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Shikha, Pandey DK, Upadhyay S, Phukan UJ, Shukla RK. Transcriptome analysis of waterlogging-induced adventitious root and control taproot of Mentha arvensis. Plant Cell Rep 2024; 43:104. [PMID: 38507094 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The present study reports differentially expressed transcripts in the waterlogging-induced adventitious root (AR) of Mentha arvensis; the identified transcripts will help to understand AR development and improve waterlogging stress response. Waterlogging notably hampers plant growth in areas facing waterlogged soil conditions. In our previous findings, Mentha arvensis was shown to adapt better in waterlogging conditions by initiating the early onset of adventitious root development. In the present study, we compared the transcriptome analysis of adventitious root induced after the waterlogging treatment with the control taproot. The biochemical parameters of total carbohydrate, total protein content, nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity and antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase activity (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, were enhanced in the adventitious root compared with control taproot. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in adventitious root compared with the control taproot were grouped into four functional categories, i.e., carbohydrate metabolism, antioxidant activity, hormonal regulation, and transcription factors that could be majorly involved in the development of adventitious roots. Differential expression of the upregulated and uniquely expressing thirty-five transcripts in adventitious roots was validated using qRT-PCR. This study has generated the resource of differentially and uniquely expressing transcripts in the waterlogging-induced adventitious roots. Further functional characterization of these transcripts will be helpful to understand the development of adventitious roots, leading to the resistance towards waterlogging stress in Mentha arvensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha
- Plant Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, CSIR-CIMAP) PO CIMAP (A laboratory under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Pandey
- Plant Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, CSIR-CIMAP) PO CIMAP (A laboratory under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Swati Upadhyay
- Plant Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, CSIR-CIMAP) PO CIMAP (A laboratory under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Ujjal J Phukan
- Plant Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, CSIR-CIMAP) PO CIMAP (A laboratory under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Shukla
- Plant Biotechnology Division (CSIR-CIMAP), Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, CSIR-CIMAP) PO CIMAP (A laboratory under Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India), Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226015, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Libao C, Shiting L, Chen Z, Shuyan L. NnARF17 and NnARF18 from lotus promote root formation and modulate stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:163. [PMID: 38431568 PMCID: PMC10908128 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04852-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Auxin response factors (ARFs) play a crucial role in regulating gene expression within the auxin signal transduction pathway, particularly during adventitious root (AR) formation. In this investigation, we identified full-length sequences for ARF17 and ARF18, encompassing 1,800 and 2,055 bp, encoding 599 and 684 amino acid residues, respectively. Despite exhibiting low sequence homology, the ARF17- and ARF18-encoded proteins displayed significant structural similarity and shared identical motifs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed close relationships between NnARF17 and VvARF17, as well as NnARF18 and BvARF18. Both ARF17 and ARF18 demonstrated responsiveness to exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), ethephon, and sucrose, exhibiting organ-specific expression patterns. Beyond their role in promoting root development, these ARFs enhanced stem growth and conferred drought tolerance while mitigating waterlogging stress in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. RNA sequencing data indicated upregulation of 51 and 75 genes in ARF17 and ARF18 transgenic plants, respectively, including five and three genes associated with hormone metabolism and responses. Further analysis of transgenic plants revealed a significant decrease in IAA content, accompanied by a marked increase in abscisic acid content under normal growth conditions. Additionally, lotus seedlings treated with IAA exhibited elevated levels of polyphenol oxidase, IAA oxidase, and peroxidase. The consistent modulation of IAA content in both lotus and transgenic plants highlights the pivotal role of IAA in AR formation in lotus seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Libao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Liang Shiting
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Li Shuyan
- College of Guangling, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
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Quan L, Shiting L, Chen Z, Yuyan H, Minrong Z, Shuyan L, Libao C. NnWOX1-1, NnWOX4-3, and NnWOX5-1 of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)promote root formation and enhance stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:719. [PMID: 38017402 PMCID: PMC10683310 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09772-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adventitious roots (ARs) represent an important organ system for water and nutrient uptake in lotus plants because of degeneration of the principal root. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) gene regulates plant development and growth by affecting the expression of several other genes. In this study, three WOX genes, NnWOX1-1, NnWOX4-3, and NnWOX5-1, were isolated and their functions were assessed in Arabidopsis plants. RESULTS The full lengths of NnWOX1-1, NnWOX4-3, and NnWOX5-1 were 1038, 645, and 558 bp, encoding 362, 214, and 185 amino acid residues, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis classified NnWOX1-1 and NnWOX4-3 encoding proteins into one group, and NnWOX5-1 and MnWOX5 encoding proteins exhibited strong genetic relationships. The three genes were induced by sucrose and indoleacetic acid (IAA) and exhibited organ-specific expression characteristics. In addition to improving root growth and salt tolerance, NnWOX1-1 and NnWOX4-3 promoted stem development in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. A total of 751, 594, and 541 genes, including 19, 19, and 13 respective genes related to ethylene and IAA metabolism and responses, were enhanced in NnWOX1-1, NnWOX4-3, and NnWOX5-1 transgenic plants, respectively. Further analysis showed that ethylene production rates in transgenic plants increased, whereas IAA, peroxidase, and lignin content did not significantly change. Exogenous application of ethephon on lotus seedlings promoted AR formation and dramatically increased the fresh and dry weights of the plants. CONCLUSIONS NnWOX1-1, NnWOX4-3, and NnWOX5-1 influence root formation, stem development, and stress adaptation in transgenic Arabidopsis plants by affecting the transcription of multiple genes. Among these, changes in gene expression involving ethylene metabolism and responses likely critically affect the development of Arabidopsis plants. In addition, ethylene may represent an important factor affecting AR formation in lotus seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Quan
- College of Horticulture and landscape Architechture, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Shiting
- College of Horticulture and landscape Architechture, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Chen
- College of Horticulture and landscape Architechture, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Yuyan
- College of Horticulture and landscape Architechture, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Minrong
- College of Horticulture and landscape Architechture, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shuyan
- College of Guangling, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cheng Libao
- College of Horticulture and landscape Architechture, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Feng F, Wang Q, Jiang K, Lei D, Huang S, Wu H, Yue G, Wang B. Transcriptome analysis reveals ZmERF055 contributes to waterlogging tolerance in sweetcorn. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 204:108087. [PMID: 37847974 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Waterlogging is a major disaster damaging crop production. However, most sweetcorn cultivars are not tolerant to waterlogging, which severely threatens their production. In order to understand the genetic mechanisms underlying waterlogging tolerance in sweetcorn, this study conducted a comprehensive investigation of sweetcorn waterlogging tolerance at the levels of physiology, biochemistry, and transcriptome in two sweetcorn CSSLs (chromosome segment substitution lines), D120 and D81. We found that D120 showed increased plant height, root length, root area, adventitious root numbers, antioxidant enzyme activities, and aerenchyma area ratio compared to D81. The transcriptome results showed that 2492 and 2351 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained at 4 h and 8 h of waterlogging treatment, respectively. Genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, photosynthesis, and alcohol fermentation are sensitive in the waterlogging tolerant genotype D120, resulting in enhanced ROS scavenging ability, adventitious roots, and aerenchyma formation. Additionally, ethylene-, auxin-, and ABA-related genes exhibited different responses to waterlogging stress in sweetcorn. We integrated transcriptome and differential chromosomal fragments data and identified that ZmERF055 on chromosome 9 was directly involved in waterlogging stress. ZmERF055-overexpressing plants consistently exhibited significantly increased waterlogging tolerance and ROS homeostasis in Arabidopsis. These results offer a network of plant hormone signaling, ROS homeostasis, and energy metabolism co-modulating waterlogging tolerance in sweetcorn. Additionally, the findings support ZmERF055 as a potential ideal target gene in crop breeding to improve plant waterlogging tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faqiang Feng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Kerui Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Dan Lei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shilin Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huichao Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Gaohong Yue
- Southern Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325006, China.
| | - Bo Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Ahkami AH. Systems biology of root development in Populus: Review and perspectives. Plant Sci 2023; 335:111818. [PMID: 37567482 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The root system of plants consists of primary, lateral, and adventitious roots (ARs) (aka shoot-born roots). ARs arise from stem- or leaf-derived cells during post-embryonic development. Adventitious root development (ARD) through stem cuttings is the first requirement for successful establishment and growth of planted trees; however, the details of the molecular mechanisms underlying ARD are poorly understood. This knowledge is important to both basic plant biology and because of its necessary role in the successful propagation of superior cultivars of commercial woody bioenergy crops, like poplar. In this review article, the molecular mechanisms that control both endogenous (auxin) and environmentally (nutrients and microbes) regulated ARD and how these systems interact to control the rooting efficiency of poplar trees are described. Then, potential future studies in employing integrated systems biology approaches at cellular resolutions are proposed to more precisely identify the molecular mechanisms that cause AR. Using genetic transformation and genome editing approaches, this information can be used for improving ARD in economically important plants for which clonal propagation is a requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H Ahkami
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA.
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Kong L, Wang Y, Li M, Cai C, Li L, Wang R, Shen W. A methane-cGMP module positively influences adventitious rooting. Plant Cell Rep 2023:10.1007/s00299-023-03019-4. [PMID: 37084115 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Endogenous cGMP operates downstream of CH4 control of adventitious rooting, following by the regulation in the expression of cell cycle regulatory and auxin signaling-related genes. Methane (CH4) is a natural product from plants and microorganisms. Although exogenously applied CH4 and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) are separately confirmed to be involved in the control of adventitious root (AR) formation, the possible interaction still remains elusive. Here, we observed that exogenous CH4 not only rapidly promoted cGMP synthesis through increasing the activity of guanosine cyclase (GC), but also induced cucumber AR development. These responses were obviously impaired by the removal of endogenous cGMP with two GC inhibitors. Anatomical evidence showed that the emerged stage (V) among AR primordia development might be the main target of CH4-cGMP module. Genetic evidence revealed that the transgenic Arabidopsis that overexpressed the methyl-coenzyme M reductase gene (MtMCR) from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum not only increased-cGMP production, but also resulted in a pronounced AR development compared to wild-type (WT), especially with the addition of CH4 or the cell-permeable cGMP derivative 8-Br-cGMP. qPCR analysis confirmed that some marker genes associated with cell cycle regulatory and auxin signaling were closely related to the brand-new CH4-cGMP module in AR development. Overall, our results clearly revealed an important function of cGMP in CH4 governing AR formation by modulating auxin-dependent pathway and cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingshuai Kong
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yueqiao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chenxu Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Longna Li
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ren Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Geng L, Ren J, Ji X, Yan S, Song XS. Over-expression of DREB46 enhances drought tolerance in Populus trichocarpa. J Plant Physiol 2023; 281:153923. [PMID: 36657232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.153923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The drought responsive element binding (DREB) gene family has a significant role in plant abiotic stress responses. Here, we cloned a drought-inducible DREB gene, DREB46 (Potri.019G075500), and investigated its function in drought tolerance in Populus trichocarpa. Under treatment with exogenous abscisic acid and 6% PEG6000, DREB46 was rapidly and abundantly expressed. We successfully inserted P. trichocarpa DREB46 constructs into P. trichocarpa. After 11 d of drought stress and 3 d of rehydration treatment, the DREB46 over-expression (OE) lines exhibited significantly increased survival rates relative to the wild type (WT). Histochemical staining showed that the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in transgenic plants under drought stress was lower than that in WT plants. Furthermore, OE plants displayed higher superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities and proline content, but lower malondialdehyde content than the WT plants under drought stress. In contrast, DREB46-RNA interference (RNAi) lines exhibited the opposite phenotype. Under PEG-6000 stress, OE plants produced significantly more adventitious roots (ARs) than WT plants. In contrast, RNAi-mediated DREB46-inhibited poplar exhibited fewer ARs. Quantitative real-time PCR indicated that WOX11/12a (Potri.013G066900), a gene related to root growth and development regulation, was significantly increased in OE plants. Additionally, yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays showed that DREB46 could interact with protein kinase MPK1 (Potri.002G032100) and protein phosphatase PP2C47 (Potri.007G058700), respectively, and this result was also verified by luciferase complementation assay. Transient co-expression results of leaves showed that PP2C47 and DREB46 Agrobacterium-transformed leaves had strong drought tolerance. These results show that DREB46 plays a key role in drought tolerance by inducing the ROS scavenging system and increasing the number of ARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhuang Geng
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jing Ren
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaolong Ji
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shaopeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Department of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xing Shun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Department of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Abstract
De novo organ regeneration is the process in which adventitious roots or shoots regenerate from detached or wounded organs. De novo organ regeneration can occur either in natural conditions, e.g. adventitious root regeneration from the wounded sites of detached leaves or stems, or in in-vitro tissue culture, e.g. organ regeneration from callus. In this review, we summarize recent advances in research on the molecular mechanism of de novo organ regeneration, focusing on the role of the WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX11 (WOX11) gene in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. WOX11 is a direct target of the auxin signaling pathway, and it is expressed in, and regulates the establishment of, the founder cell during de novo root regeneration and callus formation. WOX11 activates the expression of its target genes to initiate root and callus primordia. Therefore, WOX11 links upstream auxin signaling to downstream cell fate transition during regeneration. We also discuss the role of WOX11 in diverse species and its evolution in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Wan
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ning Zhai
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Dixiang Xie
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Wu Liu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Lin Xu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
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Koo H, Lee YS, Nguyen VB, Giang VNL, Koo HJ, Park HS, Mohanan P, Song YH, Ryu B, Kang KB, Sung SH, Yang TJ. Comparative transcriptome and metabolome analyses of four Panax species explore the dynamics of metabolite biosynthesis. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:44-53. [PMID: 36644396 PMCID: PMC9834023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The genus Panax in the Araliaceae family has been used as traditional medicinal plants worldwide and is known to biosynthesize ginsenosides and phytosterols. However, genetic variation between Panax species has influenced their biosynthetic pathways is not fully understood. Methods Simultaneous analysis of transcriptomes and metabolomes obtained from adventitious roots of two tetraploid species (Panax ginseng and P. quinquefolius) and two diploid species (P. notoginseng and P. vietnamensis) revealed the diversity of their metabolites and related gene expression profiles. Results The transcriptome analysis showed that 2,3-OXIDOSQUALENE CYCLASEs (OSCs) involved in phytosterol biosynthesis are upregulated in the diploid species, while the expression of OSCs contributing to ginsenoside biosynthesis is higher in the tetraploid species. In agreement with these results, the contents of dammarenediol-type ginsenosides were higher in the tetraploid species relative to the diploid species. Conclusion These results suggest that a whole-genome duplication event has influenced the triterpene biosynthesis pathway in tetraploid Panax species during their evolution or ecological adaptation. This study provides a basis for further efforts to explore the genetic variation of the Panax genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Koo
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Sun Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Van Binh Nguyen
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Vo Ngoc Linh Giang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jo Koo
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Seung Park
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Padmanaban Mohanan
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hun Song
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeol Ryu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Bin Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Sung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Yang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author. Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Liu R, Wen SS, Sun TT, Wang R, Zuo WT, Yang T, Wang C, Hu JJ, Lu MZ, Wang LQ. PagWOX11/12a positively regulates the PagSAUR36 gene that enhances adventitious root development in poplar. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:7298-7311. [PMID: 36001042 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious root (AR) development is an extremely complex biological process that is affected by many intrinsic factors and extrinsic stimuli. Some WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) transcription factors have been reported to play important roles in AR development, but their functional relationships with auxin signaling are poorly understood, especially the developmental plasticity of roots in response to adversity stress. Here, we identified that the WOX11/12a-SMALL AUXIN UP RNA36 (SAUR36) module mediates AR development through the auxin pathway in poplar, as well as under salt stress. PagWOX11/12a displayed inducible expression during AR development, and overexpression of PagWOX11/12a significantly promoted AR development and increased salt tolerance in poplar, whereas dominant repression of PagWOX11/12a produced the opposite phenotype. PagWOX11/12a proteins directly bind to the SAUR36 promoter to regulate SAUR36 transcription, and this binding was enhanced during salt stress. Genetic modification of PagWOX11/12a-PagSAUR36 expression revealed that the PagWOX11/12a-PagSAUR36 module is crucial for controlling AR development via the auxin pathway. Overall, our results indicate that a novel WOX11-SAUR-auxin signaling regulatory module is required for AR development in poplar. These findings provide key insights and a better understanding of the involvement of WOX11 in root developmental plasticity in saline environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry Research Institute of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry Research Institute of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Ting-Ting Sun
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wen-Teng Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry Research Institute of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jian-Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry Research Institute of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry Research Institute of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Liu-Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry Research Institute of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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11
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Qi H, Cai H, Liu X, Liu S, Ding C, Xu M. The cytokinin type-B response regulator PeRR12 is a negative regulator of adventitious rooting and salt tolerance in poplar. Plant Sci 2022; 325:111456. [PMID: 36087886 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious root (AR) development is an ecologically and economically important biological process that maintains ecological balance, improves plant survivability, and allows for massive vegetative propagation, but its genetic mechanisms are not well understood. Here, eight Arabidopsis response regulator (ARR) genes were cloned and identified in poplar, most of which were detected in the AR, phloem, and xylem and showed remarkable induction at different time points during AR development. Subcellular localization indicated that most of these PeRR genes are in the nucleus. Based on qRT-PCR expression analysis of some genes related to AR development, we inferred that overexpression of PeRR12 (OE_PeRR12) may inhibited AR formation by suppressing the transcription of PeWOX11, PeWOX5, PePIN1 and PePIN3 in poplar while promoting type-A RR transcripts. Correspondingly, exogenous auxin partially restored the rooting of OE_PeRR12 poplar by inhibiting PeRR12 expression. Moreover, the activities of the antioxidant systems of OE_PeRR12 poplars were lower than those of wild-type poplars under salt stress conditions, indicating that PeRR12 may acts as a repressor that mediates salt tolerance by suppressing the expression of PeHKT1;1. Altogether, these results suggest that PeRR12 plays essential roles in mediating AR formation and salinity tolerance in poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Qi
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Heng Cai
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Sian Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Changjun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Meng Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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12
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Wang Y, Pang D, Ruan L, Liang J, Zhang Q, Qian Y, Zhang Y, Bai P, Wu L, Cheng H, Cui Q, Wang L, Wei K. Integrated transcriptome and hormonal analysis of naphthalene acetic acid-induced adventitious root formation of tea cuttings (Camellia sinensis). BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:319. [PMID: 35787241 PMCID: PMC9251942 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea plant breeding or cultivation mainly involves propagation via cuttings, which not only ensures the inheritance of the excellent characteristics of the mother plant but also facilitates mechanized management. The formation of adventitious root (AR) determines the success of cutting-based propagation, and auxin is an essential factor involved in this process. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying AR formation in nodal tea cuttings, transcriptome and endogenous hormone analysis was performed on the stem bases of red (mature)- and green (immature)-stem cuttings of 'Echa 1 hao' tea plant as affected by a pulse treatment with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). RESULTS In this study, NAA significantly promoted AR formation in both red- and green-stem cuttings but slightly reduced callus formation. External application of NAA reduced the levels of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and cytokinin (TZR, trans-zeatin riboside). The number of DEGs (NAA vs. CK) identified in the green-stem cuttings was significantly higher than that in the red-stem cuttings, which corresponded to a higher rooting rate of green-stem cuttings under the NAA treatment. A total of 82 common DEGs were identified as being hormone-related and involved in the auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid, ethylene, salicylic acid, brassinosteroid, and jasmonic acid pathways. The negative regulation of NAA-induced IAA and GH3 genes may explain the decrease of endogenous IAA. NAA reduced endogenous cytokinin levels and further downregulated the expression of cytokinin signalling-related genes. By the use of weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), several hub genes, including three [cellulose synthase (CSLD2), SHAVEN3-like 1 (SVL1), SMALL AUXIN UP RNA (SAUR21)] that are highly related to root development in other crops, were identified that might play important roles in AR formation in tea cuttings. CONCLUSIONS NAA promotes the formation of AR of tea cuttings in coordination with endogenous hormones. The most important endogenous AR inductor, IAA, was reduced in response to NAA. DEGs potentially involved in NAA-mediated AR formation of tea plant stem cuttings were identified via comparative transcriptome analysis. Several hub genes, such as CSLD2, SVL1 and SAUR21, were identified that might play important roles in AR formation in tea cuttings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Dandan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, 310008, China
- Tea Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Menghai, 666201, China
| | - Li Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Jinbo Liang
- Tea Research Institute of Enshi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Tea Research Institute of Enshi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Yinhong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Yazhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Peixian Bai
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Liyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Qingmei Cui
- Tea Research Institute of Enshi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, 445000, China.
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, 310008, China.
| | - Kang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, 310008, China.
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13
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Tyagi A, Sharma S, Ali S, Gaikwad K. Crosstalk between H 2 S and NO: an emerging signalling pathway during waterlogging stress in legume crops. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2022; 24:576-586. [PMID: 34693601 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In legumes, waterlogging is a major detrimental factor leading to huge yield losses. Generally, legumes lack tolerance to submergence, and conventional breeding to develop tolerant varieties are limited due to the lack of tolerant germplasm and potential target genes. Moreover, our understanding of the various signalling cascades, their interactions and key pathways induced during waterlogging is limited. Here, we focus on the role of two important plant signalling molecules, viz. hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) and nitric oxide (NO), during waterlogging stress in legumes. Plants and soil microbes produce these signalling molecules both endogenously and exogenously under various stresses, including waterlogging. NO and H2 S are known to regulate key physiological pathways, such as stomatal closure, leaf senescence and regulation of numerous stress signalling pathways, while NO plays a pivotal role in adventitious root formation during waterlogging. The crosstalk between H2 S and NO is synergistic because of the resemblance of their physiological effects and proteomic functions, which mainly operate through cysteine-dependent post-translational modifications via S-nitrosation and persulfidation. Such knowledge has provided novel platforms for researchers to unravel the complexity associated with H2 S-NO signalling and interactions with plant stress hormones. This review provides an overall summary on H2 S and NO, including biosynthesis, biological importance, crosstalk, transporter regulation as well as understanding their role during waterlogging using 'multi-omics' approach. Understanding H2 S and NO signalling will help in deciphering the metabolic interactions and identifying key regulatory genes that could be used for developing waterlogging tolerance in legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tyagi
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - S Sharma
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - S Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - K Gaikwad
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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14
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Zhai S, Cai W, Xiang ZX, Chen CY, Lu YT, Yuan TT. PIN3-mediated auxin transport contributes to blue light-induced adventitious root formation in Arabidopsis. Plant Sci 2021; 312:111044. [PMID: 34620442 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious rooting is a heritable quantitative trait that is influenced by multiple endogenous and exogenous factors in plants, and one important environmental factor required for efficient adventitious root formation is light signaling. However, the physiological significance and molecular mechanism of light underlying adventitious root formation are still largely unexplored. Here, we report that blue light-induced adventitious root formation is regulated by PIN-FORMED3 (PIN3)-mediated auxin transport in Arabidopsis. Adventitious root formation is significantly impaired in the loss-of-function mutants of the blue light receptors, PHOTOROPIN1 (PHOT1) and PHOTOROPIN2 (PHOT2), as well as the phototropic transducer, NON-PHOTOTROPIC HYPOCOTYL3 (NPH3). In addition, blue light enhanced the auxin content in the adventitious root, and the pin3 loss-of-function mutant had a reduced adventitious rooting response under blue light compared to the wild type. The PIN3 protein level was higher in plants treated with blue light than in those in darkness, especially in the hypocotyl pericycle, while PIN3-GFP failed to accumulate in nph3 PIN3::PIN3-GFP. Furthermore, the results showed that PIN3 physically interacted with NPH3, a key transducer in phototropic signaling. Taken together, our study demonstrates that blue light induces adventitious root formation through the phototropic signal transducer, NPH3, which regulates adventitious root formation by affecting PIN3-mediated auxin transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Institute of Crop Science of Wuhan Academy of Agriculture Science, Wuhan, 430345, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Cai-Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ying-Tang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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15
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Abstract
This article comments on: Dob A, Lakehal A, Novak O, Bellini C. 2021. Jasmonate inhibits adventitious root initiation through repression of CKX1 and activation of RAP2.6L transcription factor in Arabidopsis. Journal of Experimental Botany 72, 7107–7118.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhengfei Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Lin Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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16
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Zhang H, Li G, Yan C, Cao N, Yang H, Le M, Zhu F. Depicting the molecular responses of adventitious rooting to waterlogging in melon hypocotyls by transcriptome profiling. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:351. [PMID: 34221821 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02866-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Waterlogging is a severe abiotic stressor that inhibits crop growth and productivity owing to the decline in the amount of oxygen available to the waterlogged organs. Although melon (Cucumis melo L.) is sensitive to waterlogging, its ability to form adventitious roots facilitates the diffusion of oxygen and allows the plant to survive waterlogging. To provide comprehensive insight into the adventitious rooting in response to waterlogging of melon, global transcriptome changes during this process were investigated. Of the 17,146 genes expressed during waterlogging, 7363 of them were differentially expressed in the pairwise comparisons between different waterlogging treatment time points. A further analysis suggested that the genes involved in sugar cleavage, glycolysis, fermentation, reactive oxygen species scavenging, cell wall modification, cell cycle governing, microtubule remodeling, hormone signals and transcription factors could play crucial roles in the adventitious root production induced by waterlogging. Additionally, ethylene and ERFs were found to be vital factors that function in melon during adventitious rooting. This study broadens our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie adventitious rooting induced by waterlogging and lays the theoretical foundation for further molecular breeding of waterlogging-tolerant melon. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02866-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanxin Zhang
- Institute of Horticulture, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200 China
| | - Guoquan Li
- Institute of Horticulture, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200 China
| | - Chengpu Yan
- Institute of Horticulture, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200 China
| | - Na Cao
- Institute of Horticulture, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200 China
| | - Huidong Yang
- Institute of Horticulture, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200 China
| | - Meiwang Le
- Institute of Horticulture, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200 China
| | - Fanghong Zhu
- Institute of Horticulture, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200 China
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17
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Lyu J, Wu Y, Jin X, Tang Z, Liao W, Dawuda MM, Hu L, Xie J, Yu J, Calderón-Urrea A. Proteomic analysis reveals key proteins involved in ethylene-induced adventitious root development in cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.). PeerJ 2021; 9:e10887. [PMID: 33868797 PMCID: PMC8034359 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in adventitious root formation reflect the adaptability of plants to the environment. Moreover, the rooting process is regulated by endogenous hormone signals. Ethylene, a signaling hormone molecule, has been shown to play an essential role in the process of root development. In the present study, in order to explore the relationship between the ethylene-induced adventitious rooting process and photosynthesis and energy metabolism, the iTRAQ technique and proteomic analysis were employed to ascertain the expression of different proteins that occur during adventitious rooting in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings. Out of the 5,014 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), there were 115 identified DEPs, among which 24 were considered related to adventitious root development. Most of the identified proteins were related to carbon and energy metabolism, photosynthesis, transcription, translation and amino acid metabolism. Subsequently, we focused on S-adenosylmethionine synthase (SAMS) and ATP synthase subunit a (AtpA). Our findings suggest that the key enzyme, SAMS, upstream of ethylene synthesis, is directly involved in adventitious root development in cucumber. Meanwhile, AtpA may be positively correlated with photosynthetic capacity during adventitious root development. Moreover, endogenous ethylene synthesis, photosynthesis, carbon assimilation capacity, and energy material metabolism were enhanced by exogenous ethylene application during adventitious rooting. In conclusion, endogenous ethylene synthesis can be improved by exogenous ethylene additions to stimulate the induction and formation of adventitious roots. Moreover, photosynthesis and starch degradation were enhanced by ethylene treatment to provide more energy and carbon sources for the rooting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Jin
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Zhongqi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mohammed Mujitaba Dawuda
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Horticulture, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Linli Hu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Alejandro Calderón-Urrea
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, California State University, CA, USA.,College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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18
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Lin C, Ogorek LLP, Pedersen O, Sauter M. Oxygen in the air and oxygen dissolved in the floodwater both sustain growth of aquatic adventitious roots in rice. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:1879-1890. [PMID: 33206163 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Flooding is an environmental stress that leads to a shortage of O2 that can be detrimental for plants. When flooded, deepwater rice grow floating adventitious roots to replace the dysfunctional soil-borne root system, but the features that ensure O2 supply and hence growth of aquatic roots have not been explored. We investigate the sources of O2 in aquatic adventitious roots and relate aerenchyma and barriers for gas diffusion to local O2 gradients, as measured by microsensor technology, to link O2 distribution in distinct root zones to their anatomical features. The mature root part receives O2 exclusively from the stem. It has aerenchyma that, together with suberin and lignin depositions at the water-root and cortex-stele interfaces, provides a path for longitudinal O2 movement toward the tip. The root tip has no diffusion barriers and receives O2 from the stem and floodwater, resulting in improved aeration of the root tip over mature tissues. Local formation of aerenchyma and diffusion barriers in the mature root channel O2 towards the tip which also obtains O2 from the floodwater. These features explain aeration of floating roots and their ability to grow under water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lin
- Plant Developmental Biology and Plant Physiology, University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 5, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Ole Pedersen
- Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Margret Sauter
- Plant Developmental Biology and Plant Physiology, University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 5, Kiel, Germany
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19
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Cui C, Wang Z, Su Y, Wang T. New insight into the rapid growth of the Mikania micrantha stem based on DIA proteomic and RNA-Seq analysis. J Proteomics 2021; 236:104126. [PMID: 33540067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mikania micrantha is one of the world's most invasive plants, which causes severe damage to natural ecosystems and agroforestry systems due to its rapid stem growth. This work investigated the proteomic and transcriptomic profiles of M. micrantha in different stem tissues (pre-internode, post-internode, and internode), as well as in adventitious roots and primary roots with the final goal of elucidating differentially expressed genes and proteins responsible for the rapid growth of stem. The objective was approached by using DIA-based proteomic and RNA-Seq technologies. More than seven giga-transcriptome clean reads were sequenced, and 5196 protein species were identified. Differentially expressed genes identified in all stem tissues were significantly enriched in photosynthesis and carbon fixation, suggesting that the stem possesses a strong photosynthetic capacity in order to maintain the energy supply for this species. Analysis of differentially expressed proteins showed that proteins related to photosystem I/II and the cytochrome b6/f complex, such as D1, D2, and cp43, were also highly accumulated in the adventitious roots, corroborating the transcriptome analysis results. These results provided basic proteomic and transcriptional expression information about the M. micrantha stem and adventitious root, thereby improving our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying rapid growth in this species. SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first study to investigate the proteomic and transcriptomic profiles of Mikania micrantha, a highly invasive plant, in different stem tissues (pre-internode, post-internode, and internode), as well as in adventitious and primary roots, using the latest DIA-based (data-independent acquisition mode) proteomic and RNA-Seq technologies. A comprehensive study was carried out, and differentially expressed genes and differentially expressed proteins identified in the pre-internode, post-internode, and internode tissues were significantly enriched during photosynthesis and carbon fixation, suggesting that the M. micrantha stem possesses a strong photosynthetic capacity that allows the plant to maintain a high energy supply. Enriched plant hormone signal transduction pathway analysis revealed an interaction between auxin and other phytohormones involved in adventitious root development. The study provided basic data on the molecular mechanism of M. micrantha vegetative propagation and the rapid growth of its stem. The novel scientific content of this study successfully builds upon the limited information currently available on the subject, therefore warranting publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Xingang Xi Lu 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Xingang Xi Lu 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yingjuan Su
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Xingang Xi Lu 135, Guangzhou 510275, China; Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Wushan 483, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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20
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Zhang J, Zhou T, Zhang C, Zheng W, Li J, Jiang W, Xiao C, Wei D, Yang C, Xu R, Gong A, Bi Y. Gibberellin disturbs the balance of endogenesis hormones and inhibits adventitious root development of Pseudostellaria heterophylla through regulating gene expression related to hormone synthesis. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:135-147. [PMID: 33424290 PMCID: PMC7783660 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The adventitious roots of some plants will develop into tuberous roots which are widely used in many traditional Chinese medicines, including Pseudostellaria heterophylla. If adventitious root development is inhibited, the yield of Chinese medicinal materials will be reduced. Gibberellic acid is an important phytohormone that promotes plant growth and increases the resistance to drought, flood or disease. However, the effects of gibberellic acid on adventitious roots of Pseudostellaria heterophylla are not clear. Here, we reports GA3 suppressed adventitious root development of Pseudostellaria heterophylla by disturbing the balance of endogenesis hormones. By detecting the contents of various endogenous hormones, we found that the development of adventitious roots negatively correlated with the content of CA3 in tuberous roots. Exogenous GA3 treatment decreased the diameter of adventitious roots, but increased the length of adventitious roots of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. In contrast, blocking the biosynthesis of GA3 suppressed stem growth and promoted the xylem of tuberous roots development. Moreover, exogenous GA3 treatment resulted in imbalance of endogenesis hormones by regulating their synthesis-related genes expression in xylem of tuberous roots. These results suggest GA3 broke the established distribution of hormones by regulating synthesis, transport and biological activation of hormones to activate the apical meristem and suppress lateral meristem. Regulating GA3 signaling during adventitious roots development would be one of the possible ways to increase the yield of P. heterophylla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiang Zhang
- Guizhou University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Guizhou University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Guizhou University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Guizhou University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China.,Graduate School of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guizhou University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Weike Jiang
- Guizhou University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chenghong Xiao
- Guizhou University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Dequn Wei
- Guizhou University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Changgui Yang
- Guizhou University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Guizhou University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Anhui Gong
- Guizhou University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yan Bi
- Guizhou University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
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21
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Liu J, Chen T, Zhang J, Li C, Xu Y, Zheng H, Zhou J, Zha L, Jiang C, Jin Y, Nan T, Yi J, Sun P, Yuan Y, Huang L. Ginsenosides regulate adventitious root formation in Panax ginseng via a CLE45-WOX11 regulatory module. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:6396-6407. [PMID: 32794554 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious root branching is vital to plant growth and regeneration, but the regulation of this process remains unclear. We therefore investigated how ginsenosides regulate adventitious root branching in Panax ginseng. Cell proliferation and adventitious root branching were decreased in the presence of ginsenoside Rb1 and a high concentration of ginsenoside Re, but increased when treating with a low concentration of Re. Moreover, the exogenous application of a synthetic dodeca-amino acid peptide that has a CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-related (CLE) motif corresponding to PgCLE45 retarded root growth in both ginseng and Arabidopsis. The root Re levels and the expression of the DDS, CYP716A47, and CYP716A53 genes that encode enzymes involved in ginsenoside synthesis were decreased in the presence of PgCLE45. The expression profiles of PgWOX and PgCLE genes were determined to further investigate the CLE-WOX signaling pathway. The levels of PgWOX11 transcripts showed an inverse pattern to PgCLE45 transcripts. Using yeast one-hybrid assay, EMSA, and ChIP assay, we showed that PgWOX11 bound to the PgCLE45 promoter, which contained the HD motif. Transient expression assay showed that PgWOX11 induced the expression of PgCLE45 in adventitious roots, while PgCLE45 suppressed the expression of PgWOX11. These results suggest that there is a negative feedback regulation between PgCLE45 and PgWOX11. Taken together, these data show that ginsenosides regulate adventitious root branching via a novel PgCLE45-PgWOX11 regulatory loop, providing a potential mechanism for the regulation of adventitious root branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chen Li
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, PR China
| | - Yanhong Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Junhui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Liangping Zha
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, PR China
| | - Chao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tiegui Nan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jinhao Yi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Peiwen Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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22
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Dong CJ, Liu XY, Xie LL, Wang LL, Shang QM. Salicylic acid regulates adventitious root formation via competitive inhibition of the auxin conjugation enzyme CsGH3.5 in cucumber hypocotyls. Planta 2020; 252:75. [PMID: 33026530 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous SA treatment at appropriate concentrations promotes adventitious root formation in cucumber hypocotyls, via competitive inhibiting the IAA-Asp synthetase activity of CsGH3.5, and increasing the local free IAA level. Adventitious root formation is critical for the cutting propagation of horticultural plants. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) has been shown to play a central role in regulating this process, while for salicylic acid (SA), its exact effects and regulatory mechanism have not been elucidated. In this study, we showed that exogenous SA treatment at the concentrations of both 50 and 100 µM promoted adventitious root formation at the base of the hypocotyl of cucumber seedlings. At these concentrations, SA could induce the expression of CYCLIN and Cyclin-dependent Kinase (CDK) genes during adventitious rooting. IAA was shown to be involved in SA-induced adventitious root formation in cucumber hypocotyls. Exposure to exogenous SA led to a slight increase in the free IAA content, and pre-treatment with the auxin transport inhibitor 1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) almost completely abolished the inducible effects of SA on adventitious root number. SA-induced IAA accumulation was also associated with the enhanced expression of Gretchen Hagen3.5 (CsGH3.5). The in vitro enzymatic assay indicated that CsGH3.5 has both IAA- and SA-amido synthetase activity and prefers aspartate (Asp) as the amino acid conjugate. The Asp concentration dictated the functional activity of CsGH3.5 on IAA. Both affinity and catalytic efficiency (Kcat/Km) increased when the Asp concentration increased from 0.3 to 1 mM. In contrast, CsGH3.5 showed equal catalytic efficiency for SA at low and high Asp concentrations. Furthermore, SA functioned as a competitive inhibitor of the IAA-Asp synthetase activity of CsGH3.5. During adventitious formation, SA application indeed repressed the IAA-Asp levels in the rooting zone. These data show that SA plays an inducible role in adventitious root formation in cucumber through competitive inhibition of the auxin conjugation enzyme CsGH3.5. SA reduces the IAA conjugate levels, thereby increasing the local free IAA level and ultimately enhancing adventitious root formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Juan Dong
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin-Yan Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Lu Xie
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Ling Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Mao Shang
- Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Nam BE, Park YJ, Gil KE, Kim JH, Kim JG, Park CM. Auxin mediates the touch-induced mechanical stimulation of adventitious root formation under windy conditions in Brachypodium distachyon. BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:335. [PMID: 32678030 PMCID: PMC7364541 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is widely perceived that mechanical or thigmomorphogenic stimuli, such as rubbing and bending by passing animals, wind, raindrop, and flooding, broadly influence plant growth and developmental patterning. In particular, wind-driven mechanical stimulation is known to induce the incidence of radial expansion and shorter and stockier statue. Wind stimulation also affects the adaptive propagation of the root system in various plant species. However, it is unknown how plants sense and transmit the wind-derived mechanical signals to launch appropriate responses, leading to the wind-adaptive root growth. RESULTS Here, we found that Brachypodium distachyon, a model grass widely used for studies on bioenergy crops and cereals, efficiently adapts to wind-mediated lodging stress by forming adventitious roots (ARs) from nonroot tissues. Experimental dissection of wind stimuli revealed that not bending of the mesocotyls but physical contact of the leaf nodes with soil particles triggers the transcriptional induction of a group of potential auxin-responsive genes encoding WUSCHEL RELATED HOMEOBOX and LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN transcription factors, which are likely to be involved in the induction of AR formation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings would contribute to further understanding molecular mechanisms governing the initiation and development of ARs, which will be applicable to crop agriculture in extreme wind climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Eun Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Eun Gil
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Ju-Heon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Chung-Mo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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Wang H, Xie Y, Liu W, Tao G, Sun C, Sun X, Zhang S. Transcription factor LkWOX4 is involved in adventitious root development in Larix kaempferi. Gene 2020; 758:144942. [PMID: 32640309 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
WUSCHEL-related homeobox4 (WOX4) plays important roles in vascular formation and adventitious root (AR) development. Here, we cloned the WOX4 from the AR of Larix kaempferi, whose cDNA is 1452 bp in length and encodes 483 amino acids. LkWOX4 is mainly expressed in the layer formation area of the stem at 10 days after cutting and its expression levels in the middles and ends of the ARs were higher than that in the AR tips. The fused protein LkWOX4-GFP localized in the nucleus. The heterologous overexpression of LkWOX4 in 84 K poplar significantly increased AR numbers and decreased AR lengths. In LkWOX4 plants, the endogenous jasmonic acid and abscisic acid contents significantly decreased in stems, while the auxin, jasmonic acid and abscisic acid contents significantly increased in ARs. RNA-Seq of those LkWOX4 overexpression poplar plants showed that the expression of plant hormone signaling genes (ARF2, ARF3, ARF7 and ARF18), rooting-related transcription factors (WOX5, LBD29 and SCR) and root development-related genes (CYCD3, GRF1 and TAA1) were affected. Moreover, we found that LkWOX4 interacts with LkPAT18, LkACBP6, and LkCIP7 using yeast two hybrid screening. Thus, we found LkWOX4 involves in the AR initiation and development, which might be regulated through the IAA, JA and ABA signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Gansu 741000, China
| | - Yunhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Wusheng Liu
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, USA
| | - Guiyun Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Chao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Shougong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
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25
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Zhai N, Xu L. CRE/LOX-based analysis of cell lineage during root formation and regeneration in Arabidopsis. aBIOTECH 2020; 1:153-6. [PMID: 36303570 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-020-00025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The root system of Arabidopsis thaliana comprises primary, lateral, and adventitious roots. Different types of roots are formed by diverse inductive cues and developmental programs. Here, we adopted the CRE/LOX system to trace cell lineage during the three types of root formation under the control of the promoter of WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX5. The results show that the cells forming adventitious roots during de novo root regeneration from detached leaves and lateral roots from the primary root are descendants of the WOX5-expressing root primordium. During the post-embryonic growth of the primary root, some vascular and root cap cells are descendants of the WOX5-expressing stem cell niche in the root apical meristem. Overall, our data suggest that the CRE/LOX system is a useful tool to trace cell lineage in different types of root organogenesis.
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Li YH, Mo YW, Wang SB, Zhang Z. Auxin efflux carriers, MiPINs, are involved in adventitious root formation of mango cotyledon segments. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 150:15-26. [PMID: 32105796 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious roots form only at the proximal cut surface (PCS) but not at the distal cut surface (DCS) of mango cotyledon segments. In this study, mango embryos treated with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) showed significantly increased adventitious root formation, while those treated with 2, 3, 5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) demonstrated complete inhibition of adventitious rooting. Mango embryos treated with auxin influx inhibitors demonstrated lower inhibition of adventitious roots than those treated with TIBA. The endogenous indol-3-acetic acid (IAA) content on the PCS and DCS was similar at 0 h, then increased on both surfaces after 6 h, and IAA content on the PCS were always higher than those on the DCS. We cloned three genes encoding auxin efflux carriers (i.e., MiPIN2-4) and examined their temporal and spatial expression patterns under different treatments. Relative expression of all MiPINs studied was very low at 0 h but significantly increased on both PCS and DCS from 1 d to 10 d, to varying degrees. We overexpressed MiPIN1-4 in Arabidopsis plants and found a significant increase in adventitious root quantity in MiPIN1 and MiPIN3 transgenic lines. Immunofluorescence results showed that MiPIN1 and MiPIN3 are primarily localized in the vascular tissues and the cells adjacent to abaxial surface. In conclusion, we propose that in mango cotyledon segments, wounding stimulates IAA biosynthesis, the transcription levels of PIN genes were significantly increased in different magnitudes on the PCS and DCS, resulting in polar IAA transport from the DCS to PCS via the vascular tissues, thereby triggering adventitious root formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-He Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524091, China.
| | - Yi-Wei Mo
- College of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Song-Biao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524091, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524091, China
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Zhou Y, Jiao Y, Sun Y, Gao S. In vitro production and distribution of flavonoids in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. J Food Sci Technol 2020; 57:1553-64. [PMID: 32180652 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04191-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. is known as a common Chinese medicinal herb used to harmonize the effects of other ingredients in most Chinese herbal prescriptions. The rapid production of flavonoids in vitro remains unknown in G. uralensis Fisch. To investigate the in vitro adventitious root regeneration and flavonoid accumulation characteristics in G. uralensis for restrictions on collecting wild plants, suspension cultural and freezing microtomy with histochemical assays were carried out. We reported that multiple adventitious roots were initiated from hypocotyls and stems of G. uralensis. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was more conducive than NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid) in inducing G. uralensis adventitious roots, but the addition of 6-BA (6-benzylaminopurine) and KT (kinetin) suppressed the formation of adventitious roots. While the concentration of IBA was 1.0 mg L-1, the flavonoid content and yield were the highest at 19.96 mg g-1 and 1.23 mg g-1, respectively. The optimum medium for adventitious root induction was 1/4-strength Murashige and Skoog's medium containing 0.1 mg L-1 IBA. The content of flavonoids in adventitious roots and apicals cultured in vitro was higher than that in suspension callus, reaching 3.87 times the callus flavonoid content. The histochemical localization of flavonoids showed that G. uralensis flavonoids mainly distributed in the epidermal parenchyma cells of the callus outer layers and gradually accumulated in cell wall and cell gaps of the epidermis and endodermis of adventitious roots along with the primary growth of adventitious roots, indicating that there were no flavonoids in the roots at the early stage of adventitious roots formation. The results showed that calli inducing adventitious roots and apicals for 30 days obtained the highest yield of flavonoid, indicating effective production for flavonoids instead of wild culture. AlCl3 ethanol solution was better than NaOH aqueous solution in terms of chromogenic and localization effects. We concluded that the highest yield of flavonoid and effective production for flavonoid instead of wild culture could be obtained from calli inducing adventitious roots and apicals.
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Xie T, Ji J, Chen W, Yue J, Du C, Sun J, Chen L, Jiang Z, Shi S. GABA negatively regulates adventitious root development in poplar. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:1459-1474. [PMID: 31740934 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) influences plant growth, but little is known about how this metabolite regulates adventitious root (AR) development. Here, we investigate the effects of GABA on ARs using poplar lines overexpressing glutamate decarboxilase 2 (GAD2) and by treating poplar stem cuttings with exogenous GABA or vigabatrin (VGB; a specific GABA transaminase inhibitor). Endogenous GABA accumulation not only inhibited AR growth, but it also suppressed or delayed AR formation. Anatomical observations revealed that the GABA and VGB treatments resulted in a 1 d delay in the formation of AR primordia and the appearance of ARs. This delay coincided with changes in primary metabolism, including transient increases in hexose and amino acid levels. GABA-dependent changes in the expression of genes related to hormone synthesis and signalling, as well as analysis of hormone levels revealed that ethylene-dependent pathways were decreased at the earliest stage of AR formation. In contrast, auxin and abscisic acid were increased at 1-5 d as well as GA4 over a 5 d period of AR formation. These results demonstrate that GABA plays a crucial role in AR development. Evidence is presented demonstrating that GABA can interact with hormone-related pathways as well as carbon/nitrogen metabolism. These findings also elucidate the functions of GABA in plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyun Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Changjian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Lanzhen Chen
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Risk Assessment Laboratory for Bee Products, Quality and Safety of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zeping Jiang
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Shengqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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Yu J, Zhai N, Xu L, Liu W. Method to Study Gene Expression Patterns During De Novo Root Regeneration from Arabidopsis Leaf Explants. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2094:31-8. [PMID: 31797288 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0183-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
De novo root regeneration (DNRR) is the process in which adventitious roots are regenerated from damaged plant tissues or organs. We have developed a simple DNRR system in which adventitious roots are formed from detached leaf explants of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) on B5 medium without external hormones. In this chapter, we introduce the methods used to observe gene expression patterns during rooting from leaf explants. Usually, β-glucuronidase (GUS) staining is used to visualize gene expression patterns, since fluorescent proteins are difficult to observe because of the high autofluorescence in leaf explants. Here, we describe the use of the ClearSee technique with Congo red staining for deep imaging to observe fluorescent proteins. This method diminishes autofluorescence in leaf explants and preserves the stability of fluorescent proteins, thus allowing us to investigate the endogenous molecular actions guiding DNRR.
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30
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Guan L, Tayengwa R, Cheng ZM, Peer WA, Murphy AS, Zhao M. Auxin regulates adventitious root formation in tomato cuttings. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:435. [PMID: 31638898 PMCID: PMC6802334 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adventitious root (AR) formation is a critical developmental process in cutting propagation for the horticultural industry. While auxin has been shown to regulate this process, the exact mechanism and details preceding AR formation remain unclear. Even though AR and lateral root (LR) formation share common developmental processes, there are exist some differences that need to be closely examined at the cytological level. Tomato stem cuttings, which readily form adventitious roots, represent the perfect system to study the influence of auxin on AR formation and to compare AR and LR organogenesis. RESULTS Here we show the progression by which AR form from founder cells in the basal pericycle cell layers in tomato stem cuttings. The first disordered clumps of cells assumed a dome shape that later differentiated into functional AR cell layers. Further growth resulted in emergence of mature AR through the epidermis following programmed cell death of epidermal cells. Auxin and ethylene levels increased in the basal stem cutting within 1 h. Tomato lines expressing the auxin response element DR5pro:YFP showed an increase in auxin distribution during the AR initiation phase, and was mainly concentrated in the meristematic cells of the developing AR. Treatment of stem cuttings with auxin, increased the number of AR primordia and the length of AR, while stem cuttings treated with the pre-emergent herbicide/auxin transport inhibitor N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) occasionally developed thick, agravitropic AR. Hormone profile analyses showed that auxin positively regulated AR formation, whereas perturbations to zeatin, salicylic acid, and abscisic acid homeostasis suggested minor roles during tomato stem rooting. The gene expression of specific auxin transporters increased during specific developmental phases of AR formation. CONCLUSION These data show that AR formation in tomato stems is a complex process. Upon perception of a wounding stimulus, expression of auxin transporter genes and accumulation of auxin at founder cell initiation sites in pericycle cell layers and later in the meristematic cells of the AR primordia were observed. A clear understanding and documentation of these events in tomato is critical to resolve AR formation in recalcitrant species like hardwoods and improve stem cutting propagation efficiency and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Guan
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic improvement, Nanjing, 210014, China
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Reuben Tayengwa
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Zongming Max Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Wendy Ann Peer
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Agriculture Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Angus S Murphy
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Agriculture Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Mizhen Zhao
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic improvement, Nanjing, 210014, China
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Xu X, Wang K, Pan J, Chen X. Small RNA sequencing identifies cucumber miRNA roles in waterlogging-triggered adventitious root primordia formation. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:6381-6389. [PMID: 31538299 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The formation of adventitious roots (ARs) is a key morphological adaptation of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) to waterlogging stress. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a group of non-coding small RNAs (sRNA) that play crucial roles in regulating diverse biological processes, including waterlogging acclimation. However, which specific miRNAs and how they are involved in waterlogging-triggered de novo AR primordia formation are not fully known. Here, Illumina sRNA sequencing was applied to sequence six sRNA libraries generated from the waterlogging-tolerant cucumber Zaoer-N after 48 h of waterlogging and the control. A total of 358 cucumber miRNAs, 312 known and 46 novel, were obtained. Among them, 23 were differentially expressed, with 10 and 13 being up- and downregulated, respectively. A qPCR expression study confirmed that the identified differentially expressed miRNAs were credible. A total of 657 putative miRNA target genes were predicted for the 23 miRNAs using an in silico approach. A gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that target genes functioning in cell redox homeostasis, cytoskeleton, photosynthesis and cell growth were over-represented. In total, 58 of the 657 target genes showed inverse expression patterns compared with their respective miRNAs through a combined analysis of sRNA- and RNA-sequencing-based transcriptome datasets using the same experimental design. The target gene annotation included a peroxidase, a GDSL esterases/lipase and two heavy metal-associated isoprenylated plant proteins. Our results provide an important framework for understanding the unique miRNA patterns seen in responses to waterlogging and the miRNA-mediated formation of de novo AR primordia in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Xu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawei Pan
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuehao Chen
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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32
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Tian W, Piao XM, Yin CR, Jiang XL, Sun HD, An XL, Jiang J, Lian ML. Adventitious root cultures of Oplopanax elatus inhibit LPS-induced inflammation via suppressing MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2019; 55:766-75. [PMID: 31529418 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-019-00396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Bioreactor-cultured adventitious roots (ARs) of the endangered medicinal plant Oplopanax elatus Nakai is a novel alternative plant material. To utilize ARs in the product production, the present study investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of O. elatus ARs. In the in vivo experiment, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury disease model was established and several inflammatory indexes were determined. For the LPS-stimulated mice, after pretreatment of AR crude extract (200 mg/kg), cell infiltration in lungs was decreased, the production of proinflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6, and 1β in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was evidently reduced, which indicated that O. elatus ARs had an anti-inflammatory effect. In the in vitro experiment, ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions (12.5, 25, and 50 μg/mL) were used to treat LPS-induced peritoneal macrophages (PMs) of mice. The production of NO, prostaglandin E2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated PMs was obviously inhibited (p < 0.05) after pretreatment with EtOAc fractions, and the expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase were also suppressed. To clarify the anti-inflammatory mechanism, effects of EtOAc fraction on changes of proteins related to the pathways of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were investigated. The phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases, c-jun n-terminal kinase, and p38 MAPK in LPS-induced PMs was inhibited after pretreatment of EtOAc fractions. In addition, EtOAc fractions enhanced inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B-α expression and decreased nuclear translocation of p65 NF-κB. Thus, EtOAc from O. elatus ARs is involved in regulating MAKP and NF-κB signaling pathways to inhibit LPS-induced inflammation.
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Li K, Liu Z, Xing L, Wei Y, Mao J, Meng Y, Bao L, Han M, Zhao C, Zhang D. miRNAs associated with auxin signaling, stress response, and cellular activities mediate adventitious root formation in apple rootstocks. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 139:66-81. [PMID: 30878839 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious root (AR) formation is essential for the vegetative propagation of apple rootstocks. miRNAs play a significant role in regulating AR development, however, large-scale transcriptomic data on miRNA mediated AR formation in apple rootstocks is lacking. Therefore, in order to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying AR formation in 'M9-T337' apple rootstocks, transcriptomic changes occurring during key time points of AR formation (0, 3, and 16 days) were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing with a focus on miRNAs. A total of 84 known miRNAs and 56 novel miRNAs have differentially expressed were identified. Additionally, a total of 88 target genes of known miRNAs and 76 target genes of novel miRNAs were identified by degradome sequencing. The expression levels of the miRNAs and target genes were quantified by RT-qPCR. Results indicate that miRNAs and their target genes are associated with auxin signal-related (miR160 and miR390), stress response-related (miR398, miR395 and miR408), cell fate transformation-, proliferation- and enlargement-related (miR171, miR156, miR166, miR319 and miR396). These all involve pathways that participate in AR formation in 'M9-T337' apple rootstock. In addition, hormones (AUX, CTK, GA3, BR, JA, and ABA) are also involved in regulating AR formation. The candidate genes belonging to pathways associated with AR formation exhibited significantly higher expression levels, providing evidence that they may be involved in the regulation of AR development. The collective results of the present study indicate that the developmental process associated with AR formation in apple rootstock is extremely complex. The known and novel miRNAs and target genes that were identified by high-throughput and degradome sequencing, respectively, provide a framework for the future analysis of miRNAs associated with AR development in apple rootstocks, and provide new information that can be used to better understand AR development in woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Horticulture College, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Horticulture College, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Libo Xing
- Department of Horticulture College, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Yanhong Wei
- Department of Horticulture College, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Jiangping Mao
- Department of Horticulture College, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Yuan Meng
- Department of Horticulture College, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Lu Bao
- Department of Horticulture College, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Mingyu Han
- Department of Horticulture College, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Caiping Zhao
- Department of Horticulture College, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Horticulture College, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Jiang X, He J, Cheng P, Xiang Z, Zhou H, Wang R, Shen W. Methane Control of Adventitious Rooting Requires γ-Glutamyl Cysteine Synthetase-Mediated Glutathione Homeostasis. Plant Cell Physiol 2019; 60:802-815. [PMID: 30590760 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Although the key role of methane (CH4) in the induction of cucumber adventitious rooting has been observed previously, the target molecules downstream of the CH4 action are yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we reported that exogenous glutathione (GSH) induced cucumber adventitious root formation; while l-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) treatment inhibited it. BSO is a known inhibitor of γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (γ-ECS), an enzyme involved in GSH biosynthesis. Further investigations showed that endogenous GSH content was rapidly increased by CH4 application, which was correlated with the increased CsGSH1 transcript and γ-ECS activity. Mimicking the responses of GSH, CH4 could upregulate cell cycle regulatory genes (CsCDC6, CsCDPK1, CsCDPK5 and CsDNAJ-1) and auxin-response genes (CsAux22D-like and CsAux22B-like). Meanwhile, adventitious rooting-related CsmiR160 and CsmiR167 were increased or decreased, respectively, and contrasting tendencies were observed in the changes of their target genes, that included CsARF17 and CsARF8. The responses above were impaired by the removal of endogenous GSH with BSO, indicating that CH4-triggered adventitious rooting was GSH-dependent. Genetic evidence revealed that in the presence of CH4, Arabidopsis mutants cad2 (a γ-ECS-defective mutant) exhibited, not only the decreased GSH content in vivo, but also the defects in adventitious root formation, both of which were rescued by GSH administration other than CH4. Together, it can be concluded that γ-ECS-dependent GSH homeostasis might be required for CH4-induced adventitious root formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xumin Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie He
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixin Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ren Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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35
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Libao C, Huiying L, Yuyan H, Shuyan L. Transcriptome analysis of miRNAs expression reveals novel insights into adventitious root formation in lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.). Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:2893-905. [PMID: 30864113 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04749-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA)-regulated gene expression plays an important role in various plant metabolic processes. Although adventitious roots are critical to plant growth in lotus, the role of miRNA in AR formation remains unclear. Expression profiling of miRNAs was carried out during three different developmental stages of ARs in lotus: no induction of AR stage, initial stage of ARs, and maximum number of ARs. These data are referenced with the whole lotus genome as already identified through high-throughput tag-sequencing. 1.3 × 107 tags were achieved, of which 11,035,798, 11,436,062, and 12,542,392 clean tags were obtained from each stage, respectively. miRNA analysis revealed that miRNAs were less than 10% among all small RNAs. In total, 310 miRNAs (240 up-regulated and 70 down-regulated miRNAs) exhibited expression changes from the no induction stage to the initial stage. Moreover, expression of 140 miRNAs was increased and that of 123 miRNAs was decreased between the initial and maximum AR stages, mostly by ~ - 4-4-fold. miRNAs involved in metabolic pathways differed between the initial stage/no induction stage and the maximum number stage/initial stage. Several miRNAs in the initial stage/no induction stage were related to plant hormone metabolism and pyruvate and MAPK pathways, while major miRNAs in the maximum number stage/initial stage were involved in carbohydrate metabolism. All differentially expressed miRNAs associated with AR formation from the initial stage to maximum stage were also analyzed. The expression of 16 miRNAs was determined using qRT-PCR. This work provides a general insight into miRNA regulation during AR formation in lotus.
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36
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Aliaga Fandino AC, Kim H, Rademaker JD, Lee JY. Reprogramming of the cambium regulators during adventitious root development upon wounding of storage tap roots in radish ( Raphanus sativus L.). Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.039677. [PMID: 30787007 PMCID: PMC6451342 DOI: 10.1242/bio.039677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cambium contains a stem cell population that produces xylem and phloem tissues in a radial direction during the secondary growth stage. The growth of many storage roots, including in the radish, Raphanus sativus L., also depends on cambium. Interestingly, we observed numerous adventitious roots (ARs) emerging from the cambia of cut surfaces when the bases of radish storage tap roots were removed. Previous studies in Arabidopsis showed that the WOX11/12 pathway regulates AR initiation and meristem establishment in an auxin-dependent manner. Here, we provide evidence indicating the evolutionary conservation of the WOX11/12 pathway during the AR development in radishes. Additionally, we found that expression of two cambium regulators, PXY and WOX4, is induced in the cambium regions that are connected to emerging ARs via vascularization. Both AR formation and genes associated with this were induced by exogenous auxin. Our research suggests that some key cambium regulators might be reprogrammed to aid in the AR development in concert with the WOX11/12 pathway.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cecilia Aliaga Fandino
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoujin Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jesse David Rademaker
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Behavioural Biology, University Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584CH, The Netherlands
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea .,Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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37
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Eysholdt‐Derzsó E, Sauter M. Hypoxia and the group VII ethylene response transcription factor HRE2 promote adventitious root elongation in Arabidopsis. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2019; 21 Suppl 1:103-108. [PMID: 29996004 PMCID: PMC6585952 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil water-logging and flooding are common environmental stress conditions that can impair plant fitness. Roots are the first organs to be confronted with reduced oxygen tension as a result of flooding. While anatomical and morphological adaptations of roots are extensively studied, the root system architecture is only now becoming a focus of flooding research. Adventitious root (AR) formation shifts the root system higher up the plant, thereby facilitating supply with oxygen, and thus improving root and plant survival. We used Arabidopsis knockout mutants and overexpressors of ERFVII transcription factors to study their role in AR formation under hypoxic conditions and in response to ethylene. Results show that ethylene inhibits AR formation. Hypoxia mainly promotes AR elongation rather than formation mediated by ERFVII transcription factors, as indicated by reduced AR elongation in erfVII seedlings. Overexpression of HRE2 induces AR elongation to the same degree as hypoxia, while ethylene overrides HRE2-induced AR elongation. The ERFVII transcription factors promote establishment of an AR system that is under negative control by ethylene. Inhibition of growth of the main root system and promotion of AR elongation under hypoxia strengthens the root system in upper soil layers where oxygen shortage may last for shorter time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Eysholdt‐Derzsó
- Plant Developmental Biology and Plant PhysiologyUniversity of KielKielGermany
| | - M. Sauter
- Plant Developmental Biology and Plant PhysiologyUniversity of KielKielGermany
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Wang H, Li K, Sun X, Xie Y, Han X, Zhang S. Isolation and characterization of larch BABY BOOM2 and its regulation of adventitious root development. Gene 2018; 690:90-98. [PMID: 30597235 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The BABY BOOM2 gene, designated LkBBM2, and its promoter were isolated from hybrid larch (Larix kaempferi × L. olgensis). The open reading frame of LkBBM2 was 2574 bp, encoding 857 amino acids. The LkBBM2 protein contains two AP2 DNA binding domains and a BBM specific motif, but lacks the euANT5 motif common to AP2 family members. The LkBBM2 promoter contains several hormone response and root-specific expression elements. LkBBM2 expression was significantly higher in larch adventitious roots (ARs) than in stems, leaves or stem tips, and increased after auxin treatment. The fused protein LkBBM2-GFP was localized in both the nucleus and cytoplasm whereas LkBBM1-GFP was only localized in the nucleus. Over-expression of LkBBM2 and LkBBM1 in Arabidopsis significantly elongated the roots. Furthermore, over-expression those two genes in the hybrid poplar (Populus alba × P. glandulosa) significantly increased ARs number. We speculated that these two genes regulate AR development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Rd., Beijing 100091, PR China; Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Rd., Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Kuipeng Li
- Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, No.23, Yongwu Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi Province, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Rd., Beijing 100091, PR China; Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Rd., Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Yunhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Rd., Beijing 100091, PR China; Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Rd., Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Xuemin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Rd., Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Shougong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Rd., Beijing 100091, PR China; Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Rd., Beijing 100091, PR China.
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Li SW, Zeng XY, Leng Y, Feng L, Kang XH. Indole-3-butyric acid mediates antioxidative defense systems to promote adventitious rooting in mung bean seedlings under cadmium and drought stresses. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 161:332-341. [PMID: 29890434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In vitro experiments were performed to determine whether auxin can mediate the formation of adventitious roots in response to heavy metal and drought stresses using a model rooting plant, mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]. The treatments with CdCl2 or mannitol alone significantly inhibited the formation and growth of adventitious roots in mung bean seedlings. In contrast, when CdCl2 or mannitol was applied together with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), IBA considerably cancelled the inhibition of adventitious rooting by stresses. Treatment with CdCl2 or mannitol alone significantly increased the soluble protein and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. CdCl2 and mannitol stress each induced differentially significant changes in the activities of antioxidative enzyme and antioxidant levels during adventitious rooting. Notably, both CdCl2 and mannitol stress strongly reduced the peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities and glutathione (GSH) and phenols levels. Catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were enhanced by CdCl2 but reduced by mannitol. CdCl2 increased the ascorbate acid (ASA) level, which was decreased by mannitol. Furthermore, when CdCl2 or mannitol was applied together with IBA, IBA counteracted the CdCl2- or mannitol-induced increase or decrease in certain antioxidants, MDA, and antioxidative enzymes. These results suggest that Cd and mannitol stress inhibition of adventitious rooting is associated with the regulation of antioxidative enzymes and antioxidants in cells to defense the oxidative stress. Moreover, IBA alleviates the effects of Cd and mannitol stress on the rooting process partially through the regulation of antioxidative defense systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Weng Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Zeng
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yan Leng
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Lin Feng
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiao-Hu Kang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
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40
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Kou N, Xiang Z, Cui W, Li L, Shen W. Hydrogen sulfide acts downstream of methane to induce cucumber adventitious root development. J Plant Physiol 2018; 228:113-120. [PMID: 29890390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous results have shown that hydrogen sulfide (H2S), mainly catalyzed by l-cysteine desulfhydrase (DES) in plants, triggers adventitious rooting. The objective of this study was to test whether H2S is involved in methane (CH4)-induced adventitious root development in cucumber explants. First, we observed that the activities of DES, endogenous H2S production, and thereafter adventitious root development were induced by CH4 and NaHS (an H2S donor). Some responses were sensitive to hypotaurine (HT; a scavenger of H2S), showing that endogenous H2S production and adventitious rooting were obviously blocked. The development of adventitious root primordia was also impaired. Further molecular evidence revealed that CH4-induced gene expression of CsDNAJ-1, CsCDPK1, CsCDPK5, CsCDC6 (a cell-division-related gene), CsAux22D-like, and CsAux22B-like (two auxin-signaling genes), several molecular markers responsible for adventitious rooting, were blocked by the co-treatment with HT. The occurrence of CH4-elicited S-sulfhydration during the above responses was also sensitive to the removal of endogenous H2S, suggesting the requirement of H2S. Taken together, our results reveal a vital role of endogenous H2S in CH4-triggered cucumber adventitious root development, and thus provide a comprehensive window into the complex signaling transduction pathway in CH4-mediated root organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninghai Kou
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhixin Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weiti Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Longna Li
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Li F, Sun C, Li X, Yu X, Luo C, Shen Y, Qu S. The effect of graphene oxide on adventitious root formation and growth in apple. Plant Physiol Biochem 2018; 129:122-129. [PMID: 29870863 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, a new type of nanomaterial, has unique physical properties and important potential biological applications. However, few studies have been conducted on the environmental impact of graphene. Therefore, to explore the effect of graphene on plants, three-week-old, tissue-cultured 'Gala' apple plants (Malus domestica) were treated with different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 10 mg/L) of graphene oxide (GO) and examined after 40 days. Results indicated that adventitious root length, moisture content and the number of lateral roots were all inhibited by 0.1-10 mg/L GO. At 0.1 and 1 mg/L GO, however, the number of adventitious roots and the rooting rate exhibited a significant increase, relative to the control (no GO). Treatment with GO increased the activities of oxidative stress enzymes including catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the apple plants, relative to controls. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also significantly decreased at 10 mg/L GO. Treatment of apple plantlets with 0.1 mg/L GO increased the transcript abundance of auxin efflux carrier (PIN7, ABCB1) genes and auxin influx carrier (LAX2, LAX3) genes but inhibited the transcript levels of the ARR3 gene, which involved in cytokinin biosynthesis. Additionally, the transcript levels of ARRO1, ARF19, and TTG1, which play roles in the formation of adventitious roots, lateral roots, and root hairs, respectively, were all decreased in response to treatment with 1 and 10 mg/L GO. Collectively, the results indicate that treatment of 'Gala' apple plants with 0.1 mg/L GO had a positive effect on root formation but a negative effect on root growth. This response may be related to the negative impact of GO on cellular structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihong Li
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Xuehan Li
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Xinyi Yu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Chao Luo
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Yanying Shen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Shenchun Qu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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Liu W, Yu J, Ge Y, Qin P, Xu L. Pivotal role of LBD16 in root and root-like organ initiation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3329-38. [PMID: 29943076 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2861-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the post-embryonic stage of Arabidopsis thaliana, roots can be initiated from the vascular region of the existing roots or non-root organs; they are designated as lateral roots (LRs) and adventitious roots (ARs), respectively. Some root-like organs can also be initiated from the vasculature. In tissue culture, auxin-induced callus, which is a group of pluripotent root-primordium-like cells, is formed via the rooting pathway. The formation of feeding structures from the vasculature induced by root-knot nematodes also borrows the rooting pathway. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent progress on the role of LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN16 (LBD16; also known as ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2-LIKE18, ASL18), a member of the LBD/ASL gene family encoding plant-specific transcription factors, in roots and root-like organ initiation. Different root and root-like organ initiation processes have distinct priming mechanisms to specify founder cells. All these priming mechanisms converge to activate LBD16 expression in the primed founder cells. The activation of LBD16 expression leads to organ initiation via promotion of cell division and establishment of root-primordium identity. Therefore, LBD16 might play a common and pivotal role in root and root-like organ initiation.
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Miao GP, Han J, Zhang JF, Zhu CS, Zhang X. A MDR transporter contributes to the different extracellular production of sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids between adventitious root and hairy root liquid cultures of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f. Plant Mol Biol 2017; 95:51-62. [PMID: 28733871 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
TwMDR1 transports sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids, wilforine and wilforgine, into the hairy roots of T. wilfordii Hook.f. resulting in low secretion ratio of alkaloids. Hairy roots (HRs) exhibit high growth rate and biochemical and genetic stability. However, varying secondary metabolites in HR liquid cultures mainly remain in root tissues, and this condition may affect cell growth and cause inconvenience in downstream extraction. Studies pay less attention to adventitious root (AR) liquid cultures though release ratio of some metabolites in AR liquid cultures is significantly higher than that of HR. In Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f., release ratio of wilforine in AR liquid cultures reached 92.75 and 13.32% in HR on day 15 of culture. To explore potential roles of transporters in this phenomenon, we cloned and functionally identified a multidrug resistance (MDR) transporter, TwMDR1, which shows high expression levels in HRs and is correlated to transmembrane transportation of alkaloids. Nicotiana tabacum cells with overexpressed TwMDR1 efficiently transported wilforine and wilforgine in an inward direction. To further prove the feasibility of genetically engineered TwMDR1 and improve alkaloid production, we performed a transient RNAi experiment on TwMDR1 in T. wilfordii Hook.f. suspension cells. Results indicated that release ratios of wilforine and wilforgine increased by 1.94- and 1.64-folds compared with that of the control group, respectively. This study provides bases for future studies that aim at increasing secretion ratios of alkaloids in root liquid cultures in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Peng Miao
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, 232038, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Han
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, 232038, Anhui, China
| | - Ji-Feng Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, 232038, Anhui, China
| | - Chuan-Shu Zhu
- Research & Development Center of Biorational Pesticides, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xing Zhang
- Research & Development Center of Biorational Pesticides, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Sheng L, Hu X, Du Y, Zhang G, Huang H, Scheres B, Xu L. Non-canonical WOX11-mediated root branching contributes to plasticity in Arabidopsis root system architecture. Development 2017; 144:3126-3133. [PMID: 28743799 PMCID: PMC5611959 DOI: 10.1242/dev.152132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lateral roots (LRs), which originate from the growing root, and adventitious roots (ARs), which are formed from non-root organs, are the main contributors to the post-embryonic root system in Arabidopsis. However, our knowledge of how formation of the root system is altered in response to diverse inductive cues is limited. Here, we show that WOX11 contributes to root system plasticity. When seedlings are grown vertically on medium, WOX11 is not expressed in LR founder cells. During AR initiation, WOX11 is expressed in AR founder cells and activates LBD16. LBD16 also functions in LR formation and is activated in that context by ARF7/19 and not by WOX11. This indicates that divergent initial processes that lead to ARs and LRs may converge on a similar mechanism for primordium development. Furthermore, we demonstrated that when plants are grown in soil or upon wounding on medium, the primary root is able to produce both WOX11-mediated and non-WOX11-mediated roots. The discovery of WOX11-mediated root-derived roots reveals a previously uncharacterized pathway that confers plasticity during the generation of root system architecture in response to different inductive cues. Summary: Root system development can respond flexibly to developmental and environmental cues by utilizing WOX11-mediated and non-WOX11-mediated pathways, which converge on a common mechanism for primordium development involving LBD16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Sheng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaomei Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yujuan Du
- Plant Developmental Biology Group, Wageningen University Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guifang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hai Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ben Scheres
- Plant Developmental Biology Group, Wageningen University Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lin Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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Li YH, Zhang HN, Wu QS, Muday GK. Transcriptional sequencing and analysis of major genes involved in the adventitious root formation of mango cotyledon segments. Planta 2017; 245:1193-1213. [PMID: 28303391 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2677-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A total of 74,745 unigenes were generated and 1975 DEGs were identified. Candidate genes that may be involved in the adventitious root formation of mango cotyledon segment were revealed. Adventitious root formation is a crucial step in plant vegetative propagation, but the molecular mechanism of adventitious root formation remains unclear. Adventitious roots formed only at the proximal cut surface (PCS) of mango cotyledon segments, whereas no roots were formed on the opposite, distal cut surface (DCS). To identify the transcript abundance changes linked to adventitious root development, RNA was isolated from PCS and DCS at 0, 4 and 7 days after culture, respectively. Illumina sequencing of libraries generated from these samples yielded 62.36 Gb high-quality reads that were assembled into 74,745 unigenes with an average sequence length of 807 base pairs, and 33,252 of the assembled unigenes at least had homologs in one of the public databases. Comparative analysis of these transcriptome databases revealed that between the different time points at PCS there were 1966 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), while there were only 51 DEGs for the PCS vs. DCS when time-matched samples were compared. Of these DEGs, 1636 were assigned to gene ontology (GO) classes, the majority of that was involved in cellular processes, metabolic processes and single-organism processes. Candidate genes that may be involved in the adventitious root formation of mango cotyledon segment are predicted to encode polar auxin transport carriers, auxin-regulated proteins, cell wall remodeling enzymes and ethylene-related proteins. In order to validate RNA-sequencing results, we further analyzed the expression profiles of 20 genes by quantitative real-time PCR. This study expands the transcriptome information for Mangifera indica and identifies candidate genes involved in adventitious root formation in cotyledon segments of mango.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-He Li
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Huxiu Road, Zhanjiang, 524091, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524091, China.
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA.
| | - Hong-Na Zhang
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Huxiu Road, Zhanjiang, 524091, China
| | - Qing-Song Wu
- South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Huxiu Road, Zhanjiang, 524091, China
| | - Gloria K Muday
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
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Joshi M, Fogelman E, Belausov E, Ginzberg I. Potato root system development and factors that determine its architecture. J Plant Physiol 2016; 205:113-123. [PMID: 27669493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The potato root system is often characterized as shallow and inefficient, with poor ability to extract water and minerals from the soil. Potato root system architecture (RSA) refers to its 3-dimensional structure as determined by adventitious root (AR) growth and branching through lateral roots (LR). Understanding how the root system develops holds potential to increase plant yield and optimize agricultural land use. Root system development was monitored in greenhouse-grown potato while a root-on-a-plate assay was developed to explore factors that affect AR and LR development. Expression study of LR-related genes was conducted. Transgenic plants carrying DR5:GFP and CycB1:GUS reporter genes were used to monitor auxin signaling and cell division during root primordia formation, respectively. Maximum root development occurred mainly during the 6-week post seed-tuber planting and slowed during the onset of tuberization. AR and LR development was coordinated - a positive correlation was found between the length of AR and LR and between LR length and number. The expression of LR-related genes was higher in LR than in AR. High nitrate levels reduced LR number and length, however ablation of root-cap by high temperature (33°C) or cutting resulted with enhanced formation of LR. Growth conditions affect AR and LR development in potato, determining the final architecture of its root system. The overall results indicate that LR formation in potato follows similar pattern as in model plants, facilitating study and manipulation of its RSA to improve soil exploitation and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Joshi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Edna Fogelman
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Idit Ginzberg
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Lin Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Zhi Juan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xian Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
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Ribeiro CL, Silva CM, Drost DR, Novaes E, Novaes CRDB, Dervinis C, Kirst M. Integration of genetic, genomic and transcriptomic information identifies putative regulators of adventitious root formation in Populus. BMC Plant Biol 2016; 16:66. [PMID: 26983547 PMCID: PMC4793515 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0753-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adventitious roots (AR) develop from tissues other than the primary root, in a process physiologically regulated by phytohormones. Adventitious roots provide structural support and contribute to water and nutrient absorption, and are critical for commercial vegetative propagation of several crops. Here we quantified the number of AR, root architectural traits and root biomass in cuttings from a pseudo-backcross population of Populus deltoides and Populus trichocarpa. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and whole-transcriptome analysis of individuals with alternative QTL alleles for AR number were used to identify putative regulators of AR development. RESULTS Parental individuals and progeny showed extensive segregation for AR developmental traits. Quantitative trait loci for number of AR mapped consistently in the same interval of linkage group (LG) II and LG XIV, explaining 7-10 % of the phenotypic variation. A time series transcriptome analysis identified 26,121 genes differentially expressed during AR development, particularly during the first 24 h after cuttings were harvested. Of those, 1929 genes were differentially regulated between individuals carrying alternative alleles for the two QTL for number of AR, in one or more time point. Eighty-one of these genes were physically located within the QTL intervals for number of AR, including putative homologs of the Arabidopsis genes SUPERROOT2 (SUR2) and TRYPTOPHAN SYNTHASE ALPHA CHAIN (TSA1), both of which are involved in the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests the involvement of two genes of the tryptophan-dependent auxin biosynthesis pathway, SUR2 and TSA1, in the regulation of a critical trait for the clonal propagation of woody species. A possible model for this regulation is that poplar individuals that have poor AR formation synthesize auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) primarily through the tryptophan (Trp) pathway. Much of the Trp pathway flux appears to be directed to the synthesis of indole glucosinolates (IG), as suggested by the over-expression of SUR2. Individuals that are efficient in AR formation may utilize alternative (non-Trp) pathways to synthesize IAA, based on the observation that they down-regulate the expression of TSA1, one of the critical steps in the synthesis of tryptophan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia L. Ribeiro
- />School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- />Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110690, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- />Present Address: Monsanto Company, 700 Chesterfield Pkwy W, Chesterfield, MO 63017 USA
| | - Cynthia M. Silva
- />School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Derek R. Drost
- />School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- />Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110690, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- />Present Address: Seminis, Inc., 37437 State Highway 16, Woodland, CA 95695 USA
| | - Evandro Novaes
- />School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- />Present Address: Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av. Esperança s/n°, Goiânia, GO 74001-970 Brazil
| | - Carolina R. D. B. Novaes
- />School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- />Present Address: Universidade Federal de Goiás, Av. Esperança s/n°, Goiânia, GO 74001-970 Brazil
| | - Christopher Dervinis
- />School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Matias Kirst
- />School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110410, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- />Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110690, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- />University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, P.O. Box 103610, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
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Wang DM, Xu HH, Xue JZ, Wang Q, Liu L. Leaf evolution in early-diverging ferns: insights from a new fern-like plant from the Late Devonian of China. Ann Bot 2015; 115:1133-1148. [PMID: 25979918 PMCID: PMC4648459 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS With the exception of angiosperms, the main euphyllophyte lineages (i.e. ferns sensu lato, progymnosperms and gymnosperms) had evolved laminate leaves by the Late Devonian. The evolution of laminate leaves, however, remains unclear for early-diverging ferns, largely represented by fern-like plants. This study presents a novel fern-like taxon with pinnules, which provides new insights into the early evolution of laminate leaves in early-diverging ferns. METHODS Macrofossil specimens were collected from the Upper Devonian (Famennian) Wutong Formation of Anhui and Jiangsu Provinces, South China. A standard degagement technique was employed to uncover compressed plant portions within the rock matrix. KEY RESULTS A new fern-like taxon, SHOUGANGIA BELLA GEN ET SP NOV: , is described and represents an early-diverging fern with highly derived features. It has a partially creeping stem with adventitious roots only on one side, upright primary and secondary branches arranged in helices, tertiary branches borne alternately or (sub)oppositely, laminate and usually lobed leaves with divergent veins, and complex fertile organs terminating tertiary branches and possessing multiple divisions and numerous terminal sporangia. CONCLUSIONS Shougangia bella provides unequivocal fossil evidence for laminate leaves in early-diverging ferns. It suggests that fern-like plants, along with other euphyllophyte lineages, had independently evolved megaphylls by the Late Devonian, possibly in response to a significant decline in atmospheric CO2 concentration. Among fern-like plants, planate ultimate appendages are homologous with laminate pinnules, and in the evolution of megaphylls, fertile organs tend to become complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Department of Geology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China and State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hong-He Xu
- Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Department of Geology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China and State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jin-Zhuang Xue
- Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Department of Geology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China and State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Department of Geology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China and State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Le Liu
- Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Department of Geology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China and State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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Subramaniyam S, Mathiyalagan R, Natarajan S, Kim YJ, Jang MG, Park JH, Yang DC. Transcript expression profiling for adventitious roots of Panax ginseng Meyer. Gene 2014; 546:89-96. [PMID: 24831831 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Panax ginseng Meyer is one of the major medicinal plants in oriental countries belonging to the Araliaceae family which are the primary source for ginsenosides. However, very few genes were characterized for ginsenoside pathway, due to the limited genome information. Through this study, we obtained a comprehensive transcriptome from adventitious roots, which were treated with methyl jasmonic acids for different time points (control, 2h, 6h, 12h, and 24h) and sequenced by RNA 454 pyrosequencing technology. Reference transcriptome 39,304,529 (0.04GB) was obtained from 5,724,987,880 bases (5.7GB) of 22 libraries by de novo assembly and 35,266 (58.5%) transcripts were annotated with biological schemas (GO and KEGG). The digital gene expression patterns were obtained from in vitro grown adventitious root sequences which mapped to reference, from that, 3813 (6.3%) unique transcripts were involved in ≥2 fold up and downregulations. Finally, candidates for ginsenoside pathway genes were predicted from observed expression patterns. Among them, 30 transcription factors, 20 cytochromes, and 11 glycosyl transferases were predicted as ginsenoside candidates. These data can remarkably expand the existing transcriptome resources of Panax, especially to predict existence of gene networks in P. ginseng. The entity of the data provides a valuable platform to reveal more on secondary metabolism and abiotic stresses from P. ginseng in vitro grown adventitious roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathiyamoorthy Subramaniyam
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 449-701, South Korea; Insilicogen Inc., #909, Venture Valley, 958, Gosaek-dong, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 441-813, South Korea
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 449-701, South Korea
| | - Sathishkumar Natarajan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 449-701, South Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 449-701, South Korea
| | - Moon-Gi Jang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 449-701, South Korea
| | - Jun-Hyung Park
- Insilicogen Inc., #909, Venture Valley, 958, Gosaek-dong, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 441-813, South Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Ginseng Bank, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 449-701, South Korea.
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