1
|
Saberi Riseh R, Gholizadeh Vazvani M, Vatankhah M, Kennedy JF. Chitin-induced disease resistance in plants: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131105. [PMID: 38531527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Chitin is composed of N-acetylglucosamine units. Chitin a polysaccharide found in the cell walls of fungi and exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans, can elicit a potent defense response in plants. Through the activation of defense genes, stimulation of defensive compound production, and reinforcement of physical barriers, chitin enhances the plant's ability to defend against pathogens. Chitin-based treatments have shown efficacy against various plant diseases caused by fungal, bacterial, viral, and nematode pathogens, and have been integrated into sustainable agricultural practices. Furthermore, chitin treatments have demonstrated additional benefits, such as promoting plant growth and improving tolerance to abiotic stresses. Further research is necessary to optimize treatment parameters, explore chitin derivatives, and conduct long-term field studies. Continued efforts in these areas will contribute to the development of innovative and sustainable strategies for disease management in agriculture, ultimately leading to improved crop productivity and reduced reliance on chemical pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Mozhgan Gholizadeh Vazvani
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Vatankhah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories Ltd, WR15 8FF Tenbury Wells, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xuan C, Feng M, Li X, Hou Y, Wei C, Zhang X. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Chitinase Genes in Watermelon under Abiotic Stimuli and Fusarium oxysporum Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:638. [PMID: 38203810 PMCID: PMC10779513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitinases, which catalyze the hydrolysis of chitin, the primary components of fungal cell walls, play key roles in defense responses, symbiotic associations, plant growth, and stress tolerance. In this study, 23 chitinase genes were identified in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus [Thunb.]) and classified into five classes through homology search and phylogenetic analysis. The genes with similar exon-intron structures and conserved domains were clustered into the same class. The putative cis-elements involved in the responses to phytohormone, stress, and plant development were identified in their promoter regions. A tissue-specific expression analysis showed that the ClChi genes were primarily expressed in the roots (52.17%), leaves (26.09%), and flowers (34.78%). Moreover, qRT-PCR results indicate that ClChis play multifaceted roles in the interaction between plant/environment. More ClChi members were induced by Race 2 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, and eight genes were expressed at higher levels on the seventh day after inoculation with Races 1 and 2, suggesting that these genes play a key role in the resistance of watermelon to Fusarium wilt. Collectively, these results improve knowledge of the chitinase gene family in watermelon species and help to elucidate the roles played by chitinases in the responses of watermelon to various stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (C.X.); (M.F.); (X.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Mengjiao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (C.X.); (M.F.); (X.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (C.X.); (M.F.); (X.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yinjie Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (C.X.); (M.F.); (X.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Chunhua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (C.X.); (M.F.); (X.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Xian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (C.X.); (M.F.); (X.L.); (Y.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin 300384, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen B, Bian X, Tu M, Yu T, Jiang L, Lu Y, Chen X. Moderate Salinity Stress Increases the Seedling Biomass in Oilseed Rape ( Brassica napus L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1650. [PMID: 37111872 PMCID: PMC10144440 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), an important oil crop of the world, suffers various abiotic stresses including salinity stress during the growth stage. While most of the previous studies paid attention to the adverse effects of high salinity stress on plant growth and development, as well as their underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms, less attention was paid to the effects of moderate or low salinity stress. In this study, we first tested the effects of different concentrations of NaCl solution on the seedling growth performance of two oilseed rape varieties (CH336, a semi-winter type, and Bruttor, a spring type) in pot cultures. We found that moderate salt concentrations (25 and 50 mmol L-1 NaCl) can stimulate seedling growth by a significant increase (10~20%, compared to controls) in both above- and underground biomasses, as estimated at the early flowering stage. We then performed RNA-seq analyses of shoot apical meristems (SAMs) from six-leaf-aged seedlings under control (CK), low (LS, 25 mmol L-1), and high (HS, 180 mmol L-1) salinity treatments in the two varieties. The GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) demonstrated that such a stimulating effect on seedling growth by low salinity stress may be caused by a more efficient capacity for photosynthesis as compensation, accompanied by a reduced energy loss for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and redirecting of energy to biomass formation. Our study provides a new perspective on the cultivation of oilseed rape in saline regions and new insights into the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in Brassica crops. The candidate genes identified in this study can serve as targets for molecular breeding selection and genetic engineering toward enhancing salt tolerance in B. napus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beini Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhihe Road 1158, Jinhua 321017, China (T.Y.)
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaobo Bian
- Institute of Crop Science, Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhihe Road 1158, Jinhua 321017, China (T.Y.)
| | - Mengxin Tu
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Institute of Crop Science, Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhihe Road 1158, Jinhua 321017, China (T.Y.)
| | - Lixi Jiang
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yunhai Lu
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhihe Road 1158, Jinhua 321017, China (T.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
He T, Fan J, Jiao G, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Luo N, Ahmad B, Chen Q, Wen Z. Bioinformatics and Expression Analysis of the Chitinase Genes in Strawberry ( Fragaria vesca) and Functional Study of FvChi-14. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1543. [PMID: 37050169 PMCID: PMC10097121 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14) are pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and are well studied in many plant species. However, little is known about the genomic organization and expression of chitinase genes in strawberries (Fragaria vesca). Here, 23 FvChi genes were identified in the genome of strawberry (F. vesca) and divided into GH18 and GH19 subfamilies based on phylogenetic relationships. A detailed bioinformatics analysis of the FvChi genes was performed, including gene physicochemical properties, chromosomal location, exon-intron distribution, domain arrangement, and subcellular localization. Twenty-two FvChi genes showed upregulation after Colletotrichum gloeosporioides infection. Following the exogenous application of SA, FvChi-3, 4, and 5 showed significant changes in expression. The ectopic expression of FvChi-14 in Arabidopsis thaliana increased resistance to C. higginsianum via controlling the SA and JA signaling pathway genes (AtPR1, AtICS1, AtPDF1.2, and AtLOX3). The FvChi-14 protein location was predicted in the cell wall or extracellular matrix. We speculate that FvChi-14 is involved in disease resistance by regulating the SA and JA signaling pathways. The findings of this study provide a theoretical reference for the functional studies of FvChi genes and new candidates for strawberry stress resistance breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiannan He
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jianshuai Fan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Gaozhen Jiao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qimeng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ning Luo
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Qingxi Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhifeng Wen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wei Y, Chong Z, Lu C, Li K, Liang C, Meng Z, Wang Y, Guo S, He L, Zhang R. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the cotton patatin-related phospholipase A genes and response to stress tolerance. PLANTA 2023; 257:49. [PMID: 36752875 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Patatin-related phospholipase A genes were involved in the response of Gossypium hirsutum to drought and salt tolerance. pPLA (patatin-related phospholipase A) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the initial step of lipid hydrolysis, which is involved in biological processes, such as drought, salt stress, and freezing injury. However, a comprehensive analysis of the pPLA gene family in cotton, especially the role of pPLA in the response to drought and salt tolerance, has not been reported so far. A total of 33 pPLA genes were identified in this study using a genome-wide search approach, and phylogenetic analysis classified these genes into three groups. These genes are unevenly distributed on the 26 chromosomes of cotton, and most of them contain a few introns. The results of the collinear analysis showed that G. hirsutum contained 1-5 copies of each pPLA gene found in G. arboreum and G. raimondii. The subcellular localization analysis of Gh_D08G061200 showed that the protein was localized in the nucleus. In addition, analysis of published upland cotton transcriptome data revealed that six GhPLA genes were expressed in various tissues and organs. Two genes (Gh_A04G142100.1 and Gh_D04G181000.1) were highly expressed in all tissues under normal conditions, showing the expression characteristics of housekeeping genes. Under different drought and salt tolerance stresses, we detected four genes with different expression levels. This study helps to clarify the role of pPLA in the response to drought and salt tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Wei
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun, Nandajie No. 12, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhili Chong
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun, Nandajie No. 12, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Plant Science, Tarim University, 1487 East Tarim Avenue, Aral City, 843300, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun, Nandajie No. 12, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Kaili Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun, Nandajie No. 12, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun, Nandajie No. 12, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhigang Meng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun, Nandajie No. 12, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun, Nandajie No. 12, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Sandui Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun, Nandajie No. 12, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Liangrong He
- College of Plant Science, Tarim University, 1487 East Tarim Avenue, Aral City, 843300, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguancun, Nandajie No. 12, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vining KJ, Pandelova I. Dynamic Tissue—Specific Transcriptome Changes in Response to Verticillium dahliae in Wild Mint Species Mentha longifolia. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11050674. [PMID: 35270144 PMCID: PMC8912525 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mentha longifolia is a wild mint species being used as a model to study the genetics of resistance to the fungal wilt pathogen Verticillium dahliae. We used high-throughput Illumina sequencing to study gene expression in response to V. dahliae inoculation in two M. longifolia USDA accessions with contrasting phenotypes: wilt-resistant CMEN 585 and wilt-susceptible CMEN 584. Roots and stems were sampled at two early post-inoculation time points, four hours and twenty-four hours, and again at ten days and twenty days post-inoculation. Overall, many more genes were differentially-regulated in wilt-resistant CMEN 585 than in wilt-susceptible CMEN 584. The greatest numbers of differentially expressed genes were found in the roots of CMEN 585 at the early time points. Specific genes exhibiting early, strong upregulation in roots of CMEN 585 but not in CMEN 584 included homologs of known plant defense response genes as well as genes involved in monoterpene biosynthesis. These genes were also upregulated in stems at the later time points. This study provides a comprehensive view of transcription reprogramming in Verticillium wilt-resistant mint, which will be the basis for further study and for molecular marker development.
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang S, Cai W, Shen L, Wu R, Cao J, Tang W, Lu Q, Huang Y, Guan D, He S. Solanaceous plants switch to cytokinin-mediated immunity against Ralstonia solanacearum under high temperature and high humidity. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:459-478. [PMID: 34778967 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant diseases generally tend to be more serious under conditions of high temperature and high humidity (HTHH) than under ambient temperature, but plant immunity against pathogen attacks under HTHH remains elusive. Herein, we used pepper as an example to study how Solanaceae cope with Ralstonia solanacearum infection (RSI) under HTHH by performing RNA-seq combined with the reverse genetic method. The result showed that immunities mediated by salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) in pepper roots were activated by RSI under ambient temperature. However, upon RSI under HTHH, JA signalling was blocked and SA signalling was activated early but its duration was greatly shortened in pepper roots, instead, expression of CaIPT5 and Glutathione S-transferase encoding genes, as well as endogenous content of trans-Zeatin, were enhanced. In addition, by silencing in pepper plants and overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana, CaIPT5 was found to act positively in the immune response to RSI under HTHH in a way related to CaPRP1 and CaMgst3. Furthermore, the susceptibility of pepper, tomato and tobacco to RSI under HTHH was significantly reduced by exogenously applied tZ, but not by either SA or MeJA. All these data collectively suggest that pepper employs cytokinin-mediated immunity to cope with RSI under HTHH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Weiwei Cai
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Lei Shen
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Ruijie Wu
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Jianshen Cao
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Weiqi Tang
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Qiaoling Lu
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yu Huang
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Deyi Guan
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Shuilin He
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| |
Collapse
|