slight uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and respiration is an intrinsic property of all mitochondria and according to the "uncoupling to survive" hypothesis it has evolved to protect against ROS production to minimize oxidative damage. This hypothesis is supported by evidence linking an increased endogenous, uncoupling protein (UCP1) mediated, as well as experimentally induced mitochondrial uncoupling to an increased lifespan in rodents. This is possibly due to the synergistic activation of molecular pathways linked to life extending effects of caloric restriction as well as a mitohormetic response. Mitohormesis is an adaptive stress response through mitonuclear signaling which increases stress resistance resulting in health promoting effects. Part of this response is the induction of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), two stress-induced mitokines which elicit beneficial systemic metabolic effects via endocrine action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Klaus
- German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Mario Ost
- German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Núñez-Álvarez C, Osborne N. Blue light exacerbates and red light counteracts negative insults to retinal ganglion cells in situ and R28 cells in vitro. Neurochem Int 2019; 125:187-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
11
|
He Y, Wang X, Liu X, Ji Z, Ren Y. Decreased uncoupling protein 2 expression in aging retinal pigment epithelial cells. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:375-380. [PMID: 30918803 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.03.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To analyze the expression of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells at the different human age, further explore the possible new target of RPE cells protection. METHODS Adult retinal pigment epithelial-19 (ARPE-19) cells and the primary RPE cells at the different age (9-20y, 50-55y, 60-70y, >70y) were cultured and harvested. The expression of UCP2 in these cells was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot and confocal microscopy. RESULTS Cells from the donors more than 60y are larger and more fibroblastic in appearance compared to ARPE-19 cells and those primary cultures obtained from the younger individuals by using phase-contrast micrographs. Results of RT-PCR, Western blot and confocal microscopy all showed that UCP2 was highly expressed in ARPE-19 cells and in the younger primary cultured human RPE cells at the age of 9-20y and 50-55y, whereas lower expression of UCP2 was measured in the older primary cultured human RPE cells at the age more than 60y. CONCLUSION Expression of UCP2 gene is decreased in aged RPE cells, promoting the lower ability of anti-oxidation in these cells. It is indicated that UCP2 gene might be a new target for protecting the cells from oxidative stress damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University; Ocular immunology and Inflammation Institute; Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University; Ocular immunology and Inflammation Institute; Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University; Ocular immunology and Inflammation Institute; Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhi Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University; Ocular immunology and Inflammation Institute; Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University; Ocular immunology and Inflammation Institute; Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gao JL, Zhao J, Zhu HB, Peng X, Zhu JX, Ma MH, Fu Y, Hu N, Tai Y, Xuan XC, Dong DL. Characterizations of mitochondrial uncoupling induced by chemical mitochondrial uncouplers in cardiomyocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:288-298. [PMID: 29935261 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Induction of mild mitochondrial uncoupling is protective in a variety of disorders; however, it is unclear how to recognize the mild mitochondrial uncoupling induced by chemical mitochondrial uncouplers. The aim of the present study is to identify the pharmacological properties of mitochondrial uncoupling induced by mitochondrial uncouplers in cardiomyocytes. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were cultured. Protein levels were measured by using western blot technique. The whole cell respiratory function was determined by using high-resolution respirometry. The typical types of chemical mitochondrial uncouplers, carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP), niclosamide, and BAM15, induced biphasic change of STAT3 activity in cardiomyocytes, activating STAT3 at low dose and inhibiting STAT3 at high dose, though the dose range of these drugs was distinct. Low-dose uncouplers induced STAT3 activation through the mild increase of mitochondrial ROS (mitoROS) generation and the subsequent JAK/STAT3 activation in cardiomyocytes. However, high-dose uncouplers induced inhibition of STAT3, decrease of ATP production, and cardiomyocyte death. High-dose uncouplers induced STAT3 inhibition through the excessive mitoROS generation and the decreased ATP -induced AMPK activation. Low-dose mitochondrial uncouplers attenuated doxorubicin (DOX)-induced STAT3 inhibition and cardiomyocyte death, and activated STAT3 contributed to the cardioprotection of low-dose mitochondrial uncouplers. Uncoupler-induced mild mitochondrial uncoupling in cardiomyocytes is characterized by STAT3 activation and ATP increase whereas excessive mitochondrial uncoupling is characterized by STAT3 inhibition, ATP decrease and cell injury. Development of mitochondrial uncoupler with optimal dose window of inducing mild uncoupling is a promising strategy for heart protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lai Gao
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road 157, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, PR China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road 157, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, PR China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, PR China
| | - Hai-Bin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road 157, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, PR China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, PR China
| | - Xuan Peng
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road 157, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, PR China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, PR China
| | - Jun-Xue Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road 157, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, PR China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, PR China
| | - Ming-Hui Ma
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road 157, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, PR China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, PR China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road 157, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, PR China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, PR China
| | - Nan Hu
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road 157, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, PR China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, PR China
| | - Yu Tai
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road 157, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, PR China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, PR China
| | - Xiu-Chen Xuan
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road 157, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, PR China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, PR China
| | - De-Li Dong
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road 157, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, PR China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Heise V, Zsoldos E, Suri S, Sexton C, Topiwala A, Filippini N, Mahmood A, Allan CL, Singh-Manoux A, Kivimäki M, Mackay CE, Ebmeier KP. Uncoupling protein 2 haplotype does not affect human brain structure and function in a sample of community-dwelling older adults. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181392. [PMID: 28771482 PMCID: PMC5542610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is a mitochondrial membrane protein that plays a role in uncoupling electron transport from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) formation. Polymorphisms of the UCP2 gene in humans affect protein expression and function and have been linked to survival into old age. Since UCP2 is expressed in several brain regions, we investigated in this study whether UCP2 polymorphisms might 1) affect occurrence of neurodegenerative or mental health disorders and 2) affect measures of brain structure and function. We used structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion-weighted MRI and resting-state functional MRI in the neuroimaging sub-study of the Whitehall II cohort. Data from 536 individuals aged 60 to 83 years were analyzed. No association of UCP2 polymorphisms with the occurrence of neurodegenerative disorders or grey and white matter structure or resting-state functional connectivity was observed. However, there was a significant effect on occurrence of mood disorders in men with the minor alleles of -866G>A (rs659366) and Ala55Val (rs660339)) being associated with increasing odds of lifetime occurrence of mood disorders in a dose dependent manner. This result was not accompanied by effects of UCP2 polymorphisms on brain structure and function, which might either indicate that the sample investigated here was too small and underpowered to find any significant effects, or that potential effects of UCP2 polymorphisms on the brain are too subtle to be picked up by any of the neuroimaging measures used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Heise
- OHBA, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Enikő Zsoldos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sana Suri
- OHBA, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Sexton
- OHBA, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anya Topiwala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Filippini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Abda Mahmood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte L. Allan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Archana Singh-Manoux
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Hôpital Paul Brousse, INSERM, U1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clare E. Mackay
- OHBA, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus P. Ebmeier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mitochondria and mitochondria-induced signalling molecules as longevity determinants. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 165:115-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
15
|
Reduced brain UCP2 expression mediated by microRNA-503 contributes to increased stroke susceptibility in the high-salt fed stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat. Cell Death Dis 2017. [PMID: 28640254 PMCID: PMC5520932 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UCP2 maps nearby the lod score peak of STR1-stroke QTL in the SHRSP rat strain. We explored the potential contribution of UCP2 to the high-salt diet (JD)-dependent increased stroke susceptibility of SHRSP. Male SHRSP, SHRSR, two reciprocal SHRSR/SHRSP-STR1/QTL stroke congenic lines received JD for 4 weeks to detect brain UCP2 gene/protein modulation as compared with regular diet (RD). Brains were also analyzed for NF-κB protein expression, oxidative stress level and UCP2-targeted microRNAs expression level. Next, based on knowledge that fenofibrate and Brassica Oleracea (BO) stimulate UCP2 expression through PPARα activation, we monitored stroke occurrence in SHRSP receiving JD plus fenofibrate versus vehicle, JD plus BO juice versus BO juice plus PPARα inhibitor. Brain UCP2 expression was markedly reduced by JD in SHRSP and in the (SHRsr.SHRsp-(D1Rat134-Mt1pa)) congenic line, whereas NF-κB expression and oxidative stress level increased. The opposite phenomenon was observed in the SHRSR and in the (SHRsp.SHRsr-(D1Rat134-Mt1pa)) reciprocal congenic line. Interestingly, the UCP2-targeted rno-microRNA-503 was significantly upregulated in SHRSP and decreased in SHRSR upon JD, with consistent changes in the two reciprocal congenic lines. Both fenofibrate and BO significantly decreased brain microRNA-503 level, upregulated UCP2 expression and protected SHRSP from stroke occurrence. In vitro overexpression of microRNA-503 in endothelial cells suppressed UCP2 expression and led to a significant increase of cell mortality with decreased cell viability. Brain UCP2 downregulation is a determinant of increased stroke predisposition in high-salt-fed SHRSP. In this context, UCP2 can be modulated by both pharmacological and nutraceutical agents. The microRNA-503 significantly contributes to mediate brain UCP2 downregulation in JD-fed SHRSP.
Collapse
|
16
|
Palleria C, Leporini C, Maida F, Succurro E, De Sarro G, Arturi F, Russo E. Potential effects of current drug therapies on cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes. Front Neuroendocrinol 2016; 42:76-92. [PMID: 27521218 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disease that can cause serious damage to various organs. Among the best-known complications, an important role is played by cognitive impairment. Impairment of cognitive functioning has been reported both in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. While this comorbidity has long been known, no major advances have been achieved in clinical research; it is clear that appropriate control of blood glucose levels represents the best current (although unsatisfactory) approach in the prevention of cognitive impairment. We have focused our attention on the possible effect on the brain of antidiabetic drugs, despite their effects on blood glucose levels, giving a brief rationale on the mechanisms (e.g. GLP-1, BDNF, ghrelin) that might be involved. Indeed, GLP-1 agonists are currently clinically studied in other neurodegenerative diseases (i.e. Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease); furthermore, also other antidiabetic drugs have proven efficacy in preclinical studies. Overall, promising results are already available and finding new intervention strategies represents a current need in this field of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Palleria
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Christian Leporini
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Maida
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elena Succurro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Internal Medicine Unit of "Mater Domini", University Hospital, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Policlinico "Mater Domini", Campus Universitario, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Franco Arturi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Internal Medicine Unit of "Mater Domini", University Hospital, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Policlinico "Mater Domini", Campus Universitario, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Effect of temperature on oxidative stress, antioxidant levels and uncoupling protein expression in striped hamsters. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 189:84-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
18
|
Zhao XY, Zhang JY, Cao J, Zhao ZJ. Oxidative Damage Does Not Occur in Striped Hamsters Raising Natural and Experimentally Increased Litter Size. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141604. [PMID: 26505889 PMCID: PMC4624642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Life-history theory assumes that animals can balance the allocation of limited energy or resources to the competing demands of growth, reproduction and somatic maintenance, while consequently maximizing their fitness. However, somatic damage caused by oxidative stress in reproductive female animals is species-specific or is tissue dependent. In the present study, several markers of oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 and malonadialdehyde, MDA) and antioxidant (catalase, CAT and total antioxidant capacity, T-AOC) were examined in striped hamsters during different stages of reproduction with experimentally manipulated litter size. Energy intake, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and UCP3 in skeletal muscle were also examined. H2O2 and MDA levels did not change in BAT and liver, although they significantly decreased in skeletal muscle in the lactating hamsters compared to the non-reproductive group. However, H2O2 levels in the brain were significantly higher in lactating hamsters than non-reproductive controls. Experimentally increasing litter size did not cause oxidative stress in BAT, liver and skeletal muscle, but significantly elevated H2O2 levels in the brain. CAT activity of liver decreased, but CAT and T-AOC activity of BAT, skeletal muscle and the brain did not change in lactating hamsters compared to non-reproductive controls. Both antioxidants did not change with the experimentally increasing litter size. RMR significantly increased, but BAT UCP1 mRNA expression decreased with the experimentally increased litter size, suggesting that it was against simple positive links between metabolic rate, UCP1 expression and free radicals levels. It may suggest that the cost of reproduction has negligible effect on oxidative stress or even attenuates oxidative stress in some active tissues in an extensive range of animal species. But the increasing reproductive effort may cause oxidative stress in the brain, indicating that oxidative stress in response to reproduction is tissue dependent. These findings provide partial support for the life-history theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ya Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ji-Ying Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jing Cao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Adakeeva SI, Dubinin MV, Samartsev VN. Malonate as an inhibitor of cyclosporine A-sensitive calcium-independent free oxidation in liver mitochondria induced by fatty acids. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW SUPPLEMENT SERIES A-MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s199074781501002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
20
|
Catecholamine secretion by chemical hypoxia in guinea-pig, but not rat, adrenal medullary cells: differences in mitochondria. Neuroscience 2015; 301:134-43. [PMID: 26047729 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of mitochondrial inhibitors (CN(-), a complex IV inhibitor and CCCP, protonophore) on catecholamine (CA) secretion and mitochondrial function were explored functionally and biochemically in rat and guinea-pig adrenal chromaffin cells. Guinea-pig chromaffin cells conspicuously secreted CA in response to CN(-) or CCCP, but rat cells showed a little, if any, secretory response to either of them. The resting metabolic rates in rat adrenal medullae did not differ from those in guinea-pig adrenal medullae. On the other hand, the time course of depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in guinea-pig chromaffin cells in response to CN(-) was slower than that in rat chromaffin cells, and this difference was abolished by oligomycin, an F1F0-ATPase inhibitor. The extent of CCCP-induced decrease in cellular ATP in guinea-pig chromaffin cells, which was indirectly measured using a Mg(2+) indicator, was smaller than that in rat chromaffin cells. Relative expression levels of F1F0-ATPase inhibitor factor in guinea-pig adrenal medullae were smaller than in rat adrenal medullae, and the opposite was true for F1F0-ATPase α subunit. The present results indicate that guinea-pig chromaffin cells secrete more CA in response to a mitochondrial inhibitor than rat chromaffin cells and this higher susceptibility in the former is accounted for by a larger extent of reversed operation of F1F0-ATPase with the consequent decrease in ATP under conditions where ΔΨm is depolarized.
Collapse
|
21
|
Osborne NN, Núñez-Álvarez C, del Olmo-Aguado S. The effect of visual blue light on mitochondrial function associated with retinal ganglions cells. Exp Eye Res 2014; 128:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
22
|
Osborne NN, Álvarez CN, del Olmo Aguado S. Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction as in aging and glaucoma. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:1613-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
23
|
Perspectives on mitochondrial uncoupling proteins-mediated neuroprotection. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2014; 47:119-31. [PMID: 25217852 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-014-9580-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The integrity of mitochondrial function is essential to cell life. It follows that disturbances of mitochondrial function will lead to disruption of cell function, expressed as disease or even death. Considering that neuronal uncoupling proteins (UCPs) decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) production at the expense of energy production, it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms by which UCPs control the balance between the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and ROS in the context of normal physiological activity and in pathological conditions. Here we review the current understanding of neuronal UCPs-mediated respiratory uncoupling process by performing a survey in their physiology and regulation. The latest findings regarding neuronal UCPs physiological roles and their involvement and interest as potential targets for therapeutic intervention in brain diseases will also be exploited.
Collapse
|
24
|
Li P, Guo X, Lei P, Shi S, Luo S, Cheng X. PI3K/Akt/uncoupling protein 2 signaling pathway may be involved in cell senescence and apoptosis induced by angiotensin II in human vascular endothelial cells. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:6931-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
25
|
Toorie AM, Nillni EA. Minireview: Central Sirt1 regulates energy balance via the melanocortin system and alternate pathways. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:1423-34. [PMID: 24947673 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In developed nations, the prevalence of obesity and its associated comorbidities continue to prevail despite the availability of numerous treatment strategies. Accumulating evidence suggests that multiple inputs from the periphery and within the brain act in concert to maintain energy metabolism at a constant rate. At the central level, the hypothalamus is the primary component of the nervous system that interprets adiposity or nutrient-related inputs; it delivers hormonal and behavioral responses with the ultimate purpose of regulating energy intake and energy consumption. At the molecular level, enzymes called nutrient energy sensors mediate metabolic responses of those tissues involved in energy balance ( 1 ). Two key energy/nutrient sensors, mammalian target of rapamycin and AMP-activated kinase, are involved in the control of food intake in the hypothalamus as well as in peripheral tissues ( 2 , 3 ). The third more recently discovered nutrient sensor, Sirtuin1 (Sirt1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase, functions to maintain whole-body energy homeostasis. Several studies have highlighted a role for both peripheral and central Sirt1 in regulating body metabolism, but its central role is still heavily debated. Owing to the opaqueness of central Sirt1's role in energy balance are its cell-specific functions. Because of its robust central expression, targeting cell-specific downstream mediators of Sirt1 signaling may help to combat obesity. However, when placed in the context of a physiologically relevant model, there is compelling evidence that central Sirt1 inhibition in itself is sufficient to promote negative energy balance in both the lean and diet-induced obese state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anika M Toorie
- Division of Endocrinology (A.M.T., E.A.N.), Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02903; and Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry (E.A.N.), Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abe Y, Sakairi T, Beeson C, Kopp JB. TGF-β1 stimulates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and generation of reactive oxygen species in cultured mouse podocytes, mediated in part by the mTOR pathway. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F1477-90. [PMID: 24049142 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00182.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β has been associated with podocyte injury; we have examined its effect on podocyte bioenergetics. We studied transformed mouse podocytes, exposed to TGF-β1, using a label-free assay system, Seahorse XF24, which measures oxygen consumption rates (OCR) and extracellular acidification rates (ECAR). Both basal OCR and ATP generation-coupled OCR were significantly higher in podocytes exposed to 0.3-10 ng/ml of TGF-β1 for 24, 48, and 72 h. TGF-β1 (3 ng/ml) increased oxidative capacity 75%, and 96% relative to control after 48 and 72 h, respectively. ATP content was increased 19% and 30% relative to control after a 48- and 72-h exposure, respectively. Under conditions of maximal mitochondrial function, TGF-β1 increased palmitate-driven OCR by 49%. Thus, TGF-β1 increases mitochondrial oxygen consumption and ATP generation in the presence of diverse energy substrates. TGF-β1 did not increase cell number or mitochondrial DNA copy number but did increase mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), which could explain the OCR increase. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased by 32% after TGF-β1 exposure for 48 h. TGF-β activated the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and rapamycin reduced the TGF-β1-stimulated increases in OCR, ECAR, ATP generation, cellular metabolic activity, and protein generation. Our data suggest that TGF-β1, acting, in part, via mTOR, increases mitochondrial MMP and OCR, resulting in increased ROS generation and that this may contribute to podocyte injury.
Collapse
|
27
|
Bowers J, Terrien J, Clerget-Froidevaux MS, Gothié JD, Rozing MP, Westendorp RGJ, van Heemst D, Demeneix BA. Thyroid hormone signaling and homeostasis during aging. Endocr Rev 2013; 34:556-89. [PMID: 23696256 DOI: 10.1210/er.2012-1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Studies in humans and in animal models show negative correlations between thyroid hormone (TH) levels and longevity. TH signaling is implicated in maintaining and integrating metabolic homeostasis at multiple levels, notably centrally in the hypothalamus but also in peripheral tissues. The question is thus raised of how TH signaling is modulated during aging in different tissues. Classically, TH actions on mitochondria and heat production are obvious candidates to link negative effects of TH to aging. Mitochondrial effects of excess TH include reactive oxygen species and DNA damage, 2 factors often considered as aging accelerators. Inversely, caloric restriction, which can retard aging from nematodes to primates, causes a rapid reduction of circulating TH, reducing metabolism in birds and mammals. However, many other factors could link TH to aging, and it is these potentially subtler and less explored areas that are highlighted here. For example, effects of TH on membrane composition, inflammatory responses, stem cell renewal and synchronization of physiological responses to light could each contribute to TH regulation of maintenance of homeostasis during aging. We propose the hypothesis that constraints on TH signaling at certain life stages, notably during maturity, are advantageous for optimal aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Bowers
- Muséum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire de Physiologie Générale et Comparée, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7221, 75231 Paris cedex 5, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rybakova SR, Dubinin MV, Samartsev VN. The features of activation of free oxidation by α,ω-tetradecanedioic acid in liver mitochondria. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW SUPPLEMENT SERIES A-MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747812050157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
29
|
Mitochondrial roles and cytoprotection in chronic liver injury. Biochem Res Int 2012; 2012:387626. [PMID: 22745910 PMCID: PMC3382253 DOI: 10.1155/2012/387626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is one of the richest organs in terms of number and density of mitochondria. Most chronic liver diseases are associated with the accumulation of damaged mitochondria. Hepatic mitochondria have unique features compared to other organs' mitochondria, since they are the hub that integrates hepatic metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Mitochondria are also essential in hepatocyte survival as mediator of apoptosis and necrosis. Hepatocytes have developed different mechanisms to keep mitochondrial integrity or to prevent the effects of mitochondrial lesions, in particular regulating organelle biogenesis and degradation. In this paper, we will focus on the role of mitochondria in liver physiology, such as hepatic metabolism, reactive oxygen species homeostasis and cell survival. We will also focus on chronic liver pathologies, especially those linked to alcohol, virus, drugs or metabolic syndrome and we will discuss how mitochondria could provide a promising therapeutic target in these contexts.
Collapse
|
30
|
Weisová P, Anilkumar U, Ryan C, Concannon CG, Prehn JH, Ward MW. ‘Mild mitochondrial uncoupling’ induced protection against neuronal excitotoxicity requires AMPK activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1817:744-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
31
|
Ho PW, Ho JW, Liu HF, So DH, Tse ZH, Chan KH, Ramsden DB, Ho SL. Mitochondrial neuronal uncoupling proteins: a target for potential disease-modification in Parkinson's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2012; 1:3. [PMID: 23210978 PMCID: PMC3506996 DOI: 10.1186/2047-9158-1-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review gives a brief insight into the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the converging pathogenic processes involved in Parkinson's disease (PD). Mitochondria provide cellular energy in the form of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation, but as an integral part of this process, superoxides and other reactive oxygen species are also produced. Excessive free radical production contributes to oxidative stress. Cells have evolved to handle such stress via various endogenous anti-oxidant proteins. One such family of proteins is the mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs), which are anion carriers located in the mitochondrial inner membrane. There are five known homologues (UCP1 to 5), of which UCP4 and 5 are predominantly expressed in neural cells. In a series of previous publications, we have shown how these neuronal UCPs respond to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+; toxic metabolite of MPTP) and dopamine-induced toxicity to alleviate neuronal cell death by preserving ATP levels and mitochondrial membrane potential, and reducing oxidative stress. We also showed how their expression can be influenced by nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway specifically in UCP4. Furthermore, we previously reported an interesting link between PD and metabolic processes through the protective effects of leptin (hormone produced by adipocytes) acting via UCP2 against MPP+-induced toxicity. There is increasing evidence that these endogenous neuronal UCPs can play a vital role to protect neurons against various pathogenic stresses including those associated with PD. Their expression, which can be induced, may well be a potential therapeutic target for various drugs to alleviate the harmful effects of pathogenic processes in PD and hence modify the progression of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Wl Ho
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rose G, Crocco P, De Rango F, Montesanto A, Passarino G. Further support to the uncoupling-to-survive theory: the genetic variation of human UCP genes is associated with longevity. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29650. [PMID: 22216339 PMCID: PMC3246500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans Uncoupling Proteins (UCPs) are a group of five mitochondrial inner membrane transporters with variable tissue expression, which seem to function as regulators of energy homeostasis and antioxidants. In particular, these proteins uncouple respiration from ATP production, allowing stored energy to be released as heat. Data from experimental models have previously suggested that UCPs may play an important role on aging rate and lifespan. We analyzed the genetic variability of human UCPs in cohorts of subjects ranging between 64 and 105 years of age (for a total of 598 subjects), to determine whether specific UCP variability affects human longevity. Indeed, we found that the genetic variability of UCP2, UCP3 and UCP4 do affect the individual's chances of surviving up to a very old age. This confirms the importance of energy storage, energy use and modulation of ROS production in the aging process. In addition, given the different localization of these UCPs (UCP2 is expressed in various tissues including brain, hearth and adipose tissue, while UCP3 is expressed in muscles and Brown Adipose Tissue and UCP4 is expressed in neuronal cells), our results may suggest that the uncoupling process plays an important role in modulating aging especially in muscular and nervous tissues, which are indeed very responsive to metabolic alterations and are very important in estimating health status and survival in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Rose
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Paolina Crocco
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Koch LG, Kemi OJ, Qi N, Leng SX, Bijma P, Gilligan LJ, Wilkinson JE, Wisløff H, Høydal MA, Rolim N, Abadir PM, van Grevenhof EM, Smith GL, Burant CF, Ellingsen O, Britton SL, Wisløff U. Intrinsic aerobic capacity sets a divide for aging and longevity. Circ Res 2011; 109:1162-72. [PMID: 21921265 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.253807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Low aerobic exercise capacity is a powerful predictor of premature morbidity and mortality for healthy adults as well as those with cardiovascular disease. For aged populations, poor performance on treadmill or extended walking tests indicates closer proximity to future health declines. Together, these findings suggest a fundamental connection between aerobic capacity and longevity. OBJECTIVES Through artificial selective breeding, we developed an animal model system to prospectively test the association between aerobic exercise capacity and survivability (aerobic hypothesis). METHODS AND RESULTS Laboratory rats of widely diverse genetic backgrounds (N:NIH stock) were selectively bred for low or high intrinsic (inborn) treadmill running capacity. Cohorts of male and female rats from generations 14, 15, and 17 of selection were followed for survivability and assessed for age-related declines in cardiovascular fitness including maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)), myocardial function, endurance performance, and change in body mass. Median lifespan for low exercise capacity rats was 28% to 45% shorter than high capacity rats (hazard ratio, 0.06; P<0.001). VO(2max), measured across adulthood was a reliable predictor of lifespan (P<0.001). During progression from adult to old age, left ventricular myocardial and cardiomyocyte morphology, contractility, and intracellular Ca(2+) handling in both systole and diastole, as well as mean blood pressure, were more compromised in rats bred for low aerobic capacity. Physical activity levels, energy expenditure (Vo(2)), and lean body mass were all better sustained with age in rats bred for high aerobic capacity. CONCLUSIONS These data obtained from a contrasting heterogeneous model system provide strong evidence that genetic segregation for aerobic exercise capacity can be linked with longevity and are useful for deeper mechanistic exploration of aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Gerard Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Osborne NN. WITHDRAWN: Reprint of: Mitochondria: Their role in ganglion cell death and survival in primary open angle glaucoma. Exp Eye Res 2011:S0014-4835(11)00225-9. [PMID: 21819980 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published, doi:10.1016/j.exer.2010.03.008. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neville N Osborne
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Oxford, UK; Instituto Oftalmologico, Fundación de Investigación Optalmologica, Fernandez-Vega, Oviedo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Senapedis WT, Kennedy CJ, Boyle PM, Silver PA. Whole genome siRNA cell-based screen links mitochondria to Akt signaling network through uncoupling of electron transport chain. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:1791-805. [PMID: 21460183 PMCID: PMC3093329 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-10-0854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Akt activation sequesters FOXO1a away from its target genes and serves as an endpoint of a complex signaling network. A cell-based RNAi screen reveals an extensive network of genes, including UCP5, which directs nuclear localization of FOXO1a. Silencing of UCP5 disrupts the mitochondria and induces JNK1, creating a link to the Akt signaling network. Forkhead transcription factors (FOXOs) alter a diverse array of cellular processes including the cell cycle, oxidative stress resistance, and aging. Insulin/Akt activation directs phosphorylation and cytoplasmic sequestration of FOXO away from its target genes and serves as an endpoint of a complex signaling network. Using a human genome small interfering RNA (siRNA) library in a cell-based assay, we identified an extensive network of proteins involved in nuclear export, focal adhesion, and mitochondrial respiration not previously implicated in FOXO localization. Furthermore, a detailed examination of mitochondrial factors revealed that loss of uncoupling protein 5 (UCP5) modifies the energy balance and increases free radicals through up-regulation of uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3). The increased superoxide content induces c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) kinase activity, which in turn affects FOXO localization through a compensatory dephosphorylation of Akt. The resulting nuclear FOXO increases expression of target genes, including mitochondrial superoxide dismutase. By connecting free radical defense and mitochondrial uncoupling to Akt/FOXO signaling, these results have implications in obesity and type 2 diabetes development and the potential for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William T Senapedis
- Department of Systems Biology and the Harvard University Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Xia W, Wan Y, Li YY, Zeng H, Lv Z, Li G, Wei Z, Xu SQ. PFOS prenatal exposure induce mitochondrial injury and gene expression change in hearts of weaned SD rats. Toxicology 2011; 282:23-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Revised: 01/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
37
|
De Loof A. Longevity and aging in insects: Is reproduction costly; cheap; beneficial or irrelevant? A critical evaluation of the "trade-off" concept. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 57:1-11. [PMID: 20920508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The most prevalent hypothesis concerning the relationship between reproduction and longevity predicts that reproduction is costly, particularly in females. Specifically, egg production and sexual harassment of females by males reduce female longevity. This may apply to some short-lived species such as Drosophila, but not to some long-lived species such as the queens of ants and bees. Bee queens lay up to 2000 eggs a day for several years, but they nevertheless live at least 20 times longer than their sisters, the sterile workers. This discrepancy necessitates a critical reevaluation of the validity of both the trade-off concept as such, and of the current theories of aging. The widely accepted oxidative stress theory of aging with its links to metabolism and the insulin/IGF-I system has been disproven in Caenorhabditis elegans and mice, but not in Drosophila, necessitating other approaches. The recent spermidine/mitophagy theory is gaining momentum. Two major mechanisms may have been largely overlooked, namely epigenetic control of longevity by imprinting through DNA methylation as suggested by recent data in the honey bee, and especially, a mechanism of which the principles are outlined here, the progressive weakening of the "electrical dimension" of cells up to the point of total collapse, namely death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnold De Loof
- Zoological Institute, Laboratory for Developmental Physiology, Genomics, Proteomics, Naamsestraat 59, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Aris JP, Fishwick LK, Marraffini ML, Seo AY, Leeuwenburgh C, Dunn WA. Amino acid homeostasis and chronological longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Subcell Biochem 2011; 57:161-86. [PMID: 22094422 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2561-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how non-dividing cells remain viable over long periods of time, which may be decades in humans, is of central importance in understanding mechanisms of aging and longevity. The long-term viability of non-dividing cells, known as chronological longevity, relies on cellular processes that degrade old components and replace them with new ones. Key among these processes is amino acid homeostasis. Amino acid homeostasis requires three principal functions: amino acid uptake, de novo synthesis, and recycling. Autophagy plays a key role in recycling amino acids and other metabolic building blocks, while at the same time removing damaged cellular components such as mitochondria and other organelles. Regulation of amino acid homeostasis and autophagy is accomplished by a complex web of pathways that interact because of the functional overlap at the level of recycling. It is becoming increasingly clear that amino acid homeostasis and autophagy play important roles in chronological longevity in yeast and higher organisms. Our goal in this chapter is to focus on mechanisms and pathways that link amino acid homeostasis, autophagy, and chronological longevity in yeast, and explore their relevance to aging and longevity in higher eukaryotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John P Aris
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0235, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Light effects on mitochondrial photosensitizers in relation to retinal degeneration. Neurochem Res 2010; 35:2027-34. [PMID: 20927586 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The retina captures and converts light between 400-760 nm into electrical signals that are sent to the brain by way of the optic nerve and in the process helps to translate these electrical signals into what is known as vision. The same light that allows vision to occur is nevertheless also potentially toxic to retinal cells in certain situations. The shorter wavelengths of light are known to interact with chromophores in photoreceptors and pigment epithelial cells to cause oxidative stress and severe damage. Indeed it is generally accepted that short wavelength light effects is one cause for loss of photoreceptor function in age-related macular degeneration. Recent studies have demonstrated that light may be a contributing factor for the death of retinal ganglion cells in certain situations. Light as impinging on the retina, especially the short wavelength form, affect mitochondrial chromophores and can result in neurone death. Importantly ganglion cell axons within the eye are laden with mitochondria and unlike the outer retina are not protected from short wavelength light by macular pigments. It has therefore been proposed that when ganglion cell function is already compromised, as in glaucoma, then light impinging on their mitochondria might be a contributor to their eventual demise.
Collapse
|
40
|
de Cavanagh EMV, Inserra F, Ferder L. Angiotensin II blockade: a strategy to slow ageing by protecting mitochondria? Cardiovasc Res 2010; 89:31-40. [PMID: 20819950 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein and lipid oxidation-mainly by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS)-was proposed as a crucial determinant of health and lifespan. Angiotensin II (Ang II) enhances ROS production by activating NAD(P)H oxidase and uncoupling endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Ang II also stimulates mtROS production, which depresses mitochondrial energy metabolism. In rodents, renin-angiotensin system blockade (RAS blockade) increases survival and prevents age-associated changes. RAS blockade reduces mtROS and enhances mitochondrial content and function. This suggests that Ang II contributes to the ageing process by prompting mitochondrial dysfunction. Since Ang II is a pleiotropic peptide, the age-protecting effects of RAS blockade are expected to involve a variety of other mechanisms. Caloric restriction (CR)-an age-retarding intervention in humans and animals-and RAS blockade display a number of converging effects, i.e. they delay the manifestations of hypertension, diabetes, nephropathy, cardiovascular disease, and cancer; increase body temperature; reduce body weight, plasma glucose, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-1; ameliorate insulin sensitivity; lower protein, lipid, and DNA oxidation, and mitochondrial H(2)O(2) production; and increase uncoupling protein-2 and sirtuin expression. A number of these overlapping effects involve changes in mitochondrial function. In CR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) seem to contribute to age-retardation partly by regulating mitochondrial function. RAS inhibition up-regulates PPARs; therefore, it is feasible that PPAR modulation is pivotal for mitochondrial protection by RAS blockade during rodent ageing. Other potential mechanisms that may underlie RAS blockade's mitochondrial benefits are TGF-β down-regulation and up-regulation of Klotho and sirtuins. In conclusion, the available data suggest that RAS blockade deserves further research efforts to establish its role as a potential tool to mitigate the growing problem of age-associated chronic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena M V de Cavanagh
- Center of Hypertension, Cardiology Department, Austral University Hospital, Derqui, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Passarino G, Rose G, Bellizzi D. Mitochondrial function, mitochondrial DNA and ageing: a reappraisal. Biogerontology 2010; 11:575-88. [PMID: 20602257 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-010-9294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The impressive performance of the research in biology of mitochondrion has greatly improved our knowledge on the functions of this organelle and highlighted the influence its functioning has on numerous human phenotypes. In particular, many studies have focused on the involvement of mitochondrion function (and dysfunction) in human ageing. To date, the literature in this specific field of mitochondrial biology is so vast that it is often difficult to properly put new data and new findings in the right context. The present paper aims to review the findings of the last few years in order to outline a general framework to understand how mitochondria can affect ageing and how ageing affects mitochondria.
Collapse
|
42
|
Mitochondria: Their role in ganglion cell death and survival in primary open angle glaucoma. Exp Eye Res 2010; 90:750-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 03/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
43
|
Hardeland R. Neuroprotection by radical avoidance: search for suitable agents. Molecules 2009; 14:5054-102. [PMID: 20032877 PMCID: PMC6255388 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14125054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is frequently associated with damage by free radicals. However, increases in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which may ultimately lead to neuronal cell death, do not necessarily reflect its primary cause, but can be a consequence of otherwise induced cellular dysfunction. Detrimental processes which promote free radical formation are initiated, e.g., by disturbances in calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial malfunction, and an age-related decline in the circadian oscillator system. Free radicals generated at high rates under pathophysiological conditions are insufficiently detoxified by scavengers. Interventions at the primary causes of dysfunction, which avoid secondary rises in radical formation, may be more efficient. The aim of such approaches should be to prevent calcium overload, to reduce mitochondrial electron dissipation, to support electron transport capacity, and to avoid circadian perturbations. L-theanine and several amphiphilic nitrones are capable of counteracting excitotoxicity and/or mitochondrial radical formation. Resveratrol seems to promote mitochondrial biogenesis. Mitochondrial effects of leptin include attenuation of electron leakage. Melatonin combines all the requirements mentioned, additionally regulates anti- and pro-oxidant enzymes and is, with few exceptions, very well tolerated. In this review, the perspectives, problems and limits of drugs are compared which may be suitable for reducing the formation of free radicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Hardeland
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Berliner str. 28, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lang F. Molecular determinants of life span. Pflugers Arch 2009; 459:237-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-009-0708-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|