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Hu T, Mu C, Li Y, Hao W, Yu X, Wang Y, Han W, Li Q. GPS2 ameliorates cigarette smoking-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling by modulating the ras-Raf-ERK axis. Respir Res 2024; 25:210. [PMID: 38755610 PMCID: PMC11100185 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)signaling-mediated smoking-associated pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of group 3 pulmonary hypertension (PH). And G protein pathway suppressor 2 (GPS2) could suppress G-protein signaling such as Ras and MAPK, but its role in cigarette smoking -induced PVR (CS-PVR) is unclear. METHODS An in vivo model of smoke-exposed rats was constructed to assess the role of GPS2 in smoking-induced PH and PVR. In vitro, the effects of GPS2 overexpression and silencing on the function of human pulmonary arterial smooth cells (HPASMCs) and the underlying mechanisms were explored. RESULTS GPS2 expression was downregulated in rat pulmonary arteries (PAs) and HPASMCs after CS exposure. More importantly, CS-exposed rats with GPS2 overexpression had lower right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI), and wall thickness (WT%) than those without. And enhanced proliferation and migration of HPASMCs induced by cigarette smoking extract (CSE) can be evidently inhibited by overexpressed GPS2. Besides, GPS2siRNA significantly enhanced the proliferation, and migration of HPASMCs as well as activated Ras and Raf/ERK signaling, while these effects were inhibited by zoledronic acid (ZOL). In addition, GPS2 promoter methylation level in rat PAs and HPASMCs was increased after CS exposure, and 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-aza) inhibited CSE-induced GPS2 hypermethylation and downregulation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS GPS2 overexpression could improve the CS-PVR, suggesting that GPS2 might serve as a novel therapeutic target for PH-COPD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Lab of Common Diseases, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chaohui Mu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Lab of Common Diseases, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yanmiao Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Lab of Common Diseases, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wanming Hao
- Qingdao Key Lab of Common Diseases, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xinjuan Yu
- Qingdao Key Lab of Common Diseases, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Qingdao Key Lab of Common Diseases, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wei Han
- Qingdao Key Lab of Common Diseases, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Qinghai Li
- Qingdao Key Lab of Common Diseases, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Cordery S, Thompson K, Stevenson M, Simms L, Chapman F, Grandolfo E, Malt L, Weaver S, Fearon IM, Nahde T. The Product Science of Electrically Heated Tobacco Products: An Updated Narrative Review of the Scientific Literature. Cureus 2024; 16:e61223. [PMID: 38939262 PMCID: PMC11209752 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Heated tobacco products represent a novel category of tobacco products in which a tobacco consumable is heated to a temperature that releases nicotine from the tobacco leaf but not to a temperature sufficient to cause combustion. Heated tobacco products may therefore have the potential to be a less harmful alternative for adult smokers who would otherwise continue to smoke cigarettes, as their use should result in exposure to substantially fewer and lower levels of toxicants. This update represents a two-year extension to our previous narrative review, which covered peer-reviewed journal articles published up to August 31, 2021. The scientific evidence published between 2021 and 2023 continues to indicate that aerosols produced from heated tobacco products contain fewer and substantially lower levels of harmful and potentially harmful constituents and that these observed reductions consistently translate to reduced biological effects in both in vitro and in vivo toxicological studies. Biomarker and clinical data from studies in which product use is controlled within a clinical setting continue to suggest changes in levels of biomarkers of exposure, biomarkers of potential harm, and clinical endpoints indicating the potential for reduced harm with switching to exclusive use of heated tobacco products in adult smokers. Overall, the available peer-reviewed scientific evidence continues to indicate that heated tobacco products offer promise as a potentially less harmful alternative to cigarettes, and as such, the conclusions of our original narrative review remain valid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cordery
- Group Science and Regulatory Affairs, Imperial Brands Plc., Bristol, GBR
| | - Keith Thompson
- Independent Scientific Consultant, Elucid8 Holdings Ltd., Coleraine, GBR
| | - Matthew Stevenson
- Group Science and Regulatory Affairs, Imperial Brands Plc., Bristol, GBR
| | - Liam Simms
- Group Science and Regulatory Affairs, Imperial Brands Plc., Bristol, GBR
| | - Fiona Chapman
- Group Science and Regulatory Affairs, Imperial Brands Plc., Bristol, GBR
| | - Erika Grandolfo
- Group Science and Regulatory Affairs, Imperial Brands Plc., Bristol, GBR
| | - Layla Malt
- Group Science and Regulatory Affairs, Imperial Brands Plc., Bristol, GBR
| | - Sarah Weaver
- Group Science and Regulatory Affairs, Imperial Brands Plc., Bristol, GBR
| | - Ian M Fearon
- Scientific Research, whatIF? Consulting Ltd., Harwell, GBR
| | - Thomas Nahde
- Group Science and Regulatory Affairs, Imperial Brands Reemtsma, Hamburg, DEU
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Vámos O, Kulcsár N, Mikecs B, Kelemen K, Kaán R, Abafalvi L, Dinya E, Vág J, Hermann P, Kispélyi B. Acute effects of traditional and electronic cigarettes on palatal blood flow in smokers: A cross-over pilot study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2024; 14:152-157. [PMID: 38333089 PMCID: PMC10850968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking is a significant health hazard and contributes to cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. It can increase postoperative complications during oral and maxillofacial surgery due to its topical effect on the oral mucosa. New alternatives to traditional tobacco products are gaining popularity, in particular, electronic cigarettes. Objectives This pilot study investigated the acute effects of nicotine-containing and nicotine-free electronic cigarettes on palatal blood flow (PBF), and compared their effects to traditional cigarettes. Materials and methods 14 medically healthy volunteers (8 males, 6 females, age: 34.7 ± 7.0) were recruited for the study. All patients (N = 14) were requested to smoke nicotine-containing (ECN) and nicotine-free electronic cigarettes (EC0) and a mouthpiece (end of a traditional cigarette) as a control sham smoking blind test (BT). EC users did not smoke a traditional cigarette (TC), resulting in 10 people in the TC group. Palatal blood flow was measured by Laser Speckle Contrast Imager before, immediately after, and 15 min after the exposures. Exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) were measured before and immediately after smoking with a piCO+ Smokerlyzer machine. Results In all groups, no significant differences were observed in the changes of palatal blood flow between time points. Exhaled carbon monoxide and carboxyhemoglobin were significantly higher in the traditional cigarette (TC) group compared to the nicotine-containing electronic cigarette (ECN) and nicotine-free electronic cigarette (EC0) groups, both before and after the exposure (p < 0.05). Conclusion Acute use of either traditional or electronic cigarettes may have minimal impact on palatal blood flow, but additional studies are required to clarify their impact on the mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Vámos
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 47, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Norbert Kulcsár
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 47, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Barbara Mikecs
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 47, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Kata Kelemen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 47, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Réka Kaán
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lilla Abafalvi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 47, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Elek Dinya
- Institute of Digital Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Services, Semmelweis University, Üllői Road 26, Budapest, H-1085, Hungary
| | - János Vág
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 47, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Péter Hermann
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 47, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Barbara Kispélyi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 47, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
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Yao PC, Fei ZT, Chen M, Mo BF, Zhang R, Yang YL, Sun J, Wang QS, Li YG. Incidence, impact and predictors of residual device patency after left atrial appendage closure with the LACbes device. Int J Cardiol 2024; 397:131640. [PMID: 38065326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The residual device patency (RDP) after left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) with the LACbes device has not been specifically explored in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. This study aims to explore the incidence, impact and predictors of RDP detected by cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) post LAAC. METHODS AF patients implanted with the LACbes device were prospectively enrolled. CCTA device surveillance was performed at 3 months post-procedure. Major adverse events (MAEs), including stroke/transient ischemic attack, major bleeding and all-cause death, were evaluated. RESULTS Among 141 patients with CCTA surveillance, 56 (39.7%) showed no visible leak and 85 (60.3%) showed RDP. During the median follow-up of 443 [232, 706] days, the presence of RDP was not associated with an increased risk of MAEs (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 4.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.49-34.24, p = 0.196), while peri-device leak (PDL) at the lobe was associated with heightened risks of MAEs (adjusted HR: 6.85, 95% CI: 1.62-28.89, p = 0.009). In patients with PDL at the lobe, antiplatelet after 6 months (HR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05-0.91, p = 0.038) was independent protective predictor of MAEs. Besides, current smoking (odds ratio [OR]: 7.52, 95% CI: 2.68-21.08, p < 0.001) and maximum diameter of LAA orifice (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.00-1.34, p = 0.048) were independent predictors of PDL at the lobe. CONCLUSIONS Presence of PDL at the device lobe detected by CCTA at 3-month post LAAC with LACbes is associated with unfavorable prognosis in AF patients. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03788941.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Tao Fei
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin-Feng Mo
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Li Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun-Shan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Gang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Guo J, Ning Y, Pan D, Wu S, Gao X, Wang C, Guo L, Gu Y. Identification of potential hub genes and regulatory networks of smoking-related endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis using bioinformatics analysis. Technol Health Care 2024; 32:1781-1794. [PMID: 38073349 DOI: 10.3233/thc-230796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction, the earliest stage of atherosclerosis, can be caused by smoking, but its molecular mechanism requires further investigation. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to use bioinformatics analysis to identify potential mechanisms involved in smoking-related atherosclerotic endothelial dysfunction. METHODS The transcriptome data used for this bioinformatics analysis were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The GSE137578 and GSE141136 datasets were used to identify common differentially expressed genes (co-DEGs) in endothelial cells treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and tobacco. The co-DEGs were annotated using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics (KEGG) databases. Additionally, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to visualize their interactions and screen for hub genes. GSE120521 dataset was used to verify the expression of hub genes in unstable plaques. The miRNA expression profile GSE137580 and online databases (starBase 2.0, TargetScan 8.0 and DGIdb v4.2.0) were used to predict the related non-coding RNAs and drugs. RESULTS A total of 232 co-DEGs were identified, including 113 up-regulated genes and 119 down-regulated genes. These DEGs were primarily enriched in detrimental autophagy, cell death, transcription factors, and cytokines, and were implicated in ferroptosis, abnormal lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress pathways. Ten hub genes were screened from the constructed PPI network, including up-regulated genes such as FOS, HMOX1, SQSTM1, PTGS2, ATF3, DDIT3, and down-regulated genes MCM4, KIF15, UHRF1, and CCL2. Importantly, HMOX1 was further up-regulated in unstable plaques (p= 0.034). Finally, a regulatory network involving lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-hub genes and drug-hub genes was established. CONCLUSION Atherosclerotic endothelial dysfunction is associated with smoking-induced injury. Through bioinformatics analysis, we identified potential mechanisms and provided potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julong Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yachan Ning
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dikang Pan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sensen Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xixiang Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lianrui Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongquan Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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6
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Morawietz H. Smoke on the blood stream: novel insights in cigarette smoke-induced atherosclerosis and plaque erosion. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1781-1783. [PMID: 37392427 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
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