1
|
Wang K, Nan LL, Xia J, Wu SW, Yang LL. Metabolomics reveal root differential metabolites of different root-type alfalfa under drought stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1341826. [PMID: 38332768 PMCID: PMC10850343 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1341826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the favored premium feed ingredient in animal husbandry production which is in serious jeopardy due to soil moisture shortages. It is largely unknown how different root types of alfalfa respond to arid-induced stress in terms of metabolites and phytohormones. Methods Therefore, rhizomatous rooted M. sativa 'Qingshui' (or QS), tap-rooted M. sativa 'Longdong' (or LD), and creeping rooted M. varia 'Gannong No. 4' (or GN) were investigated to identify metabolites and phytohormones responses to drought conditions. Results We found 164, 270, and 68 significantly upregulated differential metabolites were categorized into 35, 38, and 34 metabolic pathways in QS, LD, and GN within aridity stress, respectively. Amino acids, organic acids, sugars, and alkaloids were the four categories of primary differential metabolites detected, which include 6-gingerol, salicylic acid (SA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin A4 (GA4), abscisic acid (ABA), trans-cinnamic acid, sucrose, L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, succinic acid, and nicotinic acid and so on, turns out these metabolites are essential for the resistance of three root-type alfalfa to aridity coercing. Discussion The plant hormone signal transduction (PST) pathway was dramatically enriched after drought stress. IAA and ABA were significantly accumulated in the metabolites, indicating that they play vital roles in the response of three root types of alfalfa to water stress, and QS and LD exhibit stronger tolerance than GN under drought stress.
Collapse
|
2
|
Carrell AA, Clark M, Jawdy S, Muchero W, Alexandre G, Labbé JL, Rush TA. Interactions with microbial consortia have variable effects in organic carbon and production of exometabolites among genotypes of Populus trichocarpa. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e544. [PMID: 38028650 PMCID: PMC10660807 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Poplar is a short-rotation woody crop frequently studied for its significance as a sustainable bioenergy source. The successful establishment of a poplar plantation partially depends on its rhizosphere-a dynamic zone governed by complex interactions between plant roots and a plethora of commensal, mutualistic, symbiotic, or pathogenic microbes that shape plant fitness. In an exploratory endeavor, we investigated the effects of a consortium consisting of ectomycorrhizal fungi and a beneficial Pseudomonas sp. strain GM41 on plant growth (including height, stem girth, leaf, and root growth) and as well as growth rate over time, across four Populus trichocarpa genotypes. Additionally, we compared the level of total organic carbon and plant exometabolite profiles across different poplar genotypes in the presence of the microbial consortium. These data revealed no significant difference in plant growth parameters between the treatments and the control across four different poplar genotypes at 7 weeks post-inoculation. However, total organic carbon and exometabolite profiles were significantly different between the genotypes and the treatments. These findings suggest that this microbial consortium has the potential to trigger early signaling responses in poplar, influencing its metabolism in ways crucial for later developmental processes and stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa A. Carrell
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennesseeUSA
| | - Miranda Clark
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennesseeUSA
| | - Sara Jawdy
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennesseeUSA
| | | | - Gladys Alexandre
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Tennessee‐KnoxvilleKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Jesse L. Labbé
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennesseeUSA
- Present address:
Technology HoldingSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Tomás A. Rush
- Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennesseeUSA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun R, Liu S, Gao J, Zhao L. Integration of the metabolome and transcriptome reveals the molecular mechanism of drought tolerance in Plumeria rubra. Front Genet 2023; 14:1274732. [PMID: 37790703 PMCID: PMC10544913 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1274732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plumeria rubra L. cv. Acutifolia is an ornamental tree that displays a good drought-tolerance level. However, the molecular mechanisms of P. rubra adaptation to drought stress remains unclear. Here, drought-simulating pot experiments were conducted to explore drought stress response mechanism of P. rubra. Transcriptome analysis revealed 10,967 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 6,498 of which were increased and 4,469 decreased. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that the DEGs were enriched in binding category, in metabolic process category, and in catalytic activities category. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that 9 pathways were significantly enriched, including biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (ko01110), plant hormone signal transduction (ko04075) and so on. In addition, the transcription factor families of AP2/ERFs, bZIP, and C2H2 were significantly upregulated while the families of bHLH, MYB-related, and NAC were significantly downregulated. Moreover, the results of metabolomics analysis indicated that some compounds were accumulated under drought stress, especially flavonoids. Overall, it was speculated that under drought stress, P. rubra first activates the plant hormone signal transduction pathway to regulate hormone contents. Then osmotic regulating substances such as organic acids and amino acids are accumulated to maintain osmotic balance. Finally, flavonoid levels are increased to scavenge reactive oxygen species. These results preliminarily revealed the molecular mechanisms adopted by P. rubra in response to drought stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Sun
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jin L, Chen X, Pang C, Zhou L, Liu Y, Sun Y, Xu L, Wang Y, Chen Y. Investigation of the antibacterial mechanism of the novel bactericide dioctyldiethylenetriamine (Xinjunan). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:2780-2791. [PMID: 36924248 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemical control is an important method for tackling crop diseases. Clarifying the antibacterial mechanisms of bactericides is useful for developing new bactericides and for continuous plant disease control. In this study, the antibacterial mechanism of a novel bactericide, dioctyldiethylenetriamine (Xinjunan), which affects adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, was investigated. RESULTS The results of an in vitro inhibition activity assay showed that dioctyldiethylenetriamine inhibited the growth of a variety of plant pathogenic bacteria, especially that of Xanthomonas spp. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that dioctyldiethylenetriamine caused cell distortion and rupture. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the antibacterial effect of dioctyldiethylenetriamine, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed for Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo, PXO99A) treated with dioctyldiethylenetriamine, which has strong antibacterial effects against xanthomonads. The results showed that differentially expressed genes were enriched mainly in the oxidative phosphorylation and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle pathways after treatment. Moreover, the dioctyldiethylenetriamine treatment exhibited reduction in enzyme activities in the TCA cycle, decreased intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and ATP contents, and increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species. In addition, dioctyldiethylenetriamine exhibited an inhibitory effect on the growth of other bacterial pathogens by reducing ATP synthesis. CONCLUSION This is the first report of the mechanism by which dioctyldiethylenetriamine inhibits ATP synthesis by affecting oxidative phosphorylation and TCA cycle pathways in bacteria. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jin
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hefei Research Center, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xing Chen
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hefei Research Center, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chaoyue Pang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hefei Research Center, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Zhou
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hefei Research Center, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hefei Research Center, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hefei Research Center, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Shandong Vicome Greenland Chemical Co., Ltd, Shandong, China
| | - Yongxing Wang
- Shandong Vicome Greenland Chemical Co., Ltd, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hefei Research Center, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Y, Cao H, Wang S, Guo J, Dou H, Qiao J, Yang Q, Shao R, Wang H. Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) improves salt-inhibited nitrogen metabolism and the anaplerotic reaction of the tricarboxylic acid cycle by regulating GABA-shunt metabolism in maize seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 254:114756. [PMID: 36924595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress hampers the growth of most crop plants and reduces yield considerably. In addition to its role in metabolism, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays a special role in the regulation of salinity stress tolerance in plants, though the underlying physiological mechanism remains poorly understood. In order to study the physiological mechanism of GABA pathway regulated carbon and nitrogen metabolism and tis relationship with salt resistance of maize seedlings, we supplemented seedlings with exogenous GABA under salt stress. In this study, we showed that supplementation with 0.5 mmol·L-1 (0.052 mg·g-1) GABA alleviated salt toxicity in maize seedling leaves, ameliorated salt-induced oxidative stress, and increased antioxidant enzyme activity. Applying exogenous GABA maintained chloroplast structure and relieved chlorophyll degradation, thus improving the photosynthetic performance of the leaves. Due to the improvement in photosynthesis, sugar accumulation also increased. Endogenous GABA content and GABA transaminase (GABA-T) and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) activity were increased, while glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity was decreased, via the exogenous application of GABA under salt stress. Meanwhile, nitrogen metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were activated by the supply of GABA. In general, through the regulation of GABA-shunt metabolism, GABA activated enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism and replenished the key substrates of the TCA cycle, thereby improving the balance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism of maize and improving salt tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Wang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of crop Chemical Control, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hongzhang Cao
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shancong Wang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jiameng Guo
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of crop Chemical Control, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hangyu Dou
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jiangfang Qiao
- Cereal Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450099, China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of crop Chemical Control, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruixin Shao
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of crop Chemical Control, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of crop Chemical Control, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Feng YX, Yang L, Lin YJ, Song Y, Yu XZ. Merging the occurrence possibility into gene co-expression network deciphers the importance of exogenous 2-oxoglutarate in improving the growth of rice seedlings under thiocyanate stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1086098. [PMID: 36909427 PMCID: PMC9995760 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1086098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Thiocyanate (SCN-) can find its way into cultivated fields, which might hamper the harmony in carbon and nitrogen metabolism (CNM) of plants, ebbing their quality and productivity. In the current study, we investigated the role of the exogenous application of 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) in maintaining homeostasis of CNM in rice seedlings under SCN- stress. Results showed that SCN- exposure significantly repressed the gene expression and activities of CNM-related enzymes (e.g., phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases, and isocitrate dehydrogenases) in rice seedlings, thereby reducing their relative growth rate (RGR). Exogenous application of 2-OG effectively mitigated the toxic effects of SCN- on rice seedlings, judged by the aforementioned parameters. The co-expression network analysis showed that genes activated in CNM pathways were categorized into four modules (Modules 1-4). In order to identify the key module activated in CNM in rice seedlings exposed to SCN-, the results from real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) tests were used to calculate the possibility of the occurrence of genes grouped in four different modules. Notably, Module 3 showed the highest occurrence probability, which is mainly related to N metabolism and 2-OG synthesis. We can conclude that exogenous application of 2-OG can modify the imbalance of CNM caused by SCN- exposure through regulating N metabolism and 2-OG synthesis in rice seedlings.
Collapse
|
7
|
Pei L, Zhao Y, Shi X, Chen R, Yan J, Li X, Jiang Z, Wang J, Shi S. The Role of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) in the Occurrence of Adventitious Roots and Somatic Embryos in Woody Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3512. [PMID: 36559624 PMCID: PMC9784130 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of adventitious roots and somatic embryos is a crucial step in micropropagation that frequently limits the application of this technique in woody plants. Recent studies demonstrated that they can be negatively or positively regulated with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is a four-carbon non-proteinous amino acid that not only acts as a main inhibitory neurotransmitter in mammals. It has been reported that GABA affects plant growth and their response to stress although its mode of action is still unclear. This review dealt with the effects of GABA on adventitious root formation and growth as well as on somatic embryogenesis. Furthermore, we focused on discussing the interaction of GABA with phytohormones, such as auxin, ethylene, abscisic acid, and gibberellin, as well as with the carbon and nitrogen metabolism during adventitious root development. We suggested that research on GABA will contribute to the application of micropropagation in the recalcitrant fruit and forest species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xinru Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jiawei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xu Li
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Zeping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Junhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shengqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xiong H, Ma H, Zhao H, Yang L, Hu B, Wang J, Shi X, Zhang Y, Rennenberg H. Integrated physiological, proteome and gene expression analyses provide new insights into nitrogen remobilization in citrus trees. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1628-1645. [PMID: 35225347 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) remobilization is an important physiological process that supports the growth and development of trees. However, in evergreen broad-leaved tree species, such as citrus, the mechanisms of N remobilization are not completely understood. Therefore, we quantified the potential of N remobilization from senescing leaves of spring shoots to mature leaves of autumn shoots of citrus trees under different soil N availabilities and further explored the underlying N metabolism characteristics by physiological, proteome and gene expression analyses. Citrus exposed to low N had an approximately 38% N remobilization efficiency (NRE), whereas citrus exposed to high N had an NRE efficiency of only 4.8%. Integrated physiological, proteomic and gene expression analyses showed that photosynthesis, N and carbohydrate metabolism interact with N remobilization. The improvement of N metabolism and photosynthesis, the accumulation of proline and arginine, and delayed degradation of storage protein in senescing leaves are the result of sufficient N supply and low N remobilization. Proteome further showed that energy generation proteins and glutamate synthase were hub proteins affecting N remobilization. In addition, N requirement of mature leaves is likely met by soil supply at high N nutrition, thereby resulting in low N remobilization. These results provide insight into N remobilization mechanisms of citrus that are of significance for N fertilizer management in orchards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaye Xiong
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Haotian Ma
- Health Science Center, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Huanyu Zhao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Linsheng Yang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yueqiang Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu H, Wang C, Li C, Zhao Z, Wei L, Liu Z, Hu D, Liao W. Nitric oxide is involved in hydrogen sulfide-induced adventitious rooting in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:245-258. [PMID: 34991782 DOI: 10.1071/fp21288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) are signalling molecules that regulate adventitious rooting in plants. However, little is known about the cross-talk between NO and H2 S during adventitious rooting. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) explants were used to investigate the roles of and relationships between NO and H2 S during rooting. Effects of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and the H2 S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) on adventitious rooting were dose-dependent, and the greatest biological responses were observed under 25μM SNP and 50μM NaHS. The positive effect of NaHS was reversed by the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxy-2-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO), indicating that the H2 S-induced response was partially NO-dependent. Peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities significantly increased by SNP and NaHS treatment, and indoleacetic acid oxidase (IAAO) activity and the O2 - and H2 O2 content significantly decreased by SNP and NaHS treatment. SNP and NaHS treatment also increased the content of soluble sugar and protein and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). cPTIO significantly mitigated the increases in POD, PPO and SOD activity and soluble sugar, protein and IAA content induced by NaHS. SNP and NaHS upregulated the expression of auxin-related genes (ARF4 and ARF16 ), cell cycle-related genes (CYCD3 , CYCA3 and CDKA1 ), and antioxidant-related genes (TPX2 , SOD and POD ); whereas cPTIO significantly inhibited the increase in the expression of these genes induced by NaHS. Overall, these results show that NO may be involved in H2 S-induced adventitious rooting by regulating the activity of rooting-related enzymes, the expression of related genes, and the content of various nutrients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huwei Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Changxia Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zongxi Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Lijuan Wei
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhiya Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dongliang Hu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Comprehensive Genome-Wide Identification and Transcript Profiling of GABA Pathway Gene Family in Apple ( Malus domestica). Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121973. [PMID: 34946926 PMCID: PMC8700813 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA), a four-carbon non-protein amino acid, is a significant component of the free amino acid pool in most prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. GABA is involved in pH regulation, maintaining C/N balance, plant development and defence, as well as a compatible osmolyte and an alternative pathway for glutamate utilization via anion flux. Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD, EC 4.1.1.15) and GABA transaminase (GABA-T, EC 2.6.1.19) are two key enzymes involved in the synthesis and metabolism of GABA. Recently, GABA transporters (GATs), protein and aluminium-activated malate transporter (ALMT) proteins which function as GABA receptors, have been shown to be involved in GABA regulation. However, there is no report on the characterization of apple GABA pathway genes. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis and expression profiling of the GABA pathway gene family in the apple genome. A total of 24 genes were identified including five GAD genes (namely MdGAD 1–5), two GABA-T genes (namely MdGABA-T 1,2), 10 GAT genes (namely GAT 1–10) and seven ALMT genes (namely MdALMT1–7). These genes were randomly distributed on 12 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analyses grouped GABA shunt genes into three clusters—cluster I, cluster II, and cluster III—which had three, four, and five genes, respectively. The expression profile analysis revealed significant MdGAD4 expression levels in both fruit and flower organs, except pollen. However, there were no significant differences in the expression of other GABA shunt genes in different tissues. This work provides the first characterization of the GABA shunt gene family in apple and suggests their importance in apple response to abiotic stress. These results can serve as a guide for future studies on the understanding and functional characterization of these gene families.
Collapse
|
11
|
Multi-omics responses of red algae Pyropia haitanensis to intertidal desiccation during low tides. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
12
|
Wang M, Pérez-Garcia MD, Davière JM, Barbier F, Ogé L, Gentilhomme J, Voisine L, Péron T, Launay-Avon A, Clément G, Baumberger N, Balzergue S, Macherel D, Grappin P, Bertheloot J, Achard P, Hamama L, Sakr S. Outgrowth of the axillary bud in rose is controlled by sugar metabolism and signalling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3044-3060. [PMID: 33543244 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching is a pivotal process during plant growth and development, and is antagonistically orchestrated by auxin and sugars. In contrast to extensive investigations on hormonal regulatory networks, our current knowledge on the role of sugar signalling pathways in bud outgrowth is scarce. Based on a comprehensive stepwise strategy, we investigated the role of glycolysis/the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) in the control of bud outgrowth. We demonstrated that these pathways are necessary for bud outgrowth promotion upon plant decapitation and in response to sugar availability. They are also targets of the antagonistic crosstalk between auxin and sugar availability. The two pathways act synergistically to down-regulate the expression of BRC1, a conserved inhibitor of shoot branching. Using Rosa calluses stably transformed with GFP-fused promoter sequences of RhBRC1 (pRhBRC1), glycolysis/TCA cycle and the OPPP were found to repress the transcriptional activity of pRhBRC1 cooperatively. Glycolysis/TCA cycle- and OPPP-dependent regulations involve the -1973/-1611 bp and -1206/-709 bp regions of pRhBRC1, respectively. Our findings indicate that glycolysis/TCA cycle and the OPPP are integrative parts of shoot branching control and can link endogenous factors to the developmental programme of bud outgrowth, likely through two distinct mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | | | - Jean-Michel Davière
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - François Barbier
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Laurent Ogé
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
| | - José Gentilhomme
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Linda Voisine
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Thomas Péron
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Alexandra Launay-Avon
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, Plateau de Moulon, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Gilles Clément
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Nicolas Baumberger
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sandrine Balzergue
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
| | - David Macherel
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Philippe Grappin
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Jessica Bertheloot
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Patrick Achard
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Latifa Hamama
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Soulaiman Sakr
- Université Angers, Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000 Angers, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li L, Dou N, Zhang H, Wu C. The versatile GABA in plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1862565. [PMID: 33404284 PMCID: PMC7889023 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1862565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a ubiquitous four-carbon, non-protein amino acid. GABA has been widely studied in animal central nervous systems, where it acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. In plants, it is metabolized through the GABA shunt pathway, a bypass of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Additionally, it can be synthesized through the polyamine metabolic pathway. GABA acts as a signal in Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated plant gene transformation and in plant development, especially in pollen tube elongation (to enter the ovule), root growth, fruit ripening, and seed germination. It is accumulated during plant responses to environmental stresses and pathogen and insect attacks. A high concentration of GABA elevates plant stress tolerance by improving photosynthesis, inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, activating antioxidant enzymes, and regulating stomatal opening in drought stress. The transporters of GABA in plants are reviewed in this work. We summarize the recent research on GABA function and transporters with the goal of providing a review of GABA in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Na Dou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunxia Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang Y, Wang LF, Li TT, Liu WC. Mutual Promotion of LAP2 and CAT2 Synergistically Regulates Plant Salt and Osmotic Stress Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:672672. [PMID: 34177987 PMCID: PMC8220078 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.672672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Almost all abiotic stresses induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) overaccumulation, causing oxidative damages to plant cells. Catalase (CAT) plays a vital role in plant oxidative stress tolerance by scavenging stress-induced excess H2O2; thus, the identification of factors regulating catalase function will shed light on the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Here, we identified leucine aminopeptidase 2 (LAP2) as a novel CAT2-interacting protein and showed a mutual promotion effect of the two proteins in plant stress responses. LAP2 has a physical interaction with CAT2 in plant cells. The loss-of-function mutant of LAP2, lap2-3, is hypersensitive to salt or osmotic stress with increased ROS accumulation and malondialdehyde content and decreased catalase activity. The lap2-3 mutant has less CAT2 protein levels as CAT2 protein stability is impaired in the mutant. Scavenging excess ROS by glutathione or overexpressing CAT2 in the lap2-3 mutant recovers its hypersensitive phenotype to salt or osmotic stress. Further study showed that CAT2 promotes LAP2 hydrolysis activity with leucine-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amides as a substrate in vivo and in vitro, and thus, similar to the lap2-3 mutant, the cat2-1 mutant also has lower γ-aminobutyric acid content than the wild type. Together, our study reveals mutual promotion effects of CAT2 and LAP2 in conferring plant salt and osmotic stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lin-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Wen-Cheng Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen W, Meng C, Ji J, Li MH, Zhang X, Wu Y, Xie T, Du C, Sun J, Jiang Z, Shi S. Exogenous GABA promotes adaptation and growth by altering the carbon and nitrogen metabolic flux in poplar seedlings under low nitrogen conditions. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:1744-1761. [PMID: 32776117 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deficiency adversely affects tree growth. Additionally, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is closely associated with growth and stress responses because of its effects on carbon (C) and N metabolism. However, little is known about its roles related to plant adaptations to N-deficient conditions. In this study, we analyzed the effects of GABA (0, 2 and 10 mM) applications on the growth traits and physiological responses of poplar (Populus alba × P. glandulosa '84K') seedlings under high N (HN) and low N (LN) conditions. We found that the added GABA interacted with N to affect more than half of the studied parameters, with greater effects in LN plants than in HN plants. Under LN conditions, the GABA application tended to increase poplar growth, accompanied by increased xylem fiber cell length and xylem width. In stems, exogenous GABA increased the abundance of non-structural carbohydrates (starch and sugars) and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates (succinate, malate and citrate), but had the opposite effect on the structural C contents (hemicellulose and lignin). Meanwhile, exogenous GABA increased the total soluble protein contents in leaves and stems, accompanied by significant increases in nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase and glutamine synthetase activities in leaves, but significant decreases in those (except for the increased glutamate synthetase activity) in stems. A multiple factorial analysis indicated that the nitrate assimilation pathway substantially influences poplar survival and growth in the presence of GABA under LN conditions. Interestingly, GABA applications also considerably attenuated the LN-induced increase in the activities of leaf antioxidant enzymes, including peroxidase and catalase, implying that GABA may regulate the relative allocation of C and N for growth activities by decreasing the energy cost associated with stress defense. Our results suggest that GABA enhances poplar growth and adaptation by regulating the C and N metabolic flux under N-deficient conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Chen Meng
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 4, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Jing Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Mai-He Li
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf CH-8903, Switzerland
- Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Renmin Street 268, Nanguan District, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiaoman Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Hebei Agricultural University, Lekai South Street 2596, Lianchi District, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yanyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Tiantian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Changjian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zeping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, LXiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shengqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ji J, Shi Z, Xie T, Zhang X, Chen W, Du C, Sun J, Yue J, Zhao X, Jiang Z, Shi S. Responses of GABA shunt coupled with carbon and nitrogen metabolism in poplar under NaCl and CdCl 2 stresses. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 193:110322. [PMID: 32109582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt is closely associated with plant tolerance; however, little is known about its mechanism. This study aimed to decipher the responses of the GABA shunt and related carbon-nitrogen metabolism in poplar seedlings (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa) treated with different NaCl and CdCl2 concentrations for 30 h. The results showed that the activities of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and GABA-transaminase (GABA-T) were activated, as well as α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities were enhanced by NaCl and CdCl2 stresses, except for SDH under CdCl2 stress. Meanwhile, the expression levels of GADs, GABA-Ts SDHs, succinyl-CoA ligases (SCSs), and succinic acid aldehyde dehydrogenases (SSADHs) were also increased. Notably, significant increases in the key components of GABA shunt, Glu and GABA, were observed under both stresses. Soluble sugars and free amino acids were enhanced, whereas citrate, malate and succinate were almost inhibited by both NaCl and CdCl2 stresses except that citrate was not changed or just increased by 50-mM NaCl stress. Thus, these results suggested that the carbon-nitrogen balance could be altered by activating the GABA shunt when main TCA-cycle intermediates were inhibited under NaCl and CdCl2 stresses. This study can enhance the understanding about the functions of the GABA shunt in woody plants under abiotic stresses and may be applied to the genetic improvement of trees for phytoremediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zheng Shi
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Tiantian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xiaoman Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Changjian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jianyun Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xiulian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zeping Jiang
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Shengqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing, 100091, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Du C, Chen W, Wu Y, Wang G, Zhao J, Sun J, Ji J, Yan D, Jiang Z, Shi S. Effects of GABA and Vigabatrin on the Germination of Chinese Chestnut Recalcitrant Seeds and Its Implications for Seed Dormancy and Storage. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040449. [PMID: 32260136 PMCID: PMC7238225 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recalcitrant chestnut seeds are rich in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which negatively regulates adventitious root development by altering carbon/nitrogen metabolism. However, little is known regarding the role of this metabolite in chestnut seeds. In this study, we investigated the effects of GABA changes on the germination of chestnut seeds treated with exogenous GABA and vigabatrin (VGB, which inhibits GABA degradation). Both treatments significantly inhibited seed germination and primary root growth and resulted in the considerable accumulation of H2O2, but the endogenous GABA content decreased before germination at 48 h. Soluble sugar levels increased before germination, but subsequently decreased, whereas starch contents were relatively unchanged. Changes to organic acids were observed at 120 h after sowing, including a decrease and increase in citrate and malate levels, respectively. Similarly, soluble protein contents increased at 120 h, but the abundance of most free amino acids decreased at 48 h. Moreover, the total amino acid levels increased only in response to VGB at 0 h. Accordingly, GABA and VGB altered the balance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, thereby inhibiting chestnut seed germination. These results suggested that changes to GABA levels in chestnut seeds might prevent seed germination. The study data may also help clarify the dormancy and storage of chestnut seeds, as well as other recalcitrant seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changjian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing 100091, China; (C.D.); (W.C.); (Y.W.); (J.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing 100091, China; (C.D.); (W.C.); (Y.W.); (J.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Yanyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing 100091, China; (C.D.); (W.C.); (Y.W.); (J.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Guangpeng Wang
- Institute for Pomology, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Changli 066600, China;
| | - Jiabing Zhao
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China;
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing 100091, China; (C.D.); (W.C.); (Y.W.); (J.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Jing Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing 100091, China; (C.D.); (W.C.); (Y.W.); (J.S.); (J.J.)
| | - Donghui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing 100091, China; (D.Y.); (Z.J.)
| | - Zeping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing 100091, China; (D.Y.); (Z.J.)
| | - Shengqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing 100091, China; (C.D.); (W.C.); (Y.W.); (J.S.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62889054
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xie T, Ji J, Chen W, Yue J, Du C, Sun J, Chen L, Jiang Z, Shi S. GABA negatively regulates adventitious root development in poplar. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:1459-1474. [PMID: 31740934 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) influences plant growth, but little is known about how this metabolite regulates adventitious root (AR) development. Here, we investigate the effects of GABA on ARs using poplar lines overexpressing glutamate decarboxilase 2 (GAD2) and by treating poplar stem cuttings with exogenous GABA or vigabatrin (VGB; a specific GABA transaminase inhibitor). Endogenous GABA accumulation not only inhibited AR growth, but it also suppressed or delayed AR formation. Anatomical observations revealed that the GABA and VGB treatments resulted in a 1 d delay in the formation of AR primordia and the appearance of ARs. This delay coincided with changes in primary metabolism, including transient increases in hexose and amino acid levels. GABA-dependent changes in the expression of genes related to hormone synthesis and signalling, as well as analysis of hormone levels revealed that ethylene-dependent pathways were decreased at the earliest stage of AR formation. In contrast, auxin and abscisic acid were increased at 1-5 d as well as GA4 over a 5 d period of AR formation. These results demonstrate that GABA plays a crucial role in AR development. Evidence is presented demonstrating that GABA can interact with hormone-related pathways as well as carbon/nitrogen metabolism. These findings also elucidate the functions of GABA in plant development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyun Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Changjian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Lanzhen Chen
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Bee Products, Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zeping Jiang
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Shengqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xie T, Ji J, Chen W, Yue J, Du C, Sun J, Chen L, Jiang Z, Shi S. γ-Aminobutyric acid is closely associated with accumulation of flavonoids. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1604015. [PMID: 30999791 PMCID: PMC6619973 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1604015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an important neurotransmitter in mammals whose receptor is reported to be regulated by flavonoids. In plants, it is considered to be at the intersection of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, but its relationship with flavonoid metabolism remains unclear. Our recent RNA-seq analysis showed that expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes was influenced in poplar by the blockage of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH) activity and the application of GABA under NaCl stress, accompanied by the changes in GABA shunt activity. Here, we further found that the flavonoid accumulation was significantly affected by blocking the activities of α-KGDH and GABA transaminase as well as applying exogenous GABA, coupled with the changes of endogenous GABA contents. Key genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway were also significantly influenced, including two PALs, 4CL, and two CHSs. Our results suggest that the GABA shunt is closely associated with the metabolism of flavonoids, which would benefit future understanding of GABA's roles in carbon allocation by regulating the pathway of flavonoid biosynthesis under normal or stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyun Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Changjian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Lanzhen Chen
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Bee Products, Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zeping Jiang
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Shengqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|