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Yamazaki R, Katsube-Tanaka T, Ogiso-Tanaka E, Kawasaki Y, Shiraiwa T. High source-sink ratio at and after sink capacity formation promotes green stem disorder in soybean. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10440. [PMID: 35729247 PMCID: PMC9213405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14298-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Green stem disorder (GSD) of soybean is characterized by delayed leaf and stem maturation despite normal pod maturation. Previous studies have suggested that GSD occurrence is promoted by a high source-sink ratio, which is produced by thinning or shade removal at the R5 growth stage (the beginning of seed filling). Here the effects of different times and durations of shade removal after the R5 stage on GSD severity were analyzed. First, shade removal for more than 28 days after R5 increased GSD severity by more than 0.4 point in GSD score. Thinning treatment at R5 increased specific leaf weight by 23%, suppressed stem dry weight reduction, and upregulated 19 genes including those encoding vegetative storage proteins at R5 + 28d, indicating excess source ability relative to sink size. On the contrary, shade removal for 14 days after R5 decreased GSD severity by 0.5 point in GSD score. In this treatment, seed size was smaller, while seed number was significantly larger than control, suggesting that shortage of source ability relative to sink size. These results implied that soybean plants regulate GSD occurrences either positively or negatively according to a source-sink ratio during the R5 to R5 + 28d growth stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yamazaki
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center (Kinki, Chugoku, and Shikoku Regions), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 6-12-1 Nishifukatsu-cho, Fukuyama-shi, Hiroshima, 721-8514, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Katsube-Tanaka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Eri Ogiso-Tanaka
- Institute of Crop Science (NICS), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawasaki
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center (Kinki, Chugoku, and Shikoku Regions), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 6-12-1 Nishifukatsu-cho, Fukuyama-shi, Hiroshima, 721-8514, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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Yun DY, Kang YG, Kim M, Kim D, Kim EH, Hong YS. Metabolomic understanding of pod removal effect in soybean plants and potential association with their health benefit. Food Res Int 2020; 138:109797. [PMID: 33288179 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Since natural materials, such as phytochemicals in plants, are increasingly being used for foods and skincare due to their beneficial functions, it is important for developing the cultivation practices to increase the contents of phytochemicals. We here explored metabolite perturbations in the leaves of soybean plants when their pods were removed during growth through 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach. There were obvious metabolic differences in the leaves between normal and pod-removed soybean plants. High amounts of primary metabolites in pod-removed soybean leaves, including amino acids, sugars, and fatty acids, reflected a delay of leaf senescence caused by pod removal. In particular, amounts of isoflavones, coumestrol, and apigenin derivatives in pod-removed soybean leaves were substantially increased. These were considered as distinct metabolic influences of pod removal in soybean plants. These results indicate that pod removal of soybean plants can induce significant perturbations of various metabolites in their soybean leaves, providing useful information to improve the quality of soybean leaves by increasing amounts of bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Yong Yun
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Kang
- Basic Research & Innovation Division, R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, Kyeonggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoyeon Kim
- Basic Research & Innovation Division, R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, Kyeonggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Basic Research & Innovation Division, R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, Kyeonggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongwon-Gu, Cheongju-Si, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Shick Hong
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Kang K, Yue L, Xia X, Liu K, Zhang W. Comparative metabolomics analysis of different resistant rice varieties in response to the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens Hemiptera: Delphacidae. Metabolomics 2019; 15:62. [PMID: 30976994 PMCID: PMC6459800 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1523-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens Stål, Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is one of the most devastating insect pests of the crucially important cereal crop, rice (Oryza sativa L.). Currently, multiple BPH-resistant rice varieties have been cultivated and generalized to control BPH. However, the defence metabolic responses and their modes of action against BPH in different rice cultivars remain uncharacterized. OBJECTIVE We used a non-biased metabolomics approach to explore the differences in metabolite profiles in response to BPH infestation in the susceptible TN1 rice cultivar and two resistant cultivars (IR36 and IR56). METHODS The metabolomic detection based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was performed to investigate the content changes of identified metabolites in TN1, IR36 and IR56 rice varieties at various time points (0 h, 24 h, 48 h and 96 h) post BPH feeding. The differentially expressed metabolites were screened and the corresponding metabolic pathways were further enriched. RESULTS The results showed that compared to that in TN1, the content changes of most primary metabolites were more stable, but the concentration alterations of some defence-related metabolites were more acute and persistent in IR36 and IR56. Furthermore, the differentially expressed pathways analysis revealed that cyanoamino acids and lipids metabolism was persistently induced in IR36, but changes in thiamine, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism were more significant in IR56 during BPH infestation. Besides, the contents of quercetin and spermidine which were harmful to BPH fitness, were significantly elevated by BPH in TN1 and IR36, and the quercetin level was significantly decreased during BPH feeding in IR56. CONCLUSION The results of the differences in metabolite profiles in response to BPH infestation in different rice cultivars were useful to clarify the metabolic mechanism of rice plants during BPH infestation and to provide new resources to control this insect pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Yue
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Xia
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China.
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Fan K, Zhang Q, Liu M, Ma L, Shi Y, Ruan J. Metabolomic and transcriptional analyses reveal the mechanism of C, N allocation from source leaf to flower in tea plant (Camellia sinensis. L). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 232:200-208. [PMID: 30537607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Tea flowering in late autumn competes for a large amount of nitrogen and carbohydrates, potentially undermines the storage of these resources in vegetative organs, and negatively influences the subsequent spring tea yield and quality. The mechanism underlying the re-allocation N and carbohydrate from source leaf to flower in tea plant has not been clearly understood. In this study, 15N allocation, changes in metabolomics, and gene expression in flower buds, flowers, and adjacent leaves were characterized. Total N content of the adjacent leaves significantly decreased during flowering while such a decrease could be reversed by flower bud removal. Foliar-applied 15N in the adjacent leaves markedly decreased and was readily allocated to flowers. Metabolomic analysis revealed that most sugars and benzoic acid increased by more than two-fold whereas theanine, Gln, Arg, Asp, and Asn decreased when flower buds fully opened to become flowers. In this process, Gly, Pro, and cellobiose in the adjacent leaves increased considerably whereas sucrose, galactose, benzoic acid, and many fatty acids decreased. Removal of flower buds reversed or alleviated the above decreases and led to an increase of Asn in the leaves. The expression of genes associated with autophagy (ATG5, ATG9, ATG12, ATG18), sucrose transporters (SUT1, SUT2, SUT4), amino acids permease (AAP6, AAP7, AAP8), glutamine synthetase (GS1;1, GS1;2, GS1;3), and asparagine synthetase (ASN1, ASN2) was significantly up-regulated in leaves during the flowering process and was strongly modulated by the removal of flower buds. The overall results demonstrated that leaves are the ready source providing N and carbohydrates in flowering and a series of genes related to autophagy, protein degradation, turn-over of amino acids, and phloem loading for transport are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fan
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 31008, China
| | - Qunfeng Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 31008, China
| | - Meiya Liu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 31008, China
| | - Lifeng Ma
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 31008, China
| | - Yuanzhi Shi
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 31008, China
| | - Jianyun Ruan
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 31008, China.
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Le Moigne MA, Guérin V, Furet PM, Billard V, Lebrec A, Spíchal L, Roman H, Citerne S, Morvan-Bertrand A, Limami A, Vian A, Lothier J. Asparagine and sugars are both required to sustain secondary axis elongation after bud outgrowth in Rosa hybrida. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 222:17-27. [PMID: 29353122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is required for optimal plant growth, especially in young organs such as secondary axes (axes II) after axillary bud outgrowth. Several studies have shown an increase of nitrogen concentration in xylem sap concomitantly with bud outgrowth, but the relation between nitrogen, sugars and plant hormones in axis II still remains unclear. We investigated in Rosa hybrida the involvement of nitrogen nutrition in axis II elongation in relation with sugars and cytokinins using 15N-labeled nitrate and sugars, amino acids and cytokinin quantifications. Besides, we measured the effect of the exogenous supply of these compounds on axis II elongation using in vitro excised bud culture. We demonstrated that nitrogen in the axis II comes mainly from new root uptake after decapitation. Asparagine, which concentration increases in sap exudates and tissues during axis II elongation, was the sole amino acid able to sustain an efficient elongation in vitro when supplied in combination with sucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Anne Le Moigne
- IRHS, INRA, AGROCAMPUS-Ouest, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071 Beaucouzé cedex, France
| | - Vincent Guérin
- IRHS, INRA, AGROCAMPUS-Ouest, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071 Beaucouzé cedex, France
| | - Pierre-Maxime Furet
- IRHS, INRA, AGROCAMPUS-Ouest, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071 Beaucouzé cedex, France
| | - Vincent Billard
- IRHS, INRA, AGROCAMPUS-Ouest, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071 Beaucouzé cedex, France
| | - Anita Lebrec
- IRHS, INRA, AGROCAMPUS-Ouest, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071 Beaucouzé cedex, France
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hanaé Roman
- IRHS, INRA, AGROCAMPUS-Ouest, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071 Beaucouzé cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Citerne
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin Centre de Versailles-Grignon (IJPB), INRA, Agro-ParisTech, CNRS, Versailles, France
| | - Annette Morvan-Bertrand
- Ecophysiologie Végétale Agronomie et nutritions N.C.S Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INRA, EVA, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Anis Limami
- IRHS, INRA, AGROCAMPUS-Ouest, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071 Beaucouzé cedex, France
| | - Alain Vian
- IRHS, INRA, AGROCAMPUS-Ouest, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071 Beaucouzé cedex, France
| | - Jérémy Lothier
- IRHS, INRA, AGROCAMPUS-Ouest, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071 Beaucouzé cedex, France.
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Brown AV, Hudson KA. Transcriptional profiling of mechanically and genetically sink-limited soybeans. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:2307-2318. [PMID: 28722115 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The absence of a reproductive sink causes physiological and morphological changes in soybean plants. These include increased accumulation of nitrogen and starch in the leaves and delayed leaf senescence. To identify transcriptional changes that occur in leaves of these sink-limited plants, we used RNAseq to compare gene expression levels in trifoliate leaves from depodded and ms6 male-sterile soybean plants and control plants. In both sink-limited tissues, we observed a deferral of the expression of senescence-associated genes and a continued expression of genes associated with leaf maturity. Gene Ontology-terms (GO-terms) associated with growth and development and storage proteins were over-represented in genes that were differentially expressed in sink-limited tissues. We also identified basic helix-loop-helix, auxin response factor, and squamosa binding protein transcription factors expressed in sink-limited tissues, and the senescing control leaves expressed WRKY and NAC transcription factors. We identified genes that were not expressed during normal leaf development but that were highly expressed in sink-limited plants, including the SGR3b "non-yellowing" gene. These differences highlighted several metabolic pathways that were involved in distinct modes of resource partitioning of leaves with the "stay green" phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne V Brown
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- USDA-ARS, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Karen A Hudson
- USDA-ARS Crop Protection and Pest Control Research Unit, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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