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Lu X, Zhang F, Zhang C, Li G, Du Y, Zhao C, Zhao W, Gao F, Fu L, Liu X, Liu J, Wang X. TaTPS11 enhances wheat cold resistance by regulating source-sink factor. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108695. [PMID: 38744088 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The presence of sugar in plant tissue can lead to an increase in the osmotic pressure within cells, a decrease in the freezing point of plants, and protection against ice crystal damage to the tissue. Trehalose is closely related to sucrose, which comprises the largest proportion of sugar and has become a hot topic of research in recent years. Our previous studies have confirmed that a key trehalose synthesis gene, TaTPS11, from the cold-resistant winter wheat DM1, could enhance the cold resistance of plants by increasing sugar content. However, the underlying mechanism behind this phenomenon remains unclear. In this study, we cloned TaTPS11-6D, edited TaTPS11-6D using CRISPR/Cas9 technology and transformed 'Fielder' to obtain T2 generation plants. We screened out OE3-3 and OE8-7 lines with significantly higher cold resistance than that of 'Fielder' and Cri 4-3 edited lines with significantly lower cold resistance than that of 'Fielder'. Low temperature storage limiting factors were measured for OE3-3, OE8-7 and Cri 4-3 treated at different temperatures.The results showed that TaTPS11-6D significantly increased the content of sugar in plants and the transfer of sugar from source to storage organs under cold conditions. The TaTPS11-6D significantly increased the levels of salicylic, jasmonic, and abscisic acids while also significantly decreasing the level of gibberellic acid. Our research improves the model of low temperature storage capacity limiting factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Lu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Fuzhi Zhang
- Harbin Institute of Information Engineering, Harbin, 150431, China
| | - Chenglong Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Guorui Li
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yuchen Du
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Cicong Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Fengmei Gao
- Crop Resources Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Lianshuang Fu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jun Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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2
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Mattila H, Khorobrykh S, Tyystjärvi E. Both external and internal factors induce heterogeneity in senescing leaves of deciduous trees. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP24012. [PMID: 38621018 DOI: 10.1071/fp24012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Autumn senescence is characterised by spatial and temporal heterogeneity. We show that senescing birch (Betula spp.) leaves had lower PSII activity (probed by the F V /F M chlorophyll a fluorescence parameter) in late autumn than in early autumn. We confirmed that PSII repair slows down with decreasing temperature, while rates of photodamage and recovery, measured under laboratory conditions at 20°C, were similar in these leaves. We propose that low temperatures during late autumn hinder repair and lead to accumulation of non-functional PSII units in senescing leaves. Fluorescence imaging of birch revealed that chlorophyll preferentially disappeared from inter-veinal leaf areas. These areas showed no recovery capacity and low non-photochemical quenching while green veinal areas of senescing leaves resembled green leaves. However, green and yellow leaf areas showed similar values of photochemical quenching. Analyses of thylakoids isolated from maple (Acer platanoides ) leaves showed that red, senescing leaves contained high amounts of carotenoids and α-tocopherol, and our calculations suggest that α-tocopherol was synthesised during autumn. Thylakoids isolated from red maple leaves produced little singlet oxygen, probably due to the high antioxidant content. However, the rate of PSII photodamage did not decrease. The data show that the heterogeneity of senescing leaves must be taken into account to fully understand autumn senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heta Mattila
- Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Esa Tyystjärvi
- Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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3
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Guo M, Li Z, Wang L, Xu T, Huang H, Kanwar MK, Yang P, Zhou J. BAG8 positively regulates cold stress tolerance by modulating photosystem, antioxidant system and protein protection in Solanum lycopersicum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108267. [PMID: 38091937 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated athanogene (BAG) family is a relatively conserved and multifunctional co-chaperones in animals and plants, which can flexibly interact with a variety of proteins and regulate various processes from growth and development to stress response. However, compared with animals, the function of BAG family in plant remains largely unknown, especially in response to cold stress. In this study, we have found that the expression of BAG8 was significantly induced in tomato under cold stress. Results showed that bag8 mutants exhibit significantly reduced tolerance towards cold stress, while BAG8 overexpressing lines were relatively resistant as reflected by the phenotype and membrane peroxidation. Measuring of gas exchange parameters, photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) of tomato leaves under cold stress further revealed that BAG8 mitigated cold-induced damage in photosynthetic system. Additionally, bag8 mutants exhibited more cold-induced reactive oxygen species, which were substantially normalized in BAG8 overexpressing plants. Nevertheless, the activities of antioxidant enzymes which were compromised in bag8 mutants were improved in BAG8 overexpressing plants facing cold stress. Additionally, BAG8 interacted with heat shock protein Hsp70 and protein phosphatase PP2A both in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate that BAG8 plays a positive role in cold tolerance in tomato probably by the improvement of photosystems and antioxidant systems, and by interacting with Hsp70 involved in photosynthesis and PP2A involved in stomatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Guo
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
| | - Huamin Huang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Kanwar
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Environmental Sciences, Dr Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ping Yang
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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4
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Barták M, Hájek J, Halıcı MG, Bednaříková M, Casanova-Katny A, Váczi P, Puhovkin A, Mishra KB, Giordano D. Resistance of Primary Photosynthesis to Photoinhibition in Antarctic Lichen Xanthoria elegans: Photoprotective Mechanisms Activated during a Short Period of High Light Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2259. [PMID: 37375884 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The Antarctic lichen, Xanthoria elegans, in its hydrated state has several physiological mechanisms to cope with high light effects on the photosynthetic processes of its photobionts. We aim to investigate the changes in primary photochemical processes of photosystem II in response to a short-term photoinhibitory treatment. Several chlorophyll a fluorescence techniques: (1) slow Kautsky kinetics supplemented with quenching mechanism analysis; (2) light response curves of photosynthetic electron transport (ETR); and (3) response curves of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) were used in order to evaluate the phenomenon of photoinhibition of photosynthesis and its consequent recovery. Our findings suggest that X. elegans copes well with short-term high light (HL) stress due to effective photoprotective mechanisms that are activated during the photoinhibitory treatment. The investigations of quenching mechanisms revealed that photoinhibitory quenching (qIt) was a major non-photochemical quenching in HL-treated X. elegans; qIt relaxed rapidly and returned to pre-photoinhibition levels after a 120 min recovery. We conclude that the Antarctic lichen species X. elegans exhibits a high degree of photoinhibition resistance and effective non-photochemical quenching mechanisms. This photoprotective mechanism may help it survive even repeated periods of high light during the early austral summer season, when lichens are moist and physiologically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Barták
- Laboratory of Photosynthetic Processes, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Hájek
- Laboratory of Photosynthetic Processes, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mehmet Gökhan Halıcı
- Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü (Department of Biology), Erciyes Üniversitesi (Erciyes University), 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Michaela Bednaříková
- Laboratory of Photosynthetic Processes, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Angelica Casanova-Katny
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology and Climate Change, Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, Catholic University of Temuco, Avenida Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Campus San Juan Pablo II, Temuco 481 1123, Chile
| | - Peter Váczi
- Laboratory of Photosynthetic Processes, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anton Puhovkin
- Laboratory of Photosynthetic Processes, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- State Institution National Antarctic Scientific Center, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, T. Shevchenko blvrd. 16, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Reproductive System Cryobiology, Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Pereyaslavska Str. 23, 61016 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Kumud Bandhu Mishra
- Laboratory of Photosynthetic Processes, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Global Change Research Institute, Bělidla 4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Davide Giordano
- Laboratory of Photosynthetic Processes, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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5
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Mattila H, Mishra S, Tyystjärvi T, Tyystjärvi E. Singlet oxygen production by photosystem II is caused by misses of the oxygen evolving complex. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:113-125. [PMID: 36161283 PMCID: PMC10092662 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) is a harmful species that functions also as a signaling molecule. In chloroplasts, 1 O2 is produced via charge recombination reactions in photosystem II, but which recombination pathway(s) produce triplet Chl and 1 O2 remains open. Furthermore, the role of 1 O2 in photoinhibition is not clear. We compared temperature dependences of 1 O2 production, photoinhibition, and recombination pathways. 1 O2 production by pumpkin thylakoids increased from -2 to +35°C, ruling out recombination of the primary charge pair as a main contributor. S2 QA - or S2 QB - recombination pathways, in turn, had too steep temperature dependences. Instead, the temperature dependence of 1 O2 production matched that of misses (failures of the oxygen (O2 ) evolving complex to advance an S-state). Photoinhibition in vitro and in vivo (also in Synechocystis), and in the presence or absence of O2 , had the same temperature dependence, but ultraviolet (UV)-radiation-caused photoinhibition showed a weaker temperature response. We suggest that the miss-associated recombination of P680 + QA - is the main producer of 1 O2 . Our results indicate three parallel photoinhibition mechanisms. The manganese mechanism dominates in UV radiation but also functions in white light. Mechanisms that depend on light absorption by Chls, having 1 O2 or long-lived P680 + as damaging agents, dominate in red light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heta Mattila
- Department of Life Technologies/Molecular Plant BiologyUniversity of TurkuFI‐20014TurkuFinland
| | - Sujata Mishra
- Department of Life Technologies/Molecular Plant BiologyUniversity of TurkuFI‐20014TurkuFinland
| | - Taina Tyystjärvi
- Department of Life Technologies/Molecular Plant BiologyUniversity of TurkuFI‐20014TurkuFinland
| | - Esa Tyystjärvi
- Department of Life Technologies/Molecular Plant BiologyUniversity of TurkuFI‐20014TurkuFinland
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6
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Obara A, Ogawa M, Oyama Y, Suzuki Y, Kono M. Effects of High Irradiance and Low Water Temperature on Photoinhibition and Repair of Photosystems in Marimo ( Aegagropila linnaei) in Lake Akan, Japan. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010060. [PMID: 36613526 PMCID: PMC9820325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The green alga Aegagropila linnaei often forms spherical aggregates called "marimo" in Lake Akan in Japan. In winter, marimo are exposed to low water temperatures at 1-4 °C but protected from strong sunlight by ice coverage, which may disappear due to global warming. In this study, photoinhibition in marimo was examined at 2 °C using chlorophyll fluorescence and 830 nm absorption. Filamentous cells of A. linnaei dissected from marimo were exposed to strong light at 2 °C. Photosystem II (PSII) was markedly photoinhibited, while photosystem I was unaffected. When the cells with PSII damaged by the 4 h treatment were subsequently illuminated with moderate repair light at 2 °C, the maximal efficiency of PSII was recovered to the level before photoinhibition. However, after the longer photoinhibitory treatments, PSII efficiency did not recover by the repair light. When the cells were exposed to simulated diurnal light for 12 h per day, which was more ecological, the cells died within a few days. Our results showed new findings of the PSII repair at 2 °C and serious damage at the cellular level from prolonged high-light treatments. Further, we provided a clue to what may happen to marimo in Lake Akan in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akina Obara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Kanagawa, Hiratsuka 259-1293, Japan
| | - Mari Ogawa
- Department of Primary Education, Faculty of Education, Yasuda Women’s University, 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan
| | - Yoichi Oyama
- Marimo Research Center, Kushiro Board of Education, Hokkaido, Kushiro 085-0467, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Suzuki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Kanagawa, Hiratsuka 259-1293, Japan
| | - Masaru Kono
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5841-4467; Fax: +81-3-5841-4465
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7
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Song Q, Wang X, Liu Y, Brestic M, Yang X. StLTO1, a lumen thiol oxidoreductase in Solanum tuberosum L., enhances the cold resistance of potato plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 325:111481. [PMID: 36181944 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress reduces plant photosynthesis and increases the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants, thereby dramatically affecting plant growth, crop productivity and quality. Here, we report that lumen thiol oxidoreductase 1 (StLTO1), a vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR)-like protein in the thylakoid membrane of Solanum tuberosum L., enhances the cold tolerance of potato plants. Under normal conditions, overexpression of StLTO1 in plants promoted plant growth. In addition, potato plants overexpressing StLTO1 displayed enhanced photosynthetic capacity and increased capacity for scavenging ROS compared to StLTO1 knockdown and wild-type potato plants under cold conditions. Overexpression of StLTO1 in potato plants also improved cold-regulated (COR) gene expression after cold stress. Our results suggest that StLTO1 acts as a positive regulator of cold resistance in potato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiping Song
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xipan Wang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Xinghong Yang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
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8
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Vítek P, Mishra KB, Mishra A, Veselá B, Findurová H, Svobodová K, Oravec M, Sahu PP, Klem K. Non-destructive insights into photosynthetic and photoprotective mechanisms in Arabidopsis thaliana grown under two light regimes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 281:121531. [PMID: 35863186 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Probing insights into understanding photosynthetic processes via non-invasive means has an added advantage when used in phenotyping or precision agriculture. We employed Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence-based methods to investigate both the changes in the photosynthetic processes and the underlying protective mechanisms on Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type (WT), and ros1, which is a mutant of a repressor of transcriptional gene silencing, both grown under low light (LL: 100 μmol m-2s-1) and high light (HL: 400 μmol m-2s-1) regimes. Raman imaging detected a lower carotenoid intensity after two weeks in those plants grown under HL, compared to those grown under the LL regime; we interpret this as the result of oxidative damage of β-carotene molecules. Further, the data revealed a significant depletion in carotenoids with enhanced phenolics around the midrib and tip of the WT leaves, but not in the ros1. On the contrary, small necrotic zones appeared after two weeks of HL in the ros1 mutant, pointing to the starting oxidative damage. The lower maximum quantum yield of the photochemistry (Fv/Fm) in the WT as well as in the ros1 mutant grown in HL (compared to those in the LL two weeks post-exposure), indicates the HL partially inactivated photosystems. Chlorophyll a fluorescence imaging further showed high non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in the plants grown under the HL regime for both the WT and the ros1 mutant, but the spatial heterogeneity of NPQ images was much higher in the HL-grown ros1 mutant. Fluorescence screening methods revealed significantly high values of chlorophyll proxies in the WT as well as in the ros1 mutant two weeks after in the HL compared to those under LL. The data generally revealed an increased accumulation of phenolics under HL in both the WT and ros1 mutant plants, but the proxies of anthocyanin and flavonols were significantly lower in the ros1 mutant than in the WT. The comparatively low accumulation of anthocyanin in the ros1 mutant compared to the WT supports the Raman data. We conclude that integrated use of these techniques can be efficiently applied for a better understanding of insights into photosynthetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vítek
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - K B Mishra
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - A Mishra
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - B Veselá
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - H Findurová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - K Svobodová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - M Oravec
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - P P Sahu
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - K Klem
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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9
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Mattila H, Tyystjärvi E. Light-induced damage to photosystem II at a very low temperature (195 K) depends on singlet oxygen. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13824. [PMID: 36377045 PMCID: PMC10099935 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms, like evergreen plants, may encounter strong light at low temperatures. Light, despite being the energy source of photosynthesis, irreversibly damages photosystem II (PSII). We illuminated plant thylakoid membranes and intact cyanobacterial cells at -78.5°C and assayed PSII activity with oxygen evolution or chlorophyll fluorescence, after thawing the sample. Both UV radiation and visible light damaged PSII of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) thylakoids at -78.5°C, but visible-light-induced photoinhibition at -78.5°C, unlike at +20°C, proceeded only in the presence of oxygen. A strong magnetic field that would decrease triplet chlorophyll formation by recombination of the primary radical pair slowed down photoinhibition at -78.5°C, suggesting that singlet oxygen produced via recombination of the primary pair is a major contributor to photoinhibition at -78.5°C. However, a magnetic field did not affect singlet oxygen production at +25°C. Thylakoids of winter leaves of an evergreen plant, Bergenia, were less susceptible to photoinhibition both at -78.5°C and +20°C, contained high amounts of carotenoids and produced little singlet oxygen (measured at +20°C), compared to thylakoids of summer leaves. In contrast, high carotenoid amount and low singlet oxygen yield did not protect a Synechocystis mutant from photoinhibition at -78.5°C. Thylakoids isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana grown under high light, which reduces PSII antenna size, were more resistant than control plants against photoinhibition at -78.5°C but not at +20°C, although carotenoid amounts were similar. The results indicate that visible-light-induced photoinhibition at -78.5°C depends on singlet oxygen, whereas photoinhibition at +20°C is largely independent of oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heta Mattila
- Department of Life Technologies/Molecular Plant BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Esa Tyystjärvi
- Department of Life Technologies/Molecular Plant BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
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10
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Giardi MT, Antonacci A, Touloupakis E, Mattoo AK. Investigation of Photosystem II Functional Size in Higher Plants under Physiological and Stress Conditions Using Radiation Target Analysis and Sucrose Gradient Ultracentrifugation. Molecules 2022; 27:5708. [PMID: 36080475 PMCID: PMC9457868 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The photosystem II (PSII) reaction centre is the critical supramolecular pigment-protein complex in the chloroplast which catalyses the light-induced transfer of electrons from water to plastoquinone. Structural studies have demonstrated the existence of an oligomeric PSII. We carried out radiation inactivation target analysis (RTA), together with sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation (SGU) of PSII, to study the functional size of PSII in diverse plant species under physiological and stress conditions. Two PSII populations, made of dimeric and monomeric core particles, were revealed in Pisum sativum, Spinacea oleracea, Phaseulus vulgaris, Medicago sativa, Zea mais and Triticum durum. However, this core pattern was not ubiquitous in the higher plants since we found one monomeric core population in Vicia faba and a dimeric core in the Triticum durum yellow-green strain, respectively. The PSII functional sizes measured in the plant seedlings in vivo, as a decay of the maximum quantum yield of PSII for primary photochemistry, were in the range of 75-101 ± 18 kDa, 2 to 3 times lower than those determined in vitro. Two abiotic stresses, heat and drought, imposed individually on Pisum sativum, increased the content of the dimeric core in SGU and the minimum functional size determined by RTA in vivo. These data suggest that PSII can also function as a monomer in vivo, while under heat and drought stress conditions, the dimeric PSII structure is predominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Giardi
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, Via Salaria Km 29.3, 00016 Monterotondo, Italy
- Biosensor Srl, Via Olmetti 44, 00060 Formello, Italy
| | - Amina Antonacci
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, Via Salaria Km 29.3, 00016 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Eleftherios Touloupakis
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Autar K. Mattoo
- USDA-ARS, Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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11
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Xu H, Hassan MA, Sun D, Wu Z, Jiang G, Liu B, Ni Q, Yang W, Fang H, Li J, Chen X. Effects of Low Temperature Stress on Source-Sink Organs in Wheat and Phosphorus Mitigation Strategies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:807844. [PMID: 35222472 PMCID: PMC8873184 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.807844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The 21st century presents many challenges to mankind, including climate change, fast growing human population, and serious concerns over food security. Wheat is a leading cereal crop that largely fulfills the global food needs. Low temperature stress accompanied by nutrient-starved soils is badly disrupting the source-sink relationship of wheat, thus causing an acute decline in final yield and deteriorating the grain quality. This review paper aimed to understand how low temperature stress affects wheat source-sink organs (i.e., leaves, roots, and spikes) and how phosphorus application reliefs in alleviating its harmful consequences. Also, we discussed mitigation strategies to enhance wheat capacity to adapt to varying temperature extremes and made rational recommendations based on modern agronomic and breeding approaches. Therefore, this study is likely to establish a solid foundation for improving the tolerance to low temperature stress and to improve its phosphorus utilization efficiency in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | | | - Dongyue Sun
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaochen Wu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Gang Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Binbin Liu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qianqian Ni
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenkang Yang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Fang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jincai Li
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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12
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Colpo A, Baldisserotto C, Pancaldi S, Sabia A, Ferroni L. Photosystem II photoinhibition and photoprotection in a lycophyte, Selaginella martensii. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13604. [PMID: 34811759 PMCID: PMC9300044 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The Lycophyte Selaginella martensii efficiently acclimates to diverse light environments, from deep shade to full sunlight. The plant does not modulate the abundance of the Light Harvesting Complex II, mostly found as a free trimer, and does not alter the maximum capacity of thermal dissipation (NPQ). Nevertheless, the photoprotection is expected to be modulatable upon long-term light acclimation to preserve the photosystems (PSII, PSI). The effects of long-term light acclimation on PSII photoprotection were investigated using the chlorophyll fluorometric method known as "photochemical quenching measured in the dark" (qPd ). Singularly high-qPd values at relatively low irradiance suggest a heterogeneous antenna system (PSII antenna uncoupling). The extent of antenna uncoupling largely depends on the light regime, reaching the highest value in sun-acclimated plants. In parallel, the photoprotective NPQ (pNPQ) increased from deep-shade to high-light grown plants. It is proposed that the differences in the long-term modulation in the photoprotective capacity are proportional to the amount of uncoupled LHCII. In deep-shade plants, the inconsistency between invariable maximum NPQ and lower pNPQ is attributed to the thermal dissipation occurring in the PSII core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Colpo
- Department of Environmental and Prevention SciencesUniversity of FerraraFerrara
| | | | - Simonetta Pancaldi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention SciencesUniversity of FerraraFerrara
| | - Alessandra Sabia
- Department of Environmental and Prevention SciencesUniversity of FerraraFerrara
| | - Lorenzo Ferroni
- Department of Environmental and Prevention SciencesUniversity of FerraraFerrara
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13
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Morales M, Pasques O, Munné-Bosch S. English plantain deploys stress tolerance mechanisms at various organization levels across an altitudinal gradient in the Pyrenees. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:2350-2360. [PMID: 34651706 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-mountain plants must withstand high solar irradiation and low temperatures during winter. Furthermore, climate change is increasing drought events, which pose an additional threat to plants. Here, we studied the stress tolerance mechanisms at various levels of biological organization in English plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), focusing on photoprotective and antioxidant responses. The response of populations from three different altitudes in the Eastern Pyrenees (1030, 1380, and 1660 m. a.s.l.) was compared during both autumn and winter. Results showed that plants not only suffered from photoinhibition due to very low temperatures at the highest elevation during winter, but also from mild drought stress at the lowest altitude during autumn. Individuals growing at the highest elevation showed reductions in the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv /Fm ratio), which might be caused by the lack of an increased induction of tolerance mechanisms at the highest elevation compared to the intermediate one. Although most leaves died at the highest elevation, plants could withstand stress at the organism level by generating new leaves once the stress ceased. Drought at the lowest elevation during autumn caused mild stress with small decreases in the Fv /Fm ratio, along with an increase in abscisic acid and jasmonic acid content. This study underlines the great capacity of English plantain to adapt to high elevation by activating not only photo- and antioxidant protection mechanisms and adjustments in stress-related phytohormones, but also by fully regenerating its aboveground biomass through renewed growth once the stress has ceased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Morales
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ot Pasques
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Serôdio J, Campbell DA. Photoinhibition in optically thick samples: Effects of light attenuation on chlorophyll fluorescence-based parameters. J Theor Biol 2021; 513:110580. [PMID: 33444625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxygenic photoautotrophs are, paradoxically, subject to photoinhibition of their photosynthetic apparatus, in particular one of its major components, the Photosystem II (PSII). Photoinhibition is generalized across species, light conditions and habitats, imposing substantial metabolic costs that lower photosynthetic productivity and constrain the niches of photoautotrophy. As a process driven by light reaching PSII, light attenuation in optically thick samples influences both the actual extent, and the detection, of photoinhibition. Chlorophyll fluorescence is widely used to measure photoinhibition, but fluorescence-based parameters are affected by light attenuation of both downwelling incident radiation traversing the sample to reach PSII, and emitted fluorescence upwelling through the sample. We used modelling, experimental manipulation of within-sample light attenuation, and meta-analysis of published data, to show substantial, differential effects of light attenuation and depth-integration of emitted fluorescence upon measurements of photoinhibition. Numerical simulations and experimental manipulation of light attenuation indicated that PSII photoinactivation tracked using chlorophyll fluorescence can appear to be over three times lower than the inherent cellular susceptibility to photoinactivation, in optically-dense samples such as leaves or biofilms. The meta-analysis of published data showed that this general trend was unknowingly present in the literature, revealing an overall difference of more than five times between optically thick leaves and optically thin cell suspensions. Although fluorescence-based parameters may provide ecophysiologically relevant information for characterizing the sample as a whole, light attenuation and depth integration can vary between samples independently of their intrinsic physiology. They should be used with caution when aiming to quantify in absolute terms inherent photoinhibition-related parameters in optically thick samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Serôdio
- Department of Biology and CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Douglas A Campbell
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, Canada NB E4L 3G7, Canada
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15
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Shin YK, Bhandari SR, Lee JG. Monitoring of Salinity, Temperature, and Drought Stress in Grafted Watermelon Seedlings Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:786309. [PMID: 35003172 PMCID: PMC8727525 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.786309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) is used to measure the physiological status of plants affected by biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, we aimed to identify the changes in CF parameters in grafted watermelon seedlings exposed to salt, drought, and high and low temperatures. Grafted watermelon seedlings at the true three-leaf stage were subjected to salinity levels (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM) and temperature [low (8°C), moderate (24°C), and high (40°C)] stresses for 12 days under controlled environmental conditions independently. Eight CF parameters were measured at 2-day intervals using the FluorCam machine quenching protocol of the FluorCam machine. The seedlings were also exposed to drought stress for 3 days independent of salinity and temperature stress; CF parameters were measured at 1-day intervals. In addition, growth parameters, proline, and chlorophyll content were evaluated in all three experiments. The CF parameters were differentially influenced depending on the type and extent of the stress conditions. The results showed a notable effect of salinity levels on CF parameters, predominantly in maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), the ratio of the fluorescence decrease (Rfd), and quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation in PSII [Y(NO)]. High temperature had significant effects on Rfd and NPQ, whereas low temperature showed significant results in most CF parameters: Fv/Fm, Y(NO), NPQ, Rfd, the efficiency of excitation capture of open photosystem II (PSII) center (Fv'/Fm'), and effective quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in PSII [Y(PSII)]. Only NPQ and Rfd were significantly influenced by severe drought stress. Approximately, all the growth parameters were significantly influenced by the stress level. Proline content increased with an increase in stress levels in all three experiments, whereas the chlorophyll (a and b) content either decreased or increased depending upon the stressor. The results provided here may be useful for understanding the effect of abiotic stresses on CF parameters and the selection of index CF parameters to detect abiotic stresses in grafted watermelon seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kyeong Shin
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Shiva Ram Bhandari
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- Core Research Institute of Intelligent Robots, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- Shiva Ram Bhandari,
| | - Jun Gu Lee
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- Core Research Institute of Intelligent Robots, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jun Gu Lee,
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16
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Hasanuzzaman M, Bhuyan MHMB, Parvin K, Bhuiyan TF, Anee TI, Nahar K, Hossen MS, Zulfiqar F, Alam MM, Fujita M. Regulation of ROS Metabolism in Plants under Environmental Stress: A Review of Recent Experimental Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228695. [PMID: 33218014 PMCID: PMC7698618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Various environmental stresses singly or in combination generate excess amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress and impaired redox homeostasis. Generation of ROS is the obvious outcome of abiotic stresses and is gaining importance not only for their ubiquitous generation and subsequent damaging effects in plants but also for their diversified roles in signaling cascade, affecting other biomolecules, hormones concerning growth, development, or regulation of stress tolerance. Therefore, a good balance between ROS generation and the antioxidant defense system protects photosynthetic machinery, maintains membrane integrity, and prevents damage to nucleic acids and proteins. Notably, the antioxidant defense system not only scavenges ROS but also regulates the ROS titer for signaling. A glut of studies have been executed over the last few decades to discover the pattern of ROS generation and ROS scavenging. Reports suggested a sharp threshold level of ROS for being beneficial or toxic, depending on the plant species, their growth stages, types of abiotic stresses, stress intensity, and duration. Approaches towards enhancing the antioxidant defense in plants is one of the vital areas of research for plant biologists. Therefore, in this review, we accumulated and discussed the physicochemical basis of ROS production, cellular compartment-specific ROS generation pathways, and their possible distressing effects. Moreover, the function of the antioxidant defense system for detoxification and homeostasis of ROS for maximizing defense is also discussed in light of the latest research endeavors and experimental evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (T.I.A.); (M.M.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (M.F.)
| | | | - Khursheda Parvin
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan;
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Tasnim Farha Bhuiyan
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (T.F.B.); (K.N.)
| | - Taufika Islam Anee
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (T.I.A.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (T.F.B.); (K.N.)
| | | | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Md. Mahabub Alam
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (T.I.A.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan;
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (M.F.)
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