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Kim GH, Lee JS, Lee JH, Park YS. Oxyntic Gland Neoplasms - From Adenoma to Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Review of 29 Cases. J Gastric Cancer 2024; 24:378-390. [PMID: 39375054 PMCID: PMC11471317 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2024.24.e30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxyntic gland neoplasm (OGN) is a rare condition that can be classified as oxyntic gland adenoma (OGA) or gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic-gland type (GA-FG). GA-FG primarily presents as early gastric cancer, with only a few reported cases of advanced gastric cancer (AGC). We aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features of OGN and describe an aggressive variant. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated a total of 29 cases, including a patient with double primary cases, diagnosed with OGN or differentiated-type adenocarcinoma with GA-FG morphology, between November 2016 and April 2022. We analyzed 54 pathological specimens and reviewed their clinicopathological, endoscopic, and histological features. The lesions were reclassified as OGA or GA-FG, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for MUC-5AC and MUC-6 was performed on available resected GA-FG cases. RESULTS The median patient age was 65 years and males accounted for 58.6% of patients. Most cases occurred in the body horizontally (69.0%) and on the greater curvature side cross-sectionally (48.3%). Endoscopically, type 0-IIa (41.4%) and a subepithelial tumor-like appearance (24.1%) were the most common findings. Histologically, there were 8 cases of OGA (27.6%) and 21 cases of GA-FG (72.4%). In GA-FG, MUC-6 was positive in 13 cases (81.3%), whereas MUC-5AC was positive in 8 cases (50.0%). Three cases presented as AGCs. CONCLUSIONS Although OGNs are generally considered low-grade, they can present as AGCs and may exhibit features of lymphovascular or perineural invasion. Recognizing the clinicopathological features and accurately diagnosing OGN are important for providing adequate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Hwan Kim
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Central Draft Physical Examination Office, Military Manpower Administration, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jun Su Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Li H, Zheng L, Zhong G, Yu X, Zhang X, Chen L, Chen X. Gastric epithelial neoplasm of fundic-gland mucosa lineage: representative of the low atypia differentiated gastric tumor and Ki67 may help in their identification. Pathol Oncol Res 2024; 30:1611734. [PMID: 38873175 PMCID: PMC11169639 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2024.1611734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Background Gastric epithelial neoplasm of the fundic-gland mucosa lineages (GEN-FGMLs) are rare forms of gastric tumors that encompass oxyntic gland adenoma (OGA), gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic-gland type (GA-FG), and gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic-gland mucosa type (GA-FGM). There is no consensus on the cause, classification, and clinicopathological features of GEN-FGMLs, and misdiagnosis is common because of similarities in symptoms. Methods 37 cases diagnosed with GEN-FGMLs were included in this study. H&E-stained slides were reviewed and clinicopathological parameters were recorded. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted for MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, CD10, CD56, synaptophysin, chromograninA, p53, Ki67, pepsinogen-I, H+/K+-ATPase and Desmin. Results The patients' ages ranged from 42 to 79 years, with a median age of 60. 17 were male and 20 were female. Morphologically, 19 OGAs, 16 GA-FGs, and two GA-FGMs were identified. Histopathological similarities exist between OGA, GA-FG, and GA-FGM. The tumors demonstrated well-formed glands, expanding with dense growth patterns comprising pale, blue-grey columnar cells with mild nuclear atypia. These cells resembled fundic gland cells. None of the OGA invaded the submucosal layer. The normal gastric pit epithelium covered the entire surface of the OGA and GA-FG, but the dysplasia pit epithelium covered the GA-FGM. Non-atrophic gastritis was observed in more than half of the background mucosa. All cases were diffusely positive for MUC6 and pepsinogen-I on immunohistochemistry. H+/K+-ATPase staining was negative or showed a scattered pattern in most cases. MUC5AC was expressed on the surface of GA-FGMs. p53 was focally expressed and the Ki67 index was low (1%-20%). Compared with OGA, GA-FG and GA-FGM were more prominent in the macroscopic view (p < 0.05) and had larger sizes (p < 0.0001). Additionally, GA-FG and GA-FGM exhibited higher Ki67 indices than OGA (p < 0.0001). Specimens with Ki-67 proliferation indices >2.5% and size >4.5 mm are more likely to be diagnosed with GA-FG and GA-FGM than OGA. Conclusion GEN-FGMLs are group of well-differentiated gastric tumors with favourable biological behaviours, low cellular atypia, and low proliferation. Immunohistochemistry is critical for confirming diagnosis. Compared with OGA, GA-FG and GA-FGM have larger sizes and higher Ki67 proliferation indices, indicating that they play a critical role in the identification of GEN-FGML. Pathologists and endoscopists should be cautious to prevent misdiagnosis and overtreatment, especially in biopsy specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houqiang Li
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lanqing Zheng
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guodong Zhong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Traditional Chinese Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xunbin Yu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linying Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Liu L, Zhang X, Fan X, Zhu X. Genetic analysis of fundic gland‑type gastric adenocarcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2023; 19:82. [PMID: 37745263 PMCID: PMC10512195 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2023.2678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the molecular characteristics of gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic-gland type (GAFG) and explore the possible mechanism of tumor development. Samples from 10 Chinese patients with GAFG were collected at the Peking University International Hospital and Liaocheng People's Hospital between January 2015 and March 2022. The nucleic acid sequence of Epstein Barr virus-encoded RNA (EBV-EBER) was detected by in situ hybridization. Genetic mutation information for GNAS, KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, TP53, APC, CTNNB1, HER2, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 was obtained by Next-Generation Sequencing, and the relevant literature was reviewed. A total of eight instances of missense mutations were detected, consisting of seven cases with GNAS mutations, two cases with KRAS mutations, and one case with a TP53 mutation. Additionally, two patients had simultaneous missense mutations in GNAS and KRAS. Nonsynonymous mutations in APC, CTNNB1, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, HER2, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, or PMS2 were not observed in any cases. In addition, all tumors were EBER-negative. GAFG exhibits diversity at the molecular level, and GNAS mutations are more common than KRAS mutations, TP53 mutations, and microsatellite instability. To date, no association between EBV/HER2 and GAFG has been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Xuedong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Xue Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
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Targeted next-generation sequencing reveals activating CTNNB1 mutations in SMARCA4/BRG1-deficient sinonasal carcinomas: a report of two new cases and a brief review of the literature with an emphasis on histogenesis. Virchows Arch 2023; 482:453-460. [PMID: 36396744 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-022-03449-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
SMARCA4/BRG1 is a catalytic subunit of the SWItch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex and its inactivation is known to drive a variety of cancers across different organs. SMARCA4/BRG1-deficient carcinoma is a relatively new entity in the sinonasal region, and a comprehensive molecular investigation of the underlying genetic abnormalities is largely lacking. In this study, we report two new cases of SMARCA4/BRG1-deficient sinonasal carcinoma with targeted next-generation sequencing analysis, both of which revealed activating mutation of CTNNB1 in addition to somatic loss-of-function mutation of SMARCA4, providing further insights into its tumorigenesis and theoretical basis for the potential future targeted therapy. Activating CTNNB1 mutations in our cases may provide further evidence that SMARCA4-deficient sinonasal carcinoma, sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma, and olfactory carcinoma are genetically closely related lesions, as recently proposed in the literature.
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Iwamuro M, Kusumoto C, Nakagawa M, Matsueda K, Kobayashi S, Yoshioka M, Inaba T, Toyokawa T, Sakaguchi C, Tanaka S, Tanaka T, Okada H. Endoscopic features of oxyntic gland adenoma and gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type differ between patients with and without Helicobacter pylori infection: a retrospective observational study. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:294. [PMID: 35692036 PMCID: PMC9188703 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02368-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endoscopic features of oxyntic gland adenoma and gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type have not been fully investigated in relation to Helicobacter pylori infection status. We compared the morphology, color, and location of these lesions between patients with and without H. pylori infection. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 165 patients (180 lesions) from 10 institutions. We divided the patients into the (i) Hp group (patients with current H. pylori infection [active gastritis, n = 13] and those with past infection [inactive gastritis, n = 76]) and (ii) uninfected group (H. pylori-uninfected patients, n = 52). We compared the clinical and endoscopic features of the two groups. We also performed an analysis between (i) lesions with atrophy of the surrounding gastric mucosa (atrophy group) and (ii) lesions without atrophy of the surrounding gastric mucosa (non-atrophy group). RESULTS The average age was older in the Hp group than in the uninfected group (68.1 ± 8.1 vs. 63.4 ± 8.7 years, p < 0.01). Although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.09), multiple lesions were observed in 9 of 89 patients (10.1%) in the Hp group and in only 1 of 52 patients (1.9%) in the uninfected group. Meanwhile, significant differences were observed in the prevalence of lesions located in the gastric fornix or cardia (uninfected group: 67.3% vs. Hp group: 38.0%, p < 0.01), with an elevated morphology (80.0% vs. 56.0%, p < 0.01), with a subepithelial-like appearance (78.2% vs. 42.0%, p < 0.01), and with a color similar to that of the peripheral mucosa (43.6% vs. 25.0%, p = 0.02). The male-to-female ratio, lesion size, and presence or absence of vascular dilatation or black pigmentation on the surface were not different between the two groups. In the analysis comparing lesions with and without mucosal atrophy, the prevalence of multiple lesions was significantly higher (p = 0.02) in the atrophy group (5/25 patients, 20.0%) than in the non-atrophy group (7/141 patients, 5.0%). CONCLUSIONS The endoscopic features of oxyntic gland adenoma and gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type differ between patients with and without H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Iwamuro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Chiaki Kusumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Kokan Fukuyama Hospital, 1844 Tsunoshita, Daimon-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakagawa
- Department of Endoscopy, Hiroshima City Hospital, 7-33 Motomachi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, 730-8518, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Matsueda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Miwa, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-8602, Japan
| | - Sayo Kobayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuyama City Hospital, 5-23-1 Zao-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 721-8511, Japan
| | - Masao Yoshioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital, 2-25 Kokutai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8511, Japan
| | - Tomoki Inaba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-2-1 Asahi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 760-8557, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Toyokawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuyama Medical Center, 4-14-17 Okinogami-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 720-8520, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sakaguchi
- Department of Endoscopy, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, 160 Kou, Minamiumemoto-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 791-0280, Japan
| | - Shouichi Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Iwakuni Clinical Center, 1-1-1 Atago-cho, Iwakuni, Yamaguchi, 740-8510, Japan
| | - Takehiro Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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Meng XY, Yang G, Dong CJ, Zheng RY. Gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland: A review of clinicopathological characteristics, treatment and prognosis. Rare Tumors 2021; 13:20363613211060171. [PMID: 34925726 PMCID: PMC8679019 DOI: 10.1177/20363613211060171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland is a rare, well-differentiated gastric cancer entity, and very few patients transition to poorly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma during progression. Gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland originates from the mucosa of the gastric fundic gland, usually without chronic gastritis or intestinal metaplasia. Histologically, the tumor cells are closely arranged to form anastomosing tubular glands, and more than 95% of tumor cells differentiate towards chief cells. Most gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland cases are characterized by submucosal involvement, but the tumor volume is usually small, with lymphatic and vascular invasion rarely observed. Therefore, endoscopic submucosal dissection can be an ideal treatment, leading to a favorable prognosis, and recurrence and metastasis of the disease are uncommon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-yu Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Cheng-ji Dong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ru-yi Zheng
- Medical Imaging Center, The Mine Hospital of Xu Zhou, Xuzhou, China
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Molecular Landscapes of Gastric Pre-Neoplastic and Pre-Invasive Lesions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189950. [PMID: 34576114 PMCID: PMC8468646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma (GC) represents one of the most common and most lethal malignancies worldwide. The histopathological characterization of GC precursor lesions has provided great knowledge about gastric carcinogenesis, with the consequent introduction of effective strategies of primary and secondary prevention. In recent years, a large amount of data about the molecular events in GC development is emerging, flanking the histomorphological descriptions. In this review, we describe the landscape of molecular alterations in gastric pre-invasive lesions with a glance at their potential use in the diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making process.
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Ueyama H, Yao T, Akazawa Y, Hayashi T, Kurahara K, Oshiro Y, Yamada M, Oda I, Fujioka S, Kusumoto C, Fukuda M, Uchita K, Kadota T, Oono Y, Okamoto K, Murakami K, Matsuo Y, Kato M, Maehata T, Yahagi N, Yasuhara Y, Yada T, Uraushihara K, Yamane T, Matsuo T, Ito M, Maruyama Y, Osako A, Ono S, Kato M, Yagi K, Hashimoto T, Tomita N, Tsuyama S, Saito T, Matsumoto K, Matsumoto K, Watanabe S, Uemura N, Chiba T, Nagahara A. Gastric epithelial neoplasm of fundic-gland mucosa lineage: proposal for a new classification in association with gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic-gland type. J Gastroenterol 2021; 56:814-828. [PMID: 34268625 PMCID: PMC8370942 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-021-01813-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic-gland type (GA-FG) is a rare variant of gastric neoplasia. However, the etiology, classification, and clinicopathological features of gastric epithelial neoplasm of fundic-gland mucosa lineage (GEN-FGML; generic term of GA-FG related neoplasm) are not fully elucidated. We performed a large, multicenter, retrospective study to establish a new classification and clarify the clinicopathological features of GEN-FGML. METHODS One hundred GEN-FGML lesions in 94 patients were collected from 35 institutions between 2008 and 2019. We designed a new histopathological classification of GEN-FGML using immunohistochemical analysis and analyzed via clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and genetic evaluation. RESULTS GEN-FGML was classified into 3 major types; oxyntic gland adenoma (OGA), GA-FG, and gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic-gland mucosa type (GA-FGM). In addition, GA-FGM was classified into 3 subtypes; Type 1 (organized with exposure type), Type 2 (disorganized with exposure type), and Type 3 (disorganized with non-exposure type). OGA and GA-FG demonstrated low-grade epithelial neoplasm, and GA-FGM should be categorized as an aggressive variant of GEN-FGML that demonstrated high-grade epithelial neoplasm (Type 2 > 1, 3). The frequent presence of GNAS mutation was a characteristic genetic feature of GEN-FGML (7/34, 20.6%; OGA 1/3, 33.3%; GA-FG 3/24, 12.5%; GA-FGM 3/7, 42.9%) in mutation analysis using next-generation sequencing. CONCLUSIONS We have established a new histopathological classification of GEN-FGML and propose a new lineage of gastric epithelial neoplasm that harbors recurrent GNAS mutation. This classification will be useful to estimate the malignant potential of GEN-FGML and establish an appropriate standard therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Ueyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Takashi Yao
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Akazawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takuo Hayashi
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Kurahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yumi Oshiro
- Department of Pathology, Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Yamada
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Oda
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Fujioka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka Red Cross Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kusumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Kokan Fukuyama Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihisa Uchita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kochi Red Cross Hospital, Kochi, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kadota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Oono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Kazunari Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Matsuo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motohiko Kato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Research and Development for Minimally Invasive Treatment, Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadateru Maehata
- Division of Research and Development for Minimally Invasive Treatment, Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohisa Yahagi
- Division of Research and Development for Minimally Invasive Treatment, Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yasuhara
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto-Katsura Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yada
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koji Uraushihara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Showa General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsumi Yamane
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Tottori Red Cross Hospital, Tottori, Japan
| | - Taiji Matsuo
- Department of Endoscopy, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masanori Ito
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Maruyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujieda Municipal General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ayumi Osako
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tottori Seikyo Hospital, Tottori, Japan
| | - Shoko Ono
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Hakodate National Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yagi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Department of Esophageal and Gastroenterological Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsumi Tomita
- Department of Esophageal and Gastroenterological Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Tsuyama
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Matsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kenshi Matsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Sumio Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Naomi Uemura
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Chiba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihito Nagahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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9
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Iwamuro M, Kusumoto C, Nakagawa M, Kobayashi S, Yoshioka M, Inaba T, Toyokawa T, Hori S, Tanaka S, Matsueda K, Tanaka T, Okada H. Endoscopic resection is a suitable initial treatment strategy for oxyntic gland adenoma or gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7375. [PMID: 33795810 PMCID: PMC8016920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86893-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to reveal the histological features of oxyntic gland adenomas and gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic-gland type (GA-FG). We retrospectively examined the histological features of 126 lesions of oxyntic gland adenoma and/or GA-FG in 116 patients. The prevalence of oxyntic gland adenomas and GA-FG was approximately equal. The majority of the lesions were resected by endoscopic mucosal resection using a diathermic snare (EMR, n = 42) or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD, n = 72). Histologically, there were no lesions with invasion at the level of the muscularis propria or deeper, and lymphovascular invasion was present in 1.6%. Of the ESD and EMR specimens, there were no lesions that were positive for vertical margins. Among the eight GA-FG patients with deep (≥ 500 μm) submucosal invasion, six were treated with endoscopic resection alone, and no recurrence was documented. No patients died of the disease during the median follow-up period of 14.5 months. In conclusion, all lesions were confined to the mucosa or submucosa and were negative for vertical margins. Lymphovascular invasion was present in only 1.6% of the patients. Thus, we believe that endoscopic resection is a suitable initial treatment method for oxyntic gland adenoma and GA-FG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Iwamuro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Chiaki Kusumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Kokan Fukuyama Hospital, 1844 Tsunoshita, Daimon-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 721-0927, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakagawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima City Hospital, 7-33 Motomachi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima, 730-8518, Japan
| | - Sayo Kobayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuyama City Hospital, 5-23-1 Zao-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 721-8511, Japan
| | - Masao Yoshioka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital, 2-25 Kokutai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8511, Japan
| | - Tomoki Inaba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, 1-2-1 Asahi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 760‑8557, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Toyokawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuyama Medical Center, 4-14-17 Okinogami-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 720-8520, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Hori
- Department of Endoscopy, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, 160 Kou, Minamiumemoto-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 791-0280, Japan
| | - Shouichi Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Iwakuni Clinical Center, 1-1-1 Atago-cho, Iwakuni, Yamaguchi, 740-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Matsueda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Miwa, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-8602, Japan
| | - Takehiro Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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10
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Maurya SK, Shadab G, Siddique HR. Chemosensitization of Therapy Resistant Tumors: Targeting Multiple Cell Signaling Pathways by Lupeol, A Pentacyclic Triterpene. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:455-465. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200122122804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The resistance of cancer cells to different therapies is one of the major stumbling blocks
for successful cancer treatment. Various natural and pharmaceuticals drugs are unable to control drug-resistance
cancer cell's growth. Also, chemotherapy and radiotherapy have several side effects and cannot apply to the patient
in excess. In this context, chemosensitization to the therapy-resistant cells by non-toxic phytochemicals
could be an excellent alternative to combat therapy-resistant cancers.
Objective:
To review the currently available literature on chemosensitization of therapy resistance cancers by
Lupeol for clinically approved drugs through targeting different cell signaling pathways.
Methods:
We reviewed relevant published articles in PubMed and other search engines from 1999 to 2019 to
write this manuscript. The key words used for the search were “Lupeol and Cancer”, “Lupeol and Chemosensitization”,
“Lupeol and Cell Signaling Pathways”, “Cancer Stem Cells and Lupeol” etc. The published results on the
chemosensitization of Lupeol were compared and discussed.
Results:
Lupeol chemosensitizes drug-resistant cancer cells for clinically approved drugs. Lupeol alone or in
combination with approved drugs inhibits inflammation in different cancer cells through modulation of expression
of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Lupeol, through altering the expression levels of BCL-2, BAX, Survivin, FAS,
Caspases, and PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway, significantly induce cell deaths among therapy-resistant
cells. Lupeol also modulates the molecules involved in cell cycle regulation such as Cyclins, CDKs, P53, P21,
and PCNA in different cancer types.
Conclusion:
Lupeol chemosensitizes the therapy-resistant cancer cells for the treatment of various clinically
approved drugs via modulating different signaling pathways responsible for chemoresistance cancer. Thus, Lupeol
might be used as an adjuvant molecule along with clinically approved drugs to reduce the toxicity and increase
the effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K. Maurya
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G.G.H.A. Shadab
- Molecular Toxicology & Cytogenetics Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hifzur R. Siddique
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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11
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Chen O, Shao ZY, Qiu X, Zhang GP. Multiple gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:2871-2878. [PMID: 31616705 PMCID: PMC6789379 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i18.2871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, there have been reports of a new histological type of gastric cancer, termed gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland (GA-FG). This disease entity presents differentiation towards the fundic gland, especially chief cell-predominant differentiation (GA-FG-CCP). GA-FG-CCP easily invades into the submucosa but rarely shows metastasis. The reports mostly describe primarily single lesions. Herein, we report a case with multiple lesions, and summarize the clinicopathologic characteristics of multiple cases.
CASE SUMMARY A 55-year-old woman underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy screening. Two whitish lesions on the anterior wall of the gastric corpus and the gastric fundus were detected. The patient had previously received Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. The mucosa was characterized as grade C-2 atrophic gastritis. We diagnosed the patient with multiple GA-FG (GA-FG-CCP) by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical staining of the endoscopic biopsy. Upon performing endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), one lesion was not found, but the scar from the biopsy was visible; the mucularis mucosa of the biopsy and ESD-resected specimen were intact. The two lesions showed no lymphatic nor venous invasion. The resection performed appeared to be relatively curative.
CONCLUSION Cases of multiple GA-FG-CCP are very rare in clinical practice. Most of its clinicopathologic characteristics are similar to those of a single lesion. Our case provides diagnostic and therapeutic information about GA-FG-CCP with multiple lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ya’an People’s Hospital, Ya’an 625000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ze-Yong Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ya’an People’s Hospital, Ya’an 625000, Sichuan Province, China
| | | | - Guang-Ping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Ya’an People’s Hospital, Ya’an 625000, Sichuan Province, China
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12
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Tajima Y, Murakami T, Saito T, Hiromoto T, Akazawa Y, Sasahara N, Mitomi H, Yao T, Watanabe S. Distinct Involvement of the Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Gastric Adenocarcinoma of Fundic Gland Type and Conventional Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Digestion 2018; 96:81-91. [PMID: 28738329 DOI: 10.1159/000478999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type (GAFG), which is a rare variant of gastric cancer, is reportedly associated with both Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation and guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha stimulating complex (GNAS) mutations. This study aimed to elucidate potential roles of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway in GAFG. METHODS We performed immunostaining for β-catenin and Shh signal-associated proteins, including Patched (Ptch), Smoothened (Smo), and Glioma-associated oncogene-1 (Gli1), and the direct sequencing of GNAS/BRAF/KRAS in 27 GAFGs, and compared them with 30 conventional gastric adenocarcinomas (CGAs). RESULTS GAFGs exhibited significantly lower immunoreactivity scores for Ptch, Smo, and Gli1 than CGAs. Moreover, while the Ptch score was significantly lower in the GAFG tumor areas than in the non-neoplastic areas adjacent to GAFG, the score was significantly higher in the CGA tumor areas than in the non-neoplastic areas. Similar trends were observed in the scores for Smo and Gli1. β-Catenin expression and GNAS mutations were found in 22 (81%) and 8 (30%) of the 27 GAFGs respectively. Gli1 expression was significantly associated with mutations in GNAS. CONCLUSION GAFG and CGA exhibited distinct Ptch, Smo, and Gli1 expression patterns. Downregulation of the Shh signaling pathway, as well as activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, may therefore be associated with tumorigenesis in GAFG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzuru Tajima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y. Crosstalk Between Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma and the Canonical WNT/β-Catenin Pathway in Chronic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress During Carcinogenesis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:745. [PMID: 29706964 PMCID: PMC5908886 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are common and co-substantial pathological processes accompanying, promoting, and even initiating numerous cancers. The canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) generally work in opposition. If one of them is upregulated, the other one is downregulated and vice versa. WNT/β-catenin signaling is upregulated in inflammatory processes and oxidative stress and in many cancers, although there are some exceptions for cancers. The opposite is observed with PPARγ, which is generally downregulated during inflammation and oxidative stress and in many cancers. This helps to explain in part the opposite and unidirectional profile of the canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling and PPARγ in these three frequent and morbid processes that potentiate each other and create a vicious circle. Many intracellular pathways commonly involved downstream will help maintain and amplify inflammation, oxidative stress, and cancer. Thus, many WNT/β-catenin target genes such as c-Myc, cyclin D1, and HIF-1α are involved in the development of cancers. Nuclear factor-kappaB (NFκB) can activate many inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, TGF-β, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, MMP, vascular endothelial growth factor, COX2, Bcl2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. These factors are often associated with cancerous processes and may even promote them. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated by cellular alterations, stimulate the production of inflammatory factors such as NFκB, signal transducer and activator transcription, activator protein-1, and HIF-α. NFκB inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and therefore activates the canonical WNT pathway. ROS activates the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling in many cancers. PI3K/Akt also inhibits GSK-3β. Many gene mutations of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway giving rise to cancers have been reported (CTNNB1, AXIN, APC). Conversely, a significant reduction in the expression of PPARγ has been observed in many cancers. Moreover, PPARγ agonists promote cell cycle arrest, cell differentiation, and apoptosis and reduce inflammation, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, cell proliferation, invasion, and cell migration. All these complex and opposing interactions between the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and PPARγ appear to be fairly common in inflammation, oxidative stress, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), Meaux, France
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14
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Straub SF, Drage MG, Gonzalez RS. Comparison of dysplastic fundic gland polyps in patients with and without familial adenomatous polyposis. Histopathology 2018; 72:1172-1179. [PMID: 29436014 DOI: 10.1111/his.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Dysplastic fundic gland polyps (d-FGPs) typically arise in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) but may occur in non-syndromic patients. They rarely become malignant, but their significance is unclear, especially in non-syndromic patients. We aimed to compare d-FGPs in patients with and without FAP, using clinicopathologic findings and β-catenin immunohistochemistry (IHC). METHODS AND RESULTS We identified 124 fundic gland polyps with low-grade dysplasia (LGD) or high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or indefinite for dysplasia (IFD) from 66 patients (27 with FAP; 39 non-syndromic). We recorded patient sex, age at first d-FGP, time until subsequent d-FGP (if any), history of non-gastric cancer (no patients had gastric cancer), proton-pump inhibitor use, and the presence of Helicobacter pylori. β-Catenin IHC was performed on cases with available blocks. The mean age at d-FGP diagnosis was 31 years for FAP patients and 61 years for non-syndromic patients (P < 0.0001). Sixteen FAP patients (59%) developed at least one subsequent d-FGP, as compared with 10 (27%) non-syndromic patients (P = 0.0099). The median time between d-FGP detection was 11.5 months in FAP patients and 7 months in non-syndromic patients (P = 0.82). Six FAP patients (22%) and 17 non-syndromic patients (44%) had non-gastric malignancies (P = 0.11). β-Catenin IHC showed nuclear positivity in 14 of 112 (13%) d-FGPs: 12 of 94 with LGD, two of three with HGD, and none of 15 with IFD polyps. CONCLUSIONS Familial adenomatous polyposis patients develop d-FGPs earlier and more often develop additional ones than non-syndromic patients. d-FGPs in FAP and non-syndromic patients have similar low rates of β-catenin nuclear IHC positivity. FAP and non-syndromic patients developed non-gastric cancers at similar rates, suggesting that d-FGPs may portend a general increased risk of carcinogenesis in non-syndromic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana F Straub
- Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of New York City, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael G Drage
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Raul S Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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15
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Kino H, Nakano M, Kanamori A, Suzuki T, Kaneko Y, Tsuchida C, Tsuchida K, Tominaga K, Sasai T, Yamagishi H, Imai Y, Hiraishi H. Gastric Adenocarcinoma of the Fundic Gland Type after Endoscopic Therapy for Metachronous Gastric Cancer. Intern Med 2018; 57:795-800. [PMID: 29225256 PMCID: PMC5891516 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.9359-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A 78-year-old man underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric adenocarcinoma twice in 2009 and 2014. Between the procedures, he successfully completed Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. In May 2015, upper endoscopy screening showed two elevated lesions on the gastric fundus, and en bloc resection by ESD was performed. We histopathologically diagnosed the patient to have gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type. In this case, the two lesions of gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type multifocally developed after ESD for metachronous gastric tubular adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, they appeared in the gastric fundus, where atrophy had been improved due to eradication therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kino
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University, Japan
| | - Masakazu Nakano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University, Japan
| | - Akira Kanamori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University, Japan
| | - Tsunehiro Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University, Japan
| | - Chieko Tsuchida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsuchida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University, Japan
| | - Keiichi Tominaga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University, Japan
| | - Takako Sasai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University, Japan
| | | | - Yasuo Imai
- Department of Diagnotic Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University, Japan
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16
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Murakami T, Mitomi H, Yao T, Saito T, Shibuya T, Watanabe S. Epigenetic regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signal-associated genes in gastric neoplasia of the fundic gland (chief cell-predominant) type. Pathol Int 2017; 67:147-155. [PMID: 28105693 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gastric neoplasia of the fundic gland (chief cell-predominant) type (GNCCP) is a rare variant of gastric tumor. This tumor is associated with activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway; however, the mechanisms underlying this activation remain unknown. To elucidate potential roles of Wnt/β-catenin signal-associated gene methylation in GNCCP, we performed β-catenin immunostaining and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for their associated genes, including SFRPs, APC, AXIN2, and MCC, in 26 GNCCPs [i.e., 11 intramucosal (GNCCP-Ms) and 15 submucosal tumors (GNCCP-SMs)], and compared with 27 fundic gland polyps (FGPs), 12 FGPs with dysplasia (FGP-Ds), 27 conventional gastric adenocarcinomas (CGAs). Nuclear β-catenin labeling indices were higher in GNCCPs and CGAs than in FGPs and FGP-Ds. SFRPs, APC, and AXIN2 were more frequently methylated in GNCCPs and CGAs (SFRP1, 88%/96%; SFRP2, 85%/93%; SFRP4, 73%/81%; APC, 81%/81%; AXIN2, 81%/85%; respectively) than in FGPs and FGP-Ds (37%/50%; 41%/42%; 41%/58%; 37%/33%; 41%/50%; respectively). A significant correlation was seen between nuclear β-catenin expression and methylation of SFRP1 in GNCCPs. Furthermore, nuclear β-catenin expression was significantly frequent in high-methylated GNCCPs than in low-methylated tumors. In conclusion, our results suggest that activation of this pathway, mediated by gene methylation, may be associated with progression of some GNCCP cases, similar to CGAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mitomi
- Department of Pathology, Japan Labor Health and Welfare Organization, Kanto Rosai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Yao
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Shibuya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumio Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Chiba T, Kato K, Masuda T, Ohara S, Iwama N, Shimada T, Shibuya D. Clinicopathological features of gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland (chief cell predominant type) by retrospective and prospective analyses of endoscopic findings. Dig Endosc 2016; 28:722-730. [PMID: 27129734 DOI: 10.1111/den.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type (chief cell predominant type) (GA-FG-CCP) is a variant of gastric adenocarcinoma with chief cell differentiation. GA-FG-CCP is rare and not well understood. The present study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features of GA-FG-CCP using retrospective and prospective analyses of endoscopic findings. METHODS A total of 20 patients including nine cases treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) were diagnosed with GA-FG-CCP. Morphological changes were analyzed by retrospectively retracing past endoscopic records and following up after definitive diagnoses, including the status of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. RESULTS GA-FG-CCP were small and whitish lesions accompanied by atypical vascular growth and their macroscopic types were classified as 0-IIa (60%), 0-IIb (25%), and 0-IIc (15%), respectively. The lesions were found in the non-atrophic gastric mucosa of the upper (70%) or middle portion (30%), although gastric mucosal atrophy associated with current or past H. pylori infection was identified in 75% of cases. In the nine cases treated with ESD, submucosal invasion was identified in 80% of the resected lesions, but no lymphovenous infiltration was detected. Ki-67 labeling index of GA-FG-CCP was low at 3.2% and visible morphological changes were rarely detected during long-term endoscopic observation for 58.9 ± 13.1 months. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that GA-FG-CCP, even when submucosal invasion occurs easily, might be of low-grade malignancy as long as it is the chief cell predominant type without other epithelial abnormalities. In addition, GA-FG-CCP might develop despite H. pylori infection or gastric mucosal atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Chiba
- Cancer Detection Center, Miyagi Cancer Society, Sendai, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Kato
- Cancer Detection Center, Miyagi Cancer Society, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Masuda
- Cancer Detection Center, Miyagi Cancer Society, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ohara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tohoku Rosai Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Iwama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tohoku Rosai Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Shibuya
- Cancer Detection Center, Miyagi Cancer Society, Sendai, Japan
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18
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Onyido EK, Sweeney E, Nateri AS. Wnt-signalling pathways and microRNAs network in carcinogenesis: experimental and bioinformatics approaches. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:56. [PMID: 27590724 PMCID: PMC5010773 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0541-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have not only emerged as integral regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level but also respond to signalling molecules to affect cell function(s). miRNAs crosstalk with a variety of the key cellular signalling networks such as Wnt, transforming growth factor-β and Notch, control stem cell activity in maintaining tissue homeostasis, while if dysregulated contributes to the initiation and progression of cancer. Herein, we overview the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the crosstalk between Wnt-signalling components (canonical and non-canonical) and miRNAs, as well as changes in the miRNA/Wnt-signalling components observed in the different forms of cancer. Furthermore, the fundamental understanding of miRNA-mediated regulation of Wnt-signalling pathway and vice versa has been significantly improved by high-throughput genomics and bioinformatics technologies. Whilst, these approaches have identified a number of specific miRNA(s) that function as oncogenes or tumour suppressors, additional analyses will be necessary to fully unravel the links among conserved cellular signalling pathways and miRNAs and their potential associated components in cancer, thereby creating therapeutic avenues against tumours. Hence, we also discuss the current challenges associated with Wnt-signalling/miRNAs complex and the analysis using the biomedical experimental and bioinformatics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emenike K Onyido
- Cancer Genetics & Stem Cell Group, Cancer Biology Unit, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Eloise Sweeney
- Cancer Genetics & Stem Cell Group, Cancer Biology Unit, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Abdolrahman Shams Nateri
- Cancer Genetics & Stem Cell Group, Cancer Biology Unit, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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19
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Mamat O, Fukumura Y, Saito T, Takahashi M, Mitomi H, Sai JK, Kawasaki S, Yao T. Fundic gland differentiation of oncocytic/pancreatobiliary subtypes of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. Histopathology 2016; 69:570-81. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Osman Mamat
- Department of Human Pathology; School of Medicine; Juntendo University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuki Fukumura
- Department of Human Pathology; School of Medicine; Juntendo University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Human Pathology; School of Medicine; Juntendo University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Michiko Takahashi
- Department of Human Pathology; School of Medicine; Juntendo University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mitomi
- Department of Human Pathology; School of Medicine; Juntendo University; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Pathology; Japan Labour Health and Welfare Organization; Kanto Rosai Hospital; Kawasaki Japan
| | - Jin Kan Sai
- Department of Gastroenterology; Juntendo University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Seiji Kawasaki
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery; School of Medicine; Juntendo University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Takashi Yao
- Department of Human Pathology; School of Medicine; Juntendo University; Tokyo Japan
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