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Bîcă O, Ciongradi CI, Ivănuță M, Ianole V, Sârbu I, Cojocaru E, Bîcă DE, Lozneanu L. Diagnostic Value of SALL4 and OCT3/4 in Pediatric Testicular Tumors. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1454. [PMID: 39001344 PMCID: PMC11241718 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14131454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Testicular tumors (TTs) are rare in children, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This retrospective study evaluates the diagnostic and prognostic utility of SALL4 and OCT3/4 in pediatric TTs. We analyzed 18 cases of different types of TTs using immunohistochemistry (IHC) to assess SALL4 (Spalt-like transcription factor 4) and OCT3/4 (Octamer binding transcription factor 3/4) expression. SALL4 was positive in 83.3% of tumors, while OCT3/4 was positive in 38.9% of tumors, with a significantly higher prevalence in patients aged 12-18 years compared to those aged 0-11 years (p = 0.013). Mixed germinal cell tumors were significantly more frequently associated with OCT3/4 (p = 0.003), and a high immunostaining expression for SALL4 was observed primarily in yolk sac tumors and embryonal carcinoma. Our findings suggest that SALL4 and OCT3/4 immunostaining can aid in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning, and underscores the importance of OCT3/4 as a predictive factor in pediatric testicular tumors, highlighting its substantial correlation with tumor type and its impact on treatment response. These markers may guide personalized therapeutic strategies, potentially improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovidiu Bîcă
- 2nd Department of Surgery-Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Carmen Iulia Ciongradi
- 2nd Department of Surgery-Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Marius Ivănuță
- Department of Urology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Victor Ianole
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I-Pathology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Ioan Sârbu
- 2nd Department of Surgery-Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Elena Cojocaru
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I-Pathology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Delia Elena Bîcă
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Ludmila Lozneanu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I-Histology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
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Bîcă O, Ciongradi CI, Benchia D, Sârbu I, Alecsa M, Cristofor AE, Bîcă DE, Lozneanu L. Assessment of Molecular Markers in Pediatric Ovarian Tumors: Romanian Single-Center Experience. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6752. [PMID: 38928458 PMCID: PMC11204196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pediatric ovarian tumors exhibit unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This study evaluates the expression of SALL4 and OCT3/4 biomarkers in pediatric ovarian tumors and their associations with tumor subtype, stage, and clinical outcome. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 64 patients under 18 years old, examining demographic data, tumor characteristics, immunohistochemical staining, and clinical outcomes. Our results show that SALL4 was significantly expressed in adenocarcinoma, dysgerminoma (DSG), mixed germ cell tumors (GCTs), and immature teratoma, while OCT3/4 was highly expressed in DSG and mixed GCTs. Both markers are associated with a higher tumor grade and stage, indicating a more aggressive disease. The SALL4 positivity expression was correlated with high alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, while OCT3/4 positivity significantly predicted the risk of subsequent metastasis. The mean progression-free survival (PFS) was notably shorter in patients with positive markers. These findings underscore the diagnostic and prognostic value of SALL4 and OCT3/4 in pediatric ovarian tumors, aligning with previous research and supporting their use in clinical practice for better disease management and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovidiu Bîcă
- 2nd Department of Surgery—Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Carmen Iulia Ciongradi
- 2nd Department of Surgery—Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Diana Benchia
- 2nd Department of Surgery—Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Ioan Sârbu
- 2nd Department of Surgery—Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Mirabela Alecsa
- Department of Mother and Child, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Alexandra Elena Cristofor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Delia Elena Bîcă
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Ludmila Lozneanu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I—Histology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
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Davidson B, Solheim O. Cancer Stem Cell Markers Are Differentially Expressed in Malignant Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2023; 42:613-619. [PMID: 37186896 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the expression and potential clinical role of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers in malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCT). CD34, CD44, and SOX2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry was analyzed in 49 MOGCT from patients treated in Norway during the period 1980-2011. Expression was analyzed for association with tumor type and clinicopathologic parameters. Tumors were diagnosed as dysgerminoma (DG; n=15), immature teratoma (IT; n=15), yolk sac tumor (YST; n=12), embryonal carcinoma (n=2), and mixed MOGCT (n=5). Tumor cell CD34 expression was significantly more common in YST, whereas stromal expression was only seen in IT (both P <0.001). CD44 was infrequently expressed, most often focally, in tumor cells, particularly in YST ( P =0.026). CD44 was widely expressed in leukocytes, most prominently in DG. SOX2 was most frequently expressed in IT, with predominantly focal expression in some YST and uniform absence in DG ( P <0.001). Stromal CD34 ( P =0.012) and tumor cell SOX2 expression ( P =0.004) were negatively associated with the involvement of the ovarian surface, presumably due to the low incidence of this event in IT. No significant association was found between CSC marker expression and other clinicopathologic parameters, including age, laterality, tumor diameter, and FIGO stage. In conclusion, CSC markers are differentially expressed in various MOGCT types, suggesting differences in the regulation of cancer-related processes. Expression of CD34, CD44, and SOX2 does not appear to be associated with clinical parameters in this patient group.
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Neonatal Porcine Germ Cells Dedifferentiate and Display Osteogenic and Pluripotency Properties. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112816. [PMID: 34831039 PMCID: PMC8616047 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonocytes are progenitors of spermatogonial stem cells in the neonatal testis. We have previously shown that upon culturing, neonatal porcine gonocytes and their colonies express germ cell and pluripotency markers. The objectives of present study were to investigate in vitro trans-differentiation potential of porcine gonocytes and their colonies into cells from three germinal layers, and to assess pluripotency of cultured gonocytes/colonies in vivo. For osteogenic and tri-lineage differentiation, cells were incubated in regular culture media for 14 and 28 days, respectively. Cells were cultured for an additional 14 days for osteogenic differentiation or 7 days for differentiation into derivates of the three germinal layers. Osteogenic differentiation of cells and colonies was verified by Alizarin Red S staining and tri-lineage differentiation was confirmed using immunofluorescence and gene expression analyses. Furthermore, upon implantation into recipient mice, the cultured cells/colonies developed teratomas expressing markers of all three germinal layers. Successful osteogenic differentiation from porcine germ cells has important implications for bone regeneration and matrix formation studies. Hence, gonocytes emerge as a promising source of adult pluripotent stem cells due to the ability to differentiate into all germinal layers without typical biosafety risks associated with viral vectors or ethical implications.
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Reiswich V, Gorbokon N, Luebke AM, Burandt E, Menz A, Kluth M, Hube-Magg C, Wittmer C, Weidemann S, Fraune C, Möller K, Lebok P, Sauter G, Simon R, Uhlig R, Wilczak W, Jacobsen F, Minner S, Krech R, Bernreuther C, Marx A, Steurer S, Clauditz T, Krech T. Pattern of placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) expression in human tumors: a tissue microarray study on 12,381 tumors. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2021; 7:577-589. [PMID: 34363325 PMCID: PMC8503897 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) is commonly expressed at high levels in testicular germ cell tumors. PLAP immunohistochemistry (IHC) is thus often used to confirm this diagnosis, especially in cases of putative metastasis. However, other tumors can also express PLAP. To comprehensively determine PLAP expression in normal and tumor tissue, a tissue microarray containing 16,166 samples from 131 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 608 samples from 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by IHC. Moderate to strong PLAP positivity was found in 27 (21%) of 131 different tumor types including seminoma (96%), embryonal carcinoma (85%), and yolk sac tumors of the testis (56%); endometrioid carcinoma of the endometrium (28%) and the ovary (20%); gastric adenocarcinoma (22%); serous carcinoma (not otherwise specified) of the ovary (17%) and the uterus (11%); adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater (15%); carcinosarcoma of the ovary (11%) and the uterus (8%); esophageal adenocarcinoma (10%); invasive urothelial carcinoma (4%); cholangiocarcinoma (2%); and adenocarcinoma of the lung (1%). Low‐level PLAP immunostaining, often involving only a small fraction of tumor cells, was seen in 21 additional tumor entities. The clinical significance of PLAP expression may vary between tumor types as high PLAP expression was linked to advanced pathological tumor stage (p = 0.0086), nodal metastasis (p = 0.0085), and lymphatic (p = 0.0007) and blood vessel invasion (p = 0.0222) in colorectal cancer, but to low pathological tumor stage in endometrial cancer (p = 0.0043). In conclusion, our data identify several tumor entities that can show PLAP expression at comparable levels to testicular germ cell tumors. These tumor entities need to be considered in cases of PLAP‐positive metastasis. Low‐level PLAP expression can be found in various other tumor entities and should generally not be viewed as a strong argument for germ cell neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Reiswich
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Menz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Wittmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ria Uhlig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Krech
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
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Kei S, Adeyi OA. Practical Application of Lineage-Specific Immunohistochemistry Markers: Transcription Factors (Sometimes) Behaving Badly. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2019; 144:626-643. [PMID: 31385722 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2019-0226-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Transcription factors (TFs) are proteins that regulate gene expression and control RNA transcription from DNA. Lineage-specific TFs have increasingly been used by pathologists to determine tumor lineage, especially in the setting of metastatic tumors of unknown primary, among other uses. With experience gathered from its daily application and increasing pitfalls reported from immunohistochemical studies, these often-touted highly specific TFs are not as reliable as once thought. OBJECTIVES.— To summarize the established roles of many of the commonly used TFs in clinical practice and to discuss known and potential sources for error (eg, false-positivity from cross-reactivity, aberrant, and overlap "lineage-specific" expression) in their application and interpretation. DATA SOURCES.— Literature review and the authors' personal practice experience were used. Several examples selected from the University Health Network (Toronto, Ontario, Canada) are illustrated. CONCLUSIONS.— The application of TF diagnostic immunohistochemistry has enabled pathologists to better assess the lineage/origin of primary and metastatic tumors. However, the awareness of potential pitfalls is essential to avoid misdiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Kei
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Dr Lou); and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Dr Adeyi)
| | - Oyedele A Adeyi
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Dr Lou); and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (Dr Adeyi)
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7
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Fonseca A, Xia C, Lorenzo AJ, Krailo M, Olson TA, Pashankar F, Malogolowkin MH, Amatruda JF, Billmire DF, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Frazier AL, Shaikh F. Detection of Relapse by Tumor Markers Versus Imaging in Children and Adolescents With Nongerminomatous Malignant Germ Cell Tumors: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 2018; 37:396-402. [PMID: 30576269 DOI: 10.1200/jco.18.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate relapse detection methods among children and adolescents with nongerminomatous malignant germ cell tumors (MGCTs) and to determine whether tumor markers alone might be sufficient for surveillance. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all patients enrolled in a phase III, single-arm trial for low-risk and intermediate-risk MGCTs. The method used to detect relapse was assessed based on case report forms, tumor markers, imaging, and pathology reports. Relapses were classified into one of two categories on the basis of whether they were (1) detectable by tumor marker elevation or (2) not detectable by tumor markers. RESULTS A total of 302 patients were enrolled, and 284 patients had complete data for review. Seven patients had normal tumor markers at initial diagnosis, and none experienced a relapse. At a median follow-up of 5.3 years, 48 patients (16.9%) had experienced a relapse. After central review, 47 of 48 relapses (98%) were detected by tumor marker elevation. Of the 47 patients, 16 (33.3%) had abnormal tumor markers with normal/unknown imaging, 31 patients (64.6%) had abnormal tumor markers with abnormal imaging, and one patient (2.1%) had abnormal imaging with unknown marker levels at relapse. CONCLUSION Tumor marker elevation is a highly sensitive method of relapse surveillance, at least among children and adolescents with tumor marker elevation at initial diagnosis. Eliminating exposure to imaging with ionizing radiation may enhance the safety of relapse surveillance in patients treated for MGCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Fonseca
- 1 The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Armando J Lorenzo
- 1 The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Krailo
- 2 Children's Oncology Group, Monrovia, CA.,3 University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | | | - James F Amatruda
- 7 University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Children's Medical Center Dallas, Dallas, TX
| | | | | | - A Lindsay Frazier
- 10 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Furqan Shaikh
- 1 The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Ulbright TM. Pitfalls in the interpretation of specimens from patients with testicular tumours, with an emphasis on variant morphologies. Pathology 2017; 50:88-99. [PMID: 29129333 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of primary and metastatic tumours is essential in testicular cancer. While many cases are straightforward, some pose difficulties, especially when variant morphologies occur. Seminoma with 'atypical' features, including increased nuclear pleomorphism and crowding and greater cytoplasmic density with loss of membrane definition, mimics embryonal carcinoma, although ancillary features (fibrous septa, lymphocytes) and immunohistochemistry are of great help. Other deceptive seminoma features include prominent to exclusive intertubular growth, microcystic/tubular patterns, and signet-ring tumour cells. Conversely, embryonal carcinomas may have 'seminoma-like' foci, as may Sertoli cell tumours with diffuse growth and pale cytoplasm. Solid pattern yolk sac tumour mimics seminoma and, conversely, microcytic seminoma resembles yolk sac tumour. Other architectural patterns, ancillary yolk sac tumour features (intercellular basement membrane deposits, hyaline cytoplasmic globules) and immunohistochemistry aid in distinction from seminoma. Embryonal carcinomas may show, in addition to 'seminoma-like' foci, pseudoendodermal sinus-like structures, sieve-like patterns, endometrioid-like morphology and prominent zones of stratified columnar tumour cells. These may cause confusion with yolk sac tumour and teratoma, although careful attention to cytological features usually suffices for accurate diagnosis. Recent work has defined 'new' primary trophoblastic tumours, i.e., cystic trophoblastic tumour and epithelioid trophoblastic tumour. The newly termed 'spermatocytic tumour' occasionally consists mostly of a monotonous proliferation of intermediate-sized tumour cells with prominent nucleoli, thereby simulating either seminoma or embryonal carcinoma. Prostatic adenocarcinoma remains the most common tumour to metastasise to the testis and can cause confusion with rete carcinomas and primary germ cell tumours. Post-chemotherapy resections pose their own challenges. Effete tumour cells in areas of necrosis and prominent fibroxanthomatous reactions should not be interpreted as persistent, viable germ cell tumour. 'Fibrosis' often has atypical widely scattered spindle tumour cells in a densely collagenous background but does not merit additional treatment apart from excision. The marked cytological atypia that may occur in metastatic teratoma may be disconcerting but, again, the proper treatment is complete surgical excision rather than more chemotherapy. Glandular and sarcomatoid yolk sac tumours, which are almost exclusively seen after chemotherapy, resemble adenocarcinomas and sarcomas, respectively. Unlike de novo malignancies, they are mostly seen in sites expected for metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Ulbright
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Health Pathology Laboratory, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
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Sekulic M, Dolan M, Murugan P, Li F. Metastatic mature teratoma to the neck with respiratory-type epithelium: a case requiring evidence of chromosome 12p overrepresentation to differentiate malignant and benign diagnoses. APMIS 2017; 125:1125-1128. [PMID: 28960502 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Sekulic
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Dolan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paari Murugan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Faqian Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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10
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Evers M, Rechnitzer C, Graem N, Skov Wehner P, Schroeder H, Rosthoej S, Mosbech CH, Hoei-Hansen CE, Sehested A, Treger TD, Brok J. Epidemiological study of paediatric germ cell tumours revealed the incidence and distribution that was expected, but a low mortality rate. Acta Paediatr 2017; 106:779-785. [PMID: 28135773 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM Germ cell tumours (GCTs) are a rare heterogeneous tumour group derived from primordial germ cells, which can be benign or malignant and occur in the gonads or extragonadally. This study mapped the paediatric GCTs in Denmark from 1984 to 2013 to study the incidence and outcome. METHODS We identified paediatric GCTs from the Danish Childhood Cancer and National Pathology Registries and reviewed the case records for patient characteristics, tumour characteristics and clinical outcome. RESULTS We identified 403 (71% female) paediatric GCTs and the crude incidence was 1.43 per 100 000. Of these, 79 (20%) were malignant, 39 (10%) were potentially malignant and 285 (70%) were benign. Extragonadal GCTs (39%) were mainly observed in early childhood and were predominately sacrococcygeal teratomas. Gonadal GCTs (61%) in late childhood were most frequently mature teratomas in the ovaries. Nearly all patients underwent surgery. Of the malignant tumours, 62% were treated with chemotherapy. Radiotherapy was only administered to intracranial GCTs. In the cohort, 12 patients died (3%). CONCLUSION Paediatric GCTs in Denmark were mainly benign and mortality was low, even for malignant tumours. We identified a peak of extragonadal GCTs in early childhood and a peak of gonadal GCTs in late childhood, which was comparable to previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Evers
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Haematology and Oncology; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Catherine Rechnitzer
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Haematology and Oncology; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Niels Graem
- Department of Pathology; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Peder Skov Wehner
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology; H. C. Andersen Children's Hospital; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - Henrik Schroeder
- Department of Paediatric Oncology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Steen Rosthoej
- Paediatric Oncology Section; Paediatric Department; Aalborg University Hospital; Aalborg Denmark
| | | | | | - Astrid Sehested
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Haematology and Oncology; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Taryn D. Treger
- Cancer Section; Institute of Child Health; University College London; London UK
| | - Jesper Brok
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Haematology and Oncology; Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
- Cancer Section; Institute of Child Health; University College London; London UK
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11
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Pérez-Ramírez M, Hernández-Jiménez AJ, Guerrero-Guerrero A, Siordia-Reyes AG, Hernández-Caballero ME, García-Méndez A, Chico-Ponce de León F, Salamanca-Gómez FA, García-Hernández N. Pediatric pineal germinomas: Epigenetic and genomic approach. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2016; 152:45-51. [PMID: 27889662 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We identify and correlate chromosomal alterations, methylation patterns and gene expression in pediatric pineal germinomas. METHODS CGH microarray, methylation and gene expression were performed through the Agilent platform. The results were analyzed with MatLab software, MapViewer, DAVID, GeneCards and Hippie. RESULTS Amplifications were found in 1q24.2, 1q31.3, 2p11.2, 3p22.2, 7p13, 7p15.2, 8p22, 12p13.2, 14q24.3 y 22q12; and deletions were found in 1q21.2, 9p24.1, 10q11.22, 11q11, 15q11.2 and 17q21.31. In the methylation analysis, we observed 10,428 CpG Islands with a modified methylation status that may affect 11,726 genes. We identified 1260 overexpressed genes and 470 underexpressed genes. The genes RUNDC3A, CDC247, CDCA7L, ASAH1, TRA2A, LPL and NPC2 were altered among the three levels. CONCLUSIONS We identified the 1q24.2 and 1q31.3 amplified regions and the 1q21.3 and 11q11 deleted regions as the most important aims. The genes NPC2 and ASAH1 may play an important role in the development, progression and tumor maintenance. The ASAH1 gene is an ideal candidate to identify drug responses. These genomic and epigenetic studies may help to characterize the formation of pineal germ cell tumors to determine prognostic markers and also to identify shared characteristics in gonadal and extragonadal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monserrat Pérez-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana, Hospital de Pediatría "Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freud", Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI", IMSS, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, 06720, Del. Cuauhtémoc, México D.F., Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Ciudad Universitaria 3000, 04360, Coyoacán, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Alejo Justino Hernández-Jiménez
- Servicio de Neurocirugía Pediátrica, Hospital General "Dr. Gaudencio González Garza", Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", IMSS, Calzada Vallejo y Jacarandas S/N, 02980, Col. La Raza, Del. Azcapotzalco, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Armando Guerrero-Guerrero
- Servicio de Neurocirugía Pediátrica, Hospital General "Dr. Gaudencio González Garza", Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", IMSS, Calzada Vallejo y Jacarandas S/N, 02980, Col. La Raza, Del. Azcapotzalco, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Alicia Georgina Siordia-Reyes
- Servicio de Patología, Hospital de Pediatría "Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freud", Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI", IMSS, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, 06720, Del. Cuauhtémoc, México D.F., Mexico
| | | | - Antonio García-Méndez
- Servicio de Neurocirugía Pediátrica, Hospital General "Dr. Gaudencio González Garza", Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", IMSS, Calzada Vallejo y Jacarandas S/N, 02980, Col. La Raza, Del. Azcapotzalco, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Fernando Chico-Ponce de León
- Departamento de Neurocirugía, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162, Col. Doctores, 06720, Del. Cuauhtémoc, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Fabio Abdel Salamanca-Gómez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana, Hospital de Pediatría "Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freud", Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI", IMSS, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, 06720, Del. Cuauhtémoc, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Normand García-Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana, Hospital de Pediatría "Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freud", Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI", IMSS, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, 06720, Del. Cuauhtémoc, México D.F., Mexico.
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Pihlajoki M, Färkkilä A, Soini T, Heikinheimo M, Wilson DB. GATA factors in endocrine neoplasia. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 421:2-17. [PMID: 26027919 PMCID: PMC4662929 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
GATA transcription factors are structurally-related zinc finger proteins that recognize the consensus DNA sequence WGATAA (the GATA motif), an essential cis-acting element in the promoters and enhancers of many genes. These transcription factors regulate cell fate specification and differentiation in a wide array of tissues. As demonstrated by genetic analyses of mice and humans, GATA factors play pivotal roles in the development, homeostasis, and function of several endocrine organs including the adrenal cortex, ovary, pancreas, parathyroid, pituitary, and testis. Additionally, GATA factors have been shown to be mutated, overexpressed, or underexpressed in a variety of endocrine tumors (e.g., adrenocortical neoplasms, parathyroid tumors, pituitary adenomas, and sex cord stromal tumors). Emerging evidence suggests that GATA factors play a direct role in the initiation, proliferation, or propagation of certain endocrine tumors via modulation of key developmental signaling pathways implicated in oncogenesis, such as the WNT/β-catenin and TGFβ pathways. Altered expression or function of GATA factors can also affect the metabolism, ploidy, and invasiveness of tumor cells. This article provides an overview of the role of GATA factors in endocrine neoplasms. Relevant animal models are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjut Pihlajoki
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anniina Färkkilä
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tea Soini
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Heikinheimo
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David B Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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