1
|
Jin X, Ackah M, Wang L, Amoako FK, Shi Y, Essoh LG, Li J, Zhang Q, Li H, Zhao W. Magnesium Nutrient Application Induces Metabolomics and Physiological Responses in Mulberry ( Morus alba) Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119650. [PMID: 37298601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba) is a significant plant with numerous economic benefits; however, its growth and development are affected by nutrient levels. A high level of magnesium (Mg) or magnesium nutrient starvation are two of the significant Mg factors affecting plant growth and development. Nevertheless, M. alba's metabolic response to different Mg concentrations is unclear. In this study, different Mg concentrations, optimal (3 mmol/L), high (6 mmol/L and 9 mmol/L), or low (1 and 2 mmol/L) and deficient (0 mmol/L), were applied to M. alba for three weeks to evaluate their effects via physiological and metabolomics (untargeted; liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)) studies. Several measured physiological traits revealed that Mg deficiency and excess Mg altered net photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, leaf Mg content and fresh weight, leading to remarkable reductions in the photosynthetic efficiency and biomass of mulberry plants. Our study reveals that an adequate supply of the nutrient Mg promoted the mulberry's physiological response parameters (net photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, leaf and root Mg content and biomass). The metabolomics data show that different Mg concentrations affect several differential metabolite expressions (DEMs), particularly fatty acyls, flavonoids, amino acids, organic acid, organooxygen compounds, prenol lipids, coumarins, steroids and steroid derivatives, cinnamic acids and derivatives. An excessive supply of Mg produced more DEMs, but negatively affected biomass production compared to low and optimum supplies of Mg. The significant DEMs correlated positively with mulberry's net photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, leaf Mg content and fresh weight. The mulberry plant's response to the application of Mg used metabolites, mainly amino acids, organic acids, fatty acyls, flavonoids and prenol lipids, in the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways. These classes of compounds were mainly involved in lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, the biosynthesis of other amino acids, the metabolism of cofactors and vitamin pathways, indicating that mulberry plants respond to Mg concentrations by producing a divergent metabolism. The supply of Mg nutrition was an important factor influencing the induction of DEMs, and these metabolites were critical in several metabolic pathways related to magnesium nutrition. This study provides a fundamental understanding of DEMs in M. alba's response to Mg nutrition and the metabolic mechanisms involved, which may be critical to the mulberry genetic breeding program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Michael Ackah
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Frank Kwarteng Amoako
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Yisu Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Lionnelle Gyllye Essoh
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Jianbin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Qiaonan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Haonan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Weiguo Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhang W, Peng M, Tan G, Qaseem MF, Li H, Wu AM. Physiological and transcriptomic responses to magnesium deficiency in Neolamarckia Cadamba. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107645. [PMID: 36963300 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is a critical component of chlorophyll and enzymes involved in various physiological and biochemical processes essential for plant growth, biomass accumulation, and photosynthesis. Mg2+ deficiency (MgD) is common in hot and rainy subtropical areas due to its easy loss from soil. Neolamarckia cadamba, an important tropical tree in South Asia, faces severe effects of MgD, however, the responses of N. cadamba to MgD stress remain unclear. In here, effects of N. cadamba under MgD stress were investigated. The study revealed that MgD had lower plant biomass, fresh and dry weight, root length, root volume, and surface area compared to CK (normal Mg2+). As treatment time increased, the leaves began to yellow, and lesions appeared. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content, along with fluorescence-related parameters and leaf photosynthetic capacity, were significantly reduced in MgD stress compared to CK treatment. Transcriptome analysis showed that transporters as well as transcription factors (TFs) from MYC (v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog), MYB (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog), bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) and WRKY families were upregulated in leaves at 10 d of MgD stress, indicating that magnesium signaling transduction might be activated to compensate MgD. In addition, genes including chlorophyll(ide) b reductase (NYC1/NOL) chlorophyll/bacteriochlorophyll synthase (G4) and 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase synthesizing (HCAR) chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were down-regulated in leaves, while those scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) were mainly up-regulated at 10 d of MgD stress. These results shed light on underlying MgD in N. cadamba.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mengxuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guoqing Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mirza Faisal Qaseem
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huiling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu C, Lou Y, Yang K, Liu Y, Xiao X, Li Z, Guo D, Sun H, Gao Z. Integrative analyses of morphology, physiology, and transcriptional expression profiling reveal miRNAs involved in culm color in bamboo. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:992794. [PMID: 36164374 PMCID: PMC9508110 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.992794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Culm color variation is an interesting phenomenon that contributes to the breeding of new varieties of ornamental plants during domestication. De-domesticated variation is considered ideal for identifying and interpreting the molecular mechanisms of plant mutations. However, the variation in culm color of bamboo remains unknown. In the present study, yellow and green culms generated from the same rhizome of Phyllostachys vivax cv. Aureocaulis (P. vivax) were used to elucidate the molecular mechanism of culm color formation. Phenotypic and physiological data showed that environmental suitability was higher in green culms than in yellow culms. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed 295 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 22 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) in two different colored bamboo culms. There were 103 DEM-DEG interaction pairs, of which a representative "miRNA-mRNA" regulatory module involved in photosynthesis and pigment metabolism was formed by 14 DEM-DEG pairs. The interaction of the three key pairs was validated by qPCR and dual-luciferase assays. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of miRNAs involved in P. vivax culm color formation, which provides evidence for plant de-domestication and is helpful for revealing the evolutionary mechanism of bamboo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenglei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Yongfeng Lou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang, China
| | - Kebin Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyang Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Huayu Sun
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Gao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Gene Science and Industrialization for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Infection by Pseudocercospora musae leads to an early reprogramming of the Musa paradisiaca defense transcriptome. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:177. [PMID: 35855477 PMCID: PMC9288577 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep sequencing technologies such as RNA sequencing can help unravel mechanisms governing defense or resistance responses in plant-pathogen interactions. Several studies have been carried out to investigate the transcriptomic changes in Musa germplasm against Yellow Sigatoka disease, but the defense response of Musa paradisiaca has not been investigated so far. We carried out transcriptome sequencing of M. paradisiaca var. Kachkal infected with the pathogen Pseudocercospora musae and found that a vast set of genes were upregulated while many genes were downregulated in the resistant cultivar as a result of infection. After transcriptome assembly and differential gene expression analysis, 429 upregulated and 156 downregulated genes were filtered out (considering fold change ± 2, p < 0.01). Functional annotation of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) enriched the upregulated genes into 49 gene ontology (GO) classes of biological processes (BP), 20 classes of molecular function (MF) and 9 classes of cellular component (CC). Similarly, the downregulated genes were classified into 35 GO classes of BP, 28 classes of MF and 6 classes of CC. The KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the upregulated genes were most highly represented in 'metabolic' and 'biosynthesis of secondary metabolites' pathways. Additionally, 'plant hormone signal transduction', 'plant-pathogen interaction' and 'phenylpropanoid biosynthesis' pathways were also significantly enriched indicating their involvement in resistance responses against the pathogen. The RNA-seq analysis also depicts that a range of important defense-related genes are modulated as a result of infection, all of which are responsible for either mediating or activating resistance responses in the host. We studied and validated the expression profiles of ten important defense-related genes potentially involved in conferring resistance to the pathogen through qRT-PCR. Almost all the selected defense-related genes were found to be highly and significantly upregulated within 24 h post inoculation (hpi) and for some genes, the expression remained consistently high till the later time point of 72 hpi. These results, thus, indicate that the infection by P. musae leads to a rapid reprogramming of the defense transcriptome of the resistant banana cultivar. The defense-related genes identified to be modulated in response to infection are important not only for pathogen recognition and perception but also for activation and persistence of defense in the host. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03245-9.
Collapse
|