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Morovati S, Mohammadi A, Masoudi R, Heidari AA, Asad Sangabi M. The power of mumps virus: Matrix protein activates apoptotic pathways in human colorectal cell lines. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295819. [PMID: 38091318 PMCID: PMC10718445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
New therapeutic approaches can significantly impact the control of colorectal cancer (CRC), which is increasing worldwide. In this study, we investigated the potential of targeting viral proteins to combat cancer cells. Specifically, we examined the anticancer potential of the matrix (M) protein of the mumps virus Hoshino strain in SW480 CRC cell lines. To begin, we individually transfected SW480 cells with pcDNA3 plasmids containing the mumps virus M gene. We then investigated the percentage of cell death, caspase activity, and the expression levels of genes involved in apoptosis pathways. Following this, we performed bioinformatics analysis on the M protein to identify any similarities with Bcl-2 family members and their viral homologs. Our diagnostic methods showed that treatment with the mumps M protein induced apoptosis and upregulated the expression and activity of pro-apoptotic proteins in SW480 CRC cells compared to the control and vector groups. Based on our bioinformatics studies, we proposed that the BH3 motif in the M protein may trigger apoptosis in CRC cells by interacting with cellular Bax. Overall, our study showed for the first time that the mumps virus M protein could be considered as a targeted treatment for CRC by inducing apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Morovati
- Department of Pathobiology, Division of Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Pathobiology, Division of Virology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Masoudi
- Department of Pathobiology, Division of Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Heidari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Asad Sangabi
- Department of Pathobiology, Division of Virology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Gryko M, Łukaszewicz-Zając M, Guzińska-Ustymowicz K, Kucharewicz M, Mroczko B, Algirdas U. The caspase-8 and procaspase-3 expression in gastric cancer and non-cancer mucosa in relation to clinico-morphological factors and some apoptosis-associated proteins. Adv Med Sci 2023; 68:94-100. [PMID: 36842408 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to assess the expression of caspase-8 and procaspase-3 proteins in gastric cancer (GC) cells and non-cancerous mucosa in relation to clinical and morphological characteristics of the tumor, postoperative survival as well as other apoptosis-related proteins. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 91 GC patients. Expression of the proteins was assessed using immunohistochemical method. RESULTS Positive expression of procaspase-3 was found in all GC cells. A significant difference was found between high expression of this protein in cancer cells (70.3%) and non-cancerous mucosa (1.25%) (p ≤ 0.05). Caspase-8 expression was observed in 50.7% of GC cells and 46.7% of mucosa. Caspase-8 was more common in Lauren type II compared to Lauren type I cancer (p = 0.009), while a statistically significant difference was reported between positive procaspase-3 expression and differentiation of GC (p = 0.043) and Lauren's classification (p = 0.028). We observed a significant positive correlation between the expression of caspase-8 and bcl-xl (p = 0.030) as well as between the procaspase-3 and BID (p = 0.026). Positive caspase-8 expression was associated with longer survival of GC patients (p ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate the potential role of the analyzed proteins in GC pathogenesis. Positive expression of caspase-8 is associated with longer survival and better patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Gryko
- Second Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | | | | | - Mariola Kucharewicz
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok Clinical Hospital, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Utkus Algirdas
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Subcellular localization of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) in cancer: does that matter? BBA ADVANCES 2022; 2:100050. [PMID: 37082602 PMCID: PMC10074912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2022.100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) finely tunes the balance between survival and death to control homeostasis. XIAP is found aberrantly expressed in cancer, which has been shown to promote resistance to therapy-induced apoptosis and confer poor outcome. Despite its predominant cytoplasmic localization in human tissues, growing evidence implicates the expression of XIAP in other subcellular compartments in sustaining cancer hallmarks. Herein, we review our current knowledge on the prognostic role of XIAP localization and discuss molecular mechanisms underlying differential biological functions played in each compartment. The comprehension of XIAP subcellular shuttling and functional dynamics might provide the rationale for future anticancer therapeutics.
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Clinically Relevant Genes and Proteins Modulated by Tocotrienols in Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines: Systematic Scoping Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114056. [PMID: 34836311 PMCID: PMC8625890 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed tremendous growth in tocotrienols (T3s) research, especially in the field of oncology, owing to potent anticancer property. Among the many types of cancers, colorectal cancer (CRC) is growing to become a serious global health threat to humans. Chemoprevention strategies in recent days are open to exploring alternative interventions to inhibit or delay carcinogenesis, especially with the use of bioactive natural compounds, such as tocotrienols. This scoping review aims to distil the large bodies of literature from various databases to identify the genes and their encoded modulations by tocotrienols and to explicate important mechanisms via which T3s combat CRC. For this scoping review, research papers published from 2010 to early 2021 related to T3s and human CRC cells were reviewed in compliance with the PRISMA guidelines. The study included research articles published in English, searchable on four literature databases (Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase) that reported differential expression of genes and proteins in human CRC cell lines following exposure to T3s. A total of 12 articles that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study were short-listed for data extraction and analysis. The results from the analysis of these 12 articles showed that T3s, especially its γ and δ analogues, modulated the expression of 16 genes and their encoded proteins that are associated with several important CRC pathways (apoptosis, transcriptional dysregulation in cancer, and cancer progression). Further studies and validation work are required to scrutinize the specific role of T3s on these genes and proteins and to propose the use of T3s to develop adjuvant or multi-targeted therapy for CRC.
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刘 娟, 刘 星, 魏 宝, 刘 洁, 王 悦, 刘 辉. [Effect of stable overexpression of XAF1 gene on biological characteristics of ovarian cancer A2780 cells]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:760-766. [PMID: 34134965 PMCID: PMC8214961 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.05.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct an ovarian cancer cell line stably overexpressing XAF1 gene and observe the effects of XAF1 gene overexpression on proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle and sensitivity to paclitaxel of the cells. OBJECTIVE Ovarian cancer A2780 cells were transfected with the plasmids pcDNA3.1(+) or pcDNA3.1(+)-XAF1, and the cells stably Over expressing XAF1 (A2780/XAF1 cells) were screened using G418. Cell clone formation assay and CCK8 assay were used to evaluate the changes in proliferation and paclitaxel sensitivity of the transfected cells, and cell cycle and apoptosis of the cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. OBJECTIVE We successfully obtained A2780/XAF1 cells stably overexpressing XAF1, which exhibited no significant changes in cell morphology. Compared with the negative control cells (A2780/NC), A2780/XAF1 cells had lowered clone formation ability (P=0.0016) and attenuated proliferative activity on the first (P=0.009) and third (P=0.0035) days after cell adherence with also a significantly increased percentage of cells in G2-M phase (P < 0.001). A2780/XAF1 cells showed significantly higher apoptosis rates than A2780/NC cells in the absence of apoptotic stimulation, in serum-free culture or following paclitaxel induction (P < 0.001). The proliferative activity of A2780/XAF1 cells was significantly lower than that of A2780/NC cells after exposure to different paclitaxel concentrations (P < 0.001). The half inhibitory concentration of paclitaxel was significantly lower in A2780/XAF1 than in A2780/NC cells. OBJECTIVE Overexpression of XAF1 significantly inhibits the proliferation, induces cell cycle arrest, promotes apoptosis, and increases paclitaxel sensitivity in ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- 娟 刘
- 四川大学 华西第二医院妇产科,四川 成都 610041Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- 四川大学 出生缺陷与相关妇儿疾病教育部重点实验室,四川 成都 610041Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Gynecological Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 星辰 刘
- 成都市第 六人民医院妇科,四川 成都 610051Department of Gynecology, The Sixth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610051
| | - 宝宝 魏
- 成都中医药大学附属医院妇科,四川 成都 610075Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - 洁 刘
- 四川大学 华西第二医院妇产科,四川 成都 610041Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- 四川大学 出生缺陷与相关妇儿疾病教育部重点实验室,四川 成都 610041Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Gynecological Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 悦华 王
- 四川大学 华西第二医院妇产科,四川 成都 610041Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- 四川大学 出生缺陷与相关妇儿疾病教育部重点实验室,四川 成都 610041Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Gynecological Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 辉 刘
- 四川大学 华西第二医院妇产科,四川 成都 610041Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- 四川大学 出生缺陷与相关妇儿疾病教育部重点实验室,四川 成都 610041Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Gynecological Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Sokolova O, Naumann M. Manifold role of ubiquitin in Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4765-4783. [PMID: 33825941 PMCID: PMC8195768 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infection with H. pylori induces a strong host cellular response represented by induction of a set of molecular signaling pathways, expression of proinflammatory cytokines and changes in proliferation. Chronic infection and inflammation accompanied by secretory dysfunction can result in the development of gastric metaplasia and gastric cancer. Currently, it has been determined that the regulation of many cellular processes involves ubiquitinylation of molecular effectors. The binding of ubiquitin allows the substrate to undergo a change in function, to interact within multimolecular signaling complexes and/or to be degraded. Dysregulation of the ubiquitinylation machinery contributes to several pathologies, including cancer. It is not understood in detail how H. pylori impacts the ubiquitinylation of host substrate proteins. The aim of this review is to summarize the existing literature in this field, with an emphasis on the role of E3 ubiquitin ligases in host cell homeodynamics, gastric pathophysiology and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sokolova
- Medical Faculty, Otto Von Guericke University, Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Naumann
- Medical Faculty, Otto Von Guericke University, Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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Sallas ML, Zapparoli D, Dos Santos MP, Pereira JN, Orcini WA, Peruquetti RL, Chen ES, de Arruda Cardoso Smith M, Payão SLM, Rasmussen LT. Dysregulated Expression of Apoptosis-Associated Genes and MicroRNAs and Their Involvement in Gastric Carcinogenesis. J Gastrointest Cancer 2020; 52:625-633. [PMID: 32583363 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-019-00353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Analyze the expression of caspase-9, Smac/DIABLO, XIAP, let-7a, and let-7b in patients with normal gastric tissue, chronic gastritis, and gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODS The expression of caspase-9, Smac/DIABLO, XIAP, let-7a, and let-7b by qRT-PCR was analyzed in 158 samples from 53 patients with normal gastric mucosa, 86 with chronic gastritis, and 19 with gastric cancer. RESULTS The comparison between the gastric cancer and the control group revealed a decreased expression of caspase-9 in gastric cancer tissues; considering the Helicobacter pylor presence, comparable results were revealed. Smac/DIABLO was increased in gastric cancer cells, while XIAP demonstrated no significant difference in the gene expression. The microRNA analysis revealed a decreased expression of let-7a and let-7b in samples positive to H. pylori infection and in gastric cancer group, regardless of the presence of the bacterium. CONCLUSION Our study provided some evidence of low activity of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, as well as the influence of H. pylori on let-7a and let-7b expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Zapparoli
- Universidade do Sagrado Coração (USC), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ieong C, Yang H, Ma J, Lai W. Prognostic significance of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein in patients with gastrointestinal tract cancers: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e18497. [PMID: 32118702 PMCID: PMC7478481 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this meta-analysis was to systematically evaluate the prognostic significance of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) in patients with gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancers. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched for potentially eligible literature. The baseline characteristics and relevant data were extracted. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to assess the prognostic role of XIAP in patients with GIT cancers. RESULTS Twelve studies with 2,477 patients were included. The pooled HRs of higher expression of XIAP for overall survival (OS) and recurrence free survival (RFS) in patients with GIT cancers were 1.64 (95% CI, 1.27-2.13) and 1.06 (95% CI, 0.96-1.16), respectively. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were also performed. No significant publication bias was found. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that XIAP could be a prognostic marker for OS but not RFS in patients with GIT cancers. Higher expression of XIAP was related to poorer OS. These findings may help evaluate the prognosis of patients and assist future research on novel therapeutic strategies of GIT cancers by targeting XIAP. However, more well-designed studies are warranted to verify the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Ieong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Hong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Junpeng Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenli Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
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Ye DM, Xu G, Ma W, Li Y, Luo W, Xiao Y, Liu Y, Zhang Z. Significant function and research progress of biomarkers in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:17-29. [PMID: 31897111 PMCID: PMC6924079 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal tumor types, and the incidence and mortality rates are higher in men compared with women. Various studies have revealed that gastric cancer is a spectrum of tumor types, which have biological and genetic diversity. It has proven to be difficult to improve the overall survival and disease-free survival of patients with gastric cancer through the use of traditional surgery and chemoradiation, as gastric cancer is usually identified at an advanced stage. In consequence, the outcome is frequently poor. Thus, novel biomarkers and anticancer targets are required to improve the outcome. As the identification of biomarkers has increased due to advances in research and the greater availability of bioinformatics and functional genomics, the potential therapeutic regimens available have also increased concurrently. These advances have also improved the ability to predict responses to chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, whilst other biomarkers predict post-treatment survival and recurrence based on their expression. This review focuses closely on the important functions of biomarkers in the timely diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer, in addition to the advances in the study of certain novel markers in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Mei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Gaosheng Xu
- Department of Surgery, Yueyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Yueyang, Hunan 414000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Surgery, Yueyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Yueyang, Hunan 414000, P.R. China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Weiru Luo
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yiyang Xiao
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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Li S, Pan B, Li L, Shi B, Xie F, He C. Prognostic significance of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein in solid tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18111-18122. [PMID: 30847951 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is aberrantly expressed in solid tumors. Considering conflicting data, we conducted this meta-analysis to investigate its prognostic role. Electronic databases were searched to collect studies about associations between XIAP expressions and survival outcomes. Hazard ratio (HR), odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were utilized as effect size estimates. A total of 3,794 patients from 21 published studies were included. The results revealed that high XIAP expressions correlated with age (OR = 2.02; 95% CI, 1.07-3.84), lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.69; 95% CI, 1.02-2.77), histological grade (OR = 2.04; 95% CI, 1.01-4.11), and tumor stage (OR = 2.18; 95% CI, 1.20-3.96). The combined HR revealed that high XIAP expressions associated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.60; 95% CI, 1.22-2.10). Our study suggested high XIAP expressions may be indicative of poor prognosis in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jilin University China-Japan Union Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Baoxiang Pan
- Department of Stomatology, Jilin University School Infirmary, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lihong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jilin University China-Japan Union Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bo Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Feng Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jilin University China-Japan Union Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chengyan He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jilin University China-Japan Union Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Gao X, Zhang L, Wei Y, Yang Y, Li J, Wu H, Yin Y. Prognostic Value of XIAP Level in Patients with Various Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Cancer 2019; 10:1528-1537. [PMID: 31031863 PMCID: PMC6485232 DOI: 10.7150/jca.28229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) plays an important role in cancer pathogenesis, which has been found to be overexpressed in multiple human cancers and associated with survival rates. Herein, we performed a meta-analysis to explore the predictive value of XIAP level in patients with various solid tumors. Methods: Relevant articles exploring the relationship between XIAP expression and survival of cancer patients were retrieved in PubMed, PMC, EMBASE and Web of Science published from 2001 to 2018. The combined hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the significance. Results: A total of 6554 patients from 40 articles were included in this meta-analysis. It was shown in 37 studies with 4864 cases that the over-expression of XIAP was associated with poorer overall survival (OS) (combined HR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.33-1.96). Meanwhile, 8 studies with 1862 cases revealed that elevated XIAP level predicted shorter disease-free survival (DFS) (HR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.03-4.59). Subgroup analyses showed that higher XIAP detection was related to worse OS in gastric cancer (HR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.18-1.72) and head and neck cancer (HNC) (HR=2.97, 95% CI: 1.97-4.47). Conclusion: Our results suggested that elevated XIAP level seemed to represent an unfavorable prognostic factor for clinical outcomes in cancer patients. However, there were limited studies describing the association between XIAP expression and clinical prognosis in each different type of tumors. Therefore, concrete roles of XIAP in various cancers need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yong Wei
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Gaochun People's Hospital, Nanjing, 211300, China
| | - Yiqi Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yongmei Yin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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12
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Li Y, Gao W, Ma Y, Zhu G, Chen F, Qu H. Dual targeting of survivin and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein suppresses the growth and promotes the apoptosis of gastric cancer HGC-27 cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:3489-3498. [PMID: 30127953 PMCID: PMC6096218 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer can be a fatal tumor and therefore represents one of the primary challenges in modern oncology. Survivin and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) are members of the IAP family, which exerts a strong inhibitory effect on cellular apoptosis. In previous studies, the expression levels of survivin and XIAP have been demonstrated to influence the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer; therefore, the present study investigated the effect of silencing survivin and XIAP on the biological activity of the gastric cancer HGC-27 cell line. It was demonstrated that the expression levels of survivin and XIAP were significantly increased in gastric cancer tissues, compared with the adjacent non-tumor tissues. Furthermore, it was observed that the expression levels of survivin and XIAP were similarly elevated in gastric cancer HGC-27 cells, compared with normal gastric epithelial GES-1cells. Furthermore, small interfering RNA-mediated surviving- or XIAP-knockdown, in addition to the dual knockdown of survivin and XIAP, inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of HGC-27 cells. Simultaneous inhibition of XIAP and survivin expression was more effective, compared with inhibition of XIAP or survivin alone. These results indicated that the dual knockdown of survivin and XIAP may be an effective strategy for treating gastric cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Guanyu Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Fuhui Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Qu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
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Asadi M, Shanehbandi D, Asvadi Kermani T, Sanaat Z, Zafari V, Hashemzadeh S. Expression Level of Caspase Genes in Colorectal Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:1277-1280. [PMID: 29801534 PMCID: PMC6031845 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.5.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Caspases proteins are protease enzymes involved in the initiation and execution of apoptosis process. Regulation of apoptosis process plays an important role in the normal biological events and development. In addition to developmental abnormalities, dysregulated apoptosis system may lead to tumorigenesis, autoimmunity, and other serious health problems. Aberrant regulation of apoptosis may also be the paramount cause of chemoresistance during cancer therapy. It is aimed through this study to evaluate the transcript levels of Caspase 3, 8, and 9 in tumoral tissues from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and compare it with normal marginal tissues. Methods: Fifty tumor tissues and their matched marginal tissues, as control group, were obtained from CRC patients. Total mRNA of all tissue samples was extracted and cDNA was synthesized. Using SYBR Green PCR master mix and Real-time gene expression technique, the transcript level of target genes was quantified. Results: Experiments indicated that mRNA expressions of caspase 9 and 3 were downregulated in tumoral tissues from CRC patients in comparison to marginal tissues. In contrast, tumoral tissues expressed mRNA of caspase 8 higher than normal marginal tissues. Modified transcript levels of caspase 3, 8, and 9 were correlated with the clinical manifestations of the patients. Conclusions: Alteration in the mRNA level of caspase genes may be involved in the development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Asadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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14
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Ogane N, Yasuda M, Kato H, Kato T, Yano M, Kameda Y, Kamoshida S. Cleaved caspase-3 expression is a potential prognostic factor for endometrial cancer with positive peritoneal cytology. Cytopathology 2018; 29:254-261. [DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Ogane
- Department of Pathology; Kanagawa Prefectural Ashigarakami Hospital; Matsuda Japan
| | - M. Yasuda
- Department of Pathology; Saitama Medical University International Medical Center; Hidaka Japan
| | - H. Kato
- Department of Gynecology; Kanagawa Cancer Center; Yokohama Japan
| | - T. Kato
- Department of Pathology; Saitama Medical University International Medical Center; Hidaka Japan
| | - M. Yano
- Department of Pathology; Saitama Medical University International Medical Center; Hidaka Japan
| | - Y. Kameda
- Department of Pathology; Kanagawa Prefectural Ashigarakami Hospital; Matsuda Japan
| | - S. Kamoshida
- Department of Medical Biophysics; Laboratory of Pathology; Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences; Kobe Japan
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE Evading apoptosis is one of the major hallmarks of cancer cells. Inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) proteins are considered as a most important gene families involved in apoptosis. BRUCE protein, a member of IAPs, is able to quench apoptosis as well as playing role in cell division. Our aim in this study was to analyze BRUCE protein expression in gastric carcinoma (GC) and its correlation with the clinicopathological features. METHODS Using immunohistochemistry, 52 GC specimens were studied for BRUCE protein expression. A validated scoring method was applied. RESULTS BRUCE protein expression was detected in majority of tumor tissues (98.07 %). A significant correlation between gender and BRUCE expression (p = 0.024) was detected. Indeed, females showed higher level of BRUCE expression than male patients. CONCLUSION Since specific expression of BRUCE protein was revealed in majority of GC tissues, BRUCE protein may be a useful therapeutic target for cancer therapy. Furthermore, based on the native role of BRUCE protein in inhibition of apoptosis, using this protein in targeted therapy of tumor cells may help to inhibit tumor cells growth and survival leading to rapid elimination of tumor mass.
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16
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Abbas M, Habib M, Naveed M, Karthik K, Dhama K, Shi M, Dingding C. The relevance of gastric cancer biomarkers in prognosis and pre- and post- chemotherapy in clinical practice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1082-1090. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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17
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Dizdar L, Tomczak M, Werner TA, Safi SA, Riemer JC, Verde PE, Stoecklein NH, Knoefel WT, Krieg A. Survivin and XIAP expression in distinct tumor compartments of surgically resected gastric cancer: XIAP as a prognostic marker in diffuse and mixed type adenocarcinomas. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6847-6856. [PMID: 29109763 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is considerable evidence that the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family serves a role in tumorigenesis. The most studied IAP family members, survivin and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), have been demonstrated to serve as biomarkers in distinct tumor entities. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the expression levels of both IAPs in the tumor center, invasion front and lymph node metastases of surgically resected gastric cancer (GC) specimens. Tissue microarrays containing samples from 201 primary GCs were analyzed. IAP expression was detected using immunohistochemistry in different tumor compartments, normal mucosa and lymph node metastases. In addition, the association between the expression levels of these proteins, and clinicopathological parameters and overall survival was investigated. High levels of survivin and XIAP were evident in GC, when compared with normal mucosa, and were correlated with intestinal-type and well-differentiated GC, as well as low International Union Against Cancer stages. Increased XIAP expression was detected in lymph node metastases as compared with corresponding primary tumors. XIAP overexpression was identified to be an independent negative prognostic marker in diffuse and mixed type GC. These results suggest a potential role of survivin and XIAP in the early phase of gastric carcinogenesis. In addition, increased XIAP expression in lymph node metastases supports the observation that IAPs serve an essential role in metastatic tumor disease. Since XIAP expression was identified to be associated with poor survival in diffuse and mixed type GC, XIAP may serve as a novel therapeutic target in these types of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levent Dizdar
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Monika Tomczak
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas A Werner
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sami A Safi
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jasmin C Riemer
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Pablo E Verde
- Coordination Centre for Clinical Trials, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Nikolas H Stoecklein
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfram T Knoefel
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Krieg
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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18
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Zhao WJ, Deng BY, Wang XM, Miao Y, Wang JN. XIAP associated factor 1 (XAF1) represses expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and regulates invasion, cell cycle, apoptosis, and cisplatin sensitivity of ovarian carcinoma cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:2453-8. [PMID: 25824780 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.6.2453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) associated factor 1 (XAF1) exhibits aberrantly low or absent expression in various human malignancies, closely associated with anti-apoptosis and overgrowth of cancer cells. However, limited attention has been directed towards the contribution of XAF1 to invasion, apoptosis, and cisplatin (DDP)-resistance of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells. This study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of XAF1 on invasion, cell cycle, apoptosis, and cisplatin-resistance by overexpressing XAF1 in SKOV-3 and SKOV-3/DDP cells. METHODS AND RESULTS The pEGFP-C1-XAF1 plasmid was transfected into SKOV-3 and SKOV-3/DDP cells, and the expression of XAF1 at both mRNA and protein levels was analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR and Western blotting. Overexpression of XAF1 suppressed XIAP expression in both SKOV-3 and SKOV-3/DDP cells. Transwell invasion assays demonstrated that XAF1 exerted a strong anti-invasive effect in XAF1-overexpressing cells. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis revealed that XAF1 overexpression arrested the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, and cell apoptosis analysis showed that overexpression of XAF1 enhanced apoptosis of SKOV-3 and SKOV-3/DDP cells apparently by activating caspase-9 and caspase-3. Furthermore, MTT assay confirmed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect of cisplatin in the tested tumor cells, and overexpression of XAF1 increased the sensitivity of SKOV-3 and SKOV-3/DDP cells to cisplatin-mediated anti- proliferative effects. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our data indicated that overexpression of XAF1 could suppress XIAP expression, inhibit invasion, arrest cell cycle, promote apoptosis, and confer cisplatin-sensitivity in SKOV-3 and SKOV-3/DDP cells. Therefore, XAF1 may be further assessed as a potential target for the treatment of both cisplatin-resistant and non-resistant EOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Zhao
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China E-mail :
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19
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Jin Z, Jiang W, Wang L. Biomarkers for gastric cancer: Progression in early diagnosis and prognosis (Review). Oncol Lett 2015; 9:1502-1508. [PMID: 25788990 PMCID: PMC4356326 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.2959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide and is a notable disease due to its heterogeneity. Recently, numerous studies have investigated the molecular basis of gastric cancer, involving the alteration of pathogenesis, and invasion and metastasis. With the development of modern technologies, various novel biomarkers had been identified that appear to possess diagnostic and prognostic value; therefore, the present review describes our current knowledge of biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer. Classic biomarkers for gastric cancer diagnosis include carcinoembryonic antigen and cancer antigen 19-9, while microRNA and DNA hypomethylation are proposed as novel biomarkers. Excluding classical biomarkers, biomarkers for determining the progression and prognosis of gastric cancer focus on targeting microRNAs, epigenetic alterations and genetic polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziliang Jin
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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20
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Amptoulach S, Lazaris AC, Giannopoulou I, Kavantzas N, Patsouris E, Tsavaris N. Expression of caspase-3 predicts prognosis in advanced noncardia gastric cancer. Med Oncol 2014; 32:416. [PMID: 25476481 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is strong evidence that tumor growth is not only a result of uncontrolled cell proliferation but also of decreased apoptosis. Caspase-3 is a member of interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme which is involved in the induction of apoptosis. Data on the expression of caspase-3 in patients with gastric cancer and its association with patient outcome are somewhat contradictory. We aimed to investigate the potential relation of the expression of caspase-3 protein with response to therapy and overall survival in patients with advanced noncardia gastric cancer. Tumor tissue samples collected from 359 consecutive patients with gastric cancer stage IV were retrospectively analyzed for the expression of caspase-3 in the primary tumor. The DNA apoptotic index assessed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling method. All patients were followed up until death. Caspase-3 was expressed in 43.5 % of tumors. Caspase-3 expression compared to no expression was related with a higher DNA apoptotic index (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, tumor expression of caspase-3 was found to be an independent predictor of poor treatment response and survival (p < 0.05). Expression of caspase-3 in advanced gastric cancer is a predictor of poor response to treatment and survival. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the prognostic value of caspase-3 expression in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sousana Amptoulach
- Oncology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Laikon General Hospital, Athens University School of Medicine, 11527, Athens, Greece,
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21
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Shintani M, Sangawa A, Yamao N, Kamoshida S. Smac/DIABLO expression in human gastrointestinal carcinoma: Association with clinicopathological parameters and survivin expression. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:2581-2586. [PMID: 25364431 PMCID: PMC4214500 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of apoptosis is a key factor in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family. Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases/direct inhibitor of apoptosis-binding protein with low pI (Smac/DIABLO) is an antagonist of IAPs. Recently, Smac/DIABLO was identified as a potent therapeutic target. However, the clinical significance of Smac/DIABLO in gastrointestinal carcinomas remains unclear. In the present study, Smac/DIABLO expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 72 gastric adenocarcinomas and 78 colorectal adenocarcinomas. The expression of Smac/DIABLO was significantly higher in colorectal carcinoma than in gastric carcinoma. Additionally, a correlation was found between the expression of Smac/DIABLO and nuclear survivin in well- to moderately-differentiated colorectal adenocarcinomas (r=0.245; P<0.01). Based on these results, it was hypothesized that gastric and colorectal carcinomas differ in the level of Smac/DIABLO expression. Our previous studies revealed that the expression of cleaved caspase-9 was significantly lower in colorectal carcinoma than in gastric carcinoma (P<0.0001). Conversely, the expression levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), an autophagy marker, and survivin were significantly higher in colon cancer than in gastric cancer (P<0.0001 and P<0.01, respectively). Taken together, these results indicate that not only LC3 and survivin expression, but also Smac/DIABLO expression, are significantly higher in colorectal carcinoma than in gastric carcinoma. We hypothesize that the analysis of Smac/DIABLO, survivin and LC3 expression in colorectal carcinoma is likely to aid cancer therapy due to the involvement of these markers in apoptosis and/or autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Shintani
- Laboratory of Pathology, Division of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0142, Japan
| | - Akiko Sangawa
- Laboratory of Pathology, Division of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0142, Japan ; Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Osaka 543-8555, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0011, Japan
| | - Shingo Kamoshida
- Laboratory of Pathology, Division of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0142, Japan
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22
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Tissue microarray analysis of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) expression in breast cancer patients. Med Oncol 2014; 31:764. [PMID: 24446252 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0764-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine the diagnostic and prognostic potential of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) expression in breast cancer. We analyzed a tissue microarray comprised of 100 breast cancer cases and 70 matched normal samples. Analysis of an online database, which included 2,977 patients, was also performed. There was a significant difference in cytoplasmic expression of XIAP (XIAP-C) between breast cancer tissue and matched normal (p<0.001). Staining of XIAP-C was defined as negative (breast cancer 8.42% vs. normal 30.91%), slight (40.0 vs. 45.45%), moderate (43.16 vs. 23.64%), or high (8.42 vs. 0%). High XIAP-C protein expression correlated with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) status (p=0.010) and with human p53 mutant-type (P53) status (p=0.039). We found that XIAP expression did not correlate with disease-free survival (p=0.706) and overall survival (p=0.496) of breast cancer patients. An Internet-based system analysis confirmed our results. In the subgroup analysis, basal-like breast cancer patients with high XIAP levels in the tumor had a significantly increased risk of relapse; thus, the up-regulation of XIAP appeared to be predictive of poor relapse-free survival (p=0.013). Kaplan-Meier curves also identified a significant correlation between distant metastasis-free survival and XIAP expression in patients with lymph-node-negative disease (p=0.030). In summary, expression of XIAP-C was significantly higher in breast cancer compared to normal tissue. XIAP-C expression correlated with HER-2 status and may be considered a prognostic biomarker for basal-like breast cancer patients.
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23
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JIAO FENG, JIN ZILIANG, WANG LEI, WANG LIWEI. Research and clinical applications of molecular biomarkers in gastrointestinal carcinoma (Review). Biomed Rep 2013; 1:819-827. [PMID: 24649035 PMCID: PMC3917016 DOI: 10.3892/br.2013.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) carcinoma is a common malignant disease worldwide. Its development and progression is a multistage process involving a multifactorial etiology. Although the detailed mechanisms of the development of GI carcinoma remain controversial, the elucidation of its molecular biology over the last few years has resulted in a better perspective on its epidemiology, carcinogenesis and pathogenesis. More significantly, it is currently possible to use biological indicators or biomarkers in differential diagnosis, prognostic evaluation and specific clinical interventions. In this review, we aimed to describe the biomarkers of pathogenesis, invasion, metastasis and prognosis of GI carcinoma and discuss their potential clinical applications. The majority of these biomarkers, such as tumor-associated antigens, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, metastasis-associated genes, cell adhesion molecules, cytokines, growth factors and microRNAs, are currently broadly applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- FENG JIAO
- Department of Oncology, The First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - ZILIANG JIN
- Department of Oncology, The First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - LEI WANG
- Department of Oncology, The First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - LIWEI WANG
- Department of Oncology, The First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
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Role of survivin as prognostic and clinicopathological marker in gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:5501-11. [PMID: 23948878 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2650-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Survivin has been implicated as a potential prognostic marker in a wide range of malignant tumours. However, the prognostic impact of survivin in gastric cancer remains to be controversial and published data are sometimes heterogeneous. Thus, aim of this study was to review the literature by performing an electronical database search via PubMed and EMBASE to identify eligible studies that assessed the impact of survivin as prognostic marker and its association with clinicopathological variables. Database search until November 21st 2012 retrieved 20 studies comprising 2,695 gastric cancer patients that assessed expression of survivin by immunohistochemistry or RT-PCR analyses in gastric cancer specimens. Meta-analyses of clinicopathological variables revealed an association between the expression of survivin and the presence of lymph node metastases (pooled OR: 0.58; 95 % CI 0.35-0.96). In addition, a correlation between the expression of survivin and overall survival for patients with gastric cancer (pooled HR 1.93; 95 % CI 1.51-2.48) became evident. More importantly, we were able to exclude a severe heterogeneity (I(2) = 31 %) or publication bias for the survival analyses. Furthermore, one-way sensitivity analysis and subgroup analyses regarding the method used to detect survivin, the type of survival analysis, the study quality and whether information was provided regarding neoadjuvant therapy supported our initial results. In conclusion, this meta-analysis indicates the prognostic significance of survivin in patients with gastric cancer.
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25
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Ocker M, Höpfner M. Apoptosis-modulating drugs for improved cancer therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 48:111-20. [PMID: 22538523 DOI: 10.1159/000336875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to cell death induction has been recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Increasing understanding of the underlying molecular events regulating different cell death mechanisms like apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, necroptosis and others has opened new possibilities for targeted interference with these pathways. While conventional chemotherapeutic agents usually inhibit cell cycle progression, DNA replication or mitosis execution, novel agents like small molecule kinase inhibitors also target survival-related kinases and signaling pathways and contribute to overcome resistance to chemotherapy and apoptosis. Additionally, antibodies targeting cellular death receptors have been described to specifically target tumor cells only. This review briefly highlights the pathways involved in (apoptotic) cell death and summarizes the current state of development of specific modulators of cell death and how they can help to improve the tolerability of chemotherapy regimens and increase survival rates in patients with advanced cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ocker
- Institute for Surgical Research, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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