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Seregin IV, Kozhevnikova AD. Phytochelatins: Sulfur-Containing Metal(loid)-Chelating Ligands in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2430. [PMID: 36768751 PMCID: PMC9917255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochelatins (PCs) are small cysteine-rich peptides capable of binding metal(loid)s via SH-groups. Although the biosynthesis of PCs can be induced in vivo by various metal(loid)s, PCs are mainly involved in the detoxification of cadmium and arsenic (III), as well as mercury, zinc, lead, and copper ions, which have high affinities for S-containing ligands. The present review provides a comprehensive account of the recent data on PC biosynthesis, structure, and role in metal(loid) transport and sequestration in the vacuoles of plant cells. A comparative analysis of PC accumulation in hyperaccumulator plants, which accumulate metal(loid)s in their shoots, and in the excluders, which accumulate metal(loid)s in their roots, investigates the question of whether the endogenous PC concentration determines a plant's tolerance to metal(loid)s. Summarizing the available data, it can be concluded that PCs are not involved in metal(loid) hyperaccumulation machinery, though they play a key role in metal(loid) homeostasis. Unraveling the physiological role of metal(loid)-binding ligands is a fundamental problem of modern molecular biology, plant physiology, ionomics, and toxicology, and is important for the development of technologies used in phytoremediation, biofortification, and phytomining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V. Seregin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St., 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia
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2
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Díaz S, Aguilera Á, de Figueras CG, de Francisco P, Olsson S, Puente-Sánchez F, González-Pastor JE. Heterologous Expression of the Phytochelatin Synthase CaPCS2 from Chlamydomonas acidophila and Its Effect on Different Stress Factors in Escherichia coli. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137692. [PMID: 35805349 PMCID: PMC9265389 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Phytochelatins (PCs) are cysteine-rich small peptides, enzymatically synthesized from reduced glutathione (GSH) by cytosolic enzyme phytochelatin synthase (PCS). The open reading frame (ORF) of the phytochelatin synthase CaPCS2 gene from the microalgae Chlamydomonas acidophila was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli strain DH5α, to analyze its role in protection against various abiotic agents that cause cellular stress. The transformed E. coli strain showed increased tolerance to exposure to different heavy metals (HMs) and arsenic (As), as well as to acidic pH and exposure to UVB, salt, or perchlorate. In addition to metal detoxification activity, new functions have also been reported for PCS and PCs. According to the results obtained in this work, the heterologous expression of CaPCS2 in E. coli provides protection against oxidative stress produced by metals and exposure to different ROS-inducing agents. However, the function of this PCS is not related to HM bioaccumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Díaz
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, C. José Antonio Novais, 12, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Ángeles Aguilera
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Carretera de Ajalvir, km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain; (Á.A.); (C.G.d.F.); (P.d.F.); (J.E.G.-P.)
| | - Carolina G. de Figueras
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Carretera de Ajalvir, km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain; (Á.A.); (C.G.d.F.); (P.d.F.); (J.E.G.-P.)
| | - Patricia de Francisco
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Carretera de Ajalvir, km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain; (Á.A.); (C.G.d.F.); (P.d.F.); (J.E.G.-P.)
| | - Sanna Olsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, Forest Research Centre (INIA, CSIC), Carretera de La Coruña, km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Fernando Puente-Sánchez
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 756 51 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - José Eduardo González-Pastor
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Carretera de Ajalvir, km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain; (Á.A.); (C.G.d.F.); (P.d.F.); (J.E.G.-P.)
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3
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Seregin IV, Kozhevnikova AD. Low-molecular-weight ligands in plants: role in metal homeostasis and hyperaccumulation. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 150:51-96. [PMID: 32653983 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mineral nutrition is one of the key factors determining plant productivity. In plants, metal homeostasis is achieved through the functioning of a complex system governing metal uptake, translocation, distribution, and sequestration, leading to the maintenance of a regulated delivery of micronutrients to metal-requiring processes as well as detoxification of excess or non-essential metals. Low-molecular-weight ligands, such as nicotianamine, histidine, phytochelatins, phytosiderophores, and organic acids, play an important role in metal transport and detoxification in plants. Nicotianamine and histidine are also involved in metal hyperaccumulation, which determines the ability of some plant species to accumulate a large amount of metals in their shoots. In this review we extensively summarize and discuss the current knowledge of the main pathways for the biosynthesis of these ligands, their involvement in metal uptake, radial and long-distance transport, as well as metal influx, isolation and sequestration in plant tissues and cell compartments. It is analyzed how diverse endogenous ligand levels in plants can determine their different tolerance to metal toxic effects. This review focuses on recent advances in understanding the physiological role of these compounds in metal homeostasis, which is an essential task of modern ionomics and plant physiology. It is of key importance in studying the influence of metal deficiency or excess on various physiological processes, which is a prerequisite to the improvement of micronutrient uptake efficiency and crop productivity and to the development of a variety of applications in phytoremediation, phytomining, biofortification, and nutritional crop safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Seregin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPPRAS, Botanicheskaya st., 35, Moscow, Russian Federation, 127276.
| | - A D Kozhevnikova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPPRAS, Botanicheskaya st., 35, Moscow, Russian Federation, 127276
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4
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Corso M, García de la Torre VS. Biomolecular approaches to understanding metal tolerance and hyperaccumulation in plants. Metallomics 2020; 12:840-859. [DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00043d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Trace metal elements are essential for plant growth but become toxic at high concentrations, while some non-essential elements, such as Cd and As, show toxicity even in traces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Corso
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin
- Université Paris-Saclay
- INRAE
- AgroParisTech
- 78000 Versailles
| | - Vanesa S. García de la Torre
- Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology
- Ruhr University Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
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5
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Li M, Stragliati L, Bellini E, Ricci A, Saba A, Sanità di Toppi L, Varotto C. Evolution and functional differentiation of recently diverged phytochelatin synthase genes from Arundo donax L. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:5391-5405. [PMID: 31145784 PMCID: PMC6793451 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Phytochelatin synthases (PCSs) play pivotal roles in the detoxification of heavy metals and metalloids in plants; however, little information on the evolution of recently duplicated PCS genes in plant species is available. Here we characterize the evolution and functional differentiation of three PCS genes from the giant reed (Arundo donax L.), a biomass/bioenergy crop with remarkable resistance to cadmium and other heavy metals. Phylogenetic reconstruction with PCS genes from fully sequenced monocotyledonous genomes indicated that the three A. donax PCSs, namely AdPCS1-3, form a monophyletic clade. The AdPCS1-3 genes were expressed at low levels in many A. donax organs and displayed different levels of cadmium-responsive expression in roots. Overexpression of AdPCS1-3 in Arabidopsis thaliana and yeast reproduced the phenotype of functional PCS genes. Mass spectrometry analyses confirmed that AdPCS1-3 are all functional enzymes, but with significant differences in the amount of the phytochelatins synthesized. Moreover, heterogeneous evolutionary rates characterized the AdPCS1-3 genes, indicative of relaxed natural selection. These results highlight the elevated functional differentiation of A. donax PCS genes from both a transcriptional and an enzymatic point of view, providing evidence of the high evolvability of PCS genes and of plant responsiveness to heavy metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingai Li
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige (TN) , Italy
| | - Luca Stragliati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, Parma, Italy
| | - Erika Bellini
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ada Ricci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Saba
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell’Area Critica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Varotto
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige (TN) , Italy
- Correspondence: or
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6
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Filiz E, Saracoglu IA, Ozyigit II, Yalcin B. Comparative analyses of phytochelatin synthase (PCS) genes in higher plants. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2018.1559096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ertugrul Filiz
- Department of Crop and Animal Production, Cilimli Vocational School, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | | | - Ibrahim Ilker Ozyigit
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Bahattin Yalcin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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7
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Ahmadi H, Corso M, Weber M, Verbruggen N, Clemens S. CAX1 suppresses Cd-induced generation of reactive oxygen species in Arabidopsis halleri. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:2435-2448. [PMID: 29879753 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The molecular analysis of metal hyperaccumulation in species such as Arabidopsis halleri offers the chance to gain insights into metal homeostasis and into the evolution of adaptation to extreme habitats. A prerequisite of metal hyperaccumulation is metal hypertolerance. Genetic analysis of a backcross population derived from Arabidopsis lyrata × A. halleri crosses revealed three quantitative trait loci for Cd hypertolerance. A candidate gene for Cdtol2 is AhCAX1, encoding a vacuolar Ca2+ /H+ antiporter. We developed a method for the transformation of vegetatively propagated A. halleri plants and generated AhCAX1-silenced lines. Upon Cd2+ exposure, several-fold higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detectable in roots of AhCAX1-silenced plants. In accordance with the dependence of Cdtol2 on external Ca2+ concentration, this phenotype was exclusively observed in low Ca2+ conditions. The effects of external Ca2+ on Cd accumulation cannot explain the phenotype as they were not influenced by the genotype. Our data strongly support the hypothesis that higher expression of CAX1 in A. halleri relative to other Arabidopsis species represents a Cd hypertolerance factor. We propose a function of AhCAX1 in preventing a positive feedback loop of Cd-elicited ROS production triggering further Ca2+ -dependent ROS accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ahmadi
- University of Bayreuth, Department of Plant Physiology, and Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Massimiliano Corso
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael Weber
- University of Bayreuth, Department of Plant Physiology, and Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Nathalie Verbruggen
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stephan Clemens
- University of Bayreuth, Department of Plant Physiology, and Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, Bayreuth, Germany
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8
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Schvartzman MS, Corso M, Fataftah N, Scheepers M, Nouet C, Bosman B, Carnol M, Motte P, Verbruggen N, Hanikenne M. Adaptation to high zinc depends on distinct mechanisms in metallicolous populations of Arabidopsis halleri. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:269-282. [PMID: 29292833 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) hyperaccumulation and hypertolerance are highly variable traits in Arabidopsis halleri. Metallicolous populations have evolved from nearby nonmetallicolous populations in multiple independent adaptation events. To determine whether these events resulted in similar or divergent adaptive strategies to high soil Zn concentrations, we compared two A. halleri metallicolous populations from distant genetic units in Europe (Poland (PL22) and Italy (I16)). The ionomic (Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES)) and transcriptomic (RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq)) responses to growth at 5 and 150 μM Zn were analyzed in root and shoot tissues to examine the contribution of the geographic origin and treatment to variation among populations. These analyses were enabled by the generation of a reference A. halleri transcriptome assembly. The genetic unit accounted for the largest variation in the gene expression profile, whereas the two populations had contrasting Zn accumulation phenotypes and shared little common response to the Zn treatment. The PL22 population displayed an iron deficiency response at high Zn in roots and shoots, which may account for higher Zn accumulation. By contrast, I16, originating from a highly Zn-contaminated soil, strongly responded to control conditions. Our data suggest that distinct mechanisms support adaptation to high Zn in soils among A. halleri metallicolous populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sol Schvartzman
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Massimiliano Corso
- Physiology and Plant Molecular Genetics, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Nazeer Fataftah
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Maxime Scheepers
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Cécile Nouet
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Bernard Bosman
- Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolution, University of Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Monique Carnol
- Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolution, University of Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Patrick Motte
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Verbruggen
- Physiology and Plant Molecular Genetics, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Marc Hanikenne
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
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9
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Endoplasmic reticulum-localized CCX2 is required for osmotolerance by regulating ER and cytosolic Ca 2+ dynamics in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:3966-3971. [PMID: 29581277 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1720422115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ signals in plant cells are important for adaptive responses to environmental stresses. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis CATION/Ca2+ EXCHANGER2 (CCX2), encoding a putative cation/Ca2+ exchanger that localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), is strongly induced by salt and osmotic stresses. Compared with the WT, AtCCX2 loss-of-function mutant was less tolerant to osmotic stress and displayed the most noteworthy phenotypes (less root/shoot growth) during salt stress. Conversely, AtCCX2 gain-of-function mutants were more tolerant to osmotic stress. In addition, AtCCX2 partially suppresses the Ca2+ sensitivity of K667 yeast triple mutant, characterized by Ca2+ uptake deficiency. Remarkably, Cameleon Ca2+ sensors revealed that the absence of AtCCX2 activity results in decreased cytosolic and increased ER Ca2+ concentrations in comparison with both WT and the gain-of-function mutants. This was observed in both salt and nonsalt osmotic stress conditions. It appears that AtCCX2 is directly involved in the control of Ca2+ fluxes between the ER and the cytosol, which plays a key role in the ability of plants to cope with osmotic stresses. To our knowledge, Atccx2 is unique as a plant mutant to show a measured alteration in ER Ca2+ concentrations. In this study, we identified the ER-localized AtCCX2 as a pivotal player in the regulation of ER Ca2+ dynamics that heavily influence plant growth upon salt and osmotic stress.
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Tai Z, Yin X, Fang Z, Shi G, Lou L, Cai Q. Exogenous GR24 Alleviates Cadmium Toxicity by Reducing Cadmium Uptake in Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Seedlings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14080852. [PMID: 28758909 PMCID: PMC5580556 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14080852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are classified into plant hormones, playing a key role as a mediator of plant growth in response to several abiotic stresses, including drought and salinity. However, the role of SLs in cadmium (Cd)-induced stress to plants is still unknown. The physiological responses of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) stressed in 10 μmol L−1 Cd to exogenous synthetic SLs analog, GR24 were studied in hydroponics. The Cd stress significantly caused the adverse effects on plant growth and root morphology, inhibited photosynthesis, but boosted lipid peroxidation of Switchgrass seedlings. After treatment of 1 μmol L−1 GR24, the above adverse effects caused by Cd stress were significantly alleviated, mainly reflects in improvement of shoot biomass, relative water content, root development, chlorophyll contents, activities of typical antioxidant enzymes, nutrient uptake. The reason for exogenous GR24 alleviating cadmium toxicity might be owing to that exogenous GR24 promoted the content of endogenous SLs, increased some essential element Fe (iron), Zn (zinc), Mn (manganese) and Cu (copper) uptake and reduced cadmium uptake, accumulation and partition in shoot of switchgrass seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglan Tai
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China.
| | - Xinqiang Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhigang Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China.
- Kashghar University, 844006 Kashghar, China.
| | - Gaoling Shi
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014 Nanjing, China.
| | - Laiqing Lou
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China.
| | - Qingsheng Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China.
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Feng S, Tan J, Zhang Y, Liang S, Xiang S, Wang H, Chai T. Isolation and characterization of a novel cadmium-regulated Yellow Stripe-Like transporter (SnYSL3) in Solanum nigrum. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:281-296. [PMID: 27866260 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
SnYSL3 encodes a plasma-localized transporter delivering various metal-nicotianamine complexes. The expression of SnYSL3 is up-regulated by excess Cd, suggesting an important role for SnYSL3 in response to Cd stress. The Yellow Stripe-Like (YSL) transporters have been proposed to participate in metal uptake and long-range transport in model plants. In this study, we isolated and characterized a novel member of the YSL gene family, SnYSL3, from the cadmium hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum. SnYSL3 was constitutively expressed and encodes a plasma membrane-localized protein. In situ RNA hybridization localized the SnYSL3 transcripts predominantly in vascular tissues and epidermal cells of the roots and stems, while in leaves, the mRNA levels were high in the vasculature. The SnYSL3 expression level was up-regulated by excess Cd, excess Fe and Cu deficiency. Heterologous expression of SnYSL3 in yeast revealed that SnYSL3 transports nicotianamine complexes containing Fe(II), Cu, Zn and Cd. SnYSL3 overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana decreased Fe and Mn concentrations in the roots and increased the root-to-shoot translocation ratios of Fe and Mn. Under Cd exposure, the transgenic plants showed increased translocation ratios of Fe and Cd, but no difference was observed in Mn translocation from roots to shoots between the transgenic and wild-type lines. Although the accurate function of SnYSL3 remains to be confirmed, these results suggest that SnYSL3 is a transporter delivering a broad range of metal-nicotianamine complexes and is potentially important for the response to heavy metal stress, especially due to Cd and Fe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Feng
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjuan Tan
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiu Zhang
- Department of Biological Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqin Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Tuanyao Chai
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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12
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Baliardini C, Corso M, Verbruggen N. Transcriptomic analysis supports the role of CATION EXCHANGER 1 in cellular homeostasis and oxidative stress limitation during cadmium stress. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1183861. [PMID: 27172138 PMCID: PMC4973759 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1183861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of genetic determinants of Cd tolerance in the Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri allowed the identification of the vacuolar Ca(2+)/H(+) exchanger encoding CAX1 gene. CAX1 was proposed to interfere with the positive feedback loop between Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production and Cd-induced cytosolic Ca(2+) spikes, especially at low external Ca(2+) supply. In this study expression of genes involved in ROS homeostasis, cell wall composition, apoplastic pH regulation and Ca(2+) homeostasis were monitored in Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type and cax1-1 knock-out mutant and in Arabidopsis halleri wild-type exposed to cadmium or in control conditions. Clustering the outputs of the expression analysis in a gene co-expression network revealed that CAX1 and genes involved in Ca(2+) cellular homeostasis, apoplastic pH and oxidative stress response were highly correlated in A. thaliana, but not in A. halleri. Many of the studied genes were already highly expressed in A. halleri and/or their expression was not modified by exposure to Cd. The results further supported the role of CAX1 in the regulation of cytosolic ROS accumulation as well as the existence of different cell wall modifications strategies in response to Cd in Arabidopsis thaliana and halleri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Baliardini
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Massimiliano Corso
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Verbruggen
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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13
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Mariem W, Kilani BR, Benet G, Abdelbasset L, Stanley L, Charlotte P, Chedly A, Tahar G. How does NaCl improve tolerance to cadmium in the halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum? CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 117:243-50. [PMID: 25104648 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sesuvium portulacastrum is a halophyte with considerable Cd tolerance and accumulation, especially under high salinity. The species seems a good candidate for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated, saline soils. However, the mechanisms sustaining salt-induced alleviation of Cd toxicity remain unknown. Seedlings of S. portulacastrum were submitted hydroponically to different Cd concentrations (0, 25 and 50 μM Cd) in combination with low (0.09 mM), or high (200 mM) NaCl. Cadmium distribution within leaves and stems was assessed by total Cd, cell sap Cd, and Cd in different cell fractions. In plants with low salt supply (LS) Cd induced severe toxicity. The presence of 200 mM NaCl (HS) significantly alleviated Cd toxicity symptoms. HS drastically reduced both Cd-induced H2O2 production and membrane damage. In HS plants the reduced Cd uptake was only in part responsible for the lower Cd toxicity. Even at equal internal leaf Cd concentrations less Cd toxicity was observed in HS than in LS plants. In HS plants proportionally more Cd was bound in cell walls and proportionally less accumulated in the soluble fraction than in LS plants. Our results show that NaCl improves plant performance under Cd stress by both a decrease of Cd(2+) activity in the medium leading to less Cd uptake and a change of Cd speciation and compartmentation inside tissues. More efficient internal detoxification seems mainly brought about by preferential Cd binding to chloride and cell walls in plants treated with a high salt concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wali Mariem
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extremophiles (LPE), Centre de Biotechnologies de la Technopole de Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam Lif 2050, Tunisia; Departamento de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ben Rjab Kilani
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extremophiles (LPE), Centre de Biotechnologies de la Technopole de Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Gunsé Benet
- Departamento de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lakdhar Abdelbasset
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extremophiles (LPE), Centre de Biotechnologies de la Technopole de Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Lutts Stanley
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie Végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Poschenrieder Charlotte
- Departamento de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Abdelly Chedly
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extremophiles (LPE), Centre de Biotechnologies de la Technopole de Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Ghnaya Tahar
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extremophiles (LPE), Centre de Biotechnologies de la Technopole de Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam Lif 2050, Tunisia.
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14
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Zhao C, Xu J, Li Q, Li S, Wang P, Xiang F. Cloning and characterization of a Phragmites australis phytochelatin synthase (PaPCS) and achieving Cd tolerance in tall fescue. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103771. [PMID: 25133575 PMCID: PMC4136729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of phytochelatins (PCs) provides an important means for plants to achieve tolerance to cadmium (Cd) toxicity. A reed gene encoding PC synthase (PaPCS) was isolated and its function tested through its heterologous expression in a strain of yeast sensitive to Cd. Subsequently, the Cd sensitive and high biomass accumulating species tall fescue was transformed either with PaPCS or PaGCS (a glutamyl cysteine synthetase gene of reed) on their own (single transformants), or with both genes together in the same transgene cassette (double transformant). The single and double transformants showed greater Cd tolerance and accumulated more Cd and PC than wild type plants, and their Cd leaf/root ratio content was higher. The ranking in terms of Cd and PC content for the various transgenic lines was double transformants>PaGCS single transformants>PaPCS single transformants>wild type. Thus PaGCS appears to exert a greater influence than PaPCS over PC synthesis and Cd tolerance/accumulation. The double transformant has interesting potential for phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuizhu Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuo Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fengning Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
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15
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Kühnlenz T, Schmidt H, Uraguchi S, Clemens S. Arabidopsis thaliana phytochelatin synthase 2 is constitutively active in vivo and can rescue the growth defect of the PCS1-deficient cad1-3 mutant on Cd-contaminated soil. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:4241-53. [PMID: 24821959 PMCID: PMC4112630 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phytochelatins play a key role in the detoxification of metals in plants and many other eukaryotes. Their formation is catalysed by phytochelatin synthases (PCS) in the presence of metal excess. It appears to be common among higher plants to possess two PCS genes, even though in Arabidopsis thaliana only AtPCS1 has been demonstrated to confer metal tolerance. Employing a highly sensitive quantification method based on ultraperformance electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, we detected AtPCS2-dependent phytochelatin formation. Overexpression of AtPCS2 resulted in constitutive phytochelatin accumulation, i.e. in the absence of metal excess, both in planta and in a heterologous system. This indicates distinct enzymatic differences between AtPCS1 and AtPCS2. Furthermore, AtPCS2 was able to partially rescue the Cd hypersensitivity of the AtPCS1-deficient cad1-3 mutant in a liquid seedling assay, and, more importantly, when plants were grown on soil spiked with Cd to a level that is close to what can be found in agricultural soils. No rescue was found in vertical-plate assays, the most commonly used method to assess metal tolerance. Constitutive AtPCS2-dependent phytochelatin synthesis suggests a physiological role of AtPCS2 other than metal detoxification. The differences observed between wild-type plants and cad1-3 on Cd soil demonstrated: (i) the essentiality of phytochelatin synthesis for tolerating levels of Cd contamination that can naturally be encountered by plants outside of metal-rich habitats, and (ii) a contribution to Cd accumulation under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Kühnlenz
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Holger Schmidt
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Shimpei Uraguchi
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Stephan Clemens
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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16
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Cappa JJ, Pilon-Smits EAH. Evolutionary aspects of elemental hyperaccumulation. PLANTA 2014; 239:267-75. [PMID: 24463931 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-1983-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyperaccumulation is the uptake of one or more metal/metalloids to concentrations greater than 50-100× those of the surrounding vegetation or 100-10,000 mg/kg dry weight depending on the element. Hyperaccumulation has been documented in at least 515 taxa of angiosperms. By mapping the occurrence of hyperaccumulators onto the angiosperm phylogeny, we show hyperaccumulation has had multiple origins across the angiosperms. Even within a given order, family or genus, there are typically multiple origins of hyperaccumulation, either for the same or different elements. We address which selective pressures may have led to the evolution of hyperaccumulation and whether there is evidence for co-evolution with ecological partners. Considerable evidence supports the elemental-defense hypothesis, which states that hyperaccumulated elements protect the plants from herbivores and pathogens. There is also evidence that hyperaccumulation can result in drought stress protection, allelopathic effects or physiological benefits. In many instances, ecological partners of hyperaccumulators have evolved resistance to the hyperaccumulated element, indicating co-evolution. Studies on the molecular evolution of hyperaccumulation have pinpointed gene duplication as a common cause of increased metal transporter abundance. Hypertolerance to the hyperaccumulated element often relies upon chelating agents, such as organic acids (e.g., malate, citrate) or peptide/protein chelators that can facilitate transport and sequestration. We conclude the review with a summary and suggested future directions for hyperaccumulator research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Cappa
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1878, USA
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17
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Tang L, Qiu R, Tang Y, Wang S. Cadmium–zinc exchange and their binary relationship in the structure of Zn-related proteins: a mini review. Metallomics 2014; 6:1313-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00080c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we give an overview of ongoing work on discovering the structural mechanisms of Cd–Zn exchange and the potentially diverse roles of Cd at Zn functional sites in proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology
- Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology
- Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yetao Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology
- Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shizhong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology
- Guangzhou 510275, China
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18
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Chia JC, Yang CC, Sui YT, Lin SY, Juang RH. Tentative identification of the second substrate binding site in Arabidopsis phytochelatin synthase. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82675. [PMID: 24340051 PMCID: PMC3855540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochelatin synthase (PCS) uses the substrates glutathione (GSH, γGlu-Cys-Gly) and a cadmium (Cd)-bound GSH (Cd∙GS2) to produce the shortest phytochelatin product (PC2, (γGlu-Cys)2-Gly) through a ping-pong mechanism. The binding of the 2 substrates to the active site, particularly the second substrate binding site, is not well-understood. In this study, we generated a structural model of the catalytic domain of Arabidopsis AtPCS1 (residues 12-218) by using the crystal structure of the γGlu-Cys acyl-enzyme complex of the PCS of the cyanobacterium Nostoc (NsPCS) as a template. The modeled AtPCS1 revealed a cavity in proximity to the first substrate binding site, consisting of 3 loops containing several conserved amino acids including Arg152, Lys185, and Tyr55. Substitutions of these amino acids (R152K, K185R, or double mutation) resulted in the abrogation of enzyme activity, indicating that the arrangement of these 2 positive charges is crucial for the binding of the second substrate. Recombinant AtPCS1s with mutations at Tyr55 showed lower catalytic activities because of reduced affinity (3-fold for Y55W) for the Cd∙GS2, further suggesting the role of the cation-π interaction in recognition of the second substrate. Our study results indicate the mechanism for second substrate recognition in PCS. The integrated catalytic mechanism of PCS is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Chen Chia
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Yang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Sui
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yu Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Huay Juang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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19
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DalCorso G, Fasani E, Furini A. Recent advances in the analysis of metal hyperaccumulation and hypertolerance in plants using proteomics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:280. [PMID: 23898342 PMCID: PMC3724048 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hyperaccumulator/hypertolerant plant species have evolved strategies allowing them to grow in metal-contaminated soils, where they accumulate high concentrations of heavy metals in their shoots without signs of toxicity. The mechanisms that allow enhanced metal uptake, root-to-shoot translocation and detoxification in these species are not fully understood. Complementary approaches such as transcriptomic-based DNA microarrays and proteomics have recently been used to gain insight into the molecular pathways evolved by metal hyperaccumulator/hypertolerant species. Proteomics has the advantage of focusing on the translated portion of the genome and it allows to analyze complex networks of proteins. This review discusses the recent analysis of metal hyperaccumulator/hypertolerant plant species using proteomics. Changes in photosynthetic proteins, sulfur, and glutathione metabolism, transport, biotic and xenobiotic defenses as well as the differential regulation of proteins involved in signaling and secondary metabolism are discussed in relation to metal hyperaccumulation. We also consider the potential contribution of several proteins to the hyperaccumulation phenotype.
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20
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Tolerance to cadmium in plants: the special case of hyperaccumulators. Biometals 2013; 26:633-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-013-9659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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The use of the model species Arabidopsis halleri towards phytoextraction of cadmium polluted soils. N Biotechnol 2012; 30:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Lin YF, Aarts MGM. The molecular mechanism of zinc and cadmium stress response in plants. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3187-206. [PMID: 22903262 PMCID: PMC11114967 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
When plants are subjected to high metal exposure, different plant species take different strategies in response to metal-induced stress. Largely, plants can be distinguished in four groups: metal-sensitive species, metal-resistant excluder species, metal-tolerant non-hyperaccumulator species, and metal-hypertolerant hyperaccumulator species, each having different molecular mechanisms to accomplish their resistance/tolerance to metal stress or reduce the negative consequences of metal toxicity. Plant responses to heavy metals are molecularly regulated in a process called metal homeostasis, which also includes regulation of the metal-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathway. ROS generation and signaling plays an important duel role in heavy metal detoxification and tolerance. In this review, we will compare the different molecular mechanisms of nutritional (Zn) and non-nutritional (Cd) metal homeostasis between metal-sensitive and metal-adapted species. We will also include the role of metal-induced ROS signal transduction in this comparison, with the aim to provide a comprehensive overview on how plants cope with Zn/Cd stress at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fen Lin
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
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23
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Huguet S, Bert V, Laboudigue A, Barthès V, Isaure MP, Llorens I, Schat H, Sarret G. Cd speciation and localization in the hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri. ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 82:54-65. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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24
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Choudhary SP, Oral HV, Bhardwaj R, Yu JQ, Tran LSP. Interaction of brassinosteroids and polyamines enhances copper stress tolerance in raphanus sativus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:5659-75. [PMID: 22915739 PMCID: PMC3444278 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) and polyamines (PAs) regulate various responses to abiotic stress, but their involvement in the regulation of copper (Cu) homeostasis in plants exposed to toxic levels of Cu is poorly understood. This study provides an analysis of the effects of exogenously applied BRs and PAs on radish (Raphanus sativus) plants exposed to toxic concentrations of Cu. The interaction of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR, an active BR) and spermidine (Spd, an active PA) on gene expression and the physiology of radish plants resulted in enhanced tolerance to Cu stress. Results indicated that the combined application of EBR and Spd modulated the expression of genes encoding PA enzymes and genes that impact the metabolism of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) resulting in enhanced Cu stress tolerance. Altered expression of genes implicated in Cu homeostasis appeared to be the main effect of EBR and Spd leading to Cu stress alleviation in radish. Ion leakage, in vivo imaging of H(2)O(2), comet assay, and improved tolerance of Cu-sensitive yeast strains provided further evidence for the ability of EBR and Spd to improve Cu tolerance significantly. The study indicates that co-application of EBR and Spd is an effective approach for Cu detoxification and the maintenance of Cu homeostasis in plants. Therefore, the use of these compounds in agricultural production systems should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikander Pal Choudhary
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058, ZhejiangChina
- Department of Botany, University of JammuJammu 180003India
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: or or
| | - H. Volkan Oral
- Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev84990Israel
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev UniversityAmritsar 143001India
| | - Jing-Quan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058, ZhejiangChina
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: or or
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Plant Science CenterYokohama, KanagawaJapan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: or or
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25
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Przedpełska-Wąsowicz E, Polatajko A, Wierzbicka M. The Influence of Cadmium Stress on the Content of Mineral Nutrients and Metal-Binding Proteins in Arabidopsis halleri. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2012; 223:5445-5458. [PMID: 23002314 PMCID: PMC3443489 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-012-1292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of cadmium stress on zinc hyperaccumulation, mineral nutrient uptake, and the content of metal-binding proteins in Arabidopsis halleri. The experiments were carried out using plants subjected to long-term cadmium exposure (40 days) in the concentrations of 45 and 225 μM Cd(2+). Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, size exclusion chromatography coupled with plasma-mass spectrometry, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry used for ablation of polyacylamide gels were employed to assess the content of investigated elements in plants as well as to identify metal-binding proteins. We found that A. halleri is able to translocate cadmium to the aerial parts in high amounts (translocation index >1). We showed that Zn content in plants decreased significantly with the increase of cadmium content in the growth medium. Different positive and negative correlations between Cd content and mineral nutrients were evidenced by our study. We identified more than ten low-molecular-weight (<100 kDa) Cd-binding proteins in Cd-treated plants. These proteins are unlikely to be phytochelatins or metallothioneins. We hypothesize that low-molecular-weight Cd-binding proteins can be involved in cadmium resistance in A. halleri. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11270-012-1292-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Przedpełska-Wąsowicz
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Polatajko
- ISAS-Institute for Analytical Sciences, P.O. Box 101352, 44013 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Małgorzata Wierzbicka
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
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26
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Pauwels M, Vekemans X, Godé C, Frérot H, Castric V, Saumitou-Laprade P. Nuclear and chloroplast DNA phylogeography reveals vicariance among European populations of the model species for the study of metal tolerance, Arabidopsis halleri (Brassicaceae). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 193:916-928. [PMID: 22225532 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.04003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis halleri is a pseudometallophyte involved in numerous molecular studies of the adaptation to anthropogenic metal stress. In order to test the representativeness of genetic accessions commonly used in these studies, we investigated the A. halleri population genetic structure in Europe. Microsatellite and nucleotide polymorphisms from the nuclear and chloroplast genomes, respectively, were used to genotype 65 populations scattered over Europe. The large-scale population structure was characterized by a significant phylogeographic signal between two major genetic units. The localization of the phylogeographic break was assumed to result from vicariance between large populations isolated in southern and central Europe, on either side of ice sheets covering the Alps during the Quaternary ice ages. Genetic isolation was shown to be maintained in western Europe by the high summits of the Alps, whereas admixture was detected in the Carpathians. Considering the phylogeographic literature, our results suggest a distinct phylogeographic pattern for European species occurring in both mountain and lowland habitats. Considering the evolution of metal adaptation in A. halleri, it appears that recent adaptations to anthropogenic metal stress that have occurred within either phylogeographic unit should be regarded as independent events that potentially have involved the evolution of a variety of genetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Pauwels
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, FRE CNRS 3268, Université de Lille-Lille1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Xavier Vekemans
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, FRE CNRS 3268, Université de Lille-Lille1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Cécile Godé
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, FRE CNRS 3268, Université de Lille-Lille1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Hélène Frérot
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, FRE CNRS 3268, Université de Lille-Lille1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Vincent Castric
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, FRE CNRS 3268, Université de Lille-Lille1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Pierre Saumitou-Laprade
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, FRE CNRS 3268, Université de Lille-Lille1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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27
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Marquès L, Oomen RJFJ. On the way to unravel zinc hyperaccumulation in plants: a mini review. Metallomics 2011; 3:1265-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c1mt00117e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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