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Bhatt RR, Gadewar SP, Shetty A, Ba Gari I, Haddad E, Javid S, Ramesh A, Nourollahimoghadam E, Zhu AH, de Leeuw C, Thompson PM, Medland SE, Jahanshad N. The Genetic Architecture of the Human Corpus Callosum and its Subregions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.22.603147. [PMID: 39091796 PMCID: PMC11291056 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.22.603147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The corpus callosum (CC) is the largest set of white matter fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the brain. In humans, it is essential for coordinating sensorimotor responses, performing associative/executive functions, and representing information in multiple dimensions. Understanding which genetic variants underpin corpus callosum morphometry, and their shared influence on cortical structure and susceptibility to neuropsychiatric disorders, can provide molecular insights into the CC's role in mediating cortical development and its contribution to neuropsychiatric disease. To characterize the morphometry of the midsagittal corpus callosum, we developed a publicly available artificial intelligence based tool to extract, parcellate, and calculate its total and regional area and thickness. Using the UK Biobank (UKB) and the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (ABCD), we extracted measures of midsagittal corpus callosum morphometry and performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of European participants (combined N = 46,685). We then examined evidence for generalization to the non-European participants of the UKB and ABCD cohorts (combined N = 7,040). Post-GWAS analyses implicate prenatal intracellular organization and cell growth patterns, and high heritability in regions of open chromatin, suggesting transcriptional activity regulation in early development. Results suggest programmed cell death mediated by the immune system drives the thinning of the posterior body and isthmus. Global and local genetic overlap, along with causal genetic liability, between the corpus callosum, cerebral cortex, and neuropsychiatric disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity and bipolar disorders were identified. These results provide insight into variability of corpus callosum development, its genetic influence on the cerebral cortex, and biological mechanisms related to neuropsychiatric dysfunction.
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Laureano B, Irzan H, O'Reilly H, Ourselin S, Marlow N, Melbourne A. Myelination of preterm brain networks at adolescence. Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 105:114-124. [PMID: 37984490 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Prematurity and preterm stressors severely affect the development of infants born before 37 weeks of gestation, with increasing effects seen at earlier gestations. Although preterm mortality rates have declined due to the advances in neonatal care, disability rates, especially in middle-income settings, continue to grow. With the advances in MR imaging technology, there has been a focus on safely imaging the preterm brain to better understand its development and discover the brain regions and networks affected by prematurity. Such studies aim to support interventions and improve the neurodevelopment of preterm infants and deliver accurate prognoses. Few studies, however, have focused on the fully developed brain of preterm born infants, especially in extremely preterm subjects. To assess the long-term effect of prematurity on the adult brain, myelin related biomarkers such as myelin water fraction and g-ratio are measured for a cohort of 19-year-old extremely preterm born subjects. Using multi-modal imaging techniques that combine T2 relaxometry and neurite density information, the results show that specific brain regions associated with white matter injuries due to preterm birth, such as the posterior limb of the internal capsule and corpus callosum, are still less myelinated in adulthood. Furthermore, a weak positive relationship between myelin water fraction values and Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) scores was found in multiple brain regions previously defined as less myelinated in the Extremely Preterm (EPT) cohort. These findings might suggest altered connectivity in the adult preterm brain and explain differences in cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Laureano
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, UK.
| | - Hassna Irzan
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, UK; Dept. of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Helen O'Reilly
- Children's Disability Network Team, St. Michael's House, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sebastian Ourselin
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, UK; Dept. of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Neil Marlow
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Melbourne
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, UK; Dept. of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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Urbanik A, Guz W, Gołębiowski M, Szurowska E, Majos A, Sąsiadek M, Stajgis M, Ostrogórska M. Assessment of the corpus callosum size in male individuals with high intelligence quotient (members of Mensa International). RADIOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 63:49-54. [PMID: 37160478 PMCID: PMC10689507 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-023-01146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the size of the corpus callosum in members of Mensa International, which is the world's largest and oldest high-intelligence quotient (IQ) society. METHODS We performed T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (Repetition Time, TR = 3200 ms, Time of Echo, TE = 409 ms) to examine the brain of members of Mensa International (Polish national group) in order to assess the size of the corpus callosum. Results from 113 male MENSA members and 96 controls in the age range of 21-40 years were analyzed. RESULTS The comparative analysis showed that the mean length of the corpus callosum and the thickness of the isthmus were significantly greater in the Mensa members compared to the control groups. A statistically significant difference was also identified in the largest linear dimension of the brain from the frontal lobe to the occipital lobe. The mean corpus callosum cross-sectional area and its ratio to the brain area were significantly greater in the Mensa members. CONCLUSIONS The results show that the dimensions (linear measures and midsagittal cross-sectional surface area) of the corpus callosum were significantly greater in the group of Mensa members than in the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Urbanik
- Department of Radiology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 19, 31-501, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wiesław Guz
- Department of Electroradiology, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Marek Gołębiowski
- I-st Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Edyta Szurowska
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agata Majos
- Chair of Radiology and Imaging Diagnostics, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Marek Sąsiadek
- Department of Radiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Stajgis
- Department of General Radiology and Neuroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Ostrogórska
- Department of Radiology, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 19, 31-501, Krakow, Poland.
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Raaf N, Westerhausen R. Hand preference and the corpus callosum: Is there really no association? NEUROIMAGE: REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2023.100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The term intellectually gifted (IG) refers to children of high intelligence, which is classically measured by the intelligence quotient (IQ). Some researchers assume that the cognitive profiles of these children are characterized by both strengths and weaknesses, compared with those of their typically developing (TD) peers of average IQ. The aim of the present systematic review was to verify this assumption, by compiling data from empirical studies of cognitive functions (language, motor skills, visuospatial processing, memory, attention and executive functions, social and emotional cognition) and academic performances. METHOD The literature search yielded 658 articles, 15 of which met the selection criteria taken from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses model. We undertook a qualitative summary, to highlight any discrepancies between cognitive functions. RESULTS IG children exhibited better skills than TD children in a number of domains, including attention, language, mathematics, verbal working memory, shifting, and social problem solving. However, the two groups had comparable skills in visuospatial processing, memory, planning, inhibition, and visual working memory, or facial recognition. CONCLUSION Although IG children may have some strengths, many studies have failed to find differences between this population and their TD peers on many other cognitive measures. Just like any other children, they can display learning disabilities, which can be responsible for academic underachievement. Further studies are needed to better understand this heterogeneity. The present review provides pointers for overcoming methodological problems and opens up new avenues for giftedness research.
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Key AP, de Moura Negrini SF, Tanuri Caldas CA, Teixeira SR, Anastasio AR, Cavalcante J, Mussi-Pinhata MM, Hood LJ. A prospective study of neurodevelopmental trends between 3 and 24 months in normocephalic infants with prenatal Zika virus exposure: Evidence of emerging communication delays in the NATZIG cohort. Early Hum Dev 2021; 163:105470. [PMID: 34563832 PMCID: PMC8629952 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2021.105470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Developmental trends between 3 and 24 months were assessed in 194 normocephalic infants with prenatal Zika virus exposure. Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Screening Test-3rd Edition cognitive scores remained in the typical range. Communication skills developed at a slower rate suggesting that neurodevelopmental delays may emerge at older ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P. Key
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA, Corresponding author. (A.P. Key)
| | | | | | - Sara Reis Teixeira
- Clinical University Hospital at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana R.T. Anastasio
- Clinical University Hospital at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cavalcante
- Clinical University Hospital at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa M. Mussi-Pinhata
- Clinical University Hospital at Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Linda J. Hood
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Zhao G, Lau WKW, Wang C, Yan H, Zhang C, Lin K, Qiu S, Huang R, Zhang R. A Comparative Multimodal Meta-analysis of Anisotropy and Volume Abnormalities in White Matter in People Suffering From Bipolar Disorder or Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2021; 48:69-79. [PMID: 34374427 PMCID: PMC8781378 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) share some similarities in terms of genetic-risk genes and abnormalities of gray-matter structure in the brain, but white matter (WM) abnormalities have not been studied in depth. We undertook a comparative multimodal meta-analysis to identify common and disorder-specific abnormalities in WM structure between SZ and BD. Anisotropic effect size-signed differential mapping software was used to conduct a comparative meta-analysis of 68 diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and 34 voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies comparing fractional anisotropy (FA) and white matter volume (WMV), respectively, between patients with SZ (DTI: N = 1543; VBM: N = 1068) and BD (DTI: N = 983; VBM: N = 518) and healthy controls (HCs). The bilateral corpus callosum (extending to the anterior and superior corona radiata) showed shared decreased WMV and FA in SZ and BD. Compared with BD patients, SZ patients showed remarkable disorder-specific WM abnormalities: decreased FA and increased WMV in the left cingulum, and increased FA plus decreased WMV in the right anterior limb of the internal capsule. SZ patients showed more extensive alterations in WM than BD cases, which may be the pathophysiological basis for the clinical continuity of both disorders. The disorder-specific regions in the left cingulum and right anterior limb of the internal capsule provided novel insights into both disorders. Our study adds value to further understanding of the pathophysiology, classification, and differential diagnosis of SZ and BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorui Zhao
- Laboratory of Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Way K W Lau
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chanyu Wang
- Laboratory of Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Yan
- Laboratory of Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chichen Zhang
- School of Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangguang Lin
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijun Qiu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Chinese traditional Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiwang Huang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruibin Zhang
- Laboratory of Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Laboratory of Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, tel/fax:020-62789234, e-mail:
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Westerhausen R, Fjell AM, Kompus K, Schapiro SJ, Sherwood CC, Walhovd KB, Hopkins WD. Comparative morphology of the corpus callosum across the adult lifespan in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and humans. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:1584-1596. [PMID: 32978976 PMCID: PMC7987726 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The human corpus callosum exhibits substantial atrophy in old age, which is stronger than what would be predicted from parallel changes in overall brain anatomy. To date, however, it has not been conclusively established whether this accentuated decline represents a common feature of brain aging across species, or whether it is a specific characteristic of the aging human brain. In the present cross-sectional study, we address this question by comparing age-related difference in corpus callosum morphology of chimpanzees and humans. For this purpose, we measured total midsagittal area and regional thickness of the corpus callosum from T1-weighted MRI data from 213 chimpanzees, aged between 9 and 54 years. The results were compared with data drawn from a large-scale human sample which was age-range matched using two strategies: (a) matching by chronological age (human sample size: n = 562), or (b) matching by accounting for differences in longevity and various maturational events between the species (i.e., adjusted human age range: 13.6 to 80.9 years; n = 664). Using generalized additive modeling to fit and compare aging trajectories, we found significant differences between the two species. The chimpanzee aging trajectory compared with the human trajectory was characterized by a slower increase from adolescence to middle adulthood, and by a lack of substantial decline from middle to old adulthood, which, however, was present in humans. Thus, the accentuated decline of the corpus callosum found in aging humans is not a universal characteristic of the aging brain, and appears to be human-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Westerhausen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders M. Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Kristiina Kompus
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Steven J. Schapiro
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, USA
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chet C. Sherwood
- Department of Anthropology and Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kristine B. Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - William D. Hopkins
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Michael E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, USA
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Corpus callosum morphology across the lifespan in baboons (Papio anubis): A cross-sectional study of relative mid-sagittal surface area and thickness. Neurosci Res 2021; 171:19-26. [PMID: 33744333 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The corpus callosum enables integration and coordination of cognitive processing between the cerebral hemispheres. In the aging human brain, these functions are affected by progressive axon and myelin deteriorations, reflected as atrophy of the midsagittal corpus callosum in old age. In non-human primates, these degenerative processes are less pronounced as previous morphometric studies on capuchin monkey, rhesus monkeys, and chimpanzees do not find old-age callosal atrophy. In the present study, we extend these previous findings by studying callosal development of the olive baboon (Papio anubis) across the lifespan and compare it to chimpanzee and human data. For this purpose, total relative (to forebrain volume) midsagittal area, subsectional area, and regional thickness of the corpus callosum were assessed in 91 male and female baboons using non-invasive MRI-based morphometry. The studied age range was 2.5-26.6 years and lifespan trajectories were fitted using general additive modelling. Relative area of the total and anterior corpus callosum showed a positive linear trajectory. That is, both measures increased slowly but continuously from childhood into old age, and no decline was observed in old age. Thus, comparable with all other non-human primates studied to-date, baboons do not show callosal atrophy in old age. This observation lends supports to the notion that atrophy of the corpus callosum is a unique characteristic of human brain aging.
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Satary Dizaji A, Vieira BH, Khodaei MR, Ashrafi M, Parham E, Hosseinzadeh GA, Salmon CEG, Soltanianzadeh H. Linking Brain Biology to Intellectual Endowment: A Review on the Associations of Human Intelligence With Neuroimaging Data. Basic Clin Neurosci 2021; 12:1-28. [PMID: 33995924 PMCID: PMC8114859 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.12.1.574.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human intelligence has always been a fascinating subject for scientists. Since the inception of Spearman's general intelligence in the early 1900s, there has been significant progress towards characterizing different aspects of intelligence and its relationship with structural and functional features of the brain. In recent years, the invention of sophisticated brain imaging devices using Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) has allowed researchers to test hypotheses about neural correlates of intelligence in humans.This review summarizes recent findings on the associations of human intelligence with neuroimaging data. To this end, first, we review the literature that has related brain morphometry to intelligence. Next, we elaborate on the applications of DWI and restingstate fMRI on the investigation of intelligence. Then, we provide a survey of literature that has used multimodal DWI-fMRI to shed light on intelligence. Finally, we discuss the state-of-the-art of individualized prediction of intelligence from neuroimaging data and point out future strategies. Future studies hold promising outcomes for machine learning-based predictive frameworks using neuroimaging features to estimate human intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslan Satary Dizaji
- Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence (CIPCE), School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bruno Hebling Vieira
- Inbrain Lab, Department of Physics, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Mohmmad Reza Khodaei
- Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence (CIPCE), School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Ashrafi
- Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence (CIPCE), School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Parham
- Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence (CIPCE), School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam Ali Hosseinzadeh
- Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence (CIPCE), School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Soltanianzadeh
- Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence (CIPCE), School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
- Radiology Image Analysis Laboratory, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, USA
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Bartnik-Olson B, Holshouser B, Ghosh N, Oyoyo UE, Nichols JG, Pivonka-Jones J, Tong K, Ashwal S. Evolving White Matter Injury following Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2020; 38:111-121. [PMID: 32515269 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is unique in that it examines the evolution of white matter injury very early and at 12 months post-injury in pediatric patients following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was acquired at two time-points: acutely at 6-17 days and 12 months following a complicated mild (cMild)/moderate (mod) or severe TBI. Regional measures of anisotropy and diffusivity were compared between TBI groups and against a group of age-matched healthy controls and used to predict performance on measures of attention, memory, and intellectual functioning at 12-months post-injury. Analysis of the acute DTI data using tract based spatial statistics revealed a small number of regional decreases in fractional anisotropy (FA) in both the cMild/mod and severe TBI groups compared with controls. These changes were observed in the occipital white matter, anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC)/basal ganglia, and corpus callosum. The severe TBI group showed regional differences in axial diffusivity (AD) in the brainstem and corpus callosum that were not seen in the cMild/mod TBI group. By 12-months, widespread decreases in FA and increases in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and radial diffusivity (RD) were observed in both TBI groups compared with controls, with the overall number of regions with abnormal DTI metrics increasing over time. The early changes in regional DTI metrics were associated with 12-month performance IQ scores. These findings suggest that there may be regional differences in the brain's reparative processes or that mechanisms associated with the brain's plasticity to recover may also be region based.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Bartnik-Olson
- Department of Radiology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Barbara Holshouser
- Department of Radiology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Nirmalya Ghosh
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Udochukwu E Oyoyo
- Department of Radiology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Joy G Nichols
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Jamie Pivonka-Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Karen Tong
- Department of Radiology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Stephen Ashwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
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Danielsen VM, Vidal-Piñeiro D, Mowinckel AM, Sederevicius D, Fjell AM, Walhovd KB, Westerhausen R. Lifespan trajectories of relative corpus callosum thickness: Regional differences and cognitive relevance. Cortex 2020; 130:127-141. [PMID: 32652340 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The cerebral hemispheres are specialized for different cognitive functions and receive divergent information from the sensory organs, so that the interaction between the hemispheres is a crucial aspect of perception and cognition. At the same time, the major fiber tract responsible for this interaction, the corpus callosum, shows a structural development across the lifespan which is over-proportional. That is, compared to changes in overall forebrain volume, the corpus callosum shows an accentuated growth during childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood, as well as pronounced decline in older age. However, this over-proportionality of growth and decline along with potential consequences for cognition, have been largely overlooked in empirical research. In the present study we systematically address the proportionality of callosal development in a large mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal sample (1867 datasets from 1014 unique participants), covering the human lifespan (age range 4-93 years), and examine the cognitive consequences of the observed changes. Relative corpus callosum thickness was measured at 60 segments along the midsagittal surface, and lifespan trajectories were clustered to identify callosal subsections of comparable lifespan development. While confirming the expected inverted u-shaped lifespan trajectories, we also found substantial regional variation. Compared with anterior clusters, the most posterior sections exhibited an accentuated growth during development which extends well into the third decade of life, and a protracted decline in older age which is delayed by about 10 years (starting mid to late 50s). We further showed that the observed longitudinal changes in relative thickness of the mid splenium significantly mediates age-related changes in tests assessing verbal knowledge and non-verbal visual-spatial abilities across the lifespan. In summary, we demonstrate that analyzing the proportionality of callosal growth and decline offers valuable insight into lifespan development of structural connectivity between the hemispheres, and suggests consequences for the cognitive development of perception and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Danielsen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - D Vidal-Piñeiro
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - A M Mowinckel
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - D Sederevicius
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - A M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - K B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - R Westerhausen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway.
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Simpson-Kent IL, Fuhrmann D, Bathelt J, Achterberg J, Borgeest GS, Kievit RA. Neurocognitive reorganization between crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence and white matter microstructure in two age-heterogeneous developmental cohorts. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 41:100743. [PMID: 31999564 PMCID: PMC6983934 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the reliability of intelligence measures in predicting important life outcomes such as educational achievement and mortality, the exact configuration and neural correlates of cognitive abilities remain poorly understood, especially in childhood and adolescence. Therefore, we sought to elucidate the factorial structure and neural substrates of child and adolescent intelligence using two cross-sectional, developmental samples (CALM: N = 551 (N = 165 imaging), age range: 5-18 years, NKI-Rockland: N = 337 (N = 65 imaging), age range: 6-18 years). In a preregistered analysis, we used structural equation modelling (SEM) to examine the neurocognitive architecture of individual differences in childhood and adolescent cognitive ability. In both samples, we found that cognitive ability in lower and typical-ability cohorts is best understood as two separable constructs, crystallized and fluid intelligence, which became more distinct across development, in line with the age differentiation hypothesis. Further analyses revealed that white matter microstructure, most prominently the superior longitudinal fasciculus, was strongly associated with crystallized (gc) and fluid (gf) abilities. Finally, we used SEM trees to demonstrate evidence for developmental reorganization of gc and gf and their white matter substrates such that the relationships among these factors dropped between 7-8 years before increasing around age 10. Together, our results suggest that shortly before puberty marks a pivotal phase of change in the neurocognitive architecture of intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan L Simpson-Kent
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 7EF, UK.
| | - Delia Fuhrmann
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 7EF, UK
| | - Joe Bathelt
- Dutch Autism & ADHD Research Center, Brain & Cognition, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WS Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jascha Achterberg
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 7EF, UK
| | - Gesa Sophia Borgeest
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 7EF, UK
| | - Rogier A Kievit
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 7EF, UK
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Zhong Y, Huang Y, Ding H. Re-understanding of edema zone from the nerve fiber bundles: A narrative review. GLIOMA 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/glioma.glioma_28_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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16
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Vander Linden C, Verhelst H, Deschepper E, Vingerhoets G, Deblaere K, Caeyenberghs K. Cognitive training benefit depends on brain injury location in adolescents with traumatic brain injury: a pilot study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2019; 55:585-594. [DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.18.05548-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Callosotomy affects performance IQ: A meta-analysis of individual participant data. Neurosci Lett 2017; 665:43-47. [PMID: 29174639 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Morphometric neuroimaging studies on healthy adult individuals regularly report a positive association between intelligence test performance (IQ) and structural properties of the corpus callosum (CC). At the same time, studies examining the effect of callosotomy on epilepsy patients report only negligible changes in IQ as result of the surgery, partially contradicting the findings of the morphometry studies. Objective of the present meta-analysis of individual participant data (IPD) of 87 cases from 16 reports was to re-investigate the effect of callosotomy on full scale IQ as well as on the verbal and performance subscale under special consideration of two possible moderating factors: pre-surgical IQ levels and the extent of the surgery (complete vs. anterior transsection). The main finding was that callosotomy selectively affects performance IQ, whereby the effect is modulated by the pre-surgical level of performance. Patients with an above-median pre-surgery performance IQ level show a significant average decrease of -5.44 (CI95%: - 8.33 to - 2.56) IQ points following the surgery, while the below-median group does not reveal a significant change in IQ (mean change: 1.01 IQ points; CI95%: -1.83 to 3.86). Thus, the present analyses support the notion that callosotomy has a negative effect on the patients' performance IQ, but only in those patients, who at least have an average performance levels before the surgery. This observation also lends support to the findings of previous morphometry studies, indicating that the frequently observed CC-IQ correlation might indeed reflect a functional contribution of callosal interhemispheric connectivity to intelligence-test performance.
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