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Hou X, Ouyang J, Tang L, Wu P, Deng X, Yan Q, Shi L, Fan S, Fan C, Guo C, Liao Q, Li Y, Xiong W, Li G, Zeng Z, Wang F. KCNK1 promotes proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells by activating lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and up-regulating H3K18 lactylation. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002666. [PMID: 38905316 PMCID: PMC11192366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy and the most significant contributor to mortality in female oncology patients. Potassium Two Pore Domain Channel Subfamily K Member 1 (KCNK1) is differentially expressed in a variety of tumors, but the mechanism of its function in breast cancer is unknown. In this study, we found for the first time that KCNK1 was significantly up-regulated in human breast cancer and was correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. KCNK1 promoted breast cancer proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in vitro and vivo. Further studies unexpectedly revealed that KCNK1 increased the glycolysis and lactate production in breast cancer cells by binding to and activating lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), which promoted histones lysine lactylation to induce the expression of a series of downstream genes and LDHA itself. Notably, increased expression of LDHA served as a vicious positive feedback to reduce tumor cell stiffness and adhesion, which eventually resulted in the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of breast cancer. In conclusion, our results suggest that KCNK1 may serve as a potential breast cancer biomarker, and deeper insight into the cancer-promoting mechanism of KCNK1 may uncover a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchan Hou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiawei Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Le Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangying Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qijia Yan
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunmei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medicine, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fuyan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Arcangeli A, Iorio J, Duranti C. Targeting the hERG1 and β1 integrin complex for cancer treatment. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:145-157. [PMID: 38372580 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2318449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite great advances, novel therapeutic targets and strategies are still needed, in particular for some carcinomas in the metastatic stage (breast cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and the clear cell renal carcinoma). Ion channels may be considered good cancer biomarkers and targets for antineoplastic therapy. These concepts are particularly relevant considering the hERG1 potassium channel as a novel target for antineoplastic therapy. AREAS COVERED A great deal of evidence demonstrates that hERG1 is aberrantly expressed in human cancers, in particular in aggressive carcinomas. A relevant cornerstone was the discovery that, in cancer cells, the channel is present in a very peculiar conformation, strictly bound to the β1 subunit of integrin receptors. The hERG1/β1 integrin complex does not occur in the heart. Starting from this evidence, we developed a novel single chain bispecific antibody (scDb-hERG1-β1), which specifically targets the hERG1/β1 integrin complex and exerts antineoplastic effects in preclinical experiments. EXPERT OPINION Since hERG1 blockade cannot be pursued for antineoplastic therapy due to the severe cardiac toxic effects (ventricular arrhythmias) that many hERG1 blockers exert, different strategies must be identified to specifically target hERG1 in cancer. The targeting of the hERG1/β1 integrin complex through the bispecific antibody scDb-hERG1-β1 can overcome such hindrances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarosa Arcangeli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
- CSDC (Center for the Study of complex dynamics), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- MCK Therapeutics srl, Pistoia (PT), Italy
| | - Jessica Iorio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudia Duranti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
- MCK Therapeutics srl, Pistoia (PT), Italy
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3
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Ghorbani M, Wang ZJ, Chen X, Tiwari PB, Klauda JB, Brelidze TI. Chlorpromazine inhibits EAG1 channels by altering the coupling between the PAS, CNBH and pore domains. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.23.581826. [PMID: 38464246 PMCID: PMC10925124 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.23.581826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
EAG1 depolarization-activated potassium selective channels are important targets for treatment of cancer and neurological disorders. EAG1 channels are formed by a tetrameric subunit assembly with each subunit containing an N-terminal Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain and C-terminal cyclic nucleotide-binding homology (CNBH) domain. The PAS and CNBH domains from adjacent subunits interact and form an intracellular tetrameric ring that regulates the EAG1 channel gating, including the movement of the voltage sensor domain (VSD) from closed to open states. Small molecule ligands can inhibit EAG1 channels by binding to their PAS domains. However, the allosteric pathways of this inhibition are not known. Here we show that chlorpromazine, a PAS domain small molecule binder, alters interactions between the PAS and CNBH domains and decreases the coupling between the intracellular tetrameric ring and the pore of the channel, while having little effect on the coupling between the PAS and VSD domains. In addition, chlorpromazine binding to the PAS domain did not alter Cole-Moore shift characteristic of EAG1 channels, further indicating that chlorpromazine has no effect on VSD movement from the deep closed to opened states. Our study provides a framework for understanding global pathways of EAG1 channel regulation by small molecule PAS domain binders.
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Capitani C, Chioccioli Altadonna G, Santillo M, Lastraioli E. Ion channels in lung cancer: biological and clinical relevance. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1283623. [PMID: 37942486 PMCID: PMC10627838 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1283623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in treatment, lung cancer is still a major health problem worldwide. Among lung cancer subtypes, the most frequent is represented by adenocarcinoma (belonging to the Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer class) although the most challenging and harder to treat is represented by Small Cell Lung Cancer, that occurs at lower frequency but has the worst prognosis. For these reasons, the standard of care for these patients is represented by a combination of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. In this view, searching for novel biomarkers that might help both in diagnosis and therapy is mandatory. In the last 30 years it was demonstrated that different families of ion channels are overexpressed in both lung cancer cell lines and primary tumours. The altered ion channel profile may be advantageous for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes since most of them are localised on the plasma membrane thus their detection is quite easy, as well as their block with specific drugs and antibodies. This review focuses on ion channels (Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, Chloride, Anion and Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptors) in lung cancer (both Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Small Cell Lung Cancer) and recapitulate the up-to-date knowledge about their role and clinical relevance for a potential use in the clinical setting, for lung cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Capitani
- General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ginevra Chioccioli Altadonna
- General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Michele Santillo
- General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Lastraioli
- General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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5
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Chiliquinga AJ, Acosta B, Ogonaga-Borja I, Villarruel-Melquiades F, de la Garza J, Gariglio P, Ocádiz-Delgado R, Ramírez A, Sánchez-Pérez Y, García-Cuellar CM, Bañuelos C, Camacho J. Ion Channels as Potential Tools for the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of HPV-Associated Cancers. Cells 2023; 12:1376. [PMID: 37408210 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human papilloma virus (HPV) group comprises approximately 200 genetic types that have a special affinity for epithelial tissues and can vary from producing benign symptoms to developing into complicated pathologies, such as cancer. The HPV replicative cycle affects various cellular and molecular processes, including DNA insertions and methylation and relevant pathways related to pRb and p53, as well as ion channel expression or function. Ion channels are responsible for the flow of ions across cell membranes and play very important roles in human physiology, including the regulation of ion homeostasis, electrical excitability, and cell signaling. However, when ion channel function or expression is altered, the channels can trigger a wide range of channelopathies, including cancer. In consequence, the up- or down-regulation of ion channels in cancer makes them attractive molecular markers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of the disease. Interestingly, the activity or expression of several ion channels is dysregulated in HPV-associated cancers. Here, we review the status of ion channels and their regulation in HPV-associated cancers and discuss the potential molecular mechanisms involved. Understanding the dynamics of ion channels in these cancers should help to improve early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment in the benefit of HPV-associated cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brenda Acosta
- Grupo de Investigación de Ciencias en Red, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra 100105, Ecuador
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Ingrid Ogonaga-Borja
- Grupo de Investigación de Ciencias en Red, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra 100105, Ecuador
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Fernanda Villarruel-Melquiades
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Jaime de la Garza
- Unidad de Oncología Torácica y Laboratorio de Medicina Personalizada, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico CP 14080, Mexico
| | - Patricio Gariglio
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Ocádiz-Delgado
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Ana Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418, Tijuana 22390, Mexico
| | - Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico CP 14080, Mexico
| | - Claudia M García-Cuellar
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico CP 14080, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Bañuelos
- Programa Transdisciplinario en Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico para la Sociedad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico CP 07360, Mexico
| | - Javier Camacho
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico CP 07360, Mexico
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6
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Chen CY, Wu PY, Van Scoyk M, Simko SA, Chou CF, Winn RA. KCNF1 promotes lung cancer by modulating ITGB4 expression. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:414-423. [PMID: 36385523 PMCID: PMC10014577 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00560-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Despite recent advances, the five-year survival rate for lung cancer compared to other cancers still remains fairly low. The discovery of molecular targets for lung cancer is key to the development of new approaches and therapies. Electrically silent voltage-gated potassium channel (KvS) subfamilies, which are unable to form functional homotetramers, are implicated in cell-cycle progression, cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Here, we analyzed the expression of KvS subfamilies in human lung tumors and identified that potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily F member 1 (KCNF1) was up-regulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Silencing of KCNF1 in NSCLC cell lines reduced cell proliferation and tumor progression in mouse xenografts, re-established the integrity of the basement membrane, and enhanced cisplatin sensitivity. KCNF1 was predominately localized in the nucleoplasm and likely mediated its functions in an ion-independent manner. We identified integrin β4 subunit (ITGB4) as a downstream target for KCNF1. Our findings suggest that KCNF1 promotes lung cancer by enhancing ITGB4 signaling and implicate KCNF1 as a novel therapeutic target for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Chen
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Pei-Ying Wu
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michelle Van Scoyk
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Stephanie A Simko
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Chu-Fang Chou
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Robert A Winn
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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7
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Di Gregorio E, Israel S, Staelens M, Tankel G, Shankar K, Tuszyński JA. The distinguishing electrical properties of cancer cells. Phys Life Rev 2022; 43:139-188. [PMID: 36265200 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, medical research has been primarily focused on the inherited aspect of cancers, despite the reality that only 5-10% of tumours discovered are derived from genetic causes. Cancer is a broad term, and therefore it is inaccurate to address it as a purely genetic disease. Understanding cancer cells' behaviour is the first step in countering them. Behind the scenes, there is a complicated network of environmental factors, DNA errors, metabolic shifts, and electrostatic alterations that build over time and lead to the illness's development. This latter aspect has been analyzed in previous studies, but how the different electrical changes integrate and affect each other is rarely examined. Every cell in the human body possesses electrical properties that are essential for proper behaviour both within and outside of the cell itself. It is not yet clear whether these changes correlate with cell mutation in cancer cells, or only with their subsequent development. Either way, these aspects merit further investigation, especially with regards to their causes and consequences. Trying to block changes at various levels of occurrence or assisting in their prevention could be the key to stopping cells from becoming cancerous. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the current knowledge regarding the electrical landscape of cells is much needed. We review four essential electrical characteristics of cells, providing a deep understanding of the electrostatic changes in cancer cells compared to their normal counterparts. In particular, we provide an overview of intracellular and extracellular pH modifications, differences in ionic concentrations in the cytoplasm, transmembrane potential variations, and changes within mitochondria. New therapies targeting or exploiting the electrical properties of cells are developed and tested every year, such as pH-dependent carriers and tumour-treating fields. A brief section regarding the state-of-the-art of these therapies can be found at the end of this review. Finally, we highlight how these alterations integrate and potentially yield indications of cells' malignancy or metastatic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Di Gregorio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, TO, Italy; Autem Therapeutics, 35 South Main Street, Hanover, 03755, NH, USA
| | - Simone Israel
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, TO, Italy; Autem Therapeutics, 35 South Main Street, Hanover, 03755, NH, USA
| | - Michael Staelens
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, 11335 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada
| | - Gabriella Tankel
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, ON, Canada
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 116 Street NW, Edmonton, T6G 1H9, AB, Canada
| | - Jack A Tuszyński
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, TO, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Alberta, 11335 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, T6G 1Z2, AB, Canada.
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8
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Becchetti A, Duranti C, Arcangeli A. Dynamics and physiological meaning of complexes between ion channels and integrin receptors: the case of Kv11.1. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C1138-C1150. [PMID: 35442831 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00107.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The cellular functions are regulated by a complex interplay of diffuse and local signals. Experimental work in cell physiology has led to recognize that understanding a cell's dynamics requires a deep comprehension of local fluctuations of cytosolic regulators. Macromolecular complexes are major determinants of local signaling. Multi-enzyme assemblies limit the diffusion restriction to reaction kinetics by direct exchange of metabolites. Likewise, close coupling of ion channels and transporters modulate the ion concentration around a channel mouth or transporter binding site. Extreme signal locality is brought about by conformational coupling between membrane proteins, as is typical of mechanotransduction. A paradigmatic case is integrin-mediated cell adhesion. Sensing the extracellular microenvironment and providing an appropriate response is essential in growth and development and has innumerable pathological implications. The process involves bidirectional signal transduction by complex supra-molecular structures that link integrin receptors to ion channels and transporters, growth factor receptors, cytoskeletal elements and other regulatory elements. The dynamics of such complexes is only beginning to be understood. A thoroughly studied example is the association between integrin receptors and the voltage-gated K+ channels Kv11.1. These channels are widely expressed in early embryos, where their physiological roles are poorly understood and apparently different from the shaping of action potential firing in the adult. Hints about these roles come from studies in cancer cells, where Kv11.1 is often overexpressed and appears to re-assume functions, such as controlling cell proliferation/differentiation, apoptosis and migration. Kv11.1 is implicated in these processes through its linking to integrin subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Becchetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudia Duranti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine. University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Annarosa Arcangeli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine. University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
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9
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Pinheiro-Junior EL, Boldrini-França J, Takeda AAS, Costa TR, Peigneur S, Cardoso IA, Oliveira ISD, Sampaio SV, de Mattos Fontes MR, Tytgat J, Arantes EC. Towards toxin PEGylation: The example of rCollinein-1, a snake venom thrombin-like enzyme, as a PEGylated biopharmaceutical prototype. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:564-573. [PMID: 34506860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PEGylation was firstly described around 50 years ago and has been used for more than 30 years as a strategy to improve the drugability of biopharmaceuticals. However, it remains poorly employed in toxinology, even though it may be a promising strategy to empower these compounds in therapeutics. This work reports the PEGylation of rCollinein-1, a recombinant snake venom serine protease (SVSP), able to degrade fibrinogen and inhibit the hEAG1 potassium channel. We compared the functional, structural, and immunogenic properties of the non-PEGylated (rCollinein-1) and PEGylated (PEG-rCollinein-1) forms. PEG-rCollinein-1 shares similar kinetic parameters with rCollinein-1, maintaining its capability of degrading fibrinogen, but with reduced activity on hEAG1 channel. CD analysis revealed the maintenance of protein conformation after PEGylation, and thermal shift assays demonstrated similar thermostability. Both forms of the enzyme showed to be non-toxic to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In silico epitope prediction indicated three putative immunogenic peptides. However, immune response on mice showed PEG-rCollinein-1 was devoid of immunogenicity. PEGylation directed rCollinein-1 activity towards hemostasis control, broadening its possibilities to be employed as a defibrinogenant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Lopes Pinheiro-Junior
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n°, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Toxicology and Pharmacology, KU Leuven, O&N II Herestraat 49 - PO box 922, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johara Boldrini-França
- University of Vila Velha, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista II, 29102-920 Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Tássia Rafaella Costa
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Steve Peigneur
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, KU Leuven, O&N II Herestraat 49 - PO box 922, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iara Aimê Cardoso
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n°, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Isadora Sousa de Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n°, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Suely Vilela Sampaio
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n°, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Jan Tytgat
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, KU Leuven, O&N II Herestraat 49 - PO box 922, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eliane Candiani Arantes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n°, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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10
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Kamgar-Dayhoff P, Brelidze TI. Multifaceted effect of chlorpromazine in cancer: implications for cancer treatment. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1406-1426. [PMID: 34262651 PMCID: PMC8274723 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1951, chlorpromazine (CPZ) has been one of the most widely used antipsychotic medications for treating schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. In addition to its antipsychotic effect, many studies in the last several decades have found that CPZ has a potent antitumorigenic effect. These studies have shown that CPZ affects a number of molecular oncogenic targets through multiple pathways, including the regulation of cell cycle, cancer growth and metastasis, chemo-resistance and stemness of cancer cells. Here we review studies on molecular mechanisms of CPZ’s action on key proteins involved in cancer, including p53, YAP, Ras protein, ion channels, and MAPKs. We discuss common and overlapping signaling pathways of CPZ’s action, its cancer-type specificity, antitumorigenic effects of CPZ reported in animal models and population studies on the rate of cancer in psychiatric patients. We also discuss the potential benefits and limitations of repurposing CPZ for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pareesa Kamgar-Dayhoff
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Tinatin I Brelidze
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
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Bezerra DP, de Aguiar JP, Keasey MP, Rodrigues CG, de Oliveira JRM. MiR-9-5p Regulates Genes Linked to Cerebral Calcification in the Osteogenic Differentiation Model and Induces Generalized Alteration in the Ion Channels. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:1897-1905. [PMID: 34041689 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01830-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-9 (miR-9) modulates gene expression and demonstrates high structural conservation and wide expression in the central nervous system. Bioinformatics analysis predicts almost 100 ion channels, membrane transporters and receptors, including genes linked to primary familial brain calcification (PFBC), as possible miR-9-5p targets. PFBC is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by bilateral and symmetrical calcifications in the brain, associated with motor and behavioral disturbances. In this work, we seek to study the influence of miR-9-5p in regulating genes involved in PFBC, in an osteogenic differentiation model with SaOs-2 cells. During the induced calcification process, solute carrier family 20 member 2 (SLC20A2) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRB) were downregulated, while platelet-derived growth factor beta (PDGFB) showed no significant changes. Significantly decreased levels of SLC20A2 and PDGFRB were caused by the presence of miR-9-5p, while PDGFB showed no regulation. We confirmed the findings using an miR-9-5p inhibitor and also probed the cells in electrophysiological analysis to assess whether such microRNA might affect a broader range of ion channels, membrane transporters and receptors. Our electrophysiological data show that an increase of the miR-9-5p in SaOs-2 cells decreased the density and amplitude of the output ionic currents, indicating that it may influence the activity, and perhaps the expression, of some ionic channels. Additional investigations should determine whether such an effect is specific to miR-9-5p, and whether it could be used, together with the miR-9-5p inhibitor, as a therapeutic or diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew Philip Keasey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | | | - João Ricardo Mendes de Oliveira
- Keizo Asami Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil. .,Neuropsychiatry Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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12
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Robinson AJ, Jain A, Sherman HG, Hague RJM, Rahman R, Sanjuan‐Alberte P, Rawson FJ. Toward Hijacking Bioelectricity in Cancer to Develop New Bioelectronic Medicine. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andie J. Robinson
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Akhil Jain
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Harry G. Sherman
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Richard J. M. Hague
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham Nottingham NG8 1BB UK
| | - Ruman Rahman
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Paola Sanjuan‐Alberte
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB‐Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon 1049‐001 Portugal
| | - Frankie J. Rawson
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
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13
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Influence of Kv11.1 (hERG1) K + channel expression on DNA damage induced by the genotoxic agent methyl methanesulfonate. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:197-217. [PMID: 33452554 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Besides their crucial role in cell electrogenesis and maintenance of basal membrane potential, the voltage-dependent K+ channel Kv11.1/hERG1 shows an essential impact in cell proliferation and other processes linked to the maintenance of tumour phenotype. To check the possible influence of channel expression on DNA damage responses, HEK293 cells, treated with the genotoxic agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), were compared with those of a HEK-derived cell line (H36), permanently transfected with the Kv11.1-encoding gene, and with a third cell line (T2) obtained under identical conditions as H36, by permanent transfection of another unrelated plasma membrane protein encoding gene. In addition, to gain some insights about the canonical/conduction-dependent channel mechanisms that might be involved, the specific erg channel inhibitor E4031 was used as a tool. Our results indicate that the expression of Kv11.1 does not influence MMS-induced changes in cell cycle progression, because no differences were found between H36 and T2 cells. However, the canonical ion conduction function of the channel appeared to be associated with decreased cell viability at low/medium MMS concentrations. Moreover, direct DNA damage measurements, using the comet assay, demonstrated for the first time that Kv11.1 conduction activity was able to modify MMS-induced DNA damage, decreasing it particularly at high MMS concentration, in a way related to PARP1 gene expression. Finally, our data suggest that the canonical Kv11.1 effects may be relevant for tumour cell responses to anti-tumour therapies.
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14
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Assiri AA, Mourad N, Shao M, Kiel P, Liu W, Skaar TC, Overholser BR. MicroRNA 362-3p Reduces hERG-related Current and Inhibits Breast Cancer Cells Proliferation. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 16:433-442. [PMID: 31659098 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM hERG potassium channels enhance tumor invasiveness and breast cancer proliferation. MicroRNA (miRNA) dysregulation during cancer controls gene regulation. The objective of this study was to identify miRNAs that regulate hERG expression in breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Putative miRNAs targeting hERG were identified by bioinformatic approaches and screened using a 3'UTR luciferase assay. Functional assessments of endogenous hERG regulation were made using whole-cell electrophysiology, proliferation assays, and cell-cycle analyses following miRNA, hERG siRNA, or control transfection. RESULTS miR-362-3p targeted hERG 3'UTR and was associated with higher survival rates in patients with breast cancer (HR=0.39, 95%CI=0.18-0.82). Enhanced miR-362-3p expression reduced hERG expression, peak current, and cell proliferation in cultured breast cancer cells (p<0.05). CONCLUSION miR-362-3p mediates the transcriptional regulation of hERG and is associated with survival in breast cancer. The potential for miR-362-3p to serve as a biomarker and inform therapeutic strategies warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A Assiri
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, U.S.A.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Noha Mourad
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, U.S.A.,College of Pharmacy, Manchester University, Fort Wayne, IN, U.S.A
| | - Minghai Shao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, U.S.A
| | - Patrick Kiel
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, U.S.A
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, U.S.A
| | - Todd C Skaar
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, U.S.A
| | - Brian R Overholser
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, U.S.A. .,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, U.S.A
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15
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He S, Moutaoufik MT, Islam S, Persad A, Wu A, Aly KA, Fonge H, Babu M, Cayabyab FS. HERG channel and cancer: A mechanistic review of carcinogenic processes and therapeutic potential. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1873:188355. [PMID: 32135169 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The human ether-à-go-go related gene (HERG) encodes the alpha subunit of Kv11.1, which is a voltage-gated K+ channel protein mainly expressed in heart and brain tissue. HERG plays critical role in cardiac repolarization, and mutations in HERG can cause long QT syndrome. More recently, evidence has emerged that HERG channels are aberrantly expressed in many kinds of cancer cells and play important roles in cancer progression. HERG could therefore be a potential biomarker for cancer and a possible molecular target for anticancer drug design. HERG affects a number of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and migration, any of which could be affected by dysregulation of HERG. This review provides an overview of available information on HERG channel as it relates to cancer, with focus on the mechanism by which HERG influences cancer progression. Molecular docking attempts suggest two possible protein-protein interactions of HERG with the ß1-integrin receptor and the transcription factor STAT-1 as novel HERG-directed therapeutic targeting which avoids possible cardiotoxicity. The role of epigenetics in regulating HERG channel expression and activity in cancer will also be discussed. Finally, given its inherent extracellular accessibility as an ion channel, we discuss regulatory roles of this molecule in cancer physiology and therapeutic potential. Future research should be directed to explore the possibilities of therapeutic interventions targeting HERG channels while minding possible complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi He
- Department of Surgery, Neuroscience Research Group, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | | | - Saadul Islam
- Department of Surgery, Neuroscience Research Group, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Amit Persad
- Department of Surgery, Neuroscience Research Group, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Adam Wu
- Department of Surgery, Neuroscience Research Group, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Khaled A Aly
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Humphrey Fonge
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Mohan Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Francisco S Cayabyab
- Department of Surgery, Neuroscience Research Group, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.
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Abstract
Ion channels are a major class of membrane proteins that play central roles in signaling within and among cells, as well as in the coupling of extracellular events with cellular responses. Dysregulated ion channel activity plays a causative role in many diseases including cancer. Here, we will review their role in lung cancer. Lung cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers, and it causes the highest number of deaths of all cancer types. The overall 5-year survival rate of lung cancer patients is only 19% and decreases to 5% when patients are diagnosed with stage IV. Thus, new therapeutical strategies are urgently needed. The important contribution of ion channels to the progression of various types of cancer has been firmly established so that ion channel-based therapeutic concepts are currently developed. Thus far, the knowledge on ion channel function in lung cancer is still relatively limited. However, the published studies clearly show the impact of ion channel inhibitors on a number of cellular mechanisms underlying lung cancer cell aggressiveness such as proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle progression, or adhesion. Additionally, in vivo experiments reveal that ion channel inhibitors diminish tumor growth in mice. Furthermore, some studies give evidence that ion channel inhibitors can have an influence on the resistance or sensitivity of lung cancer cells to common chemotherapeutics such as paclitaxel or cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etmar Bulk
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | | | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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17
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Iorio J, Petroni G, Duranti C, Lastraioli E. Potassium and Sodium Channels and the Warburg Effect: Biophysical Regulation of Cancer Metabolism. Bioelectricity 2019; 1:188-200. [PMID: 34471821 PMCID: PMC8370285 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2019.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are progressively emerging as a novel class of membrane proteins expressed in several types of human cancers and regulating the different aspects of cancer cell behavior. The metabolism of cancer cells, usually composed by a variable proportion of respiration, glycolysis, and glutaminolysis, leads to the excessive production of acidic metabolic products. The presence of these acidic metabolites inside the cells results in intracellular acidosis, and hinders survival and proliferation. For this reason, tumor cells activate mechanisms of pH control that produce a constitutive increase in intracellular pH (pHi) that is more acidic than the extracellular pH (pHe). This condition forms a perfect microenvironment for metastatic progression and may be permissive for some of the acquired characteristics of tumors. Recent analyses have revealed complex interconnections between oncogenic activation, ion channels, hypoxia signaling and metabolic pathways that are dysregulated in cancer. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of the Warburg effect and hypoxia and their association. Moreover, we discuss the recent findings concerning the involvement of ion channels in various aspects of the Warburg effect and hypoxia, focusing on the role of Na+ and K+ channels in hypoxic and metabolic reprogramming in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Iorio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Petroni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Duranti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Lastraioli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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18
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Altered expression and functional role of ion channels in leukemia: bench to bedside. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:283-293. [PMID: 31280433 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02147-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Leukemic cells' (LCs) survival, proliferation, activation, differentiation, and invasiveness/migration can be mediated through the function of cation and anion channels that are involved in volume regulation, polarization, cytoskeleton, and extracellular matrix reorganization. This study will review the expression of ion channels in LCs and their possible function in leukemia progression. We searched relevant literature by a PubMed (2002-2019) of English-language literature using the terms "ion channels", "leukemia", "proliferation", "differentiation", "apoptosis", and "migration". Altered expression and dysfunction of ion channels can have a strong impact on hematopoietic cell and LCs physiology and signaling, which contributes to the vital processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Indeed, it can be stated that changing expression of ion channels can affect the onset and progression as well as clinical features and therapeutic responses of leukemia via inducing the maintenance of LCs. Since ion channels are membrane proteins, they can be easily accessible in LCs for understanding their influence on leukemia progression. On the other hand, ion channels can be new potential targets for chemotherapeutic agents, which may open a novel clinical and pharmaceutical field in leukemia therapy.
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19
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Ion Channel Targeting with Antibodies and Antibody Fragments for Cancer Diagnosis. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:antib8020033. [PMID: 31544839 PMCID: PMC6640718 DOI: 10.3390/antib8020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibody era has greatly impacted cancer management in recent decades. Indeed, antibodies are currently applied for both cancer diagnosis and therapy. For example, monoclonal antibodies are the main constituents of several in vitro diagnostics, which are applied at many levels of cancer diagnosis. Moreover, the great improvement provided by in vivo imaging, especially for early-stage cancer diagnosis, has traced the path for the development of a complete new class of antibodies, i.e., engineered antibody fragments. The latter embody the optimal characteristics (e.g., low renal retention, rapid clearance, and small size) which make them ideal for in vivo applications. Furthermore, the present review focuses on reviewing the main applications of antibodies and antibody fragments for solid cancer diagnosis, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we review the scientific evidence showing that ion channels represent an almost unexplored class of ideal targets for both in vitro and in vivo diagnostic purposes. In particular, we review the applications, in solid cancers, of monoclonal antibodies and engineered antibody fragments targeting the voltage-dependent ion channel Kv 11.1, also known as hERG1.
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20
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Chubinskiy-Nadezhdin VI, Sudarikova AV, Shilina MA, Vasileva VY, Grinchuk TM, Lyublinskaya OG, Nikolsky NN, Negulyaev YA. Cell Cycle-Dependent Expression of Bk Channels in Human Mesenchymal Endometrial Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4595. [PMID: 30872711 PMCID: PMC6418245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of ion channels in stem cells provides important information about their role in stem cell fate. Previously we have identified the activity of calcium-activated potassium channels of big conductance (BK channels) in human endometrium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs). BK channels could have significant impact into signaling processes by modulating membrane potential. The membrane potential and ionic permeability dynamically changes during cycle transitions. Here, we aimed at verification of the role of BK channels as potassium transporting pathway regulating cell cycle passageway of eMSCs. The functional expression of native BK channels was confirmed by patch-clamp and immunocytochemistry. In non-synchronized cells immunofluorescent analysis revealed BK-positive and BK-negative stained eMSCs. Using cell synchronization, we found that the presence of BK channels in plasma membrane was cell cycle-dependent and significantly decreased in G2M phase. However, the study of cell cycle progression in presence of selective BK channel inhibitors showed no effect of pore blockers on cycle transitions. Thus, BK channel-mediated K+ transport is not critical for the fundamental mechanism of passageway through cell cycle of eMSCs. At the same time, the dynamics of the presence of BK channels on plasma membrane of eMSCs can be a novel indicator of cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariia A Shilina
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 194064, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valeria Y Vasileva
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 194064, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana M Grinchuk
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 194064, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga G Lyublinskaya
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 194064, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolai N Nikolsky
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 194064, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yuri A Negulyaev
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 194064, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Medical Physics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 29, Polytechnicheskaya st., 195251, St. Petersburg, Russia
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21
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Sun X, Xu B, Xue Y, Li H, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Kang L, Zhang X, Zhang J, Jia Z, Zhang X. Characterization and structure-activity relationship of natural flavonoids as hERG K + channel modulators. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 45:187-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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22
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Gentile S. hERG1 potassium channel in cancer cells: a tool to reprogram immortality. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2016; 45:649-655. [PMID: 27649700 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-016-1169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It has been well established that changes in ion fluxes across cellular membranes as a function of time is fundamental in maintaining cellular homeostasis of every living cell. Consequently, dysregulation of ion channels activity is a critical event in pathological conditions of several tissues, including cancer. Nevertheless, the role of ion channels in cancer biology is still not well understood and very little is known about the possible therapeutic opportunities offered by the use of the vast collection of drugs that target ion channels. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in understanding the role of the voltage-gated hERG1 potassium channel in cancer and on the effects of pharmacologic manipulation of the hERG1 in cancer cells aiming to provide insights into the biochemical signaling and cellular processes that are altered by using these drugs.
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23
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Valdez-Velazquéz LL, Romero-Gutierrez MT, Delgado-Enciso I, Dobrovinskaya O, Melnikov V, Quintero-Hernández V, Ceballos-Magaña SG, Gaitan-Hinojosa MA, Coronas FI, Puebla-Perez AM, Zamudio F, De la Cruz-García I, Vázquez-Vuelvas OF, Soriano-Hernandez AD, Possani LD. Comprehensive analysis of venom from the scorpion Centruroides tecomanus reveals compounds with antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and insecticidal activities. Toxicon 2016; 118:95-103. [PMID: 27130039 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Centruroides tecomanus is a medically important scorpion of the state of Colima (Mexico). This communication reports the identification of venom components of this scorpion with biological activity over insects/crickets (Acheta domestica), crustaceans/fresh water shrimps (Cambarellus montezumae), and mammalians/mice (Mus musculus, strain CD1). It also describes the pharmacological effects on cell lines in culture (L5178Y cells, HeLa cells, HuTu cells and Jurkat E6-1 cells), as well as on several types of bacteria (see below). The soluble venom of this scorpion was fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and collected separately in twelve independent fractions collected over 60 min run (5 min time apart each other). The HPLC components of fraction VII were lethal to all three species used for assay. The IVth fraction had a toxic effect on freshwater shrimps. In this species, fractions VI, VII and VIII were all lethal. For crickets, fractions V and VI were toxic and fraction VII was lethal. In mouse, the lethal components were found in fraction VII, whereas fraction VIII was toxic, but not lethal, at the doses assayed. The molecular weight of peptides from the various group of fractions were identified by mass spectrometry determination. Components lethal to mice showed molecular weights from 7013 to 7487 Da. Two peptides were obtained in homogeneous form and shown to be lethal to the three species of animal used for assay. The soluble venom tested on L5178Y cell line survival was shown to be cytotoxic, at 10-100 μg/mL concentration, when compared to control murine splenocytes (p = 0.007). The soluble venom applied to Hela, Hutu and Jurkat cell lines did not show cytotoxic effects at these concentrations. On the contrary, it seems to have a proliferative effect. However the HPLC fractions I, III, VI and XII do have a cytotoxic effect on Jurkat E06-1 cells in culture at 200 μg/mL concentration. The antimicrobial activity of the venom fractions on Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Salmonella spp (gram-negative) was measured, using the liquid inhibition growth system. The four strains of bacteria used were susceptible to fractions III and IV, affecting all four bacterial strains at concentrations below 5 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Valdez-Velazquéz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Kilometro 9 Carretera Colima-Coquimatlan, Código Postal 28400, Coquimatlan, Colima, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Av. Universidad 333, Colonia las Viboras, Código Postal 28040, Colima, Mexico.
| | - M T Romero-Gutierrez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Av. Universidad 333, Colonia las Viboras, Código Postal 28040, Colima, Mexico
| | - I Delgado-Enciso
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Kilometro 9 Carretera Colima-Coquimatlan, Código Postal 28400, Coquimatlan, Colima, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Av. Universidad 333, Colonia las Viboras, Código Postal 28040, Colima, Mexico
| | - O Dobrovinskaya
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de Julio 965, Código Postal 28045, Colima, Mexico
| | - V Melnikov
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Av. Universidad 333, Colonia las Viboras, Código Postal 28040, Colima, Mexico
| | - V Quintero-Hernández
- CONACYT Research Fellow - Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular Microbiana, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas-Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, Código Postal 72570, Puebla, Mexico
| | - S G Ceballos-Magaña
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Colima, c/Bernal Díaz del Castillo 340, Código Postal 28045, Colima, Mexico
| | - M A Gaitan-Hinojosa
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Kilometro 9 Carretera Colima-Coquimatlan, Código Postal 28400, Coquimatlan, Colima, Mexico
| | - F I Coronas
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - A M Puebla-Perez
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Olímpica, Apartado Postal 44430, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - F Zamudio
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - I De la Cruz-García
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Kilometro 9 Carretera Colima-Coquimatlan, Código Postal 28400, Coquimatlan, Colima, Mexico
| | - O F Vázquez-Vuelvas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Kilometro 9 Carretera Colima-Coquimatlan, Código Postal 28400, Coquimatlan, Colima, Mexico
| | - A D Soriano-Hernandez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Av. Universidad 333, Colonia las Viboras, Código Postal 28040, Colima, Mexico
| | - L D Possani
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Menéndez ST, Villaronga MÁ, Rodrigo JP, Álvarez-Teijeiro S, Urdinguio RG, Fraga MF, Suárez C, García-Pedrero JM. HERG1A potassium channel is the predominant isoform in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: evidence for regulation by epigenetic mechanisms. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19666. [PMID: 26785772 PMCID: PMC4726400 DOI: 10.1038/srep19666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidences indicate that HERG1 voltage-gated potassium channel is frequently aberrantly expressed in various cancers including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), representing a clinically and biologically relevant feature during disease progression and a potential therapeutic target. The present study further and significantly extends these data investigating for the first time the expression and individual contribution of HERG1 isoforms, their clinical significance during disease progression and also the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Analysis of HERG1A and HERG1B expression using real-time RT-PCR consistently showed that HERG1A is the predominant isoform in ten HNSCC-derived cell lines tested. HERG2 and HERG3 were also detected. Immunohistochemical analysis of HERG1A expression on 133 HNSCC specimens demonstrated that HERG1A expression increased during tumour progression and correlated significantly with reduced disease-specific survival. Furthermore, our study provides original evidence supporting the involvement of histone acetylation (i.e. H3Ac and H4K16Ac activating marks) in the regulation of HERG1 expression in HNSCC. Interestingly, this mechanism was also found to regulate the expression of another oncogenic channel (Kv3.4) as well as HERG2 and HERG3. These data demonstrate that HERG1A is the predominant and disease-relevant isoform in HNSCC progression, while histone acetylation emerges as an important regulatory mechanism underlying Kv gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía T Menéndez
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Villaronga
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Saúl Álvarez-Teijeiro
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rocío G Urdinguio
- Unidad de Epigenética del Cáncer, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Unidad de Epigenética del Cáncer, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology, CNB-CSIC, Cantoblanco, Madrid E-28049, Spain
| | - Carlos Suárez
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juana M García-Pedrero
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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hERG1 Potassium Channels: Novel Biomarkers in Human Solid Cancers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:896432. [PMID: 26339650 PMCID: PMC4538961 DOI: 10.1155/2015/896432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Because of their high incidence and mortality solid cancers are a major health problem worldwide. Although several new biomarkers and potential targets for therapy have been identified through biomolecular research in the last years, the effects on patients' outcome are still unsatisfactory. Increasing evidence indicates that hERG1 potassium channels are overexpressed in human primary cancers of different origin and several associations between hERG1 expression and clinicopathological features and/or outcome are emerging. Aberrant hERG1 expression may be exploited either for early diagnosis (especially in those cancers where it is expressed in the initial steps of tumor progression) or for therapy purposes. Indeed, hERG1 blockage impairs tumor cell growth both in vitro and in vivo in preclinical mouse model. hERG1-based tumor therapy in humans, however, encounters the major hindrance of the potential cardiotoxicity that many hERG1 blockers exert. In this review we focus on recent advances in translational research in some of the most frequent human solid cancers (breast, endometrium, ovary, pancreas, esophagus, stomach, and colorectum) that have been shown to express hERG1 and that are a major health problem.
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Bulk E, Ay AS, Hammadi M, Ouadid-Ahidouch H, Schelhaas S, Hascher A, Rohde C, Thoennissen NH, Wiewrodt R, Schmidt E, Marra A, Hillejan L, Jacobs AH, Klein HU, Dugas M, Berdel WE, Müller-Tidow C, Schwab A. Epigenetic dysregulation of KCa 3.1 channels induces poor prognosis in lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:1306-17. [PMID: 25704182 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Epigenomic changes are an important feature of malignant tumors. How tumor aggressiveness is affected by DNA methylation of specific loci is largely unexplored. In genome-wide DNA methylation analyses, we identified the KCa 3.1 channel gene (KCNN4) promoter to be hypomethylated in an aggressive non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell line and in patient samples. Accordingly, KCa 3.1 expression was increased in more aggressive NSCLC cells. Both findings were strong predictors for poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Increased KCa 3.1 expression was associated with aggressive features of NSCLC cells. Proliferation and migration of pro-metastatic NSCLC cells depended on KCa 3.1 activity. Mechanistically, elevated KCa 3.1 expression hyperpolarized the membrane potential, thereby augmenting the driving force for Ca(2+) influx. KCa 3.1 blockade strongly reduced the growth of xenografted NSCLC cells in mice as measured by positron emission tomography-computed tomography. Thus, loss of DNA methylation of the KCNN4 promoter and increased KCa 3.1 channel expression and function are mechanistically linked to poor survival of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etmar Bulk
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anne-Sophie Ay
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, EA 4667, SFR CAP-SANTE (FED4231), UFR Sciences, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, 80039, France
| | - Mehdi Hammadi
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, EA 4667, SFR CAP-SANTE (FED4231), UFR Sciences, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, 80039, France.,Inserm U916, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, 33076, France
| | - Halima Ouadid-Ahidouch
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, EA 4667, SFR CAP-SANTE (FED4231), UFR Sciences, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, 80039, France
| | - Sonja Schelhaas
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Antje Hascher
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Rohde
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nils H Thoennissen
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine II and Clinic (Oncology Center), University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Wiewrodt
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Schmidt
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alessandro Marra
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Niels-Stensen Clinics, Ostercappeln, Germany
| | - Ludger Hillejan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Niels-Stensen Clinics, Ostercappeln, Germany
| | - Andreas H Jacobs
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Johanniter Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Klein
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Dugas
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E Berdel
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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27
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Rao VR, Perez-Neut M, Kaja S, Gentile S. Voltage-gated ion channels in cancer cell proliferation. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:849-75. [PMID: 26010603 PMCID: PMC4491688 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7020813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes of the electrical charges across the surface cell membrane are absolutely necessary to maintain cellular homeostasis in physiological as well as in pathological conditions. The opening of ion channels alter the charge distribution across the surface membrane as they allow the diffusion of ions such as K+, Ca++, Cl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya R Rao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago 2160 S. 1s tAve, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Mathew Perez-Neut
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago 2160 S. 1s tAve, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Simon Kaja
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
| | - Saverio Gentile
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago 2160 S. 1s tAve, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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Ion channel expression as promising cancer biomarker. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:2685-702. [PMID: 25542783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease with marked heterogeneity in both response to therapy and survival. Clinical and histopathological characteristics have long determined prognosis and therapy. The introduction of molecular diagnostics has heralded an explosion in new prognostic factors. Overall, histopathology, immunohistochemistry and molecular biology techniques have described important new prognostic subgroups in the different cancer categories. Ion channels and transporters (ICT) are a new class of membrane proteins which are aberrantly expressed in several types of human cancers. Besides regulating different aspect of cancer cell behavior, ICT can now represent novel cancer biomarkers. A summary of the data obtained so far and relative to breast, prostate, lung, colorectal, esophagus, pancreatic and gastric cancers are reported. Special emphasis is given to those studies aimed at relating specific ICT or a peculiar ICT profile with current diagnostic methods. Overall, we are close to exploit ICTs for diagnostic, prognostic or predictive purposes in cancer. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
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29
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Involvement of potassium channels in the progression of cancer to a more malignant phenotype. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:2477-92. [PMID: 25517985 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Potassium channels are a diverse group of pore-forming transmembrane proteins that selectively facilitate potassium flow through an electrochemical gradient. They participate in the control of the membrane potential and cell excitability in addition to different cell functions such as cell volume regulation, proliferation, cell migration, angiogenesis as well as apoptosis. Because these physiological processes are essential for the correct cell function, K+ channels have been associated with a growing number of diseases including cancer. In fact, different K+ channel families such as the voltage-gated K+ channels, the ether à-go-go K+ channels, the two pore domain K+ channels and the Ca2+-activated K+ channels have been associated to tumor biology. Potassium channels have a role in neoplastic cell-cycle progression and their expression has been found abnormal in many types of tumors and cancer cells. In addition, the expression and activity of specific K+ channels have shown a significant correlation with the tumor malignancy grade. The aim of this overview is to summarize published data on K+ channels that exhibit oncogenic properties and have been linked to a more malignant cancer phenotype. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
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30
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Pier DM, Shehatou GSG, Giblett S, Pullar CE, Trezise DJ, Pritchard CA, Challiss RAJ, Mitcheson JS. Long-term channel block is required to inhibit cellular transformation by human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG1) potassium channels. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 86:211-21. [PMID: 24830940 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.091439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Both human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG1) and the closely related human ether-à-go-go (hEAG1) channel are aberrantly expressed in a large proportion of human cancers. In the present study, we demonstrate that transfection of hERG1 into mouse fibroblasts is sufficient to induce many features characteristic of malignant transformation. An important finding of this work is that this transformation could be reversed by chronic incubation (for 2-3 weeks) with the hERG channel blocker dofetilide (100 nM), whereas more acute applications (for 1-2 days) were ineffective. The hERG1 expression resulted in a profound loss of cell contact inhibition, multiple layers of overgrowing cells, and high saturation densities. Cells also changed from fibroblast-like to a more spindle-shaped morphology, which was associated with a smaller cell size, a dramatic increase in cell polarization, a reduction in the number of actin stress fibers, and less punctate labeling of focal adhesions. Analysis of single-cell migration and scratch-wound closure clearly demonstrated that hERG1-expressing cells migrated more rapidly than vector-transfected control cells. In contrast to previous studies on hEAG1, there were no increases in rates of proliferation, or loss of growth factor dependency; however, hERG1-expressing cells were capable of substrate-independent growth. Allogeneic transplantation of hERG1-expressing cells into nude mice resulted in an increased incidence of tumors. In contrast to hEAG1, the mechanism of cellular transformation is dependent on ion conduction. Trafficking-deficient and conduction-deficient hERG1 mutants also prevented cellular transformation. These results provide evidence that hERG1 expression is sufficient to induce cellular transformation by a mechanism distinct from hEAG1. The most important conclusion of this study is that selective hERG1 channel blockers have therapeutic potential in the treatment of hERG1-expressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Pier
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology (D.M.P., G.S.G.S., C.E.P., R.A.J.C., J.S.M.) and Department of Biochemistry (S.G., C.A.P.), University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Harlow, Essex, United Kingdom (D.J.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mansoura, Egypt (G.S.G.S.); Essen Bioscience Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, UK (D.J.T.); School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (D.M.P.)
| | - George S G Shehatou
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology (D.M.P., G.S.G.S., C.E.P., R.A.J.C., J.S.M.) and Department of Biochemistry (S.G., C.A.P.), University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Harlow, Essex, United Kingdom (D.J.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mansoura, Egypt (G.S.G.S.); Essen Bioscience Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, UK (D.J.T.); School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (D.M.P.)
| | - Susan Giblett
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology (D.M.P., G.S.G.S., C.E.P., R.A.J.C., J.S.M.) and Department of Biochemistry (S.G., C.A.P.), University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Harlow, Essex, United Kingdom (D.J.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mansoura, Egypt (G.S.G.S.); Essen Bioscience Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, UK (D.J.T.); School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (D.M.P.)
| | - Christine E Pullar
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology (D.M.P., G.S.G.S., C.E.P., R.A.J.C., J.S.M.) and Department of Biochemistry (S.G., C.A.P.), University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Harlow, Essex, United Kingdom (D.J.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mansoura, Egypt (G.S.G.S.); Essen Bioscience Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, UK (D.J.T.); School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (D.M.P.)
| | - Derek J Trezise
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology (D.M.P., G.S.G.S., C.E.P., R.A.J.C., J.S.M.) and Department of Biochemistry (S.G., C.A.P.), University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Harlow, Essex, United Kingdom (D.J.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mansoura, Egypt (G.S.G.S.); Essen Bioscience Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, UK (D.J.T.); School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (D.M.P.)
| | - Catrin A Pritchard
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology (D.M.P., G.S.G.S., C.E.P., R.A.J.C., J.S.M.) and Department of Biochemistry (S.G., C.A.P.), University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Harlow, Essex, United Kingdom (D.J.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mansoura, Egypt (G.S.G.S.); Essen Bioscience Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, UK (D.J.T.); School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (D.M.P.)
| | - R A John Challiss
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology (D.M.P., G.S.G.S., C.E.P., R.A.J.C., J.S.M.) and Department of Biochemistry (S.G., C.A.P.), University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Harlow, Essex, United Kingdom (D.J.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mansoura, Egypt (G.S.G.S.); Essen Bioscience Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, UK (D.J.T.); School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (D.M.P.)
| | - John S Mitcheson
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology (D.M.P., G.S.G.S., C.E.P., R.A.J.C., J.S.M.) and Department of Biochemistry (S.G., C.A.P.), University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Harlow, Essex, United Kingdom (D.J.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mansoura, Egypt (G.S.G.S.); Essen Bioscience Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, UK (D.J.T.); School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (D.M.P.)
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Heylman C, Sobrino A, Shirure VS, Hughes CC, George SC. A strategy for integrating essential three-dimensional microphysiological systems of human organs for realistic anticancer drug screening. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:1240-54. [PMID: 24740872 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214525295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. Despite some success, traditional anticancer drugs developed to reduce tumor growth face important limitations primarily due to undesirable bone marrow and cardiovascular toxicity. Many drugs fail in clinical development after showing promise in preclinical trials, suggesting that the available in vitro and animal models are poor predictors of drug efficacy and toxicity in humans. Thus, novel models that more accurately mimic the biology of human organs are necessary for high-throughput drug screening. Three-dimensional (3D) microphysiological systems can utilize induced pluripotent stem cell technology, tissue engineering, and microfabrication techniques to develop tissue models of human tumors, cardiac muscle, and bone marrow on the order of 1 mm(3) in size. A functional network of human capillaries and microvessels to overcome diffusion limitations in nutrient delivery and waste removal can also nourish the 3D microphysiological tissues. Importantly, the 3D microphysiological tissues are grown on optically clear platforms that offer non-invasive and non-destructive image acquisition with subcellular resolution in real time. Such systems offer a new paradigm for high-throughput drug screening and will significantly improve the efficiency of identifying new drugs for cancer treatment that minimize cardiac and bone marrow toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Heylman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Agua Sobrino
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Venktesh S Shirure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Christopher Cw Hughes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Steven C George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Wei X, Sun H, Yan H, Zhang C, Zhang S, Liu X, Hua N, Ma X, Zheng J. ZC88, a novel 4-amino piperidine analog, inhibits the growth of neuroblastoma cells through blocking hERG potassium channel. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 14:450-7. [PMID: 23917377 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.24423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have provided convincing evidence for hERG as an important diagnostic and prognostic factor in human cancers, as well as a useful target for antineoplastic therapy. Our previous study also revealed that knockdown of herg gene expression by shRNA interference inhibited the growth of neuroblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo. In the experiment, a novel 4-amino piperidine analog, ZC88, was examined for its effect on hERG potassium channels and its antitumor potency was observed in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that ZC88 could block hERG1 and hERG1b channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. ZC88 displayed significant antiproliferative activity in several tumor cell lines and the tumor cells with higher expression of hERG presented higher sensitivity to ZC88. The mitotic progression of tumor cells was markedly suppressed in the presence of ZC88 through arresting cells in G₀/G₁ phase. ZC88 significantly inhibited the tumor growth in nude mice at a dosage with slight influence on the cardiac QT interval. The antitumor effect of ZC88 was correlated at least partly with its blockage of hERG channels, which implicated a positive role of hERG potassium channel in tumor cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wei
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
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33
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HERG K+ channel-dependent apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human glioblastoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88164. [PMID: 24516604 PMCID: PMC3916397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is associated with poor patient survival owing to uncontrolled tumor proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. Human ether-a-go-go-related gene K+ channels (hERG; Kv11.1, KCNH2) are expressed in multiple cancer cells including GB and control cell proliferation and death. We hypothesized that pharmacological targeting of hERG protein would inhibit tumor growth by inducing apoptosis of GB cells. The small molecule hERG ligand doxazosin induced concentration-dependent apoptosis of human LNT-229 (EC50 = 35 µM) and U87MG (EC50 = 29 µM) GB cells, accompanied by cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. Apoptosis was associated with 64% reduction of hERG protein. HERG suppression via siRNA-mediated knock down mimicked pro-apoptotic effects of doxazosin. Antagonism of doxazosin binding by the non-apoptotic hERG ligand terazosin resulted in rescue of protein expression and in increased survival of GB cells. At the molecular level doxazosin-dependent apoptosis was characterized by activation of pro-apoptotic factors (phospho-erythropoietin-producing human hepatocellular carcinoma receptor tyrosine kinase A2, phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gene 153, cleaved caspases 9, 7, and 3), and by inactivation of anti-apoptotic poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase, respectively. In summary, this work identifies doxazosin as small molecule compound that promotes apoptosis and exerts anti-proliferative effects in human GB cells. Suppression of hERG protein is a crucial molecular event in GB cell apoptosis. Doxazosin and future derivatives are proposed as novel options for more effective GB treatment.
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Urrego D, Tomczak AP, Zahed F, Stühmer W, Pardo LA. Potassium channels in cell cycle and cell proliferation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20130094. [PMID: 24493742 PMCID: PMC3917348 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal cell-cycle progression is a crucial task for every multicellular organism, as it determines body size and shape, tissue renewal and senescence, and is also crucial for reproduction. On the other hand, dysregulation of the cell-cycle progression leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation is the hallmark of cancer. Therefore, it is not surprising that it is a tightly regulated process, with multifaceted and very complex control mechanisms. It is now well established that one of those mechanisms relies on ion channels, and in many cases specifically on potassium channels. Here, we summarize the possible mechanisms underlying the importance of potassium channels in cell-cycle control and briefly review some of the identified channels that illustrate the multiple ways in which this group of proteins can influence cell proliferation and modulate cell-cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Urrego
- Oncophysiology Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, , Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, Göttingen 37075, Germany
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Pakladok T, Hosseinzadeh Z, Almilaji A, Lebedeva A, Shumilina E, Alesutan I, Lang F. Up-regulation of hERG K⁺ channels by B-RAF. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87457. [PMID: 24475291 PMCID: PMC3903650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human ether-a-go-go related-gene K⁺ channels (hERG) participate in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis. HERG channel activity is up-regulated by growth factors. Kinases sensitive to growth factor signaling include the serine/threonine protein kinase B-RAF. The present study thus explored whether B-RAF influences hERG channel expression and activity. To this end, hERG channels were expressed in Xenopus oocytes with or without wild-type B-RAF, hERG channel activity was determined utilizing dual-electrode voltage clamp and hERG protein abundance in the cell membrane was analyzed utilizing confocal microscopy as well as chemiluminescence. Moreover, in rhabdomyosarcoma RD cells the effect of B-RAF inhibitor PLX-4720 on hERG-mediated current was quantified by whole-cell patch clamp and hERG cell surface protein abundance by utilizing biotinylation of cell surface proteins as well as flow cytometry. As a result, co-expression of wild-type B-RAF in hERG-expressing Xenopus oocytes significantly increased hERG channel activity and hERG channel protein abundance in the cell membrane. Treatment for 24 hours of B-RAF and hERG-expressing Xenopus oocytes with B-RAF inhibitor PLX-4720 (10 µM) significantly decreased hERG-mediated current and hERG cell surface expression. Similarly, in rhabdomyosarcoma RD cells, treatment for 24 hours with B-RAF inhibitor PLX-4720 significantly decreased hERG cell membrane protein abundance and hERG-mediated current. In conclusion, B-RAF is a powerful regulator of hERG channel activity and cell surface hERG protein abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmad Almilaji
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Lebedeva
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Ioana Alesutan
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Lee BH, Ryu PD, Lee SY. Serum starvation-induced voltage-gated potassium channel Kv7.5 expression and its regulation by Sp1 in canine osteosarcoma cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:977-93. [PMID: 24434641 PMCID: PMC3907850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15010977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The KCNQ gene family, whose members encode Kv7 channels, belongs to the voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel group. The roles of this gene family have been widely investigated in nerve and muscle cells. In the present study, we investigated several characteristics of Kv7.5, which is strongly expressed in the canine osteosarcoma cell line, CCL-183. Serum starvation upregulated Kv7.5 expression, and the Kv7 channel opener, flupirtine, attenuated cell proliferation by arresting cells in the G0/G1 phase. We also showed that Kv7.5 knockdown helps CCL-183 cells to proliferate. In an effort to find an endogenous regulator of Kv7.5, we used mithramycin A to reduce the level of the transcription factor Sp1, and it strongly inhibited the induction of Kv7.5 in CCL-183 cells. These results suggest that the activation of Kv7.5 by flupirtine may exert an anti-proliferative effect in canine osteosarcoma. Therefore, Kv7.5 is a possible molecular target for canine osteosarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hyung Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Pan Dong Ryu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - So Yeong Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
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Abstract
Potassium channels are transmembrane proteins that selectively facilitate the flow of potassium ions down an electrochemical gradient. These molecules have been studied in great detail in the context of cell excitability, but their roles in less cell type-specific functions, such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis or cell migration, have only recently been assessed. Moreover, the importance of these channels for tumour biology has become evident. This, coupled with the fact that they are accessible proteins and that their pharmacology is well characterized, has increased the interest in investigating potassium channels as therapeutic targets in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Pardo
- Oncophysiology Group, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Walter Stühmer
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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38
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Girault A, Privé A, Trinh NTN, Bardou O, Ferraro P, Joubert P, Bertrand R, Brochiero E. Identification of KvLQT1 K+ channels as new regulators of non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation and migration. Int J Oncol 2013; 44:838-48. [PMID: 24366043 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
K+ channels, which are overexpressed in several cancers, have been identified as regulators of cell proliferation and migration, key processes in cancer development/propagation. Their role in lung cancer has not been studied extensively; but we showed previously that KvLQT1 channels are involved in cell migration, proliferation and repair of normal lung epithelial cells. We now investigated the role of these channels in lung cancer cell lines and their expression levels in human lung adenocarcinoma (AD) tissues. First, we observed that the wound-healing rates of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell monolayers were reduced by clofilium and chromanol or after silencing with KvLQT1-specific siRNA. Dose-dependent decrease of A549 cell growth and cell accumulation in G0/G1 phase were seen after KvLQT1 inhibition. Clofilium also affected 2D and 3D migration of A549 cells. Similarly, H460 cell growth, migration and wound healing were diminished by this drug. Because K+ channel overexpression has been encountered in some cancers, we assessed KvLQT1 expression levels in tumor tissues from patients with lung AD. KvLQT1 protein expression in tumor samples was increased by 1.5- to 7-fold, compared to paired non-neoplastic tissues, in 17 of 26 patients. In summary, our data reveal that KvLQT1 channel blockade efficiently reduces A549 and H460 cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, KvLQT1 overexpression in AD samples suggests that it could be a potential therapeutic target in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alban Girault
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Anik Privé
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Nguyen Thu Ngan Trinh
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Olivier Bardou
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Pasquale Ferraro
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | - Richard Bertrand
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle Brochiero
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
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Williams S, Bateman A, O'Kelly I. Altered expression of two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channels in cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74589. [PMID: 24116006 PMCID: PMC3792113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium channels have become a focus in cancer biology as they play roles in cell behaviours associated with cancer progression, including proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Two-pore domain (K2P) potassium channels are background channels which enable the leak of potassium ions from cells. As these channels are open at rest they have a profound effect on cellular membrane potential and subsequently the electrical activity and behaviour of cells in which they are expressed. The K2P family of channels has 15 mammalian members and already 4 members of this family (K2P2.1, K2P3.1, K2P9.1, K2P5.1) have been implicated in cancer. Here we examine the expression of all 15 members of the K2P family of channels in a range of cancer types. This was achieved using the online cancer microarray database, Oncomine (www.oncomine.org). Each gene was examined across 20 cancer types, comparing mRNA expression in cancer to normal tissue. This analysis revealed all but 3 K2P family members (K2P4.1, K2P16.1, K2P18.1) show altered expression in cancer. Overexpression of K2P channels was observed in a range of cancers including breast, leukaemia and lung while more cancers (brain, colorectal, gastrointestinal, kidney, lung, melanoma, oesophageal) showed underexpression of one or more channels. K2P1.1, K2P3.1, K2P12.1, were overexpressed in a range of cancers. While K2P1.1, K2P3.1, K2P5.1, K2P6.1, K2P7.1 and K2P10.1 showed significant underexpression across the cancer types examined. This analysis supports the view that specific K2P channels may play a role in cancer biology. Their altered expression together with their ability to impact the function of other ion channels and their sensitivity to environmental stimuli (pO2, pH, glucose, stretch) makes understanding the role these channels play in cancer of key importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Williams
- Human Development and Health, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Bateman
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ita O'Kelly
- Human Development and Health, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: I.M.O'
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Ouadid-Ahidouch H, Ahidouch A. K(+) channels and cell cycle progression in tumor cells. Front Physiol 2013; 4:220. [PMID: 23970866 PMCID: PMC3747328 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
K+ ions play a major role in many cellular processes. The deregulation of K+ signaling is associated with a variety of diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, or diabetes. K+ ions are important for setting the membrane potential, the driving force for Ca2+ influx, and regulate volume of growing cells. Moreover, it is increasingly recognized that K+ channels control cell proliferation through a novel signaling mechanisms triggered and modulated independently of ion fluxes. In cancer, aberrant expression, regulation and/or sublocalization of K+ channels can alter the downstream signals that converge on the cell cycle machinery. Various K+ channels are involved in cell cycle progression and are needed only at particular stages of the cell cycle. Consistent with this idea, the expression of Eag1 and HERG channels fluctuate along the cell cycle. Despite of acquired knowledge, our understanding of K+ channels functioning in cancer cells requires further studies. These include identifying the molecular mechanisms controlling the cell cycle machinery. By understanding how K+ channels regulate cell cycle progression in cancer cells, we will gain insights into how cancer cells subvert the need for K+ signal and its downstream targets to proliferate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halima Ouadid-Ahidouch
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology EA4667, SFR CAP-SANTE FED 4231, UFR Sciences, University of Picardie Jules Verne Amiens, France
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Almilaji A, Munoz C, Elvira B, Fajol A, Pakladok T, Honisch S, Shumilina E, Lang F, Föller M. AMP-activated protein kinase regulates hERG potassium channel. Pflugers Arch 2013; 465:1573-82. [PMID: 23716168 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1299-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Besides their role in cardiac repolarization, human ether-a-go-go-related gene potassium (hERG) channels are expressed in several tumor cells including rhabdomyosarcoma cells. The channels foster cell proliferation. Ubiquitously expressed AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) is a serine-/threonine kinase, stimulating energy-generating and inhibiting energy-consuming processes thereby helping cells survive periods of energy depletion. AMPK has previously been shown to regulate Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase, Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchangers, Ca²⁺ channels and K⁺ channels. The present study tested whether AMPK regulates hERG channel activity. Wild type AMPK (α1β1γ1), constitutively active (γR70Q)AMPK (α1β1γ1(R70Q)), or catalytically inactive (αK45R)AMPK (α1(K45R)β1γ1) were expressed in Xenopus oocytes with hERG. Tail currents were determined as a measure of hERG channel activity by two-electrode-voltage clamp. hERG membrane abundance was quantified by chemiluminescence and visualized by immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. Moreover, hERG currents were measured in RD rhabdomyosarcoma cells after pharmacological modification of AMPK activity using the patch clamp technique. Coexpression of wild-type AMPK and of constitutively active (γR70Q)AMPK significantly downregulated the tail currents in hERG-expressing Xenopus oocytes. Pharmacological activation of AMPK with AICAR or with phenformin inhibited hERG currents in Xenopus oocytes, an effect abrogated by AMPK inhibitor compound C. (γR70Q)AMPK enhanced the Nedd4-2-dependent downregulation of hERG currents. Coexpression of constitutively active (γR70Q)AMPK decreased membrane expression of hERG in Xenopus oocytes. Compound C significantly enhanced whereas AICAR tended to inhibit hERG currents in RD rhabdomyosarcoma cells. AMPK is a powerful regulator of hERG-mediated currents in both, Xenopus oocytes and RD rhabdomyosarcoma cells. AMPK-dependent regulation of hERG may be particularly relevant in cardiac hypertrophy and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Almilaji
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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42
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Abstract
To date, research on the human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) has focused on this potassium channel's role in cardiac repolarization and Long QT Syndrome (LQTS). However, growing evidence implicates hERG in a diversity of physiologic and pathological processes. Here we discuss these other functions of hERG, particularly their impact on diseases beyond cardiac arrhythmia.
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Fano S, Çalışkan G, Heinemann U. Differential effects of blockade of ERG channels on gamma oscillations and excitability in rat hippocampal slices. Eur J Neurosci 2012; 36:3628-35. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fano
- Institute for Neurophysiology; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin; Germany
| | - Gürsel Çalışkan
- Institute for Neurophysiology; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin; Germany
| | - Uwe Heinemann
- Institute for Neurophysiology; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin; Germany
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44
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Role of HERG1 potassium channel in both malignant transformation and disease progression in head and neck carcinomas. Mod Pathol 2012; 25:1069-78. [PMID: 22460808 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2012.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that human ether à-go-go-related gene 1 (HERG1) voltage-gated potassium channels could represent new valuable membrane therapeutic targets and diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers in various cancers. This study is the first to investigate the expression pattern of HERG1 potassium channel subunit in both primary tumors and precancerous lesions to establish its clinical and biological role during the development and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. HERG1 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 133 patients with laryngeal/hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas and 75 patients with laryngeal dysplasia, and correlated with clinical data. Our findings demonstrate that HERG1 is frequently aberrantly expressed in a high percentage of primary tumors (87%), whereas expression was negligible in both stromal cells and normal-adjacent epithelia. HERG1 expression increased during head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression and was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.04), advanced disease stages (P<0.001), regional tumor recurrence (P=0.004), distant metastasis (P=0.03) and reduced disease-specific survival (P=0.012, log-rank test). HERG1-positive expression was also detected in 31 (41%) of 75 laryngeal dysplasias. Interestingly, HERG1 expression increased with the grade of dysplasia; however, HERG1 expression but not histology correlated significantly with increased laryngeal cancer risk (P=0.007). In addition, functional studies in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma-derived cell lines further revealed that HERG1 expression promotes anchorage-dependent and -independent cell growth and invasive capability, although independently of its ion-conducting function. Our data demonstrate that HERG1 expression is a biologically and clinically relevant feature in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression and also during malignant transformation, and a promising candidate as cancer risk marker and therapeutic target for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma prevention and treatment.
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