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Vráblová M, Smutná K, Koutník I, Marková D, Vrábl D, Górecki KM, Žebrák R. A novel approach for measuring membrane permeability for organic compounds via surface plasmon resonance detection. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137165. [PMID: 36356810 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Well-known methods for measuring permeability of membranes include static or flow diffusion chambers. When studying the effects of organic compounds on plants, the use of such model systems allows to investigate xenobiotic behavior at the cuticular barrier level and obtain an understanding of the initial penetration processes of these substances into plant leaves. However, the use of diffusion chambers has disadvantages, including being time-consuming, requiring sampling, or a sufficiently large membrane area, which cannot be obtained from all types of plants. Therefore, we propose a new method based on surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) to enable rapid membrane permeability evaluation. This study presents the methodology for measuring permeability of isolated cuticles for organic compounds via surface plasmon resonance detection, where the selected model analyte was the widely used pesticide metazachlor. Experiments were performed on the cuticles of Ficus elastica, Citrus pyriformis, and an artificial PES membrane, which is used in passive samplers for the detection of xenobiotics in water and soils. The average permeability for metazachlor was 5.23 × 10-14 m2 s-1 for C. pyriformis, 1.34 × 10-13 m2 s-1 for F. elastica, and 7.74 × 10-12 m2 s-1 for the PES membrane. We confirmed that the combination of a flow-through diffusion cell and real-time optical detection of transposed molecules represents a promising method for determining the permeability of membranes to xenobiotics occurring in the environment. This is necessary for determining a pesticide dosage in agriculture, selecting suitable membranes for passive samplers in analytics, testing membranes for water treatment, or studying material use of impregnated membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Vráblová
- VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, CEET, Institute of Environmental Technology, 17.listopadu 15, 708 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Smutná
- VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, CEET, Institute of Environmental Technology, 17.listopadu 15, 708 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivan Koutník
- VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, CEET, Institute of Environmental Technology, 17.listopadu 15, 708 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic; VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, 17. listopadu 15, 708 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Dominika Marková
- VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, CEET, Institute of Environmental Technology, 17.listopadu 15, 708 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic; VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, 17. listopadu 15, 708 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniel Vrábl
- VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, CEET, Institute of Environmental Technology, 17.listopadu 15, 708 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic; University of Ostrava, Faculty of Science, Chittussiho 10, 710 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Maciej Górecki
- VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, CEET, Institute of Environmental Technology, 17.listopadu 15, 708 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Radim Žebrák
- Dekonta Inc., Dřetovice 109, 273 42, Stehelčeves, Czech Republic.
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Qi X, Li X, Yao H, Huang Y, Cai X, Chen J, Zhu H. Predicting plant cuticle-water partition coefficients for organic pollutants using pp-LFER model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 725:138455. [PMID: 32315909 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Predicting plant cuticle-water partition coefficients (Kcw) and understanding the partition mechanisms are crucial to assess environmental fate and risk of organic pollutants. Up to now, experimental Kcw values are determined for only hundreds of compounds because of high experimental cost. For this reason, computational models, which can predict Kcw values based on chemical structures, are promising approaches to evaluate new compounds. In this study, a large dataset consisting of 279 logKcw values for 125 unique compounds were collected and curated. A poly-parameter linear free energy relationship (pp-LFER) model was developed with stepwise multiple linear regression based on this dataset. The resulted pp-LFER model has good predictability and robustness as indicated by determination coefficient (R2adj,tra) of 0.93, bootstrapping coefficient (Q2BOOT) of 0.92, external validation coefficient (Q2ext) of 0.94 and root mean square error of 0.52 log units. Contribution analysis of different interactions indicated that dispersion and hydrophobic interactions have the highest positive contribution (56%) to increase the partition of pollutants onto plant cuticles. In addition, for organic pollutions containing benzene ring (13-31%), double bond (9-17%) or nitrogen-containing heterocycles (9-17%), π/n-electron pairs interactions exhibit obvious positive contributions to logKcw. In conclusion, the proposed pp-LFER model is beneficial for predicting logKcw of potential organic pollutants directly from their molecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xuehua Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Hongye Yao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiyun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey, NJ 08102, USA; Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey, NJ 08102, USA
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Ingram G, Nawrath C. The roles of the cuticle in plant development: organ adhesions and beyond. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:5307-5321. [PMID: 28992283 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cuticles, which are composed of a variety of aliphatic molecules, impregnate epidermal cell walls forming diffusion barriers that cover almost all the aerial surfaces in higher plants. In addition to revealing important roles for cuticles in protecting plants against water loss and other environmental stresses and aggressions, mutants with permeable cuticles show major defects in plant development, such as abnormal organ formation as well as altered seed germination and viability. However, understanding the mechanistic basis for these developmental defects represents a significant challenge due to the pleiotropic nature of phenotypes and the altered physiological status/viability of some mutant backgrounds. Here we discuss both the basis of developmental phenotypes associated with defects in cuticle function and mechanisms underlying developmental processes that implicate cuticle modification. Developmental abnormalities in cuticle mutants originate at early developmental time points, when cuticle composition and properties are very difficult to measure. Nonetheless, we aim to extract principles from existing data in order to pinpoint the key cuticle components and properties required for normal plant development. Based on our analysis, we will highlight several major questions that need to be addressed and technical hurdles that need to be overcome in order to advance our current understanding of the developmental importance of plant cuticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyneth Ingram
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, CNRS, INRA, UCB Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Christiane Nawrath
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Valeska Zeisler-Diehl V, Migdal B, Schreiber L. Quantitative characterization of cuticular barrier properties: methods, requirements, and problems. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:5281-5291. [PMID: 28992330 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The interface between the atmosphere and leaves and fruits is formed by the lipophilic plant cuticle, which seals the outer epidermal cell walls, thus significantly reducing water loss and uptake of dissolved solutes deposited on the cuticle surface. Different experimental and theoretical approaches for quantifying barrier properties of cutinized leaf and fruit surfaces are presented and discussed in this review. Quantitative characterization of cuticle barrier properties requires (i) the measurement of diffusion kinetics, namely the amount diffusing versus time, (ii) accurate knowledge of driving forces, namely concentration gradients, acting across the barrier, and (iii) the calculation of permeances, namely diffusion velocity. We suggest that on the basis of permeances, which are independent from experimental boundary conditions such as driving forces, the time period of measurement, and area, cuticle barrier properties of different plant organs, different plant species, and different lines, as well as barrier properties of suberized root tissue or synthetic membranes, can be directly compared. This review provides a short and easy to understand manual on what should be kept in mind when quantifying barrier properties of cutinized and suberized transport barriers. This could be helpful for scientists working on cuticle biosynthesis and its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Britta Migdal
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany (IZMB), University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany (IZMB), University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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Sadler C, Schroll B, Zeisler V, Waßmann F, Franke R, Schreiber L. Wax and cutin mutants of Arabidopsis: Quantitative characterization of the cuticular transport barrier in relation to chemical composition. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1336-1344. [PMID: 26965486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Using (14)C-labeled epoxiconazole as a tracer, cuticular permeability of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves was quantitatively measured in order to compare different wax and cutin mutants (wax2, cut1, cer5, att1, bdg, shn3 and shn1) to the corresponding wild types (Col-0 and Ws). Mutants were characterized by decreases or increases in wax and/or cutin amounts. Permeances [ms(-1)] of Arabidopsis cuticles either increased in the mutants compared to wild type or were not affected. Thus, genetic changes in wax and cutin biosynthesis in some of the investigated Arabidopsis mutants obviously impaired the coordinated cutin and wax deposition at the outer leaf epidermal cell wall. As a consequence, barrier properties of cuticles were significantly decreased. However, increasing cutin and wax amounts by genetic modifications, did not automatically lead to improved cuticular barrier properties. As an alternative approach to the radioactive transport assay, changes in chlorophyll fluorescence were monitored after foliar application of metribuzine, an herbicide inhibiting electron transport in chloroplasts. Since both, half-times of photosynthesis inhibition as well as times of complete inhibition, in fact correlated with (14)C-epoxiconazole permeances, different rates of decline of photosynthetic yield between mutants and wild type must be a function of foliar uptake of the herbicide across the cuticle. Thus, monitoring changes in chlorophyll fluorescence, instead of conducting radioactive transport assays, represents an easy-to-handle and fast alternative evaluating cuticular barrier properties of different genotypes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Lipid Biology edited by Kent D. Chapman and Ivo Feussner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Sadler
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, Department of Ecophysiology, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bettina Schroll
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, Department of Ecophysiology, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Viktoria Zeisler
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, Department of Ecophysiology, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Friedrich Waßmann
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, Department of Ecophysiology, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rochus Franke
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, Department of Ecophysiology, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, Department of Ecophysiology, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
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Nawrath C, Schreiber L, Franke RB, Geldner N, Reina-Pinto JJ, Kunst L. Apoplastic diffusion barriers in Arabidopsis. THE ARABIDOPSIS BOOK 2013; 11:e0167. [PMID: 24465172 PMCID: PMC3894908 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
During the development of Arabidopsis and other land plants, diffusion barriers are formed in the apoplast of specialized tissues within a variety of plant organs. While the cuticle of the epidermis is the primary diffusion barrier in the shoot, the Casparian strips and suberin lamellae of the endodermis and the periderm represent the diffusion barriers in the root. Different classes of molecules contribute to the formation of extracellular diffusion barriers in an organ- and tissue-specific manner. Cutin and wax are the major components of the cuticle, lignin forms the early Casparian strip, and suberin is deposited in the stage II endodermis and the periderm. The current status of our understanding of the relationships between the chemical structure, ultrastructure and physiological functions of plant diffusion barriers is discussed. Specific aspects of the synthesis of diffusion barrier components and protocols that can be used for the assessment of barrier function and important barrier properties are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Nawrath
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- University of Bonn, Department of Ecophysiology of Plants, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany (IZMB), Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rochus Benni Franke
- University of Bonn, Department of Ecophysiology of Plants, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany (IZMB), Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Niko Geldner
- University of Lausanne, Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - José J. Reina-Pinto
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ‘La Mayora’ (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Department of Plant Breeding, Estación Experimental ‘La Mayora’. 29750 Algarrobo-Costa. Málaga. Spain
| | - Ljerka Kunst
- University of British Columbia, Department of Botany, Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Buschhaus C, Jetter R. Composition and physiological function of the wax layers coating Arabidopsis leaves: β-amyrin negatively affects the intracuticular water barrier. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 160:1120-9. [PMID: 22885935 PMCID: PMC3461534 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.198473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants prevent dehydration by coating their aerial, primary organs with waxes. Wax compositions frequently differ between species, organs, and developmental stages, probably to balance limiting nonstomatal water loss with various other ecophysiological roles of surface waxes. To establish structure-function relationships, we quantified the composition and transpiration barrier properties of the gl1 mutant leaf waxes of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to the necessary spatial resolution. The waxes coating the upper and lower leaf surfaces had distinct compositions. Moreover, within the adaxial wax, the epicuticular layer contained more wax and a higher relative quantity of alkanes, whereas the intracuticular wax had a higher percentage of alcohols. The wax formed a barrier against nonstomatal water loss, where the outer layer contributed twice as much resistance as the inner layer. Based on this detailed description of Arabidopsis leaf waxes, structure-function relationships can now be established by manipulating one cuticle component and assessing the effect on cuticle functions. Next, we ectopically expressed the triterpenoid synthase gene AtLUP4 (for lupeol synthase4 or β-amyrin synthase) to compare water loss with and without added cuticular triterpenoids in Arabidopsis leaf waxes. β-Amyrin accumulated solely in the intracuticular wax, constituting up to 4% of this wax layer, without other concomitant changes of wax composition. This triterpenoid accumulation caused a significant reduction in the water barrier effectiveness of the intracuticular wax.
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