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Saeki N, Inui-Yamamoto C, Ikeda Y, Kanai R, Hata K, Itoh S, Inubushi T, Akiyama S, Ohba S, Abe M. Deletion of Trps1 regulatory elements recapitulates postnatal hip joint abnormalities and growth retardation of Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:1618-1629. [PMID: 38899779 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome (TRPS) is a genetic disorder caused by point mutations or deletions in the gene-encoding transcription factor TRPS1. TRPS patients display a range of skeletal dysplasias, including reduced jaw size, short stature, and a cone-shaped digit epiphysis. Certain TRPS patients experience early onset coxarthrosis that leads to a devastating drop in their daily activities. The etiologies of congenital skeletal abnormalities of TRPS were revealed through the analysis of Trps1 mutant mouse strains. However, early postnatal lethality in Trps1 knockout mice has hampered the study of postnatal TRPS pathology. Here, through epigenomic analysis we identified two previously uncharacterized candidate gene regulatory regions in the first intron of Trps1. We deleted these regions, either individually or simultaneously, and examined their effects on skeletal morphogenesis. Animals that were deleted individually for either region displayed only modest phenotypes. In contrast, the Trps1Δint/Δint mouse strain with simultaneous deletion of both genomic regions exhibit postnatal growth retardation. This strain displayed delayed secondary ossification center formation in the long bones and misshaped hip joint development that resulted in acetabular dysplasia. Reducing one allele of the Trps1 gene in Trps1Δint mice resulted in medial patellar dislocation that has been observed in some patients with TRPS. Our novel Trps1 hypomorphic strain recapitulates many postnatal pathologies observed in human TRPS patients, thus positioning this strain as a useful animal model to study postnatal TRPS pathogenesis. Our observations also suggest that Trps1 gene expression is regulated through several regulatory elements, thus guaranteeing robust expression maintenance in skeletal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Saeki
- Department of Tissue and Developmental Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Yamada-oka 1-8, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Yamada-oka 1-8, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chizuko Inui-Yamamoto
- Department of Tissue and Developmental Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Yamada-oka 1-8, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Ikeda
- Department of Tissue and Developmental Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Yamada-oka 1-8, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Rinna Kanai
- Department of Tissue and Developmental Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Yamada-oka 1-8, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Orofacial Function, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Yamada-oka 1-8, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Hata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Yamada-oka 1-8, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shousaku Itoh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Yamada-oka 1-8, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Inubushi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Yamada-oka 1-8, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Akiyama
- Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Yamada-oka 1-8, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Tissue and Developmental Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Yamada-oka 1-8, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Abe
- Department of Tissue and Developmental Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Yamada-oka 1-8, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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2
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Guerra-Fuentes RA, de Sousa RG, da Costa Prudente AL. Embryonic development of the pelvic girdle and hindlimb skeletal elements in Anilius scytale (Linnaeus, 1758) (Serpentes: Aniliidae). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:66-80. [PMID: 37365957 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Anilius scytale is the sister lineage of all other alethinophidian snakes. Morphology of the hind limb complex in adult A. scytale (Aniliidae) has been documented. We herein, for the first time, describe the embryology of the skeletal elements of its hind limb and pelvic girdle and contextualize the evolution of these structures. We identified pregnant females of A. scytale in the Herpetology Collection of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi and separated 40 embryos. The embryos were sequentially staged using external and internal anatomy, collectively comprising a developmental series representing six stages. We cleared-stained one specimen of stages 31, 34, 36, and 37. Using the embryological information gleaned from A. scytale, we reinterpret evidence relating to the ossification of the pelvis and hindlimbs. In A. scytale hindlimb buds develop as transient structures that developed before Stage 30 and regresses in subsequent stages. There is no external or internal evidence of the forelimb or scapular girdle. From Stage 31 onwards the ischium, pubis, ilium, femur and zeugopodial cartilages are visible. Pubis and femur ossify towards the end of embryonic life, and cloacal spurs do not develop in the embryo. Skeletal elements of the hindlimb and pelvic girdle develop initially in the ventral zone of the cloaca-tail region. In subsequent stages the hindlimb and pelvic girdle elements migrate dorsally, with the pubis/ischium positioned medial to the ribs. A similar process may be associated with the achievement of the condition of the pelvic girdle in adults of scolecophidians, pythonids and boids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Arturo Guerra-Fuentes
- Faculdade de Ciências Naturais, Campus Universitário do Tocantins-Cametá, Universidade Federal do Pará, Travessa Padre Antônio Franco, Cametá, Pará, Brazil
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Romário Gemaque de Sousa
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Evolução, Departamento de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia da Costa Prudente
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Evolução, Departamento de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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3
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Horbaly H. Covariance in human limb joint articular morphology. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2023; 182:401-411. [PMID: 37702982 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Limb synovial joints exhibit complex shapes that must accommodate often-antagonistic demands of function, mobility, and stability. These demands presumably dictate coordination among joint articular shapes, but the structure of morphological covariance within and among joints is unknown. This study analyzes the human shoulder, elbow, hip, and knee to determine how articular covariance is structured in relation to joint structure, accessory cartilage, and function. MATERIALS AND METHODS Surface models were created from the CT scans of 200 modern skeletons from the University of Tennessee Donated Skeletal Collection. Three-dimensional landmarks were collected on the shoulder, elbow, hip, and knee joints. Two-block partial least squares were conducted to determine associations between surfaces of conarticular shapes, functionally analogous articulations, and articulations belonging to the same bone. RESULTS Except for the components of the shoulder, all conarticular pairs exhibit covariance, though the strength of these relationships appears unrelated to the amount of accessory cartilage in the joint. Only the analogous articulations of the humerus and femur exhibit significant covariance, but it is unlikely that this pattern is due to function alone. Stronger covariance within the lower limb than the upper limb is consistent broader primate patterns of within-limb integration. DISCUSSION With the exception of the elbow, complementary joint function does not appear to promote strong covariance between articulations. Analogous humeral and femoral surfaces are also serially homologous, which may result in the articular associations observed between these bones. Broadly, these patterns highlight the indirect relationship between joint congruence and covariance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley Horbaly
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Congdon School of Health Sciences, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Congdon School of Health Sciences, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
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4
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Abdala V, Cristobal L, Solíz MC, Dos Santos DA. Geographical Information System Applied to a Biological System: Pelvic Girdle Ontogeny as a Morphoscape. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.642255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Geographic Information System (GIS) is a system that captures, stores, manipulates, analyzes, manages, and presents spatial or geographical data. As this technological environment has been created to deal with space problems, it is perfectly adaptable to solve these type of issues in the context of vertebrate comparative morphology. The pectoral and pelvic girdles are key structures that relate the axial skeleton with the limbs in tetrapods. Owed to their importance in locomotion, the morphology, development, and morphogenesis of these structures have been widely studied. The complexity of the structures and tissues implied in the development of the girdles make quantitative approaches extremely difficult. The use of GIS technology provides a visual interpretation of the histological data, a general quantitative assessment of the processes taking place during the ontogeny of any structure, and would allow collecting information about the changes in the surface occupied by the different tissues across the ontogenetic processes of any vertebrate taxa. GIS technology applied to map morphological structures would be a main contribution to the construction of the vertebrate ontologies, as it would facilitate the identification and location of the structures. GIS technology would allow also us to construct a shared database of histological quantitative changes across the ontogeny in any vertebrate. The main objective of this study is to use GIS technology for spatial analysis of histological samples such as these of the pelvic girdle using histological cuts of anurans and chicken, allowing thus to construct a morphoscape, analogous to a landscape. This is the first attempt to apply GIS tools to ontogenetic series to infer biological properties of the spatial analysis in the context of comparative biology. More frequent use of this technology would contribute to obtaining more profitable and biologically informative results.
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Mousafeiris VK, Nikolopoulos K, Repantis T. Pubic Bone Aplasia as an Incidental Finding in the Adult Population: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Cureus 2021; 13:e12703. [PMID: 33614310 PMCID: PMC7883521 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pubic bone aplasia is a rare finding that is either diagnosed as incidental finding or associated with various clinical syndromes. It is usually discovered in early childhood, however, there are few reported cases of late discovery during adulthood. We present a case of a 64-year-old male with unilateral superior pubic rami aplasia, discovered incidentally during workup for sustained trauma. Our patient reported treatment for unilateral hip dislocation in his early childhood and had a history of operated undescended testes ipsilaterally. This exact constellation of pubic rami aplasia, undescended testes and hip dysplasia is unique in the available literature. Even though our patient had a normal life and the pubic aplasia was discovered incidentally, it is important to always assess these patients for systemic involvement, either from the musculoskeletal system or other organs, in order to provide better treatment for them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Repantis
- Orthopedics and Traumatology, General Hospital of Patras "Saint Andrews", Patras, GRC
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6
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Roseman CC, Capellini TD, Jagoda E, Williams SA, Grabowski M, O'Connor C, Polk JD, Cheverud JM. Variation in mouse pelvic morphology maps to locations enriched in Sox9 Class II and Pitx1 regulatory features. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2020; 334:100-112. [PMID: 32017444 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Variation in pelvic morphology has a complex genetic basis and its patterning and specification is governed by conserved developmental pathways. Whether the mechanisms underlying the differentiation and specification of the pelvis also produce the morphological covariation on which natural selection may act, is still an open question in evolutionary developmental biology. We use high-resolution quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping in the F34 generation of an advanced intercross experiment (LG,SM-G34 ) to characterize the genetic architecture of the mouse pelvis. We test the prediction that genomic features linked to developmental patterning and differentiation of the hind limb and pelvis and the regulation of chondrogenesis are overrepresented in QTL. We find 31 single QTL trait associations at the genome- or chromosome-wise significance level coalescing to 27 pleiotropic loci. We recover further QTL at a more relaxed significance threshold replicating locations found in a previous experiment in an earlier generation of the same population. QTL were more likely than chance to harbor Pitx1 and Sox9 Class II chromatin immunoprecipitation-seq features active during development of skeletal features. There was weak or no support for the enrichment of seven more categories of developmental features drawn from the literature. Our results suggest that genotypic variation is channeled through a subset of developmental processes involved in the generation of phenotypic variation in the pelvis. This finding indicates that the evolvability of complex traits may be subject to biases not evident from patterns of covariance among morphological features or developmental patterning when either is considered in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Roseman
- Victor E. Shelford Vivarium, Department of Animal Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Terence D Capellini
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Evelyn Jagoda
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Scott A Williams
- Department of Anthropology, Center for the Study of Human Origins, New York University, New York, New York.,New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, New York
| | - Mark Grabowski
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christine O'Connor
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.,Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - John D Polk
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois.,Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, Illinois
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7
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Young M, Selleri L, Capellini TD. Genetics of scapula and pelvis development: An evolutionary perspective. Curr Top Dev Biol 2019; 132:311-349. [PMID: 30797513 PMCID: PMC6430119 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In tetrapods, the scapular and pelvic girdles perform the important function of anchoring the limbs to the trunk of the body and facilitating the movement of each appendage. This shared function, however, is one of relatively few similarities between the scapula and pelvis, which have significantly different morphologies, evolutionary histories, embryonic origins, and underlying genetic pathways. The scapula evolved in jawless fish prior to the pelvis, and its embryonic development is unique among bones in that it is derived from multiple progenitor cell populations, including the dermomyotome, somatopleure, and neural crest. Conversely, the pelvis evolved several million years later in jawed fish, and it develops from an embryonic somatopleuric cell population. The genetic networks controlling the formation of the pelvis and scapula also share similarities and differences, with a number of genes shaping only one or the other, while other gene products such as PBX transcription factors act as hierarchical developmental regulators of both girdle structures. Here, we provide a detailed review of the cellular processes and genetic networks underlying pelvis and scapula formation in tetrapods, while also highlighting unanswered questions about girdle evolution and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Young
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Licia Selleri
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Orofacial Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, Institute of Human Genetics, San Francisco, CA, United States; Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Anatomy, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, Institute of Human Genetics, San Francisco, CA, United States.
| | - Terence D Capellini
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States.
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8
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Torres-Tamayo N, García-Martínez D, Nalla S, Barash A, Williams SA, Blanco-Pérez E, Mata Escolano F, Sanchis-Gimeno JA, Bastir M. The torso integration hypothesis revisited in Homo sapiens: Contributions to the understanding of hominin body shape evolution. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 167:777-790. [PMID: 30259957 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lower thoracic widths and curvatures track upper pelvic widths and iliac blades curvatures in hominins and other primates (torso integration hypothesis). However, recent studies suggest that sexual dimorphism could challenge this assumption in Homo sapiens. We test the torso integration hypothesis in two modern human populations, both considering and excluding the effect of sexual dimorphism. We further assess covariation patterns between different thoracic and pelvic levels, and we explore the allometric effects on torso shape variation. MATERIAL AND METHODS A sex-balanced sample of 50 anatomically connected torsos (25 Mediterraneans, 25 Sub-Saharan Africans) was segmented from computed tomography scans. We compared the maximum medio-lateral width at seventh-ninth rib levels with pelvic bi-iliac breadth in males and females within both populations. We measured 1,030 (semi)landmarks on 3D torso models, and torso shape variation, mean size and shape comparisons, thoraco-pelvic covariation and allometric effects were quantified through 3D geometric morphometrics. RESULTS Females show narrow thoraces and wide pelves and males show wide thoraces and narrow pelves, although this trend is more evident in Mediterraneans than in Sub-Saharans. Equal thoracic and pelvic widths, depths and curvatures were found in absence of sexual dimorphism. The highest strength of covariation was found between the lowest rib levels and the ilia, and allometric analyses showed that smaller torsos were wider than larger torsos. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study testing statistically the torso integration hypothesis in anatomically connected torsos. We propose a new and more complex torso integration model in H. sapiens with sexual dimorphism leading to different thoracic and pelvic widths and curvatures. These findings have important implications in hominin body shape reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shahed Nalla
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alon Barash
- Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Scott A Williams
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, New York.,New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, New York
| | | | - Federico Mata Escolano
- CT and MRI Unit, ERESA, Department of Radiology, General University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Alberto Sanchis-Gimeno
- Department of Radiology, Hospital de La Ribera, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Markus Bastir
- Paleoanthropology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Wood TWP, Nakamura T. Problems in Fish-to-Tetrapod Transition: Genetic Expeditions Into Old Specimens. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:70. [PMID: 30062096 PMCID: PMC6054942 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The fish-to-tetrapod transition is one of the fundamental problems in evolutionary biology. A significant amount of paleontological data has revealed the morphological trajectories of skeletons, such as those of the skull, vertebrae, and appendages in vertebrate history. Shifts in bone differentiation, from dermal to endochondral bones, are key to explaining skeletal transformations during the transition from water to land. However, the genetic underpinnings underlying the evolution of dermal and endochondral bones are largely missing. Recent genetic approaches utilizing model organisms—zebrafish, frogs, chickens, and mice—reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying vertebrate skeletal development and provide new insights for how the skeletal system has evolved. Currently, our experimental horizons to test evolutionary hypotheses are being expanded to non-model organisms with state-of-the-art techniques in molecular biology and imaging. An integration of functional genomics, developmental genetics, and high-resolution CT scanning into evolutionary inquiries allows us to reevaluate our understanding of old specimens. Here, we summarize the current perspectives in genetic programs underlying the development and evolution of the dermal skull roof, shoulder girdle, and appendages. The ratio shifts of dermal and endochondral bones, and its underlying mechanisms, during the fish-to-tetrapod transition are particularly emphasized. Recent studies have suggested the novel cell origins of dermal bones, and the interchangeability between dermal and endochondral bones, obscuring the ontogenetic distinction of these two types of bones. Assimilation of ontogenetic knowledge of dermal and endochondral bones from different structures demands revisions of the prevalent consensus in the evolutionary mechanisms of vertebrate skeletal shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W P Wood
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Tetsuya Nakamura
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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10
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Soliz MC, Ponssa ML, Abdala V. Comparative anatomy and development of pectoral and pelvic girdles in hylid anurans. J Morphol 2018; 279:904-924. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica C. Soliz
- CONICET - Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta; Salta Argentina
| | | | - Virginia Abdala
- Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical, UNT-CONICET, Yerba Buena; Tucumán Argentina
- Cátedra de Biología General, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, UNT; Tucumán Argentina
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11
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Verbruggen SW, Nowlan NC. Ontogeny of the Human Pelvis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017; 300:643-652. [PMID: 28297183 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The human pelvis has evolved over time into a remarkable structure, optimised into an intricate architecture that transfers the entire load of the upper body into the lower limbs, while also facilitating bipedal movement. The pelvic girdle is composed of two hip bones, os coxae, themselves each formed from the gradual fusion of the ischium, ilium and pubis bones. Unlike the development of the classical long bones, a complex timeline of events must occur in order for the pelvis to arise from the embryonic limb buds. An initial blastemal structure forms from the mesenchyme, with chondrification of this mass leading to the first recognisable elements of the pelvis. Primary ossification centres initiate in utero, followed post-natally by secondary ossification at a range of locations, with these processes not complete until adulthood. This cascade of events can vary between individuals, with recent evidence suggesting that fetal activity can affect the normal development of the pelvis. This review surveys the current literature on the ontogeny of the human pelvis. Anat Rec, 300:643-652, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niamh C Nowlan
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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12
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Sears KE, Capellini TD, Diogo R. On the serial homology of the pectoral and pelvic girdles of tetrapods. Evolution 2015; 69:2543-55. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen E. Sears
- School of Integrative Biology; University of Illinois; Urbana Illinois 61801
- Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois; Urbana Illinois 61801
| | | | - Rui Diogo
- Howard University College of Medicine; Washington District of Columbia 20059
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13
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Developmental dysplasia of the hip associated with aplasia of the pubic bone (hook-pelvis): report of a case and review of the literature. J Pediatr Orthop B 2014; 23:537-40. [PMID: 25153647 DOI: 10.1097/bpb.0000000000000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aplasia of the pubic bone associated with congenital hip dislocation is rare. Various dysmorphic conditions featuring absence or hypoplasia of the ischiopubic bone, associated with congenital hip dislocation, have been distinguished in the literature. We report the case of an 18-month-old boy with developmental dysplasia of the hip associated with isolated total aplasia of the pubic bone. Patient was successfully treated with modified Salter osteotomy and reverse U-shaped capsuloplasty.
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14
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Trinajstic K, Boisvert C, Long J, Maksimenko A, Johanson Z. Pelvic and reproductive structures in placoderms (stem gnathostomes). Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2014; 90:467-501. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Trinajstic
- Department of Chemistry; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia 6102 Australia
- Earth and Planetary Sciences; Western Australian Museum; Perth Western Australia 6000 Australia
| | - Catherine Boisvert
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University; Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - John Long
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University; GOP Box 2100, Adelaide South Australia 5001 Australia
| | - Anton Maksimenko
- Imaging & Medical Therapy, Australian Synchrotron; 800 Blackburn Road Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Zerina Johanson
- Department of Earth Sciences; The Natural History Museum; South Kensington London SW7 5BD U.K
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Bonneau N, Baylac M, Gagey O, Tardieu C. Functional integrative analysis of the human hip joint: the three-dimensional orientation of the acetabulum and its relation with the orientation of the femoral neck. J Hum Evol 2014; 69:55-69. [PMID: 24602366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In humans, the hip joint occupies a central place in the locomotor system, as it plays an important role in body support and the transmission of the forces between the trunk and lower limbs. The study of the three-dimensional biomechanics of this joint has important implications for documenting the morphological changes associated with the acquisition of a habitual bipedal gait in humans. Functional integration at any joint has important implications in joint stability and performance. The aim of the study was to evaluate the functional integration at the human hip joint. Both the level of concordance between the three-dimensional axes of the acetabulum and the femoral neck in a bipedal posture, and patterns of covariation between these two axes were analysed. First, inter-individual variations were quantified and significant differences in the three-dimensional orientations of both the acetabulum and the femoral neck were detected. On a sample of 57 individuals, significant patterns of covariation were identified, however, the level of concordance between the axes of both the acetabulum and the femoral neck in a bipedal posture was lower than could be expected for a key joint such as the hip. Patterns of covariation were explored regarding the complex three-dimensional biomechanics of the full pelvic-femoral complex. Finally, we suggest that the lower degree of concordance observed at the human hip joint in a bipedal posture might be partly due to the phylogenetic history of the human species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Bonneau
- UMR 7179, CNRS - Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France; JE 2494, University Paris-Sud Orsay, Paris F-91405, France.
| | - Michel Baylac
- UMR 7205, CNRS - Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Gagey
- Bicêtre University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris F-94270, France; JE 2494, University Paris-Sud Orsay, Paris F-91405, France
| | - Christine Tardieu
- UMR 7179, CNRS - Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
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16
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Nowlan NC, Sharpe J. Joint shape morphogenesis precedes cavitation of the developing hip joint. J Anat 2013; 224:482-9. [PMID: 24266523 PMCID: PMC4098681 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The biology and mechanobiology of joint cavitation have undergone extensive investigation, but we have almost no understanding of the development of joint shape. Joint morphogenesis, the development of shape, has been identified as the 'least understood aspect of joint formation' (2005, Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today 75, 237), despite the clinical relevance of shape morphogenesis to postnatal skeletal malformations such as developmental dysplasia of the hip. In this study, we characterise development of early hip joint shape in the embryonic chick using direct capture 3D imaging. Contrary to formerly held assumptions that cavitation precedes morphogenesis in joint development, we have found that the major anatomical features of the adult hip are present at Hamburger Hamilton (HH)32, a full day prior to cavitation of the joint at HH34. We also reveal that the pelvis undergoes significant changes in orientation with respect to the femur, despite the lack of a joint cavity between the rudiments. Furthermore, we have identified the appearance of the ischium and pubis several developmental stages earlier than was previously reported, illustrating the value and importance of direct capture 3D imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh C Nowlan
- EMBL-CRG Systems Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation, UPF, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College, London, UK
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17
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Hirschberg RM, Saleh M, Kaiser S, Lierz M, Hafez HM, Bragulla HH. Polymelous Layer Chick Displaying Additional Malformations of the Hind Gut: Case Report and In-Depth Review of Related Literature. Anat Histol Embryol 2012; 41:262-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2011.01130.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. M. Hirschberg
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Freie Universität Berlin; Koserstr. 20; D-14195; Berlin; Germany
| | - M. Saleh
- Institute of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Freie Universität Berlin; Berlin; Germany
| | - S. Kaiser
- Fachtierarztpraxis am Erzberg; Braunschweig; Germany
| | - M. Lierz
- Institute of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Freie Universität Berlin; Berlin; Germany
| | - H. M. Hafez
- Institute of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Freie Universität Berlin; Berlin; Germany
| | - H. H. Bragulla
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge; LA; USA
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18
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Manzano A, Abdala V, Ponssa ML, Soliz M. Ontogeny and tissue differentiation of the pelvic girdle and hind limbs of anurans. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2012.00571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Manzano
- CONICET-UADER; Matteri y España (3105); Diamante; Entre Ríos; Argentina
| | - Virginia Abdala
- Instituto de Herpetología; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales (UNT); Fundación Miguel Lillo-CONICET; Miguel Lillo 251 (4000), Tucumán; Argentina
| | - María L. Ponssa
- Instituto de Herpetología; Fundación Miguel Lillo-CONICET; Miguel Lillo 251 (4000), Tucumán; Argentina
| | - Mónica Soliz
- Instituto de Herpetología; Fundación Miguel Lillo-CONICET; Miguel Lillo 251 (4000), Tucumán; Argentina
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19
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20
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Mansfield JH, Abzhanov A. Hox expression in the American alligator and evolution of archosaurian axial patterning. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2011; 314:629-44. [PMID: 20623505 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The avian body plan has undergone many modifications, most associated with adaptation to flight and bipedal walking. Some of these modifications may be owing to avian-specific changes in the embryonic Hox expression code. Here, we have examined Hox expression in alligator, the closest living relative of birds, and an archosaur with a more conservative body plan. Two differences in Hox expression between chick, alligator, and other tetrapods correlate with aspects of alligator or bird-specific skeletal morphology. First, absence of a thoracic subdomain of Hoxc-8 expression in alligator correlates with morphological adaptations in crocodilian thoracic segments. Second, Hoxa-5, a gene required to pattern the cervical-thoracic transition, shows unique patterns of expression in chick, alligator, and mouse, correlating with species-specific morphological patterning of this region. Given that cervical vertebral morphologies evolved independently in the bird and mammalian lineages, the underlying developmental mechanisms, including refinement of Hox expression domains, may be distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Mansfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, Barnard College, Columbia University, 3009 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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21
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Capellini TD, Handschuh K, Quintana L, Ferretti E, Di Giacomo G, Fantini S, Vaccari G, Clarke SL, Wenger AM, Bejerano G, Sharpe J, Zappavigna V, Selleri L. Control of pelvic girdle development by genes of the Pbx family and Emx2. Dev Dyn 2011; 240:1173-89. [PMID: 21455939 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Genes expressed in the somatopleuric mesoderm, the embryonic domain giving rise to the vertebrate pelvis, appear important for pelvic girdle formation. Among such genes, Pbx family members and Emx2 were found to genetically interact in hindlimb and pectoral girdle formation. Here, we generated compound mutant embryos carrying combinations of mutated alleles for Pbx1, Pbx2, and Pbx3, as well as Pbx1 and Emx2, to examine potential genetic interactions during pelvic development. Indeed, Pbx genes share overlapping functions and Pbx1 and Emx2 genetically interact in pelvic formation. We show that, in compound Pbx1;Pbx2 and Pbx1;Emx2 mutants, pelvic mesenchymal condensation is markedly perturbed, indicative of an upstream control by these homeoproteins. We establish that expression of Tbx15, Prrx1, and Pax1, among other genes involved in the specification and development of select pelvic structures, is altered in our compound mutants. Lastly, we identify potential Pbx1-Emx2-regulated enhancers for Tbx15, Prrx1, and Pax1, using bioinformatics analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence D Capellini
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
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22
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Piekarski N, Olsson L. A somitic contribution to the pectoral girdle in the axolotl revealed by long-term fate mapping. Evol Dev 2011; 13:47-57. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-142x.2010.00455.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Pomikal C, Blumer R, Streicher J. Four-dimensional analysis of early pelvic girdle development in Rana temporaria. J Morphol 2010; 272:287-301. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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24
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Pomikal C, Streicher J. 4D-analysis of early pelvic girdle development in the mouse (Mus musculus). J Morphol 2010; 271:116-26. [PMID: 19658165 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The formation of limb girdles is a key-novelty in vertebrate evolution. Although the knowledge of pattern formation, genetic, and molecular analysis of limb development has prodigiously grown over the past four decades, the morphogenesis of the pelvic element, joining the appendicular with the axial skeleton has poorly been investigated. Because of their heterochrony in development and evolution, axial and appendicular skeletal elements have seldom been seen as a cojoined morphological complex. The present study examines the pelvis morphogenesis in the mouse (Mus musculus), with special focuses on the axio-appendicular linkage, the formation and number of elements, and the joint formation. Serial histological sections of specimens from Theiler stages (TH) 18-25 (Theiler, 1972) were examined using bright field microscopy. 3D-models of the growing pelvis were reconstructed from these serial sections. The generated 3D-models were subsequently integrated into a computer-animated 4D-visualization illustrating the complex developmental dynamics of the mammalian pelvis morphogenesis. The findings demonstrate that the pelvic element forms from a single mesenchymal condensation in close vicinity to the appendicular skeleton. From the early start of development the pelvic element is limb-associated, and quite lately connects to the axial skeleton. Additionally, the 4D-visualization of the entire developmental process reveals a yet unnoticed reorientation of the mouse pelvic element from an initial posteriorly oblique developmental position to a ventrally oblique definitive position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Pomikal
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Integrative Morphology Group, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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25
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Feldman G, Dalsey C, Fertala K, Azimi D, Fortina P, Devoto M, Pacifici M, Parvizi J. The Otto Aufranc Award: Identification of a 4 Mb region on chromosome 17q21 linked to developmental dysplasia of the hip in one 18-member, multigeneration family. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2010; 468:337-44. [PMID: 19756907 PMCID: PMC2807013 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-009-1073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a disabling condition that, depending on geography, can afflict between 20% and 80% of patients with end-stage arthritis of the hip. Despite its prevalence, the etiology of this disease remains unknown. DDH is a complex disorder with both environmental and genetic causes. Based on the literature the candidate genes for the disease are HOXB9, collagen type I alpha1, and DLX 3. The purpose of our study was to map and characterize the gene or genes responsible for this disorder by family linkage analysis. We recruited one 18-member, multigeneration affected family to provide cheek swabs and blood samples for isolation of DNA. Amplified DNA underwent a total genome scan using GeneChip Mapping 250 K Assay (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). We observed only one region with a LOD score greater than 1.5: a 4 Mb region on chromosome 17q21.32, yielding a LOD score of 1.82. While a LOD score of 1.82 does not meet the accepted standard for linkage we interpret these data as suggesting the responsible gene could be linked to this region, which includes a cluster of homeobox genes (HOX genes) that are part of the developmental regulatory system providing cells with specific positional identities along the developing joint and spine. Discovering the genetic basis of the disease would be an important step in understanding the etiology of this disabling condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Feldman
- Thomas Jefferson University and the Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, 925 Chestnut Street, 5th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| | - Chelsea Dalsey
- Thomas Jefferson University and the Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, 925 Chestnut Street, 5th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| | - Kasia Fertala
- Thomas Jefferson University and the Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, 925 Chestnut Street, 5th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| | - David Azimi
- Thomas Jefferson University and the Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, 925 Chestnut Street, 5th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| | - Paolo Fortina
- Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| | - Marcella Devoto
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Maurizio Pacifici
- Thomas Jefferson University and the Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, 925 Chestnut Street, 5th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| | - Javad Parvizi
- Thomas Jefferson University and the Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, 925 Chestnut Street, 5th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
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26
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Jerez A, Tarazona OA. Appendicular skeleton inBachia bicolor(Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae): osteology, limb reduction and postnatal skeletal ontogeny. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00331.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Liem IK, Aoyama H. Body wall morphogenesis: limb-genesis interferes with body wall-genesis via its influence on the abaxial somite derivatives. Mech Dev 2008; 126:198-211. [PMID: 19059337 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2007] [Revised: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate body wall is regionalized into thoracic and lumbosacral/abdominal regions that differ in their morphology and developmental origin. The thoracic body wall has ribs and intercostal muscles, which develops from thoracic somites, whereas the abdominal wall has abdominal muscles, which develops from lumbosacral somites without ribs cage. To examine whether limb-genesis interferes with body wall-genesis, and to test the possibility that limb generation leads to the regional differentiation, an ectopic limb was induced in the thoracic region by transplanting prospective limb somatopleural mesoderm of Japanese quail between the ectoderm and somatopleural mesoderm of the chick prospective thoracic region. This ectopic limb generation induced the somitic cells to migrate into the ectopic limb mesenchyme to become its muscles and caused the loss of distal thoracic body wall (sterno-distal rib and distal intercostal muscle), without causing any significant effect on the more proximal region (proximal rib, vertebro-distal rib and proximal intercostal muscle). According to a new primaxial-abaxial classification, the proximal region is classified as primaxial and the distal region, as well as limb, is classified as abaxial. We demonstrated that ectopic limb development interfered with body wall development via its influence on the abaxial somite derivatives. The present study supports the idea that the somitic cells give rise to the primaxial derivatives keeping their own identity and fate, whereas they produce the abaxial derivatives responding to the lateral plate mesoderm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Kurnia Liem
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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28
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Saber A. Isolated loss of inferior pubic ramus: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2008; 2:202. [PMID: 18549487 PMCID: PMC2438370 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-2-202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has been stated that regulation of the development of the iliac bone is different from that of the ischium and pubis. There are well-known clinical syndromes concerned with hypoplasia of ischiopubic bone, such as small patella syndrome, nail-patella syndrome, ischiopubic-patellar hypoplasia, and ischiopubic hypoplasia. CASE PRESENTATION A fit and otherwise healthy 35-year-old woman presented with pain in the left lower limb of 6 months duration. She sought advice from an orthopedic surgeon and was referred for exclusion of a primary soft tissue neoplasm. There was no history of trauma, chronic medical illness or surgical operations. Full systemic examination, laboratory investigations and whole body imaging showed no soft tissue swelling or any other bony defects. Isolated loss of the left inferior pubic ramus and thinning of the superior pubic ramus were detected, raising the question of whether the lesion was a secondary osteolytic lesion, a primary osteolytic lesion or due to endocrine disease. CONCLUSION Isolated loss of the inferior pubic ramus with no concomitant bony or soft tissue anomalies is previously unreported. To the best of the author's knowledge, this finding has not been described previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aly Saber
- Port Fouad General Hospital, Port Fouad, Port Said, Egypt.
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29
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Malashichev Y, Christ B, Pröls F. Avian pelvis originates from lateral plate mesoderm and its development requires signals from both ectoderm and paraxial mesoderm. Cell Tissue Res 2007; 331:595-604. [PMID: 18087724 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-007-0556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The pelvic girdle is composed of three skeletal elements: ilium, pubis, and ischium. In comparison with other parts of the postcranial skeleton, its development is not well known to date. To elucidate the embryonic origin of the avian pelvic girdle and the signaling centers that control its development, we have performed extirpation and quail-to-chick grafting experiments. The results reveal that the entire pelvic girdle originates from the somatopleure at somite levels 26 to 35. No somitic cell contribution to skeletal elements of the pelvis has been detected. Removal of the surface ectoderm covering the lateral plate mesoderm has revealed that ectodermal signals control the development of the pelvic girdle, especially the formation of the pubis and ischium. The impaired development of the ischium and pubis correlates with the downregulation of Pax1 and Alx4, two transcription factors that control the normal development of the ischium and pubis. Although of somatopleural origin, the development of the ilium depends on somitic signals. Insertion of a barrier between somites and somatopleure disrupts the expression of Emx2 and prevents normal development of the ilium but does not affect the expression of Pax1 or Alx4 and the development of the pubis and ischium. Thus, the development of the ilium, but not of the pubis and ischium, depends on somitic and ectodermal signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yegor Malashichev
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Soil Sciences, St Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab, St Petersburg, Russia.
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30
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Pajni-Underwood S, Wilson CP, Elder C, Mishina Y, Lewandoski M. BMP signals control limb bud interdigital programmed cell death by regulating FGF signaling. Development 2007; 134:2359-68. [PMID: 17537800 DOI: 10.1242/dev.001677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrate limbs that lack webbing, the embryonic interdigit region is removed by programmed cell death (PCD). Established models suggest that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) directly trigger such PCD, although no direct genetic evidence exists for this. Alternatively, BMPs might indirectly affect PCD by regulating fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), which act as cell survival factors. Here, we inactivated the mouse BMP receptor gene Bmpr1a specifically in the limb bud apical ectodermal ridge (AER), a source of FGF activity. Early inactivation completely prevents AER formation. However, inactivation after limb bud initiation causes an upregulation of two AER-FGFs, Fgf4 and Fgf8, and a loss of interdigital PCD leading to webbed limbs. To determine whether excess FGF signaling inhibits interdigit PCD in these Bmpr1a mutant limbs, we performed double and triple AER-specific inactivations of Bmpr1a, Fgf4 and Fgf8. Webbing persists in AER-specific inactivations of Bmpr1a and Fgf8 owing to elevated Fgf4 expression. Inactivation of Bmpr1a, Fgf8 and one copy of Fgf4 eliminates webbing. We conclude that during normal embryogenesis, BMP signaling to the AER indirectly regulates interdigit PCD by regulating AER-FGFs, which act as survival factors for the interdigit mesenchyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Pajni-Underwood
- Laboratory of Cancer and Developmental Biology National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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31
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Abstract
Somites are segments of paraxial mesoderm that give rise to a multitude of tissues in the vertebrate embryo. Many decades of intensive research have provided a wealth of data on the complex molecular interactions leading to the formation of various somitic derivatives. In this review, we focus on the crucial role of the somites in building the body wall and limbs of amniote embryos. We give an overview on the current knowledge on the specification and differentiation of somitic cell lineages leading to the development of the vertebral column, skeletal muscle, connective tissue, meninges, and vessel endothelium, and highlight the importance of the somites in establishing the metameric pattern of the vertebrate body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo Christ
- Institute of Anatomy und Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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