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Gao Z, Rao S, Wang J, Wang D, Zhang T, Feng X, Liu Y, Shi J, Xue Y, Li W, Wang L, Rong C, Chen Y. Bionic Capsule Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes for Efficiently Inhibiting Volume Expansion. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400830. [PMID: 38850522 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Magnetite (Fe3O4) has a large theoretical reversible capacity and rich Earth abundance, making it a promising anode material for LIBs. However, it suffers from drastic volume changes during the lithiation process, which lead to poor cycle stability and low-rate performance. Hence, there is an urgent need for a solution to address the issue of volume expansion. Taking inspiration from how glycophyte cells mitigate excessive water uptake/loss through their cell wall to preserve the structural integrity of cells, we designed Fe3O4@PMMA multi-core capsules by microemulsion polymerization as a kind of anode materials, also proposed a new evaluation method for real-time repair effect of the battery capacity. The Fe3O4@PMMA anode shows a high reversible specific capacity (858.0 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C after 300 cycles) and an excellent cycle stability (450.99 mAh g-1 at 0.5 C after 450 cycles). Furthermore, the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2/Fe3O4@PMMA pouch cells exhibit a stable capacity (200.6 mAh) and high-capacity retention rate (95.5 %) after 450 cycles at 0.5 C. Compared to the original battery, the capacity repair rate of this battery is as high as 93.4 %. This kind of bionic capsules provide an innovative solution for improving the electrochemical performance of Fe3O4 anodes to promote their industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhai Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
- College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Shun Rao
- National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
- College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- General Research and Development Institute, China FAW Corporation Limited, Changchun, 130013, China
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Vehicle Integration and Control, China FAW Corporation Limited, Changchun, 130013, China
| | - Deping Wang
- General Research and Development Institute, China FAW Corporation Limited, Changchun, 130013, China
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Vehicle Integration and Control, China FAW Corporation Limited, Changchun, 130013, China
| | - Tianyao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
- College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Xinbo Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
- College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Yuanhang Liu
- College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
- College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Yao Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
- College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Weifeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
- College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Changru Rong
- General Research and Development Institute, China FAW Corporation Limited, Changchun, 130013, China
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Vehicle Integration and Control, China FAW Corporation Limited, Changchun, 130013, China
| | - Yupeng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
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Hu Y, Li Y, Zhu B, Huang W, Chen J, Wang F, Chen Y, Wang M, Lai H, Zhou Y. Genome-wide identification of the expansin gene family in netted melon and their transcriptional responses to fruit peel cracking. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1332240. [PMID: 38322822 PMCID: PMC10846642 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1332240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Fruit cracking not only affects the appearance of netted melons (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus Naud.) but also decreases their marketability. Methods Herein, to comprehensively understand the role of expansin (EXP) proteins in netted melon, bioinformatics methods were employed to discover the EXP gene family in the melon genome and analyze its characteristic features. Furthermore, transcriptomics analysis was performed to determine the expression patterns of melon EXP (CmEXP) genes in crack-tolerant and crack-susceptible netted melon varieties. Discussion Thirty-three CmEXP genes were identified. Chromosomal location analysis revealed that CmEXP gene distribution was uneven on 12 chromosomes. In addition, phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that CmEXP genes could be categorized into four subgroups, among which the EXPA subgroup had the most members. The same subgroup members shared similar protein motifs and gene structures. Thirteen duplicate events were identified in the 33 CmEXP genes. Collinearity analysis revealed that the CmEXP genes had 50, 50, and 44 orthologous genes with EXP genes in cucumber, watermelon, and Arabidopsis, respectively. However, only nine orthologous EXP genes were observed in rice. Promoter cis-acting element analysis demonstrated that numerous cis-acting elements in the upstream promoter region of CmEXP genes participate in plant growth, development, and environmental stress responses. Transcriptomics analysis revealed 14 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the non-cracked fruit peels between the crack-tolerant variety 'Xizhoumi 17' (N17) and the crack-susceptible variety 'Xizhoumi 25' (N25). Among the 14 genes, 11 were upregulated, whereas the remaining three were downregulated in N17. In the non-cracked (N25) and cracked (C25) fruit peels of 'Xizhoumi 25', 24 DEGs were identified, and 4 of them were upregulated, whereas the remaining 20 were downregulated in N25. In the two datasets, only CmEXPB1 exhibited consistently upregulated expression, indicating its importance in the fruit peel crack resistance of netted melon. Transcription factor prediction revealed 56 potential transcription factors that regulate CmEXPB1 expression. Results Our study findings enrich the understanding of the CmEXP gene family and present candidate genes for the molecular breeding of fruit peel crack resistance of netted melon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Hu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
- The Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hainan Province, Hainan Vegetable Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Haikou, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
- The Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hainan Province, Hainan Vegetable Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Haikou, China
| | - Baibi Zhu
- The Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hainan Province, Hainan Vegetable Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Haikou, China
| | - Wenfeng Huang
- The Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hainan Province, Hainan Vegetable Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Haikou, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Yisong Chen
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
- The Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hainan Province, Hainan Vegetable Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Haikou, China
| | - Min Wang
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
- The Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hainan Province, Hainan Vegetable Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Haikou, China
| | - Hanggui Lai
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
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Liu H, Zhang X, Li J, Zhang G, Fang H, Li Y. Transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism of different fruit appearance between apricot (Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.) and its seedling. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7995-8003. [PMID: 37540452 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08631-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apricot fruit has great economic value. In the process of apricot breeding using traditional breeding methods, we obtained a larger seedling (named Us) from the original variety (named U). And Us fruit is larger than U, taste better. Therefore, revealing its mechanism is very important for Apricot breeding. METHODS In this study, de novo assembly and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to screen the differently expressed genes (DEGs) between U and Us at three development stages, including young fruits stage, mid-ripening stage and mature fruit stage. RESULTS The results showed that there were 6,753 DEGs at different sampling time. "Cellulose synthase (UDP-forming) activity" and "cellulose synthase activity" were the key GO terms enriched in GO, of which CESA and CSL family played a key role. "Photosynthesis-antenna proteins" and "Plant hormone signal transduction" were the candidate pathways and lhca, lhcb, Aux/IAA and SAUR were the main regulators. CONCLUSION The auxin signaling pathway was active in Us, of which Aux/IAAs and SAUR were the key fruit size regulators. The low level of lhca and lhcb in Us could reveal the low demand for exogenous carbon, but they increased at mature stage, which might be due to the role of aux, who was keeping the fruit growing. Aux and photosynthesis maight be the main causes of appearance formation of Us fruits. Interestingly, the higher expression of CESA and CSL proved that Us entered the hardening process earlier than U. The advanced developmental progress might also be due to the role of Aux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Liu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory for Food Microbial-Applications Technology and Safety Control, School of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Xiangjun Zhang
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Jianshe Li
- Ningxia Key Laboratory for Food Microbial-Applications Technology and Safety Control, School of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
- Ningxia Facility Horticulture Engineering Technology Center, Yinchuan, 750021, China
- Technological Innovation Center of Horticulture (Ningxia University), Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Guangdi Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory for Food Microbial-Applications Technology and Safety Control, School of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
- Ningxia Facility Horticulture Engineering Technology Center, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
- Technological Innovation Center of Horticulture (Ningxia University), Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
| | - Haitian Fang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory for Food Microbial-Applications Technology and Safety Control, School of Food Science and Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
| | - Yu Li
- Technological Innovation Center of Horticulture (Ningxia University), Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750021, China
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Liu H, Zhu P, Li Z, Li J, Tchuenbou-Magaia F, Ni J. Thermo-biomechanical coupling analysis for preventing tomato fruit cracking during ripening. J FOOD ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2022.111336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Calcium decreases cell wall swelling in sweet cherry fruit. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16496. [PMID: 36192436 PMCID: PMC9530156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Swelling of epidermal cell walls decreases cell-to-cell adhesion and increases cracking susceptibility in sweet cherry. Ca is suggested to decrease cracking susceptibility by crosslinking of cell wall components and, possibly, by decreasing swelling. The objective is to test this hypothesis. The effect of Ca on swelling of anticlinal epidermal cell walls was quantified microscopically in vivo using excised skin sections and in vitro using extracted cell walls. After removal of turgor, cell wall thickness increased. Incubation in CaCl2 decreased cell wall thickness up to 3 mM CaCl2. At higher concentrations thickness remained constant. Decreased cell wall swelling in vivo also occurred with other salts of divalent and trivalent cations, but not with those of monovalent cations. Decreased swelling was due to the Ca cation, the anions had no effect. Ca also decreased swelling of cell walls that were already swollen. CaCl2 also decreased swelling of extracted cell walls in vitro. There was no effect on swelling pressure. The effect on swelling increased as the CaCl2 concentration increased. Chlorides of divalent and trivalent cations, but not those of monovalent cations decreased swelling in vitro. The decrease in swelling among the divalent cations was linearly related to the radius of the cation. The results indicate that Ca decreases cracking susceptibility by decreasing swelling.
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Li D, Liu Y, Fadiji T, Li Z, Okasha M. Analysis of the correlation between mesocarp biomechanics and its cell turgor pressure: A combined
FEM‐DEM
investigation for irrigation‐caused tomato cracking. J Texture Stud 2022; 54:206-221. [PMID: 36116087 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Fruit mesocarp cracking caused by improper irrigation during development manifests at the macroscale but is ultimately the result of increasing cell turgor pressure at the microscale. Hence, a cell finite element (FE) model including shape, protoplast turgor pressure, and ripening information and a mesocarp tissue block discrete element (DE) model including the features of cell shape and number, were developed to predict the biomechanical correlation between mesocarp and its cell. The validated cell FE model with an internal turgor pressure of 12.9 kPa could reproduce the experimental force-deformation behavior of a single cell in compression up to 11% deformation with an average relative error of 5.8%. The validated mesocarp tissue block DE model could reproduce the experimental force-deformation behavior of a mesocarp block in compression up to 20% deformation with an average relative error of 9.5%. Sensitivity and regression analysis showed that turgor pressure was the most important factor affecting cell biomechanics, followed by cell shape and wall elastic modulus. Similarly, the apparent elastic modulus of the cells has the most significant effect on the mesocarp tissue biomechanics, followed by the number and shape of cells. Finally, a mathematical model was obtained to quantitatively describe the relationship between the elastic modulus of the mesocarp and its cell turgor pressure. This study contributes to a better understanding of the biomechanical mechanisms of irrigation-caused tomato fruit cracking at the cellular level and the development of strategies to prevent fruit cracking through a combination of gene breeding and irrigation management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Li
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Tobi Fadiji
- Postharvest Research Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Zhiguo Li
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Mahmoud Okasha
- Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AEnRI) , Agricultural Research Center (ARC) Giza Egypt
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Brinkmann T, Kuhnke F, Grimm E, Knoche M. Sweet cherry flesh cells burst in non-random clusters along minor veins. PLANTA 2022; 255:100. [PMID: 35389118 PMCID: PMC8990966 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Sweet cherry flesh cells burst when exposed to water but they do so in clusters indicating heterogeneity with respect to osmotic concentration, which depends on proximity to a minor vein. Water plays a key role in cracking in sweet cherry fruit. Magnetic resonance imaging has previously indicated preferential partitioning of water along veins. A more negative osmotic potential along veins seems the likely explanation. Here we establish if cell bursting in mature sweet cherry fruit is also associated with the veins. Cell bursting was identified by a novel light microscope technique involving exposure of a cut fruit surface to water or to sucrose solutions. Upon exposure to water there was no bursting of skin cells but for cells of the flesh (mesocarp) bursting increased with time. When the cut surface was exposed to sucrose solutions of decreasing osmotic concentrations (increasing water potentials) the incidence of cell bursting increased from hypertonic (no bursting), to isotonic, to hypotonic. Cell bursting in the outer mesocarp occurred primarily in the vicinity of minor veins that in the inner mesocarp was primarily between radial veins. The median distance between a minor vein and a bursting cell (mean diameter 0.129 mm) was about 0.318 mm that between a radial vein and a bursting cell was about 0.497 mm. In contrast, the distance between adjacent minor veins averaged 2.57 mm, that between adjacent radial veins averaged 0.83 mm. Cell bursting tends to occur in clusters. Mapping of cell bursting indicates (1) that a seemingly uniform population of mesocarp cells actually represents a heterogeneous population with regard to their cell osmotic potentials and (2) cell bursting afflicts clusters of neighbouring cells in the vicinities of minor veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Brinkmann
- Abteilung Obstbau, Institut für Gartenbauliche Produktionssysteme, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Kuhnke
- Institut für Informationsverarbeitung, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 9a, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eckhard Grimm
- Abteilung Obstbau, Institut für Gartenbauliche Produktionssysteme, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Moritz Knoche
- Abteilung Obstbau, Institut für Gartenbauliche Produktionssysteme, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
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Quero-García J, Letourmy P, Campoy JA, Branchereau C, Malchev S, Barreneche T, Dirlewanger E. Multi-year analyses on three populations reveal the first stable QTLs for tolerance to rain-induced fruit cracking in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:136. [PMID: 34059661 PMCID: PMC8166915 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Rain-induced fruit cracking is a major problem in sweet cherry cultivation. Basic research has been conducted to disentangle the physiological and mechanistic bases of this complex phenomenon, whereas genetic studies have lagged behind. The objective of this work was to disentangle the genetic determinism of rain-induced fruit cracking. We hypothesized that a large genetic variation would be revealed, by visual field observations conducted on mapping populations derived from well-contrasted cultivars for cracking tolerance. Three populations were evaluated over 7-8 years by estimating the proportion of cracked fruits for each genotype at maturity, at three different areas of the sweet cherry fruit: pistillar end, stem end, and fruit side. An original approach was adopted to integrate, within simple linear models, covariates potentially related to cracking, such as rainfall accumulation before harvest, fruit weight, and firmness. We found the first stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for cherry fruit cracking, explaining percentages of phenotypic variance above 20%, for each of these three types of cracking tolerance, in different linkage groups, confirming the high complexity of this trait. For these and other QTLs, further analyses suggested the existence of at least two-linked QTLs in each linkage group, some of which showed confidence intervals close to 5 cM. These promising results open the possibility of developing marker-assisted selection strategies to select cracking-tolerant sweet cherry cultivars. Further studies are needed to confirm the stability of the reported QTLs over different genetic backgrounds and environments and to narrow down the QTL confidence intervals, allowing the exploration of underlying candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Quero-García
- INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332, F-33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
| | - Philippe Letourmy
- CIRAD, UPR AIDA, University of Montpellier, TA B-115/02, Avenue Agropolis, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - José Antonio Campoy
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, 50289, Cologne, Germany
| | - Camille Branchereau
- INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332, F-33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Svetoslav Malchev
- Fruit Growing Institute - Plovdiv, 12 Ostromila Str., 4004, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Teresa Barreneche
- INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332, F-33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Elisabeth Dirlewanger
- INRAE, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332, F-33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Garcia-Ibañez P, Nicolas-Espinosa J, Carvajal M. Plasma membrane vesicles from cauliflower meristematic tissue and their role in water passage. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:30. [PMID: 33413105 PMCID: PMC7791869 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02778-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) inflorescences are composed mainly of meristematic tissue, which has a high cellular proliferation. This considerable cellular density makes the inflorescence an organ with a large proportion of membranes. However, little is known about the specific role of the lipid and protein composition of the plasma membrane present in this organ. RESULTS In this work, we analyzed the lipids and proteins present in plasma membrane from two different stages of development of cauliflower inflorescence and compared them with leaf plasma membrane. For this purpose, plasma membrane vesicles were obtained by centrifugation for each sample and the vesicular diameter and osmotic permeability (Pf) were analyzed by dynamic light scattering and the stopped-flow technique, respectively. In addition, fatty acids and sterols were analyzed by gas chromatography and HPLC. The protein composition of the inflorescences and leaves was characterized by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and the data obtained were compared with Brassicaceae proteins present in the UniProt database in relation to the presence of aquaporins determined by western blot analysis. The highest Pf value was found in 90 day inflorescences-derived plasma membrane vesicles (61.4 ± 4.14 μms- 1). For sterols and fatty acids, the concentrations varied according to the organ of origin. The protein profile revealed the presence of aquaporins from the PIP1 and PIP2 subfamilies in both inflorescences and leaves. CONCLUSION This study shows that the composition of the sterols, the degree of unsaturation of the fatty acids, and the proteins present in the membranes analyzed give them high functionality for water passage. This represents an important addition to the limited information available in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Garcia-Ibañez
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo-25, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Nicolas-Espinosa
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo-25, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Micaela Carvajal
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo-25, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Schumann C, Sitzenstock S, Erz L, Knoche M. Decreased deposition and increased swelling of cell walls contribute to increased cracking susceptibility of developing sweet cherry fruit. PLANTA 2020; 252:96. [PMID: 33141346 PMCID: PMC7609435 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
During fruit development, cell wall deposition rate decreases and cell wall swelling increases. The cell wall swelling pressure is very low relative to the fruit's highly negative osmotic potential. Rain cracking of sweet cherry fruit is preceded by the swelling of the cell walls. Cell wall swelling decreases both the cell: cell adhesion and the cell wall fracture force. Rain cracking susceptibility increases during fruit development. The objectives were to relate developmental changes in cell wall swelling to compositional changes taking place in the cell wall. During fruit development, total mass of cell wall, of pectins and of hemicelluloses increases, but total mass of cellulose remains constant. The mass of these cell wall fractions increases at a lower rate than the fruit fresh mass-particularly during stage II and early stage III. During stage III, on a whole-fruit basis, the HCl-soluble pectin fraction, followed by the water-soluble pectin fraction, the NaOH-soluble pectin fraction and the oxalate-soluble pectin fraction all increase. At maturity, just the HCl-soluble pectin decreases. Cell wall swelling increases during stages I and II of fruit development, with little change thereafter. This was indexed by light microscopy of skin sections following turgor release, and by determinations of the swelling capacity, water holding capacity and water retention capacity. The increase in cell wall swelling during development was due primarily to increases in NaOH-soluble pectins. The in vitro swelling of cell wall extracts depends on the applied pressure. The swelling pressure of the alcohol-insoluble residue is low throughout development and surprisingly similar across different cell wall fractions. Thus, swelling pressure does not contribute significantly to fruit water potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Schumann
- Institute for Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz-University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Simon Sitzenstock
- Institute for Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz-University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lisa Erz
- Institute for Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz-University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Moritz Knoche
- Institute for Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz-University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
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