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Gentile F, Orlando G, Montuoro S, Ferrari Chen YF, Macefield V, Passino C, Giannoni A, Emdin M. Treating heart failure by targeting the vagus nerve. Heart Fail Rev 2024:10.1007/s10741-024-10430-w. [PMID: 39117958 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-024-10430-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Increased sympathetic and reduced parasympathetic nerve activity is associated with disease progression and poor outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure. The demonstration that markers of autonomic imbalance and vagal dysfunction, such as reduced heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity, hold prognostic value in patients with chronic heart failure despite modern therapies encourages the research for neuromodulation strategies targeting the vagus nerve. However, the approaches tested so far have yielded inconclusive results. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in chronic heart failure, describing the pathophysiological background, the methods of assessment, and the rationale, limits, and future perspectives of parasympathetic stimulation either by drugs or bioelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gentile
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri Della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy.
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Fondazione Monasterio, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giulia Orlando
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri Della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Montuoro
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri Della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Yu Fu Ferrari Chen
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Fondazione Monasterio, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Passino
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri Della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Fondazione Monasterio, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Giannoni
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri Della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Fondazione Monasterio, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri Della Libertà 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Fondazione Monasterio, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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2
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Targosova K, Kucera M, Fazekas T, Kilianova Z, Stankovicova T, Hrabovska A. α7 nicotinic receptors play a role in regulation of cardiac hemodynamics. J Neurochem 2024; 168:414-427. [PMID: 37017608 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The α7 nicotinic receptors (NR) have been confirmed in the heart but their role in cardiac functions has been contradictory. To address these contradictory findings, we analyzed cardiac functions in α7 NR knockout mice (α7-/-) in vivo and ex vivo in isolated hearts. A standard limb leads electrocardiogram was used, and the pressure curves were recorded in vivo, in Arteria carotis and in the left ventricle, or ex vivo, in the left ventricle of the spontaneously beating isolated hearts perfused following Langedorff's method. Experiments were performed under basic conditions, hypercholinergic conditions, and adrenergic stress. The relative expression levels of α and β NR subunits, muscarinic receptors, β1 adrenergic receptors, and acetylcholine life cycle markers were determined using RT-qPCR. Our results revealed a prolonged QT interval in α7-/- mice. All in vivo hemodynamic parameters were preserved under all studied conditions. The only difference in ex vivo heart rate between genotypes was the loss of bradycardia in prolonged incubation of isoproterenol-pretreated hearts with high doses of acetylcholine. In contrast, left ventricular systolic pressure was lower under basal conditions and showed a significantly higher increase during adrenergic stimulation. No changes in mRNA expression were observed. In conclusion, α7 NR has no major effect on heart rate, except when stressed hearts are exposed to a prolonged hypercholinergic state, suggesting a role in acetylcholine spillover control. In the absence of extracardiac regulatory mechanisms, left ventricular systolic impairment is revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Targosova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matej Kucera
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Fazekas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physical Chemistry of Drugs, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kilianova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tatiana Stankovicova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anna Hrabovska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
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3
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Wu J, Li X, Zhang Q, Li J, Cui R, Li X. Differential effects of intra-RMTg infusions of pilocarpine or 4-DAMP on regulating depression- and anxiety-like behaviors. Behav Brain Res 2024; 462:114833. [PMID: 38220059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are associated with dysfunction of the mesolimbic dopamine system. The rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) is predominantly composed of GABAergic neurons that exhibit dense projections and strongly inhibit mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons, proposed as a major "brake" for the system. Consequently, the RMTg may be a crucial brain region for regulating these emotions. The central cholinergic system, particularly the muscarinic receptors, plays an important regulatory role in depression and anxiety. M3 muscarinic receptors are distributed on GABAergic neurons in the RMTg, but their involvement in the regulation of depression and anxiety remains uncertain. This study aimed to examine the effects of RMTg M3 muscarinic receptors on regulating depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in adult male Wistar rats, as assessed through the forced swim, tail suspension, and elevated plus maze tests. The results showed that intra-RMTg injections of the M1/M3 muscarinic receptors agonist, pilocarpine (3, 10, and 30 μg/side), or the M3 muscarinic receptors antagonist, 4-DAMP (0.5, 1, and 2 μg/side), did not alter the immobility time in the forced swim and tail suspension tests. Additionally, pilocarpine (30 μg/side) decreased time spent in open arms and increased time in closed arms in the elevated plus maze; while 4-DAMP (1 and 2 μg/side) played the opposite role by increasing time spent in open arms and decreasing time in closed arms. These findings suggest that RMTg M3 muscarinic receptors have differential effects on regulating depression- and anxiety-like behaviors. Enhancing or inhibiting these receptors can produce anxiogenic or anxiolytic effects, but have no impact on depression-like behavior. Therefore, RMTg M3 muscarinic receptors are involved in regulating anxiety and may be a potential therapeutic target for anxiolytic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China; Faculty of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xuhong Li
- Department of Education, Lyuliang University, Lyuliang, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxiang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruisi Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinwang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
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4
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Tapilina SV, Ivanova AD, Filatova TS, Galenko-Yaroshevsky PA, Abramochkin DV. The role of M3 receptors in regulation of electrical activity deteriorates in the rat heart during ageing. Curr Res Physiol 2022; 5:1-7. [PMID: 34977599 PMCID: PMC8685909 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a complex process which affects all systems of the organism and therefore changes the environment where the heart is working. In this study we demonstrate the ageing-related changes in the mechanisms of parasympathetic regulation of mammalian heart. Electrophysiological effects produced by selective activation of M3-cholinoreceptors were compared in isolated cardiac preparations from young adult (4 months), adult (1 year) and ageing (2 years) rats using sharp glass microelectrode technique. M3-receptors were activated with muscarinic agonist pilocarpine (10-5M) in the presence of selective M2 antagonist AQ-RA741 (10-7M). In atrial and ventricular myocardium from young rats M3 stimulation induced shortening of action potentials(APs), while no significant effect was observed in both elder groups. The main mechanism of M3-induced AP shortening is inhibition of L-type Ca2+ current, estimated using whole-cell patch-clamp. It was negligible in atrial myocytes from ageing animals in comparison with young rats. The loss of sensitivity to stimulation of M3-receptors is due to decrease in M3 gene expression, shown by RT-PCR both in atrial and ventricular samples from ageing rats. Thus, in ageing rat heart M3-receptors are down-regulated and not involved in regulation of electrical activity. Stimulation of M3-receptors shortens action potentials (APs) in rat myocardium. This effect of M3-stimulation is diminished in 1 and 2-year old rats. Underlying M3-mediated inhibition of L-type Ca2+ current deteriorates in aged rats. These age-related changes are due to downregulation of M3 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Tapilina
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1, 12, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra D Ivanova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1, 12, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana S Filatova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1, 12, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova Str 1, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Denis V Abramochkin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1, 12, Moscow, Russia
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5
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Sibgatullina GV, Malomouzh AI. GABA in developing rat skeletal muscle and motor neurons. PROTOPLASMA 2020; 257:1009-1015. [PMID: 32016594 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, considerable evidence is accumulated pointing to participation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in intercellular signaling in the peripheral nervous system, including, in particular, neuromuscular transmission. However, where in the neuromuscular synapse GABA is synthesized remains not quite clear. We used histochemical methods to detect GABA and L-glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) in developing skeletal muscle fibers and in cultured motor neurons. We found that GABA can be detected already in myocytes, but with further muscle maturation, GABA synthesis gradually attenuates and completely ceases in early postnatal development. We found also that formation of GABA in muscle tissue does not depend on activity of GAD, but presumably proceeds through some other, alternative pathways. In motor neurons, GABA and GAD can be detected at the early stage of development (prior to synapse formation). Our data support the hypothesis that GABA and GAD, which are detectable in adult neuromuscular junctions, have neuronal origin. The mechanism of GABA production and its role in developing muscle tissue need further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gusel V Sibgatullina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420111, Russia
| | - Artem I Malomouzh
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420111, Russia.
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia.
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6
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Zhao L, Chen T, Hang P, Li W, Guo J, Pan Y, Du J, Zheng Y, Du Z. Choline Attenuates Cardiac Fibrosis by Inhibiting p38MAPK Signaling Possibly by Acting on M 3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1386. [PMID: 31849653 PMCID: PMC6900736 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline has been reported to produce a variety of cellular functions including cardioprotection via activating M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3R) under various insults. However, whether choline offers similar beneficial effects via the same mechanism in cardiac fibrosis remained unexplored. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of choline on cardiac fibrosis and the underlying signaling mechanisms, particularly the possible involvement of M3R. Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) mouse model was established to simulate the cardiac fibrosis. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 treatment was employed to induce proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts in vitro. Choline chloride and M3R antagonist 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP) were used to unravel the potential role of M3R. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and interstitial fibrosis was quantified by Masson staining. Protein levels of collagens I and III were determined by Western blot analysis. The role of M3R in the proliferation cardiac fibroblasts was validated by silencing M3R with specific small interference RNA (siRNA). Furthermore, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway including p38MAPK and ERK1/2 as well as the TGF-β1/Smad pathway were analyzed. M3R protein was found abundantly in cardiac fibroblasts. M3R protein level, as identified by Western blotting, was higher in mice with excessive cardiac fibrosis and in TGF-β1-induced cardiac fibrosis as well. Choline significantly inhibited interstitial fibrosis, and this beneficial action was reversed by 4-DAMP. Production of collagens I and III was reduced after choline treatment but restored by 4-DAMP. Expression silence of endogenous M3R using siRNA increased the level of collagen I. Furthermore, the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and the p38MAPK pathways were both suppressed by choline. In summary, choline produced an anti-fibrotic effect both in vivo and in vitro by regulating the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and p38MAPK pathways. These findings unraveled a novel pharmacological property of choline linked to M3R, suggesting that choline regulates cardiac fibrosis and the associated heart diseases possibly by acting on M3R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Pengzhou Hang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wen Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Pan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingjing Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuyang Zheng
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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7
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Ivanova AD, Tapilina SV, Kuz'min VS. Role of Muscarinic M1, M2, and M3 Receptors in the Regulation of Electrical Activity of Myocardial Tissue of Caval Veins during the Early Postnatal Ontogeny. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 166:421-425. [PMID: 30783837 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We studied the influence of blockers of muscarinic M1, M2, and M3 receptors on the effect of acetylcholine in the myocardial tissue of caval veins in rats at the early stage of ontogeny. The experiments were performed on isolated preparations of the right superior vena cava working under their own rhythm. Action potentials were recorded using the standard microelectrode technique. Acetylcholine (1 μM) suppressed automatic activity in the superior vena cava myocardium. Preliminary perfusion of the preparation with non-selective blocker atropine (1 μM) completely abolished the effect of acetylcholine, treatment with M2 receptor blocker AQ-RA 741 (1 μM) led to partial suppression of the effect of acetylcholine. Blockers of M1 and M3 receptors pirenzepine (1 μM) and 4DAMP (0.1 μM) did not suppress the effect of acetylcholine. Thus, the effect of acetylcholine is predominantly realized via M2 receptors, but M3 receptors can also partially mediate its effect in the superior vena cava myocardium in rats at the early stages of ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Ivanova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - S V Tapilina
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Physiology, N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - V S Kuz'min
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Physiology, N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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8
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Pustovit KB, Potekhina VM, Ivanova AD, Petrov AM, Abramochkin DV, Kuzmin VS. Extracellular ATP and β-NAD alter electrical properties and cholinergic effects in the rat heart in age-specific manner. Purinergic Signal 2019; 15:107-117. [PMID: 30756226 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-019-09645-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (β-NAD) demonstrate properties of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in peripheral and central nervous system. It has been shown previously that ATP and β-NAD affect cardiac functioning in adult mammals. Nevertheless, the modulation of cardiac activity by purine compounds in the early postnatal development is still not elucidated. Also, the potential influence of ATP and β-NAD on cholinergic neurotransmission in the heart has not been investigated previously. Age-dependence of electrophysiological effects produced by extracellular ATP and β-NAD was studied in the rat myocardium using sharp microelectrode technique. ATP and β-NAD could affect ventricular and supraventricular myocardium independent from autonomic influences. Both purines induced reduction of action potentials (APs) duration in tissue preparations of atrial, ventricular myocardium, and myocardial sleeves of pulmonary veins from early postnatal rats similarly to myocardium of adult animals. Both purine compounds demonstrated weak age-dependence of the effect. We have estimated the ability of ATP and β-NAD to alter cholinergic effects in the heart. Both purines suppressed inhibitory effects produced by stimulation of intracardiac parasympathetic nerve in right atria from adult animals, but not in preparations from neonates. Also, ATP and β-NAD suppressed rest and evoked release of acetylcholine (ACh) in adult animals. β-NAD suppressed effects of parasympathetic stimulation and ACh release stronger than ATP. In conclusion, ATP and β-NAD control the heart at the postsynaptic and presynaptic levels via affecting the cardiac myocytes APs and ACh release. Postsynaptic and presynaptic effects of purines may be antagonistic and the latter demonstrates age-dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia B Pustovit
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, building 12, Moscow, Russia, 119991.,Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitjanova 1, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Viktoria M Potekhina
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, building 12, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Alexandra D Ivanova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, building 12, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Alexey M Petrov
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kazan State Medial University, Butlerova st. 49, Kazan, Russia, 420012.,Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", P. O. Box 30, Lobachevsky Str., 2/31, Kazan, Russia, 420111
| | - Denis V Abramochkin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, building 12, Moscow, Russia, 119991.,Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitjanova 1, Moscow, Russia, 117997.,Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Komi Science Center, Ural Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pervomayskaya 50, Syktyvkar, Russia, 167982
| | - Vlad S Kuzmin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, building 12, Moscow, Russia, 119991. .,Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitjanova 1, Moscow, Russia, 117997.
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9
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Rosa GM, Baccino D, Valbusa A, Scala C, Barra F, Brunelli C, Ferrero S. Cardiovascular effects of antimuscarinic agents and beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist for the treatment of overactive bladder. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2018. [PMID: 29542337 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2018.1453496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome is common in the general population, particularly in elderly patients. Antimuscarinic drugs (AMs) are considered the mainstay pharmaceutical treatment of OAB whereas β3-adrenoceptor agonists, such as mirabegron, represent a good alternative. Owing to the important role of muscarinic and β3 receptors in cardiovascular (CV) tissue and to the fact that OAB patients often have CV comorbidities, the safety-profile of these drugs constitute an important challenge. AREAS COVERED The aim of this review is to evaluate the CV effects of AMs and mirabegron in OAB. A systematic literature search from inception until December 2017 was performed on PubMed and Medline. EXPERT OPINION AMs are generally considered to have good CV safety profile but, however, they may cause undesirable adverse events, such as dry mouth, constipation. CV AEs are rare but noteworthy, the most common CV consequences related to the use of these drugs are constituted by an increase in HR and QT interval. Mirabegron has similar efficacy and tolerability to AMs but causes less adverse events, with either modest hypertension and modest increase in HR (<5 bpm) being the most commonly reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Marco Rosa
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology , Ospedale Policlinico San Martino , Genoa , Italy
| | - Danilo Baccino
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology , Ospedale Policlinico San Martino , Genoa , Italy
| | - Alberto Valbusa
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology , Ospedale Policlinico San Martino , Genoa , Italy
| | - Carolina Scala
- b Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Ospedale Policlinico San Martino , Genoa , Italy.,c Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI) , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Fabio Barra
- b Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Ospedale Policlinico San Martino , Genoa , Italy.,c Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI) , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Claudio Brunelli
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology , Ospedale Policlinico San Martino , Genoa , Italy
| | - Simone Ferrero
- b Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Ospedale Policlinico San Martino , Genoa , Italy.,c Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI) , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
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10
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Electrophysiological differences in cholinergic signaling between the hearts of summer and winter frogs (Rana temporaria). J Comp Physiol B 2018; 188:649-656. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-018-1147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Perera RK, Fischer TH, Wagner M, Dewenter M, Vettel C, Bork NI, Maier LS, Conti M, Wess J, El-Armouche A, Hasenfuß G, Nikolaev VO. Atropine augments cardiac contractility by inhibiting cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 4. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15222. [PMID: 29123207 PMCID: PMC5680190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Atropine is a clinically relevant anticholinergic drug, which blocks inhibitory effects of the parasympathetic neurotransmitter acetylcholine on heart rate leading to tachycardia. However, many cardiac effects of atropine cannot be adequately explained solely by its antagonism at muscarinic receptors. In isolated mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes expressing a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based cAMP biosensor, we confirmed that atropine inhibited acetylcholine-induced decreases in cAMP. Unexpectedly, even in the absence of acetylcholine, after G-protein inactivation with pertussis toxin or in myocytes from M2- or M1/3-muscarinic receptor knockout mice, atropine increased cAMP levels that were pre-elevated with the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol. Using the FRET approach and in vitro phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity assays, we show that atropine acts as an allosteric PDE type 4 (PDE4) inhibitor. In human atrial myocardium and in both intact wildtype and M2 or M1/3-receptor knockout mouse Langendorff hearts, atropine led to increased contractility and heart rates, respectively. In vivo, the atropine-dependent prolongation of heart rate increase was blunted in PDE4D but not in wildtype or PDE4B knockout mice. We propose that inhibition of PDE4 by atropine accounts, at least in part, for the induction of tachycardia and the arrhythmogenic potency of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruwan K Perera
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Clinic of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Georg August University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas H Fischer
- Clinic of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Georg August University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Dewenter
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christiane Vettel
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nadja I Bork
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK, German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner sites Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck and Göttingen, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars S Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marco Conti
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Juergen Wess
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuß
- Clinic of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Heart Research Center Göttingen, Georg August University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK, German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner sites Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck and Göttingen, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. .,DZHK, German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner sites Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck and Göttingen, Hamburg, Germany.
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12
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Soukup O, Winder M, Killi UK, Wsol V, Jun D, Kuca K, Tobin G. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors and Drugs Acting on Muscarinic Receptors- Potential Crosstalk of Cholinergic Mechanisms During Pharmacological Treatment. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:637-653. [PMID: 27281175 PMCID: PMC5543679 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160607212615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmaceuticals with targets in the cholinergic transmission have been used for decades and are still fundamental treatments in many diseases and conditions today. Both the transmission and the effects of the somatomotoric and the parasympathetic nervous systems may be targeted by such treatments. Irrespective of the knowledge that the effects of neuronal signalling in the nervous systems may include a number of different receptor subtypes of both the nicotinic and the muscarinic receptors, this complexity is generally overlooked when assessing the mechanisms of action of pharmaceuticals. METHODS We have search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature focused on the cholinergic system. Also, we have taken advantage of our expertise in this field to deduce the conclusions of this study. RESULTS Presently, the life cycle of acetylcholine, muscarinic receptors and their effects are reviewed in the major organ systems of the body. Neuronal and non-neuronal sources of acetylcholine are elucidated. Examples of pharmaceuticals, in particular cholinesterase inhibitors, affecting these systems are discussed. The review focuses on salivary glands, the respiratory tract and the lower urinary tract, since the complexity of the interplay of different muscarinic receptor subtypes is of significance for physiological, pharmacological and toxicological effects in these organs. CONCLUSION Most pharmaceuticals targeting muscarinic receptors are employed at such large doses that no selectivity can be expected. However, some differences in the adverse effect profile of muscarinic antagonists may still be explained by the variation of expression of muscarinic receptor subtypes in different organs. However, a complex pattern of interactions between muscarinic receptor subtypes occurs and needs to be considered when searching for selective pharmaceuticals. In the development of new entities for the treatment of for instance pesticide intoxication, the muscarinic receptor selectivity needs to be considered. Reactivators generally have a muscarinic M2 receptor acting profile. Such a blockade may engrave the situation since it may enlarge the effect of the muscarinic M3 receptor effect. This may explain why respiratory arrest is the major cause for deaths by esterase blocking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Soukup
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Winder
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Uday Kumar Killi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Wsol
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jun
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Gunnar Tobin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Filatova TS, Naumenko N, Galenko-Yaroshevsky PA, Abramochkin DV. M3 cholinoreceptors alter electrical activity of rat left atrium via suppression of L-type Ca 2+ current without affecting K + conductance. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 73:167-174. [PMID: 27858307 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0538-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electrophysiological effects produced by selective activation of M3 cholinoreceptors were studied in isolated left atrium preparations from rat using the standard sharp glass microelectrode technique. The stimulation of M3 receptors was obtained by application of muscarinic agonist pilocarpine (10-5 M) in the presence of selective M2 antagonist methoctramine (10-7 M). Stimulation of M3 receptors induced marked reduction of action potential duration by 14.4 ± 2.4% and 16.1 ± 2.5% of control duration measured at 50 and 90% of repolarization, respectively. This effect was completely abolished by selective M3 blocker 4-DAMP (10-8 M). In isolated myocytes obtained from the rat left atrium, similar pharmacological stimulation of M3 receptors led to suppression of peak L-type calcium current by 13.9 ± 2.6% of control amplitude (measured at +10 mV), but failed to affect K+ currents I to, I Kur, and I Kir. In the absence of M2 blocker methoctramine, pilocarpine (10-5 M) produced stronger attenuation of I CaL and induced an increase in I Kir. This additive inward rectifier current could be abolished by highly selective blocker of Kir3.1/3.4 channels tertiapin-Q (10-6 M) and therefore was identified as I KACh. Thus, in the rat atrial myocardium activation of M3 receptors leads to shortening of action potentials via suppression of I CaL, but does not enhance the major potassium currents involved in repolarization. Joint stimulation of M2 and M3 receptors produces stronger action potential shortening due to M2-mediated activation of I KACh.
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MESH Headings
- Action Potentials/drug effects
- Animals
- Animals, Outbred Strains
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/chemistry
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/metabolism
- Cardiovascular Agents/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Electrophysiological Phenomena/drug effects
- Escin/pharmacology
- Heart Atria/cytology
- Heart Atria/drug effects
- Heart Atria/metabolism
- In Vitro Techniques
- Mice
- Microelectrodes
- Muscarinic Agonists/pharmacology
- Muscarinic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Patch-Clamp Techniques
- Potassium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Potassium Channels/agonists
- Potassium Channels/metabolism
- Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/agonists
- Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/antagonists & inhibitors
- Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptor, Muscarinic M3/agonists
- Receptor, Muscarinic M3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Muscarinic M3/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana S Filatova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Biological Faculty of the Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay Naumenko
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Denis V Abramochkin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Biological Faculty of the Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia.
- Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova street, 1, Moscow, Russia.
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14
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Tapilina SV, Abramochkin DV. Different Myocardial Sensitivity in Newborn and Mature Rats to Selective Stimulation of M3 Cholinoreceptors. Bull Exp Biol Med 2015; 159:8-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-015-2876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Abramochkin DV, Tapilina SV, Vornanen M. A new potassium ion current induced by stimulation of M2 cholinoreceptors in fish atrial myocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 217:1745-51. [PMID: 24526726 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.098509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel potassium ion current induced by muscarinic stimulation (IKACh2) is characterized in atrial cardiomyocytes of teleost fishes (crucian carp, Carassius carassius; rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss) by means of the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. The current is elicited in atrial, but not ventricular, cells by application of carbamylcholine (CCh) in moderate to high concentrations (10(-7)-10(-4) mol l(-1)). It can be distinguished from the classic IKACh, activated by the βγ-subunit of the Gi-protein, because of its low sensitivity to Ba(2+) ions and distinct current-voltage relationship with a very small inward current component. Ni(2+) ions (5 mmol l(-1)) and KB-R7943 (10(-5) mol l(-1)), non-selective blockers of the sodium-calcium exchange current (INCX), strongly reduced and completely abolished, respectively, the IKACh2. Therefore, IKACh2 was initially regarded as a CCh-induced outward component of the INCX. However, the current is not affected by either exclusion of intracellular Na(+) or extracellular Ca(2+), but is completely abolished by intracellular perfusion with K(+)-free solution. Atropine (10(-6) mol l(-1)), a non-selective muscarinic blocker, completely eliminated the IKACh2. A selective antagonist of M2 cholinoreceptors, AF-DX 116 (2×10(-7) mol l(-1)) and an M3 antagonist, 4-DAMP (10(-9) mol l(-1)), decreased IKACh2 by 84.4% and 16.6%, respectively. Pertussis toxin, which irreversibly inhibits Gi-protein coupled to M2 receptors, reduced the current by 95%, when applied into the pipette solution. It is concluded that IKACh2, induced by stimulation of M2 cholinoceptors and subsequent Gi-protein activation, represents a new molecular target for the cardiac parasympathetic innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis V Abramochkin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow 119991, Russia Department of Fundamental and Applied Physiology, Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Tapilina
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Matti Vornanen
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
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16
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Qi J, Tian S, Zhang Z, Zha C, Zhang Y, Hang P, Du Z. Choline prevents cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting protein kinase C-δ dependent transient receptor potential canonical 6 channel. Int J Cardiol 2014; 172:e525-6. [PMID: 24486061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiancui Qi
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shanshan Tian
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chuanqin Zha
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Pengzhou Hang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Rosa GM, Bauckneht M, Scala C, Tafi E, Leone Roberti Maggiore U, Ferrero S, Brunelli C. Cardiovascular effects of antimuscarinic agents in overactive bladder. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2013; 12:815-27. [PMID: 23800037 DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2013.813016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The potential impact of antimuscarinics (AMs) on cardiac function is a major concern in the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) patients, especially in older ones who are likely to present cardiovascular (CV) comorbidities and other risk factors that may predispose them to the adverse cardiac effects of this therapy. AREAS COVERED This article aims to review the literature on the impact on the CV system of AMs used in the treatment of OAB, giving a comprehensive explanation of the pathogenetic mechanisms of AMs' effects on CV system and the impact of each AM drug on cardiac function. EXPERT OPINION Although the CV safety of AM drugs seems to be good, evidence provided in this manuscript does not allow to exclude an increase in HR, QT prolongation or an increase in the CV risk due to drug-drug interactions in OAB patients who are usually elderly and have comorbidities. Clinical and electrocardiographic monitoring may be necessary throughout the administration period in selected populations such as patients aged > 80 years, those with coronary heart disease or congestive heart failure. Further studies are needed to understand whether the most recently developed AM drugs, such as imidafenacin, are safer than the old ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Marco Rosa
- University of Genoa, San Martino Hospital and National Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cardiology , Genoa , Italy
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18
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Lu X, Costantini T, Lopez NE, Wolf PL, Hageny AM, Putnam J, Eliceiri B, Coimbra R. Vagal nerve stimulation protects cardiac injury by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction in a murine burn injury model. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:664-71. [PMID: 23577721 PMCID: PMC3822819 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in the integration and execution of a wide variety of apoptotic signals. In the present study, we examined the deleterious effects of burn injury on heart tissue. We explored the effects of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) on cardiac injury in a murine burn injury model, with a focus on the protective effect of VNS on mitochondrial dysfunction in heart tissue. Mice were subjected to a 30% total body surface area, full-thickness steam burn followed by right cervical VNS for 10 min. and compared to burn alone. A separate group of mice were treated with the M3-muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3-AchR) antagonist 4-DAMP or phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 prior to burn and VNS. Heart tissue samples were collected at 6 and 24 hrs after injury to measure changes in apoptotic signalling pathways. Burn injury caused significant cardiac pathological changes, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, mitochondrial swelling and decrease in myocardial ATP content at 6 and 24 hrs after injury. These changes were significantly attenuated by VNS. VNS inhibited release of pro-apoptotic protein cytochrome C and apoptosis-inducing factor from mitochondria to cytosol by increasing the expression of Bcl-2, and the phosphorylation level of Bad (pBad136) and Akt (pAkt308). These protective changes were blocked by 4-DAMP or LY294002. We demonstrated that VNS protected against burn injury–induced cardiac injury by attenuating mitochondria dysfunction, likely through the M3-AchR and the PI3K/Akt signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiong Lu
- Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care and Burns, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego Health Sciences, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
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19
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Verkerk AO, Geuzebroek GSC, Veldkamp MW, Wilders R. Effects of acetylcholine and noradrenalin on action potentials of isolated rabbit sinoatrial and atrial myocytes. Front Physiol 2012; 3:174. [PMID: 22754533 PMCID: PMC3385584 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system controls heart rate and contractility through sympathetic and parasympathetic inputs to the cardiac tissue, with acetylcholine (ACh) and noradrenalin (NA) as the chemical transmitters. In recent years, it has become clear that specific Regulators of G protein Signaling proteins (RGS proteins) suppress muscarinic sensitivity and parasympathetic tone, identifying RGS proteins as intriguing potential therapeutic targets. In the present study, we have identified the effects of 1 μM ACh and 1 μM NA on the intrinsic action potentials of sinoatrial (SA) nodal and atrial myocytes. Single cells were enzymatically isolated from the SA node or from the left atrium of rabbit hearts. Action potentials were recorded using the amphotericin-perforated patch-clamp technique in the absence and presence of ACh, NA, or a combination of both. In SA nodal myocytes, ACh increased cycle length and decreased diastolic depolarization rate, whereas NA decreased cycle length and increased diastolic depolarization rate. Both ACh and NA increased maximum upstroke velocity. Furthermore, ACh hyperpolarized the maximum diastolic potential. In atrial myocytes stimulated at 2 Hz, both ACh and NA hyperpolarized the maximum diastolic potential, increased the action potential amplitude, and increased the maximum upstroke velocity. Action potential duration at 50 and 90% repolarization was decreased by ACh, but increased by NA. The effects of both ACh and NA on action potential duration showed a dose dependence in the range of 1-1000 nM, while a clear-cut frequency dependence in the range of 1-4 Hz was absent. Intermediate results were obtained in the combined presence of ACh and NA in both SA nodal and atrial myocytes. Our data uncover the extent to which SA nodal and atrial action potentials are intrinsically dependent on ACh, NA, or a combination of both and may thus guide further experiments with RGS proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie O Verkerk
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
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