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He M, Qin CX, Wang X, Ding NZ. Plant Unsaturated Fatty Acids: Biosynthesis and Regulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:390. [PMID: 32425958 PMCID: PMC7212373 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In most plants, major unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) are three C18 species, namely, oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2), and α-linolenic (18:3) acids. These simple compounds play multiple crucial roles in planta and are also important economic traits of oil crops. The enzymatic steps of C18 UFA biosynthesis have been well established. However, the associated FA/lipid trafficking between the plastid and the endoplasmic reticulum remains largely unclear, as does the regulation of the expression and activities of the involved enzymes. In this review, we will revisit the biosynthesis of C18 UFAs with an emphasis on the trafficking, and present an overview of the key enzymes and their regulation. Of particular interest is the emerging regulatory network composed of transcriptional factors and upstream signaling pathways. The review thereby provides the promise of using physical, biochemical and/or genetic means to manipulate FA composition and increase oil yield in crop improvement.
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Pittera J, Jouhet J, Breton S, Garczarek L, Partensky F, Maréchal É, Nguyen NA, Doré H, Ratin M, Pitt FD, Scanlan DJ, Six C. Thermoacclimation and genome adaptation of the membrane lipidome in marine Synechococcus. Environ Microbiol 2017; 20:612-631. [PMID: 29124854 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The marine cyanobacteria of the genus Synechococcus are important primary producers, displaying a wide latitudinal distribution that is underpinned by diversification into temperature ecotypes. The physiological basis underlying these ecotypes is poorly known. In many organisms, regulation of membrane fluidity is crucial for acclimating to variations in temperature. Here, we reveal the detailed composition of the membrane lipidome of the model strain Synechococcus sp. WH7803 and its response to temperature variation. Unlike freshwater strains, membranes are almost devoid of C18, mainly containing C14 and C16 chains with no more than two unsaturations. In response to cold, we observed a rarely observed process of acyl chain shortening that likely induces membrane thinning, along with specific desaturation activities. Both of these mechanisms likely regulate membrane fluidity, facilitating the maintenance of efficient photosynthetic activity. A comprehensive examination of 53 Synechococcus genomes revealed clade-specific gene sets regulating membrane lipids. In particular, the genes encoding desaturase enzymes, which is a key to the temperature stress response, appeared to be temperature ecotype-specific, with some of them originating from lateral transfers. Our study suggests that regulation of membrane fluidity has been among the important adaptation processes for the colonization of different thermal niches by marine Synechococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Pittera
- Marine Phototrophic Prokaryotes group, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre and Marie Curie (Paris 06) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144, 29688 Roscoff cedex, CS 90074, France
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble, CEA Grenoble, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Solène Breton
- Marine Phototrophic Prokaryotes group, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre and Marie Curie (Paris 06) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144, 29688 Roscoff cedex, CS 90074, France
| | - Laurence Garczarek
- Marine Phototrophic Prokaryotes group, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre and Marie Curie (Paris 06) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144, 29688 Roscoff cedex, CS 90074, France
| | - Frédéric Partensky
- Marine Phototrophic Prokaryotes group, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre and Marie Curie (Paris 06) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144, 29688 Roscoff cedex, CS 90074, France
| | - Éric Maréchal
- Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble, CEA Grenoble, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38054 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Ngoc A Nguyen
- Marine Phototrophic Prokaryotes group, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre and Marie Curie (Paris 06) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144, 29688 Roscoff cedex, CS 90074, France
| | - Hugo Doré
- Marine Phototrophic Prokaryotes group, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre and Marie Curie (Paris 06) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144, 29688 Roscoff cedex, CS 90074, France
| | - Morgane Ratin
- Marine Phototrophic Prokaryotes group, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre and Marie Curie (Paris 06) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144, 29688 Roscoff cedex, CS 90074, France
| | - Frances D Pitt
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - David J Scanlan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Christophe Six
- Marine Phototrophic Prokaryotes group, Station Biologique, Place Georges Teissier, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre and Marie Curie (Paris 06) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7144, 29688 Roscoff cedex, CS 90074, France
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Yang T, Xu R, Chen J, Liu A. β-Ketoacyl-acyl Carrier Protein Synthase I (KASI) Plays Crucial Roles in the Plant Growth and Fatty Acids Synthesis in Tobacco. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1287. [PMID: 27509494 PMCID: PMC5000684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids serve many functions in plants, but the effects of some key genes involved in fatty acids biosynthesis on plants growth and development are not well understood yet. To understand the functions of 3-ketoacyl-acyl-carrier protein synthase I (KASI) in tobacco, we isolated two KASI homologs, which we have designated NtKASI-1 and NtKASI-2. Expression analysis showed that these two KASI genes were transcribed constitutively in all tissues examined. Over-expression of NtKASI-1 in tobacco changed the fatty acid content in leaves, whereas over-expressed lines of NtKASI-2 exhibited distinct phenotypic features such as slightly variegated leaves and reduction of the fatty acid content in leaves, similar to the silencing plants of NtKASI-1 gene. Interestingly, the silencing of NtKASI-2 gene had no discernibly altered phenotypes compared to wild type. The double silencing plants of these two genes enhanced the phenotypic changes during vegetative and reproductive growth compared to wild type. These results uncovered that these two KASI genes had the partially functional redundancy, and that the KASI genes played a key role in regulating fatty acids synthesis and in mediating plant growth and development in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianquan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuefu Road 88, Kunming 650223, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ronghua Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China.
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuefu Road 88, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanhei Road 132, Kunming 650201, China.
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