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Davidson CJ, Hannigan JH, Perrine SA, Bowen SE. Abuse-like toluene exposure during early adolescence alters subsequent ethanol and cocaine behavioral effects and brain monoamines in male mice. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2024; 101:107317. [PMID: 38199311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Currently, there is a gap in understanding the neurobiological impact early adolescent toluene exposure has on subsequent actions of other drugs. Adolescent (PND 28-32) male Swiss-Webster mice (N = 210) were exposed to 0, 2000, or 4000 ppm of toluene vapor for 30 min/day for 5 days. Immediately following the last toluene exposure (PND 32; n = 15) or after a short delay (PND 35; n = 15), a subset of subjects' brains was collected for monoamine analysis. Remaining mice were assigned to one of two abstinence periods: a short 4-day (PND 36) or long 12-day (PND 44) delay after toluene exposure. Mice were then subjected to a cumulative dose response assessment of either cocaine (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg; n = 60), ethanol (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 g/kg; n = 60), or saline (5 control injections; n = 60). Toluene concentration-dependently increased locomotor activity during exposure. When later challenged, mice exposed previously to toluene were significantly less active after cocaine (10 and 20 mg/kg) compared to air-exposed controls. Animals were also less active at the highest dose of alcohol (4 g/kg) following prior exposure to 4000 ppm when compared to air-exposed controls. Analysis of monoamines and their metabolites using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), dorsal striatum (dSTR), and ventral tegmental area (VTA) revealed subtle effects on monoamine or metabolite levels following cumulative dosing that varied by drug (cocaine and ethanol) and abstinence duration. Our results suggest that early adolescent toluene exposure produces behavioral desensitization to subsequent cocaine-induced locomotor activity with subtle enhancement of ethanol's depressive effects and less clear impacts on levels of monoamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron J Davidson
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - John H Hannigan
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute for Child & Family Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Shane A Perrine
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Scott E Bowen
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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2
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Reumann D, Krauditsch C, Novatchkova M, Sozzi E, Wong SN, Zabolocki M, Priouret M, Doleschall B, Ritzau-Reid KI, Piber M, Morassut I, Fieseler C, Fiorenzano A, Stevens MM, Zimmer M, Bardy C, Parmar M, Knoblich JA. In vitro modeling of the human dopaminergic system using spatially arranged ventral midbrain-striatum-cortex assembloids. Nat Methods 2023; 20:2034-2047. [PMID: 38052989 PMCID: PMC10703680 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-02080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons project to the striatum as well as the cortex and are involved in movement control and reward-related cognition. In Parkinson's disease, nigrostriatal midbrain dopaminergic neurons degenerate and cause typical Parkinson's disease motor-related impairments, while the dysfunction of mesocorticolimbic midbrain dopaminergic neurons is implicated in addiction and neuropsychiatric disorders. Study of the development and selective neurodegeneration of the human dopaminergic system, however, has been limited due to the lack of an appropriate model and access to human material. Here, we have developed a human in vitro model that recapitulates key aspects of dopaminergic innervation of the striatum and cortex. These spatially arranged ventral midbrain-striatum-cortical organoids (MISCOs) can be used to study dopaminergic neuron maturation, innervation and function with implications for cell therapy and addiction research. We detail protocols for growing ventral midbrain, striatal and cortical organoids and describe how they fuse in a linear manner when placed in custom embedding molds. We report the formation of functional long-range dopaminergic connections to striatal and cortical tissues in MISCOs, and show that injected, ventral midbrain-patterned progenitors can mature and innervate the tissue. Using these assembloids, we examine dopaminergic circuit perturbations and show that chronic cocaine treatment causes long-lasting morphological, functional and transcriptional changes that persist upon drug withdrawal. Thus, our method opens new avenues to investigate human dopaminergic cell transplantation and circuitry reconstruction as well as the effect of drugs on the human dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Reumann
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Krauditsch
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Novatchkova
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edoardo Sozzi
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sakurako Nagumo Wong
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Zabolocki
- Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Marthe Priouret
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Balint Doleschall
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kaja I Ritzau-Reid
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marielle Piber
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ilaria Morassut
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charles Fieseler
- Department of Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alessandro Fiorenzano
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'Adriano Buzzati Traverso' (IGB), CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Manuel Zimmer
- Department of Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cedric Bardy
- Laboratory for Human Neurophysiology and Genetics, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Malin Parmar
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jürgen A Knoblich
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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3
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Heck N, Santos MD. Dendritic Spines in Learning and Memory: From First Discoveries to Current Insights. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 34:311-348. [PMID: 37962799 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-36159-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system is composed of neural ensembles, and their activity patterns are neural correlates of cognitive functions. Those ensembles are networks of neurons connected to each other by synapses. Most neurons integrate synaptic signal through a remarkable subcellular structure called spine. Dendritic spines are protrusions whose diverse shapes make them appear as a specific neuronal compartment, and they have been the focus of studies for more than a century. Soon after their first description by Ramón y Cajal, it has been hypothesized that spine morphological changes could modify neuronal connectivity and sustain cognitive abilities. Later studies demonstrated that changes in spine density and morphology occurred in experience-dependent plasticity during development, and in clinical cases of mental retardation. This gave ground for the assumption that dendritic spines are the particular locus of cerebral plasticity. With the discovery of synaptic long-term potentiation, a research program emerged with the aim to establish whether dendritic spine plasticity could explain learning and memory. The development of live imaging methods revealed on the one hand that dendritic spine remodeling is compatible with learning process and, on the other hand, that their long-term stability is compatible with lifelong memories. Furthermore, the study of the mechanisms of spine growth and maintenance shed new light on the rules of plasticity. In behavioral paradigms of memory, spine formation or elimination and morphological changes were found to correlate with learning. In a last critical step, recent experiments have provided evidence that dendritic spines play a causal role in learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Heck
- Laboratory Neurosciences Paris Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
| | - Marc Dos Santos
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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4
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Male DAT Val559 Mice Exhibit Compulsive Behavior under Devalued Reward Conditions Accompanied by Cellular and Pharmacological Changes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244059. [PMID: 36552823 PMCID: PMC9777203 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Identified across multiple psychiatric disorders, the dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) Ala559Val substitution triggers non-vesicular, anomalous DA efflux (ADE), perturbing DA neurotransmission and behavior. We have shown that DAT Val559 mice display a waiting impulsivity and changes in cognitive performance associated with enhanced reward motivation. Here, utilizing a within-subject, lever-pressing paradigm designed to bias the formation of goal-directed or habitual behavior, we demonstrate that DAT Val559 mice modulate their nose poke behavior appropriately to match context, but demonstrate a perseverative checking behavior. Although DAT Val559 mice display no issues with the cognitive flexibility required to acquire and re-learn a visual pairwise discrimination task, devaluation of reward evoked habitual reward seeking in DAT Val559 mutants in operant tasks regardless of reinforcement schedule. The direct DA agonist apomorphine also elicits locomotor stereotypies in DAT Val559, but not WT mice. Our observation that dendritic spine density is increased in the dorsal medial striatum (DMS) of DAT Val559 mice speaks to an imbalance in striatal circuitry that might underlie the propensity of DAT Val559 mutants to exhibit compulsive behaviors when reward is devalued. Thus, DAT Val559 mice represent a model for dissection of how altered DA signaling perturbs circuits that normally balance habitual and goal-directed behaviors.
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Peltz G, Tan Y. What Have We Learned (or Expect to) From Analysis of Murine Genetic Models Related to Substance Use Disorders? Front Psychiatry 2022; 12:793961. [PMID: 35095607 PMCID: PMC8790171 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.793961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The tremendous public health problem created by substance use disorders (SUDs) presents a major opportunity for mouse genetics. Inbred mouse strains exhibit substantial and heritable differences in their responses to drugs of abuse (DOA) and in many of the behaviors associated with susceptibility to SUD. Therefore, genetic discoveries emerging from analysis of murine genetic models can provide critically needed insight into the neurobiological effects of DOA, and they can reveal how genetic factors affect susceptibility drug addiction. There are already indications, emerging from our prior analyses of murine genetic models of responses related to SUDs that mouse genetic models of SUD can provide actionable information, which can lead to new approaches for alleviating SUDs. Lastly, we consider the features of murine genetic models that enable causative genetic factors to be successfully identified; and the methodologies that facilitate genetic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Peltz
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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6
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Allichon MC, Ortiz V, Pousinha P, Andrianarivelo A, Petitbon A, Heck N, Trifilieff P, Barik J, Vanhoutte P. Cell-Type-Specific Adaptions in Striatal Medium-Sized Spiny Neurons and Their Roles in Behavioral Responses to Drugs of Abuse. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 13:799274. [PMID: 34970134 PMCID: PMC8712310 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.799274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug addiction is defined as a compulsive pattern of drug-seeking- and taking- behavior, with recurrent episodes of abstinence and relapse, and a loss of control despite negative consequences. Addictive drugs promote reinforcement by increasing dopamine in the mesocorticolimbic system, which alters excitatory glutamate transmission within the reward circuitry, thereby hijacking reward processing. Within the reward circuitry, the striatum is a key target structure of drugs of abuse since it is at the crossroad of converging glutamate inputs from limbic, thalamic and cortical regions, encoding components of drug-associated stimuli and environment, and dopamine that mediates reward prediction error and incentive values. These signals are integrated by medium-sized spiny neurons (MSN), which receive glutamate and dopamine axons converging onto their dendritic spines. MSN primarily form two mostly distinct populations based on the expression of either DA-D1 (D1R) or DA-D2 (D2R) receptors. While a classical view is that the two MSN populations act in parallel, playing antagonistic functional roles, the picture seems much more complex. Herein, we review recent studies, based on the use of cell-type-specific manipulations, demonstrating that dopamine differentially modulates dendritic spine density and synapse formation, as well as glutamate transmission, at specific inputs projecting onto D1R-MSN and D2R-MSN to shape persistent pathological behavioral in response to drugs of abuse. We also discuss the identification of distinct molecular events underlying the detrimental interplay between dopamine and glutamate signaling in D1R-MSN and D2R-MSN and highlight the relevance of such cell-type-specific molecular studies for the development of innovative strategies with potential therapeutic value for addiction. Because drug addiction is highly prevalent in patients with other psychiatric disorders when compared to the general population, we last discuss the hypothesis that shared cellular and molecular adaptations within common circuits could explain the co-occurrence of addiction and depression. We will therefore conclude this review by examining how the nucleus accumbens (NAc) could constitute a key interface between addiction and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Charlotte Allichon
- CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Vanesa Ortiz
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7275, Valbonne, France
| | - Paula Pousinha
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7275, Valbonne, France
| | - Andry Andrianarivelo
- CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Anna Petitbon
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicolas Heck
- CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Trifilieff
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jacques Barik
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7275, Valbonne, France
| | - Peter Vanhoutte
- CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Paris, France
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7
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Wildenberg G, Sorokina A, Koranda J, Monical A, Heer C, Sheffield M, Zhuang X, McGehee D, Kasthuri B. Partial connectomes of labeled dopaminergic circuits reveal non-synaptic communication and axonal remodeling after exposure to cocaine. eLife 2021; 10:71981. [PMID: 34965204 PMCID: PMC8716107 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic (DA) neurons exert profound influences on behavior including addiction. However, how DA axons communicate with target neurons and how those communications change with drug exposure remains poorly understood. We leverage cell type-specific labeling with large volume serial electron microscopy to detail DA connections in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of the mouse (Mus musculus) before and after exposure to cocaine. We find that individual DA axons contain different varicosity types based on their vesicle contents. Spatially ordering along individual axons further suggests that varicosity types are non-randomly organized. DA axon varicosities rarely make specific synapses (<2%, 6/410), but instead are more likely to form spinule-like structures (15%, 61/410) with neighboring neurons. Days after a brief exposure to cocaine, DA axons were extensively branched relative to controls, formed blind-ended 'bulbs' filled with mitochondria, and were surrounded by elaborated glia. Finally, mitochondrial lengths increased by ~2.2 times relative to control only in DA axons and NAc spiny dendrites after cocaine exposure. We conclude that DA axonal transmission is unlikely to be mediated via classical synapses in the NAc and that the major locus of anatomical plasticity of DA circuits after exposure to cocaine are large-scale axonal re-arrangements with correlated changes in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg Wildenberg
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, United States
| | - Anastasia Sorokina
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, United States
| | - Jessica Koranda
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Alexis Monical
- Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Chad Heer
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Mark Sheffield
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Xiaoxi Zhuang
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Daniel McGehee
- Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Bobby Kasthuri
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, United States
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8
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Lissek T, Andrianarivelo A, Saint‐Jour E, Allichon M, Bauersachs HG, Nassar M, Piette C, Pruunsild P, Tan Y, Forget B, Heck N, Caboche J, Venance L, Vanhoutte P, Bading H. Npas4 regulates medium spiny neuron physiology and gates cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51882. [PMID: 34661342 PMCID: PMC8647009 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We show here that the transcription factor Npas4 is an important regulator of medium spiny neuron spine density and electrophysiological parameters and that it determines the magnitude of cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion in mice. Npas4 is induced by synaptic stimuli that cause calcium influx, but not dopaminergic or PKA-stimulating input, in mouse medium spiny neurons and human iPSC-derived forebrain organoids. This induction is independent of ubiquitous kinase pathways such as PKA and MAPK cascades, and instead depends on calcineurin and nuclear calcium signalling. Npas4 controls a large regulon containing transcripts for synaptic molecules, such as NMDA receptors and VDCC subunits, and determines in vivo MSN spine density, firing rate, I/O gain function and paired-pulse facilitation. These functions at the molecular and cellular levels control the locomotor response to drugs of abuse, as Npas4 knockdown in the nucleus accumbens decreases hyperlocomotion in response to cocaine in male mice while leaving basal locomotor behaviour unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lissek
- Interdisciplinary Center for NeurosciencesDepartment of NeurobiologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Andry Andrianarivelo
- INSERM, UMR‐S 1130Neuroscience Paris SeineInstitute of Biology Paris SeineParisFrance
- CNRSUMR 8246Neuroscience Paris SeineParisFrance
- Sorbonne UniversitéUPMC Université Paris 06UM CR18Neuroscience Paris SeineParisFrance
| | - Estefani Saint‐Jour
- INSERM, UMR‐S 1130Neuroscience Paris SeineInstitute of Biology Paris SeineParisFrance
- CNRSUMR 8246Neuroscience Paris SeineParisFrance
- Sorbonne UniversitéUPMC Université Paris 06UM CR18Neuroscience Paris SeineParisFrance
| | - Marie‐Charlotte Allichon
- INSERM, UMR‐S 1130Neuroscience Paris SeineInstitute of Biology Paris SeineParisFrance
- CNRSUMR 8246Neuroscience Paris SeineParisFrance
- Sorbonne UniversitéUPMC Université Paris 06UM CR18Neuroscience Paris SeineParisFrance
| | - Hanke Gwendolyn Bauersachs
- Interdisciplinary Center for NeurosciencesDepartment of NeurobiologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Merie Nassar
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB)College de FranceCNRS UMR7241INSERM U1050Université PSLParisFrance
| | - Charlotte Piette
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB)College de FranceCNRS UMR7241INSERM U1050Université PSLParisFrance
| | - Priit Pruunsild
- Interdisciplinary Center for NeurosciencesDepartment of NeurobiologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Yan‐Wei Tan
- Interdisciplinary Center for NeurosciencesDepartment of NeurobiologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Benoit Forget
- INSERM, UMR‐S 1130Neuroscience Paris SeineInstitute of Biology Paris SeineParisFrance
- CNRSUMR 8246Neuroscience Paris SeineParisFrance
- Sorbonne UniversitéUPMC Université Paris 06UM CR18Neuroscience Paris SeineParisFrance
| | - Nicolas Heck
- INSERM, UMR‐S 1130Neuroscience Paris SeineInstitute of Biology Paris SeineParisFrance
- CNRSUMR 8246Neuroscience Paris SeineParisFrance
- Sorbonne UniversitéUPMC Université Paris 06UM CR18Neuroscience Paris SeineParisFrance
| | - Jocelyne Caboche
- INSERM, UMR‐S 1130Neuroscience Paris SeineInstitute of Biology Paris SeineParisFrance
- CNRSUMR 8246Neuroscience Paris SeineParisFrance
- Sorbonne UniversitéUPMC Université Paris 06UM CR18Neuroscience Paris SeineParisFrance
| | - Laurent Venance
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB)College de FranceCNRS UMR7241INSERM U1050Université PSLParisFrance
| | - Peter Vanhoutte
- INSERM, UMR‐S 1130Neuroscience Paris SeineInstitute of Biology Paris SeineParisFrance
- CNRSUMR 8246Neuroscience Paris SeineParisFrance
- Sorbonne UniversitéUPMC Université Paris 06UM CR18Neuroscience Paris SeineParisFrance
| | - Hilmar Bading
- Interdisciplinary Center for NeurosciencesDepartment of NeurobiologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
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9
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Abstract
Drug addiction is responsible for millions of deaths per year around the world. Still, its management as a chronic disease is shadowed by misconceptions from the general public. Indeed, drug consumers are often labelled as "weak", "immoral" or "depraved". Consequently, drug addiction is often perceived as an individual problem and not societal. In technical terms, drug addiction is defined as a chronic, relapsing disease resulting from sustained effects of drugs on the brain. Through a better characterisation of the cerebral circuits involved, and the long-term modifications of the brain induced by addictive drugs administrations, first, we might be able to change the way the general public see the patient who is suffering from drug addiction, and second, we might be able to find new treatments to normalise the altered brain homeostasis. In this review, we synthetise the contribution of fundamental research to the understanding drug addiction and its contribution to potential novel therapeutics. Mostly based on drug-induced modifications of synaptic plasticity and epigenetic mechanisms (and their behavioural correlates) and after demonstration of their reversibility, we tried to highlight promising therapeutics. We also underline the specific temporal dynamics and psychosocial aspects of this complex psychiatric disease adding parameters to be considered in clinical trials and paving the way to test new therapeutic venues.
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10
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Chen P, Shen X, Zhao S, Liu Z, Zhu Q, Zhu T, Zhang S, Li Y, Mao L, Sun J. Measurement of intact quantal packet of transmitters released from single nerve terminal by loose-patch amperometry. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 181:113143. [PMID: 33713952 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal information is majorly encoded chemically at synapses and the elementary unit of synaptic transmission is the contents of neurotransmitter released from single vesicle. However, the contents of quantal neurotransmitter have never been precisely estimated at synapses, which largely prevent our understanding the nature of quantal neurotransmitter release and its impact on neuronal information processing. In order to break through the technical bottleneck of precisely counting quantal neurotransmitter molecules, we developed a new approach in combination of electrophysiology and electrochemistry to measure intact quantal content of single vesicles. An etched submicro-carbon fiber electrode for electrochemical detection was designed to be enclosed in an electrophysiologically used glass pipette. The glass pipette allowed the electrochemical electrode to access the release site, and amperometric recordings were made within the enclosed space at the electrophysiological loose-patch mode. Our study showed that the intact quantal release could be successfully detected at the dopaminergic varicosities by this loose-patch amperometric measurement in real time with negligible leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihua Chen
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xuefeng Shen
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Shuainan Zhao
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; University of CAS, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zili Liu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; University of CAS, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qianwen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- School of Microelectronics, MOE Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuits for Next Generation Communications, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; University of CAS, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Li
- School of Microelectronics, MOE Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuits for Next Generation Communications, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Institute of Chemistry, CAS, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianyuan Sun
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China; University of CAS, Beijing, 100049, China; Center for Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Prieto JP, López Hill X, Urbanavicius J, Sanchez V, Nadal X, Scorza C. Cannabidiol Prevents the Expression of the Locomotor Sensitization and the Metabolic Changes in the Nucleus Accumbens and Prefrontal Cortex Elicited by the Combined Administration of Cocaine and Caffeine in Rats. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:478-486. [PMID: 32415526 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00218-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, clinical and preclinical researchers have increased their interest in non-psychotomimetic cannabinoids, like cannabidiol (CBD), as a strategy for treating psychostimulant use disorders. However, there are discrepancies in the pharmacological effects and brain targets of CBD. We evaluated if CBD was able to prevent the locomotor sensitization elicited by cocaine and caffeine co-administration. The effect of CBD on putative alterations in the metabolic activity of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc), and its respective subregions (cingulated, prelimbic, and infralimbic cortices, and NAc core and shell) associated to the behavioral response, was also investigated. Rats were intraperitoneally and repeatedly treated with CBD (20 mg/kg) or its vehicle, followed by the combination of cocaine and caffeine (Coc+Caf; 5 mg/kg and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively) or saline for 3 days. After 5 days of withdrawal, all animals were challenged with Coc+Caf (day 9). Locomotor activity was automatically recorded and analyzed by a video-tracking software. The metabolic activity was determined by measuring cytochrome oxidase-I (CO-I) staining. Locomotion was significantly and similarly increased both in Veh-Coc+Caf- and CBD-Coc+Caf-treated animals during the pretreatment period (3 days); however, on day 9, the expression of the sensitization was blunted in CBD-treated animals. A hypoactive metabolic response and a hyperactive metabolic response in mPFC and NAc subregions respectively were observed after the behavioral sensitization. CBD prevented almost all these changes. Our findings substantially contribute to the understanding of the functional changes associated with cocaine- and caffeine-induced sensitization and the effect of CBD on this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro Prieto
- Departamento de Neurofarmacología Experimental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ximena López Hill
- Departamento de Neurofarmacología Experimental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jessika Urbanavicius
- Departamento de Neurofarmacología Experimental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Xavier Nadal
- Phytoplant Research S.L., Córdoba, Spain.,, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cecilia Scorza
- Departamento de Neurofarmacología Experimental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Abstract
Drug consumption is driven by a drug's pharmacological effects, which are experienced as rewarding, and is influenced by genetic, developmental, and psychosocial factors that mediate drug accessibility, norms, and social support systems or lack thereof. The reinforcing effects of drugs mostly depend on dopamine signaling in the nucleus accumbens, and chronic drug exposure triggers glutamatergic-mediated neuroadaptations in dopamine striato-thalamo-cortical (predominantly in prefrontal cortical regions including orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex) and limbic pathways (amygdala and hippocampus) that, in vulnerable individuals, can result in addiction. In parallel, changes in the extended amygdala result in negative emotional states that perpetuate drug taking as an attempt to temporarily alleviate them. Counterintuitively, in the addicted person, the actual drug consumption is associated with an attenuated dopamine increase in brain reward regions, which might contribute to drug-taking behavior to compensate for the difference between the magnitude of the expected reward triggered by the conditioning to drug cues and the actual experience of it. Combined, these effects result in an enhanced motivation to "seek the drug" (energized by dopamine increases triggered by drug cues) and an impaired prefrontal top-down self-regulation that favors compulsive drug-taking against the backdrop of negative emotionality and an enhanced interoceptive awareness of "drug hunger." Treatment interventions intended to reverse these neuroadaptations show promise as therapeutic approaches for addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael Michaelides
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ruben Baler
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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13
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Dunn DP, Bastacky JM, Gray CC, Abtahi S, Currie PJ. Role of mesolimbic ghrelin in the acquisition of cocaine reward. Neurosci Lett 2019; 709:134367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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14
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GPRIN3 Controls Neuronal Excitability, Morphology, and Striatal-Dependent Behaviors in the Indirect Pathway of the Striatum. J Neurosci 2019; 39:7513-7528. [PMID: 31363062 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2454-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of the striatum by the GPCR signaling through neuromodulators is essential for its physiology and physiopathology, so it is necessary to know all the compounds of these pathways. In this study, we identified a new important partner of the dopaminergic pathway: GPRIN3 (a member of the GPRIN family). GPRIN3 is highly expressed in the striatum but with undefined function. Cell sorting of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in indirect MSNs and direct MSNs indicated the presence of the GPRIN3 gene in both populations with a preferential expression in indirect MSNs. This led us to generate GPRIN3 KO mice by CRISPR/Cas9 and test male animals to access possible alterations in morphological, electrophysiological, and behavioral parameters following its absence. 3D reconstruction analysis of MSNs revealed increased neuronal arborization in GPRIN3 KO and modified passive and active electrophysiological properties. These cellular alterations were coupled with increased motivation and cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion. Additionally, using a specific indirect MSN knockdown, we showed a preferential role for GPRIN3 in indirect MSNs related to the D2R signaling. Together, these results show that GPRIN3 is a mediator of D2R function in the striatum playing a major role in striatal physiology.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The striatum is the main input of the basal ganglia processing information from different brain regions through the combined actions of direct pathway neurons and indirect pathway neurons. Both neuronal populations are defined by the expression of dopamine D1R or D2R GPCRs, respectively. How these neurons signal to the respective G-protein is still debatable. Here we identified GPRIN3 as a putative selective controller of D2R function in the striatum playing a critical role in striatal-associated behaviors and cellular functions. This study represents the identification of a new target to tackle striatal dysfunction associated with the D2R, such as schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and drug addiction.
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15
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Solinas M, Belujon P, Fernagut PO, Jaber M, Thiriet N. Dopamine and addiction: what have we learned from 40 years of research. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 126:481-516. [PMID: 30569209 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1957-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Among the neurotransmitters involved in addiction, dopamine (DA) is clearly the best known. The critical role of DA in addiction is supported by converging evidence that has been accumulated in the last 40 years. In the present review, first we describe the dopaminergic system in terms of connectivity, functioning and involvement in reward processes. Second, we describe the functional, structural, and molecular changes induced by drugs within the DA system in terms of neuronal activity, synaptic plasticity and transcriptional and molecular adaptations. Third, we describe how genetic mouse models have helped characterizing the role of DA in addiction. Fourth, we describe the involvement of the DA system in the vulnerability to addiction and the interesting case of addiction DA replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease. Finally, we describe how the DA system has been targeted to treat patients suffering from addiction and the result obtained in clinical settings and we discuss how these different lines of evidence have been instrumental in shaping our understanding of the physiopathology of drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Solinas
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France.
| | - Pauline Belujon
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
| | - Pierre Olivier Fernagut
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
| | - Mohamed Jaber
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
- CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Nathalie Thiriet
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
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16
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Matikainen-Ankney BA, Kravitz AV. Persistent effects of obesity: a neuroplasticity hypothesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1428:221-239. [PMID: 29741270 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The obesity epidemic is a leading cause of health problems in the United States, increasing the risk of cardiovascular, endocrine, and psychiatric diseases. Although many people lose weight through changes in diet and lifestyle, keeping the weight off remains a challenge. Here, we discuss a hypothesis that seeks to explain why obesity is so persistent. There is a great degree of overlap in the circuits implicated in substance use disorder and obesity, and neural plasticity of these circuits in response to drugs of abuse is well documented. We hypothesize that obesity is also associated with neural plasticity in these circuits, and this may underlie persistent changes in behavior, energy balance, and body weight. Here, we discuss how obesity-associated reductions in motivation and physical activity may be rooted in neurophysiological alterations in these circuits. Such plasticity may alter how humans and animals use, expend, and store energy, even after weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget A Matikainen-Ankney
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alexxai V Kravitz
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Cavaccini A, Gritti M, Giorgi A, Locarno A, Heck N, Migliarini S, Bertero A, Mereu M, Margiani G, Trusel M, Catelani T, Marotta R, De Luca MA, Caboche J, Gozzi A, Pasqualetti M, Tonini R. Serotonergic Signaling Controls Input-Specific Synaptic Plasticity at Striatal Circuits. Neuron 2018; 98:801-816.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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