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Tonon CR, Monte MG, Balin PS, Fujimori ASS, Ribeiro APD, Ferreira NF, Vieira NM, Cabral RP, Okoshi MP, Okoshi K, Zornoff LAM, Minicucci MF, Paiva SAR, Gomes MJ, Polegato BF. Liraglutide Pretreatment Does Not Improve Acute Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5833. [PMID: 38892020 PMCID: PMC11172760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin is an effective drug for cancer treatment; however, cardiotoxicity limits its use. Cardiotoxicity pathophysiology is multifactorial. GLP-1 analogues have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, we evaluated the effect of pretreatment with liraglutide on doxorubicin-induced acute cardiotoxicity. A total of 60 male Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: Control (C), Doxorubicin (D), Liraglutide (L), and Doxorubicin + Liraglutide (DL). L and DL received subcutaneous injection of liraglutide 0.6 mg/kg daily, while C and D received saline for 2 weeks. Afterwards, D and DL received a single intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin 20 mg/kg; C and L received an injection of saline. Forty-eight hours after doxorubicin administration, the rats were subjected to echocardiogram, isolated heart functional study, and euthanasia. Liraglutide-treated rats ingested significantly less food and gained less body weight than animals that did not receive the drug. Rats lost weight after doxorubicin injection. At echocardiogram and isolated heart study, doxorubicin-treated rats had systolic and diastolic function impairment. Myocardial catalase activity was statistically higher in doxorubicin-treated rats. Myocardial protein expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB (p-NFκB), troponin T, and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) was significantly lower, and the total NFκB/p-NFκB ratio and TLR-4 higher in doxorubicin-treated rats. Myocardial expression of OPA-1, MFN-2, DRP-1, and topoisomerase 2β did not differ between groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is accompanied by decreased Bcl-2 and phosphorylated NFκB and increased catalase activity and TLR-4 expression. Liraglutide failed to improve acute doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina R. Tonon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (P.S.B.); (A.S.S.F.); (A.P.D.R.); (N.F.F.); (N.M.V.); (R.P.C.); (M.P.O.); (K.O.); (L.A.M.Z.); (M.F.M.); (S.A.R.P.); (B.F.P.)
| | - Marina G. Monte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (P.S.B.); (A.S.S.F.); (A.P.D.R.); (N.F.F.); (N.M.V.); (R.P.C.); (M.P.O.); (K.O.); (L.A.M.Z.); (M.F.M.); (S.A.R.P.); (B.F.P.)
| | - Paola S. Balin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (P.S.B.); (A.S.S.F.); (A.P.D.R.); (N.F.F.); (N.M.V.); (R.P.C.); (M.P.O.); (K.O.); (L.A.M.Z.); (M.F.M.); (S.A.R.P.); (B.F.P.)
| | - Anderson S. S. Fujimori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (P.S.B.); (A.S.S.F.); (A.P.D.R.); (N.F.F.); (N.M.V.); (R.P.C.); (M.P.O.); (K.O.); (L.A.M.Z.); (M.F.M.); (S.A.R.P.); (B.F.P.)
| | - Ana Paula D. Ribeiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (P.S.B.); (A.S.S.F.); (A.P.D.R.); (N.F.F.); (N.M.V.); (R.P.C.); (M.P.O.); (K.O.); (L.A.M.Z.); (M.F.M.); (S.A.R.P.); (B.F.P.)
| | - Natália F. Ferreira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (P.S.B.); (A.S.S.F.); (A.P.D.R.); (N.F.F.); (N.M.V.); (R.P.C.); (M.P.O.); (K.O.); (L.A.M.Z.); (M.F.M.); (S.A.R.P.); (B.F.P.)
| | - Nayane M. Vieira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (P.S.B.); (A.S.S.F.); (A.P.D.R.); (N.F.F.); (N.M.V.); (R.P.C.); (M.P.O.); (K.O.); (L.A.M.Z.); (M.F.M.); (S.A.R.P.); (B.F.P.)
| | - Ronny P. Cabral
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (P.S.B.); (A.S.S.F.); (A.P.D.R.); (N.F.F.); (N.M.V.); (R.P.C.); (M.P.O.); (K.O.); (L.A.M.Z.); (M.F.M.); (S.A.R.P.); (B.F.P.)
| | - Marina P. Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (P.S.B.); (A.S.S.F.); (A.P.D.R.); (N.F.F.); (N.M.V.); (R.P.C.); (M.P.O.); (K.O.); (L.A.M.Z.); (M.F.M.); (S.A.R.P.); (B.F.P.)
| | - Katashi Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (P.S.B.); (A.S.S.F.); (A.P.D.R.); (N.F.F.); (N.M.V.); (R.P.C.); (M.P.O.); (K.O.); (L.A.M.Z.); (M.F.M.); (S.A.R.P.); (B.F.P.)
| | - Leonardo A. M. Zornoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (P.S.B.); (A.S.S.F.); (A.P.D.R.); (N.F.F.); (N.M.V.); (R.P.C.); (M.P.O.); (K.O.); (L.A.M.Z.); (M.F.M.); (S.A.R.P.); (B.F.P.)
| | - Marcos F. Minicucci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (P.S.B.); (A.S.S.F.); (A.P.D.R.); (N.F.F.); (N.M.V.); (R.P.C.); (M.P.O.); (K.O.); (L.A.M.Z.); (M.F.M.); (S.A.R.P.); (B.F.P.)
| | - Sergio A. R. Paiva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (P.S.B.); (A.S.S.F.); (A.P.D.R.); (N.F.F.); (N.M.V.); (R.P.C.); (M.P.O.); (K.O.); (L.A.M.Z.); (M.F.M.); (S.A.R.P.); (B.F.P.)
| | - Mariana J. Gomes
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Bertha F. Polegato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (P.S.B.); (A.S.S.F.); (A.P.D.R.); (N.F.F.); (N.M.V.); (R.P.C.); (M.P.O.); (K.O.); (L.A.M.Z.); (M.F.M.); (S.A.R.P.); (B.F.P.)
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Yeo HS, Lim JY. Effects of exercise prehabilitation on muscle atrophy and contractile properties in hindlimb-unloaded rats. Muscle Nerve 2023; 68:886-893. [PMID: 37772693 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Effective strategies for rapid recovery after surgery are needed. Therefore, we investigated the effects of exercise prehabilitation (EP) and hindlimb unloading (HU) on muscle loss and contractility. METHODS Twenty-two Sprague-Dawley rats (12 wk old) were divided into normal control (NCON, n = 5), hindlimb unloading control (HCON, n = 10), and exercise prehabilitation followed by hindlimb unloading (Ex-preH, n = 7) groups. Ex-PreH performed exercise training for 14 days before hindlimb unloading for 14 days. Body composition was evaluated, along with muscle strength and function. The soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle contractile properties were analyzed at the whole-muscle level. The titin concentration and myosin heavy chain (MHC) type composition were analyzed. RESULTS There were no effects of Ex-preH on total mass, lean mass, or muscle weight. Physical function was significantly higher in the Ex-preH group than in the HCON group (39.5° vs. 35.7°). The SOL twitch force (19.6 vs. 7.1 mN/m2 ) and specific force (107.3 vs. 61.2 mN/m2 ) were greater in Ex-preH group than in HCON group. EDL shortening velocity was higher in Ex-preH group than in HCON group (13.2 vs. 5.0 FL/s). The SOL full-length titin level was higher in Ex-preH group than in HCON group. DISCUSSION Exercise prehabilitation did not prevent muscle mass loss followed by muscle wasting, although it minimized the reduction of physical function. Therefore, exercise prehabilitation should be considered for rapid functional recovery after disuse due to surgery and injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Seong Yeo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Seoul National University Institute on Aging, Seoul, South Korea
- Aging & Mobility Biophysics Laboratory, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jae-Young Lim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Seoul National University Institute on Aging, Seoul, South Korea
- Aging & Mobility Biophysics Laboratory, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
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Andreou C, Matsakas A. Current insights into cellular senescence and myotoxicity induced by doxorubicin. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:1084-1096. [PMID: 35288882 DOI: 10.1055/a-1797-7622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin is an anti-neoplasmic drug that prevents DNA replication but induces senescence and cellular toxicity. Intensive research has focused on strategies to alleviate the doxorubicin-induced skeletal myotoxicity. The aim of the present review is to critically discuss the relevant scientific evidence about the role of exercise and growth factor administration and offer novel insights about newly developed-tools to combat the adverse drug reactions of doxorubicin treatment on skeletal muscle. In the first part, we discuss current data and mechanistic details on the impact of doxorubicin on skeletal myotoxicity. We next, review key aspects about the role of regular exercise and the impact of growth factors either administered pharmacologically or via genetic interventions. Future strategies such as combination of exercise and growth factor administration remain to be established to combat the pharmacologically-induced myotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Andreou
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Antonios Matsakas
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Hile E, Neuhold R. Using frequency to bolus-dose resistance training for brief pre-operative windows in geriatric abdominopelvic cancers prehabilitation. J Geriatr Oncol 2022; 13:747-753. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nguyen BL, Yoshihara T, Deminice R, Lawrence J, Ozdemir M, Hyatt H, Powers SK. Alterations in renin-angiotensin receptors are not responsible for exercise preconditioning of skeletal muscle fibers. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 3:148-156. [PMID: 35784524 PMCID: PMC9219300 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance exercise training promotes a protective phenotype in skeletal muscle known as exercise preconditioning. Exercise preconditioning protects muscle fibers against a variety of threats including inactivity-induced muscle atrophy. The mechanism(s) responsible for exercise preconditioning remain unknown and are explored in these experiments. Specifically, we investigated the impact of endurance exercise training on key components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The RAS was targeted because activation of the classical axis of the RAS pathway via angiotensin II type I receptors (AT1Rs) promotes muscle atrophy whereas activation of the non-classical RAS axis via Mas receptors (MasRs) inhibits the atrophic signaling of the classical RAS pathway. Guided by prior studies, we hypothesized that an exercise-induced decrease in AT1Rs and/or increases in MasRs in skeletal muscle fibers is a potential mechanism responsible for exercise preconditioning. Following endurance exercise training in rats, we examined the abundance of AT1Rs and MasRs in both locomotor and respiratory muscles. Our results indicate that endurance exercise training does not alter the protein abundance of AT1Rs or MasRs in muscle fibers from the diaphragm, plantaris, and soleus muscles compared to sedentary controls (p > 0.05). Furthermore, fluorescent angiotensin II (AngII) binding analyses confirm our results that exercise preconditioning does not alter the protein abundance of AT1Rs in the diaphragm, plantaris, and soleus (p > 0.05). This study confirms that exercise-induced changes in RAS receptors are not a key mechanism that contributes to the beneficial effects of exercise preconditioning in skeletal muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branden L. Nguyen
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, Florida, USA
| | - Toshinori Yoshihara
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, Florida, USA
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Rafael Deminice
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, Florida, USA
- Department of Physical Education, University of Estadual of Londrina, Londrina, 10011, Brazil
| | - Jensen Lawrence
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, Florida, USA
| | - Mustafa Ozdemir
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, Florida, USA
| | - Hayden Hyatt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, Florida, USA
| | - Scott K. Powers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, Florida, USA
- Corresponding authors. Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Chemotherapy-Induced Myopathy: The Dark Side of the Cachexia Sphere. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143615. [PMID: 34298829 PMCID: PMC8304349 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In addition to cancer-related factors, anti-cancer chemotherapy treatment can drive life-threatening body wasting in a syndrome known as cachexia. Emerging evidence has described the impact of several key chemotherapeutic agents on skeletal muscle in particular, and the mechanisms are gradually being unravelled. Despite this evidence, there remains very little research regarding therapeutic strategies to protect muscle during anti-cancer treatment and current global grand challenges focused on deciphering the cachexia conundrum fail to consider this aspect—chemotherapy-induced myopathy remains very much on the dark side of the cachexia sphere. This review explores the impact and mechanisms of, and current investigative strategies to protect against, chemotherapy-induced myopathy to illuminate this serious issue. Abstract Cancer cachexia is a debilitating multi-factorial wasting syndrome characterised by severe skeletal muscle wasting and dysfunction (i.e., myopathy). In the oncology setting, cachexia arises from synergistic insults from both cancer–host interactions and chemotherapy-related toxicity. The majority of studies have surrounded the cancer–host interaction side of cancer cachexia, often overlooking the capability of chemotherapy to induce cachectic myopathy. Accumulating evidence in experimental models of cachexia suggests that some chemotherapeutic agents rapidly induce cachectic myopathy, although the underlying mechanisms responsible vary between agents. Importantly, we highlight the capacity of specific chemotherapeutic agents to induce cachectic myopathy, as not all chemotherapies have been evaluated for cachexia-inducing properties—alone or in clinically compatible regimens. Furthermore, we discuss the experimental evidence surrounding therapeutic strategies that have been evaluated in chemotherapy-induced cachexia models, with particular focus on exercise interventions and adjuvant therapeutic candidates targeted at the mitochondria.
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Preferent Diaphragmatic Involvement in TK2 Deficiency: An Autopsy Case Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115598. [PMID: 34070501 PMCID: PMC8199166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Our goal was to analyze postmortem tissues of an adult patient with late-onset thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) deficiency who died of respiratory failure. Compared with control tissues, we found a low mtDNA content in the patient’s skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, small intestine, and particularly in the diaphragm, whereas heart and brain tissue showed normal mtDNA levels. mtDNA deletions were present in skeletal muscle and diaphragm. All tissues showed a low content of OXPHOS subunits, and this was especially evident in diaphragm, which also exhibited an abnormal protein profile, expression of non-muscular β-actin and loss of GAPDH and α-actin. MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated the loss of the enzyme fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, and enrichment for serum albumin in the patient’s diaphragm tissue. The TK2-deficient patient’s diaphragm showed a more profound loss of OXPHOS proteins, with lower levels of catalase, peroxiredoxin 6, cytosolic superoxide dismutase, p62 and the catalytic subunits of proteasome than diaphragms of ventilated controls. Strong overexpression of TK1 was observed in all tissues of the patient with diaphragm showing the highest levels. TK2 deficiency induces a more profound dysfunction of the diaphragm than of other tissues, which manifests as loss of OXPHOS and glycolytic proteins, sarcomeric components, antioxidants and overactivation of the TK1 salvage pathway that is not attributed to mechanical ventilation.
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Montalvo RN, Doerr V, Nguyen BL, Kelley RC, Smuder AJ. Consideration of Sex as a Biological Variable in the Development of Doxorubicin Myotoxicity and the Efficacy of Exercise as a Therapeutic Intervention. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030343. [PMID: 33669040 PMCID: PMC7996538 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline antibiotic used to treat a wide variety of hematological and solid tumor cancers. While DOX is highly effective at reducing tumor burden, its clinical use is limited by the development of adverse effects to both cardiac and skeletal muscle. The detrimental effects of DOX to muscle tissue are associated with the increased incidence of heart failure, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, and reduced quality of life, which have been reported in both patients actively receiving chemotherapy and cancer survivors. A variety of factors elevate the probability of DOX-related morbidity in patients; however, the role of sex as a biological variable to calculate patient risk remains unclear. Uncertainty regarding sexual dimorphism in the presentation of DOX myotoxicity stems from inadequate study design to address this issue. Currently, the majority of clinical data on DOX myotoxicity come from studies where the ratio of males to females is unbalanced, one sex is omitted, and/or the patient cohort include a broad age range. Furthermore, lack of consensus on standard outcome measures, difficulties in long-term evaluation of patient outcomes, and other confounding factors (i.e., cancer type, drug combinations, adjuvant therapies, etc.) preclude a definitive answer as to whether differences exist in the incidence of DOX myotoxicity between sexes. This review summarizes the current clinical and preclinical literature relevant to sex differences in the incidence and severity of DOX myotoxicity, the proposed mechanisms for DOX sexual dimorphism, and the potential for exercise training to serve as an effective therapeutic countermeasure to preserve muscle strength and function in males and females.
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Exercise Reduces the Resumption of Tumor Growth and Proteolytic Pathways in the Skeletal Muscle of Mice Following Chemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113466. [PMID: 33233839 PMCID: PMC7699885 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Doxorubicin is a chemotherapeutic agent that contributes to muscle wasting. Based on the evidence that many cancer variants are associated with cachexia and that cancer patients are usually treated with chemotherapeutic agents, it is important to determine strategies to mitigate muscle atrophy. Muscle loss is a poor prognosis during cancer treatment, and exercise has emerged as a potential strategy utilized in this context. Once an ongoing regimen of chemotherapeutic treatment is not always possible, our results demonstrated that continuity of endurance exercise is a potential strategy that can be adopted when chemotherapy needs to be interrupted, minimizing the resumption of tumor growth and avoiding muscle loss. Abstract The pathogenesis of muscle atrophy plays a central role in cancer cachexia, and chemotherapy contributes to this condition. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of endurance exercise on time-dependent muscle atrophy caused by doxorubicin. For this, C57 BL/6 mice were subcutaneously inoculated with Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC group). One week after the tumor establishment, a group of these animals initiated the doxorubicin chemotherapy alone (LLC + DOX group) or combined with endurance exercise (LLC + DOX + EXER group). One group of animals was euthanized after the chemotherapy cycle, whereas the remaining animals were euthanized one week after the last administration of doxorubicin. The practice of exercise combined with chemotherapy showed beneficial effects such as a decrease in tumor growth rate after chemotherapy interruption and amelioration of premature death due to doxorubicin toxicity. Moreover, the protein degradation levels in mice undergoing exercise returned to basal levels after chemotherapy; in contrast, the mice treated with doxorubicin alone experienced an increase in the mRNA expression levels of the proteolytic pathways in gastrocnemius muscle (Trim63, Fbxo32, Myostatin, FoxO). Collectively, our results suggest that endurance exercise could be utilized during and after chemotherapy for mitigating muscle atrophy promoted by doxorubicin and avoid the resumption of tumor growth.
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Mohammed J, Gonzales A, Bakhsh HR, Rai J, Chigbo N, Hashmi SK. COVID-19: emerging challenges in maintaining physical function in patients who have had haematopoietic cell transplants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERAPY AND REHABILITATION 2020. [DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2020.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which causes COVID-19, has now spread to many countries, has forced health care systems to minimise or even suspend access to specialist services for many patients because of social distancing policies. As a result of this, many patients are not in direct, face-to-face contact with their health care specialist. This can pose a challenge, since patients who have undergone haematopoietic cell transplant can suffer from an array of complications involving various organs in the body, such as inactivity-related deconditioning and fatigue, resulting in poor quality of life. These vulnerable patients must receive continuous and individualised rehabilitation guidance to help prevent deterioration and promote optimal functioning. This paper highlights the potential challenges for patients who have had haematopoietic cell transplant in the circumstances surrounding COVID-19 and proposes service development ideas to help reduce the negative impact on patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaleel Mohammed
- Physical Therapy Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, KSA
- Rehabilitation Association for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Gloucester, UK
| | - Anne Gonzales
- Clinical Therapies, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA
- Rehabilitation Association for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Gloucester, UK
| | - Hadeel R Bakhsh
- Department of Rehabilitation, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, KSA
- Rehabilitation Association for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Gloucester, UK
| | - Jayanti Rai
- Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, Kent, UK
- Rehabilitation Association for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Gloucester, UK
| | - Nnenna Chigbo
- Exercise Immunology/Palliative Care Unit, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Nigeria, Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
- Rehabilitation Association for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Gloucester, UK
| | - Shahrukh K Hashmi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
- Rehabilitation Association for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Gloucester, UK
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Hyatt HW, Powers SK. The Role of Calpains in Skeletal Muscle Remodeling with Exercise and Inactivity-induced Atrophy. Int J Sports Med 2020; 41:994-1008. [PMID: 32679598 DOI: 10.1055/a-1199-7662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Calpains are cysteine proteases expressed in skeletal muscle fibers and other cells. Although calpain was first reported to act as a kinase activating factor in skeletal muscle, the consensus is now that calpains play a canonical role in protein turnover. However, recent evidence reveals new and exciting roles for calpains in skeletal muscle. This review will discuss the functions of calpains in skeletal muscle remodeling in response to both exercise and inactivity-induced muscle atrophy. Calpains participate in protein turnover and muscle remodeling by selectively cleaving target proteins and creating fragmented proteins that can be further degraded by other proteolytic systems. Nonetheless, an often overlooked function of calpains is that calpain-mediated cleavage of proteins can result in fragmented proteins that are biologically active and have the potential to actively influence cell signaling. In this manner, calpains function beyond their roles in protein turnover and influence downstream signaling effects. This review will highlight both the canonical and noncanonical roles that calpains play in skeletal muscle remodeling including sarcomere transformation, membrane repair, triad junction formation, regulation of excitation-contraction coupling, protein turnover, cell signaling, and mitochondrial function. We conclude with a discussion of key unanswered questions regarding the roles that calpains play in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden W Hyatt
- Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Scott K Powers
- Applied Physiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
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Effects of high intensity interval training (up & downward running) with BCAA/nano chitosan on Foxo3 and SMAD soleus muscles of aging rat. Life Sci 2020; 252:117641. [PMID: 32272182 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was investigate the effects of 8 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT, up & downward running) with BCAA/nano chitosan on Foxo3 and SMAD soleus muscles of aging rats. MAIN METHODS In this experimental study thirty male rats were randomly divided into six groups of control, BCAA with Nano chitosan (Supplement, (Sup)), upslope running, downslope running, upslope running+Sup, and downslope running+Sup that each groups consist of 6 rats. The exercise training was performed HIIT 8 weeks 3 session per weeks with incrementally intensity 12 to 52 m/m in 7sets (Slop 0 to 15o) during 8 weeks. BCAA coated with chitosan nanoparticles (84 mg/kg) and gavage to supplementation groups, 3 days per weeks for eight weeks. The animals were feed with standard rat chow (Normal diet, 2.87 kcal/g, 15% of energy from fat). At the end of protocol the rat was sacrifice and soleus muscle was fix and frieze for IHC with H&E and gene expression analysis. KEY FINDINGS The results of this study showed that Foxo3 gene expression in the Upslope running + Sup and Downslope running + Sup groups showed a significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) compared to the control group. The mRNA of Smad also showed that only the Upslope running + Sup group had a significant decrease compared to the control group (p ≤ 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE It seems that, BCAA/nano chitosan supplementation along with exercise training in a variety of ways (Up & down slope running) can control the damage caused by Foxo3 and Smad transcription factors. That, control of these factors can minimize age-related atrophy.
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Kwon I. Protective effects of endurance exercise on skeletal muscle remodeling against doxorubicin-induced myotoxicity in mice. Phys Act Nutr 2020; 24:11-21. [PMID: 32698257 PMCID: PMC7451836 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2020.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent anti-cancer drug that appears to have severe myotoxicity due to accumulation. The skeletal muscle has a regeneration capacity through satellite cell activation when exposed to extracellular stimulus or damage. Endurance exercise (EXE) is a therapeutic strategy that improves pathological features and contributes to muscle homeostasis. Thus, this study investigated the effect of EXE training in mitigating chronic DOX-induced myotoxicity. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were housed and allowed to acclimatize with free access to food and water. All the mice were randomly divided into four groups: sedentary control (CON, n=9), exercise training (EXE, n=9), doxorubicin treatment (DOX, n=9), doxorubicin treatment and exercise training (DOX+EXE, n=9) groups. The animals were intraperitoneally injected with 5 mg/kg/week of DOX treatment for 4 weeks, and EXE training was initiated for treadmill adaptation for 1 week and then performed for 4 weeks. Both sides of the soleus (SOL) muscle tissues were dissected and weighed after 24 hours of the last training sessions. RESULTS DOX chemotherapy induced an abnormal myofiber's phenotype and transition of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms. The paired box 7 (PAX7) and myoblast determination protein 1 (MYOD) protein levels were triggered by DOX, while no alterations were shown for the myogenin (MYOG). DOX remarkably impaired the a-actinin (ACTN) protein, but the EXE training seems to repair it. DOX-induced myotoxicity stimulated the expression of the forkhead box O3 (FOXO3a) protein, which was accurately controlled and adjusted by the EXE training. However, the FOXO3a-mediated downstream markers were not associated with DOX and EXE. CONCLUSION EXE postconditioning provides protective effects against chronic DOX-induced myotoxicity, and should be recommended to alleviate cancer chemotherapy-induced late-onset myotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insu Kwon
- Research Institute of Sports Science and Industry, Hanyang University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
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Hiensch AE, Bolam KA, Mijwel S, Jeneson JAL, Huitema ADR, Kranenburg O, Wall E, Rundqvist H, Wengstrom Y, May AM. Doxorubicin-induced skeletal muscle atrophy: Elucidating the underlying molecular pathways. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13400. [PMID: 31600860 PMCID: PMC7317437 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aim Loss of skeletal muscle mass is a common clinical finding in cancer patients. The purpose of this meta‐analysis and systematic review was to quantify the effect of doxorubicin on skeletal muscle and report on the proposed molecular pathways possibly leading to doxorubicin‐induced muscle atrophy in both human and animal models. Methods A systematic search of the literature was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and CENTRAL databases. The internal validity of included studies was assessed using SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool. Results Twenty eligible articles were identified. No human studies were identified as being eligible for inclusion. Doxorubicin significantly reduced skeletal muscle weight (ie EDL, TA, gastrocnemius and soleus) by 14% (95% CI: 9.9; 19.3) and muscle fibre cross‐sectional area by 17% (95% CI: 9.0; 26.0) when compared to vehicle controls. Parallel to negative changes in muscle mass, muscle strength was even more decreased in response to doxorubicin administration. This review suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in doxorubicin‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy. The increased production of ROS plays a key role within this process. Furthermore, doxorubicin activated all major proteolytic systems (ie calpains, the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway and autophagy) in the skeletal muscle. Although each of these proteolytic pathways contributes to doxorubicin‐induced muscle atrophy, the activation of the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway is hypothesized to play a key role. Finally, a limited number of studies found that doxorubicin decreases protein synthesis by a disruption in the insulin signalling pathway. Conclusion The results of the meta‐analysis show that doxorubicin induces skeletal muscle atrophy in preclinical models. This effect may be explained by various interacting molecular pathways. Results from preclinical studies provide a robust setting to investigate a possible dose‐response, separate the effects of doxorubicin from tumour‐induced atrophy and to examine underlying molecular pathways. More research is needed to confirm the proposed signalling pathways in humans, paving the way for potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk E. Hiensch
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Kate A. Bolam
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Sara Mijwel
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jeroen A. L. Jeneson
- Neuroimaging Centre Division of Neuroscience University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology Academic Medical Center Amsterdam University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Alwin D. R. Huitema
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology The Netherlands Cancer Institute‐Antoni van Leeuwenhoek and MC Slotervaart Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy University Medical Center Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Onno Kranenburg
- UMC Utrecht Cancer Center University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Elsken Wall
- Department of Medical Oncology University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Helene Rundqvist
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Yvönne Wengstrom
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Theme Cancer Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anne M. May
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
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Powers SK, Bomkamp M, Ozdemir M, Hyatt H. Mechanisms of exercise-induced preconditioning in skeletal muscles. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101462. [PMID: 32089451 PMCID: PMC7284917 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance exercise training promotes numerous biochemical adaptations within skeletal muscle fibers culminating into a phenotype that is safeguarded against numerous perils including doxorubicin-induced myopathy and inactivity-induced muscle atrophy. This exercise-induced protection of skeletal muscle fibers is commonly termed "exercise preconditioning". This review will discuss the biochemical mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced protection of skeletal muscle fibers against these harmful events. The first segment of this report highlights the evidence that endurance exercise training provides cytoprotection to skeletal muscle fibers against several potentially damaging insults. The second and third sections of the review will discuss the cellular adaptations responsible for exercise-induced protection of skeletal muscle fibers against doxorubicin-provoked damage and inactivity-induced fiber atrophy, respectively. Importantly, we also identify gaps in our understanding of exercise preconditioning in hopes of stimulating future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Powers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Matthew Bomkamp
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Mustafa Ozdemir
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Hayden Hyatt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Guigni BA, Fix DK, Bivona JJ, Palmer BM, Carson JA, Toth MJ. Electrical stimulation prevents doxorubicin-induced atrophy and mitochondrial loss in cultured myotubes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C1213-C1228. [PMID: 31532714 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00148.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Muscle contraction may protect against the effects of chemotherapy to cause skeletal muscle atrophy, but the mechanisms underlying these benefits are unclear. To address this question, we utilized in vitro modeling of contraction and mechanotransduction in C2C12 myotubes treated with doxorubicin (DOX; 0.2 μM for 3 days). Myotubes expressed contractile proteins and organized these into functional myofilaments, as electrical field stimulation (STIM) induced intracellular calcium (Ca2+) transients and contractions, both of which were prevented by inhibition of membrane depolarization. DOX treatment reduced myotube myosin content, protein synthesis, and Akt (S308) and forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a; S253) phosphorylation and increased muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1) expression. STIM (1 h/day) prevented DOX-induced reductions in myotube myosin content and Akt and FoxO3a phosphorylation, as well as increases in MuRF1 expression, but did not prevent DOX-induced reductions in protein synthesis. Inhibition of myosin-actin interaction during STIM prevented contraction and the antiatrophic effects of STIM without affecting Ca2+ cycling, suggesting that the beneficial effect of STIM derives from mechanotransductive pathways. Further supporting this conclusion, mechanical stretch of myotubes recapitulated the effects of STIM to prevent DOX suppression of FoxO3a phosphorylation and upregulation of MuRF1. DOX also increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which led to a decrease in mitochondrial content. Although STIM did not alter DOX-induced ROS production, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α and antioxidant enzyme expression were upregulated, and mitochondrial loss was prevented. Our results suggest that the activation of mechanotransductive pathways that downregulate proteolysis and preserve mitochondrial content protects against the atrophic effects of chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blas A Guigni
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Dennis K Fix
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Joseph J Bivona
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Bradley M Palmer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - James A Carson
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.,Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Michael J Toth
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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