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Yang L, Kung CJS, Lu Z, Liu JYH, Ngan MP, Sakai T, Sakata I, Chan SW, Tu L, Rudd JA. Exploring the role of ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Neuropharmacology 2024; 251:109919. [PMID: 38548221 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Ghrelin and its mimetics have been shown to reduce cisplatin-induced emesis in preclinical studies using ferrets and shrews. This study investigated the effectiveness of ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin (DAG) in antagonizing cisplatin-induced emesis and physiological changes indicative of nausea in Suncus murinus. Animals implanted with radiotelemetry devices were administered ghrelin (0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 μg/day), DAG (0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 μg/day), or saline (14 μL/day) intracerebroventricularly 4 days before and 3 days after treatment with cisplatin (30 mg/kg). At the end, the anti-apoptotic potentials of ghrelin and DAG were assessed by measuring Bax expression and cytochrome C activity. Neurotransmitter changes in the brain were evaluated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Ghrelin and DAG reduced cisplatin-induced emesis in the delayed (24-72 h) but not the acute phase (0-24 h) of emesis. Ghrelin also partially reversed the inhibitory effects of cisplatin on food intake without affecting gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity or causing hypothermia; however, ghrelin or DAG did not prevent these effects. Ghrelin and DAG could attenuate the cisplatin-induced upregulation of Bax and cytochrome C in the ileum. Cisplatin dysregulated neurotransmitter levels in the frontal cortex, amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, and brainstem, and this was partially restored by low doses of ghrelin and DAG. Our findings suggest that ghrelin and DAG exhibit protective effects against cisplatin-induced delayed emesis. The underlying antiemetic mechanism may involve GHSR and/or unspecified pathways that modulate the neurotransmitters involved in emesis control in the brain and an action to attenuate apoptosis in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqing Yang
- Emesis Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Charmaine J S Kung
- Emesis Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Zengbing Lu
- Emesis Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Julia Y H Liu
- Emesis Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Man Piu Ngan
- Emesis Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Takafumi Sakai
- Faculty of Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-Okubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama-shi, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sakata
- Faculty of Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-Okubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama-shi, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Sze Wa Chan
- School of Health Sciences, Saint Francis University, Tseung Kwan O, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Longlong Tu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
| | - John A Rudd
- Emesis Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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2
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Cornejo MP, Fernandez G, Cabral A, Barrile F, Heredia F, García Romero G, Zubimendi Sampieri JP, Quelas JI, Cantel S, Fehrentz JA, Alonso A, Pla R, Ferran JL, Andreoli MF, De Francesco PN, Perelló M. GHSR in a Subset of GABA Neurons Controls Food Deprivation-Induced Hyperphagia in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae061. [PMID: 38815068 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), primarily known as the receptor for the hunger hormone ghrelin, potently controls food intake, yet the specific Ghsr-expressing cells mediating the orexigenic effects of this receptor remain incompletely characterized. Since Ghsr is expressed in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing neurons, we sought to investigate whether the selective expression of Ghsr in a subset of GABA neurons is sufficient to mediate GHSR's effects on feeding. First, we crossed mice that express a tamoxifen-dependent Cre recombinase in the subset of GABA neurons that express glutamic acid decarboxylase 2 (Gad2) enzyme (Gad2-CreER mice) with reporter mice, and found that ghrelin mainly targets a subset of Gad2-expressing neurons located in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARH) and that is predominantly segregated from Agouti-related protein (AgRP)-expressing neurons. Analysis of various single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets further corroborated that the primary subset of cells coexpressing Gad2 and Ghsr in the mouse brain are non-AgRP ARH neurons. Next, we crossed Gad2-CreER mice with reactivable GHSR-deficient mice to generate mice expressing Ghsr only in Gad2-expressing neurons (Gad2-GHSR mice). We found that ghrelin treatment induced the expression of the marker of transcriptional activation c-Fos in the ARH of Gad2-GHSR mice, yet failed to induce food intake. In contrast, food deprivation-induced refeeding was higher in Gad2-GHSR mice than in GHSR-deficient mice and similar to wild-type mice, suggesting that ghrelin-independent roles of GHSR in a subset of GABA neurons is sufficient for eliciting full compensatory hyperphagia in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paula Cornejo
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional la Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gimena Fernandez
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional la Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Cabral
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional la Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Franco Barrile
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional la Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Heredia
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional la Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guadalupe García Romero
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional la Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Sonia Cantel
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Alain Fehrentz
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Antonia Alonso
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia-IMIB, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - Ramon Pla
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia-IMIB, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - José Luis Ferran
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia-IMIB, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - María Florencia Andreoli
- Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pediátricas (IDIP), HIAEP Sor María Ludovica de La Plata, Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 24, Sweden
| | - Pablo Nicolas De Francesco
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional la Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario Perelló
- Grupo de Neurofisiología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), Universidad Nacional la Plata (UNLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 24, Sweden
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3
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Sayar-Atasoy N, Laule C, Aklan I, Kim H, Yavuz Y, Ates T, Coban I, Koksalar-Alkan F, Rysted J, Davis D, Singh U, Alp MI, Yilmaz B, Cui H, Atasoy D. Adrenergic modulation of melanocortin pathway by hunger signals. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6602. [PMID: 37857606 PMCID: PMC10587058 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Norepinephrine (NE) is a well-known appetite regulator, and the nor/adrenergic system is targeted by several anti-obesity drugs. To better understand the circuitry underlying adrenergic appetite control, here we investigated the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), a key brain region that integrates energy signals and receives dense nor/adrenergic input, using a mouse model. We found that PVN NE level increases with signals of energy deficit and decreases with food access. This pattern is recapitulated by the innervating catecholaminergic axon terminals originating from NTSTH-neurons. Optogenetic activation of rostral-NTSTH → PVN projection elicited strong motivation to eat comparable to overnight fasting whereas its inhibition attenuated both fasting-induced & hypoglycemic feeding. We found that NTSTH-axons functionally targeted PVNMC4R-neurons by predominantly inhibiting them, in part, through α1-AR mediated potentiation of GABA release from ARCAgRP presynaptic terminals. Furthermore, glucoprivation suppressed PVNMC4R activity, which was required for hypoglycemic feeding response. These results define an ascending nor/adrenergic circuit, NTSTH → PVNMC4R, that conveys peripheral hunger signals to melanocortin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufer Sayar-Atasoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Connor Laule
- Department of Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Iltan Aklan
- Department of Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Yavuz Yavuz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Ates
- Department of Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ilknur Coban
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jacob Rysted
- Department of Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Debbie Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Uday Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Muhammed Ikbal Alp
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bayram Yilmaz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huxing Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Deniz Atasoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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4
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Barrile F, Cassano D, Fernandez G, De Francesco PN, Reynaldo M, Cantel S, Fehrentz JA, Donato J, Schiöth HB, Zigman JM, Perello M. Ghrelin's orexigenic action in the lateral hypothalamic area involves indirect recruitment of orexin neurons and arcuate nucleus activation. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 156:106333. [PMID: 37454647 PMCID: PMC10530520 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ghrelin is a potent orexigenic hormone, and the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) has been suggested as a putative target mediating ghrelin's effects on food intake. Here, we aimed to investigate the presence of neurons expressing ghrelin receptor (a.k.a. growth hormone secretagogue receptor, GHSR) in the mouse LHA (LHAGHSR neurons), its physiological implications and the neuronal circuit recruited by local ghrelin action. METHODS We investigated the distribution of LHAGHSR neurons using different histologic strategies, including the use of a reporter mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein under the control of the GHSR promoter. Also, we investigated the physiological implications of local injections of ghrelin within the LHA, and the extent to which the orexigenic effect of intra-LHA-injected ghrelin involves the arcuate nucleus (ARH) and orexin neurons of the LHA (LHAorexin neurons) RESULTS: We found that: 1) LHAGHSR neurons are homogeneously distributed throughout the entire LHA; 2) intra-LHA injections of ghrelin transiently increase food intake and locomotor activity; 3) ghrelin's orexigenic effect in the LHA involves the indirect recruitment of LHAorexin neurons and the activation of ARH neurons; and 4) LHAGHSR neurons are not targeted by plasma ghrelin. CONCLUSIONS We provide a compelling neuroanatomical and functional characterization of LHAGHSR neurons in male mice that indicates that LHAGHSR cells are part of a hypothalamic neuronal circuit that potently induces food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Barrile
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Cassano
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gimena Fernandez
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo N De Francesco
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta Reynaldo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia Cantel
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Alain Fehrentz
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - José Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey M Zigman
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mario Perello
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
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5
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How gut hormones shape reward: A systematic review of the role of ghrelin and GLP-1 in human fMRI. Physiol Behav 2023; 263:114111. [PMID: 36740132 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal hormones ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) have opposite secretion patterns, as well as opposite effects on metabolism and food intake. Beyond their role in energy homeostasis, gastrointestinal hormones have also been suggested to modulate the reward system. However, the potential of ghrelin and GLP-1 to modulate reward responses in humans has not been systematically reviewed before. To evaluate the convergence of published results, we first conduct a multi-level kernel density meta-analysis of studies reporting a positive association of ghrelin (Ncomb = 353, 18 contrasts) and a negative association of GLP-1 (Ncomb = 258, 12 contrasts) and reward responses measured using task functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Second, we complement the meta-analysis using a systematic literature review, focusing on distinct reward phases and applications in clinical populations that may account for variability across studies. In line with preclinical research, we find that ghrelin increases reward responses across studies in key nodes of the motivational circuit, such as the nucleus accumbens, pallidum, putamen, substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and the dorsal mid insula. In contrast, for GLP-1, we did not find sufficient convergence in support of reduced reward responses. Instead, our systematic review identifies potential differences of GLP-1 on anticipatory versus consummatory reward responses. Based on a systematic synthesis of available findings, we conclude that there is considerable support for the neuromodulatory potential of gut-based circulating peptides on reward responses. To unlock their potential for clinical applications, it may be useful for future studies to move beyond anticipated rewards to cover other reward facets.
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6
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Wald HS, Ghidewon MY, Hayes MR, Grill HJ. Hindbrain ghrelin and liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2, ligands for growth hormone secretagogue receptor, bidirectionally control food intake. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 324:R547-R555. [PMID: 36847494 PMCID: PMC10069974 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00232.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Hindbrain growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) agonism increases food intake, yet the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. The functional effects of hindbrain GHSR antagonism by its endogenous antagonist liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) are also yet unexplored. To test the hypothesis that hindbrain GHSR agonism attenuates the food intake inhibitory effect of gastrointestinal (GI) satiation signals, ghrelin (at a feeding subthreshold dose) was administered to the fourth ventricle (4V) or directly to the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) before systemic delivery of the GI satiation signal cholecystokinin (CCK). Also examined, was whether hindbrain GHSR agonism attenuated CCK-induced NTS neural activation (c-Fos immunofluorescence). To investigate an alternate hypothesis that hindbrain GHSR agonism enhances feeding motivation and food seeking, intake stimulatory ghrelin doses were administered to the 4V and fixed ratio 5 (FR-5), progressive ratio (PR), and operant reinstatement paradigms for palatable food responding were evaluated. Also assessed were 4V LEAP2 delivery on food intake and body weight (BW) and on ghrelin-stimulated feeding. Both 4V and NTS ghrelin blocked the intake inhibitory effect of CCK and 4V ghrelin blocked CCK-induced NTS neural activation. Although 4V ghrelin increased low-demand FR-5 responding, it did not increase high-demand PR or reinstatement of operant responding. Fourth ventricle LEAP2 reduced chow intake and BW and blocked hindbrain ghrelin-stimulated feeding. Data support a role for hindbrain GHSR in bidirectional control of food intake through mechanisms that include interacting with the NTS neural processing of GI satiation signals but not food motivation and food seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallie S Wald
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Misgana Y Ghidewon
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Matthew R Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Harvey J Grill
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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7
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Aguggia JP, Cornejo MP, Fernandez G, De Francesco PN, Mani BK, Cassano D, Cabral A, Valdivia S, García Romero G, Reynaldo M, Fehrentz JA, Zigman JM, Perello M. Growth hormone secretagogue receptor signaling in the supramammillary nucleus targets nitric oxide-producing neurons and controls recognition memory in mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 139:105716. [PMID: 35290931 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin is a stomach-derived hormone that acts via the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). Recent evidence suggests that some of ghrelin's actions may be mediated via the supramammillary nucleus (SuM). Not only does ghrelin bind to cells within the mouse SuM, but ghrelin also activates SuM cells and intra-SuM ghrelin administration induces feeding in rats. In the current study, we aimed to further characterize ghrelin action in the SuM. We first investigated a mouse model expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) under the promoter of GHSR (GHSR-eGFP mice). We found that the SuM of GHSR-eGFP mice contains a significant amount of eGFP cells, some of which express neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Centrally-, but not systemically-, injected ghrelin reached the SuM, where it induced c-Fos expression. Furthermore, a 5-day 40% calorie restriction protocol, but not a 2-day fast, increased c-Fos expression in non-eGFP+ cells of the SuM of GHSR-eGFP mice, whereas c-Fos induction by calorie restriction was not observed in GHSR-deficient mice. Exposure of satiated mice to a binge-like eating protocol also increased c-Fos expression in non-eGFP+ cells of the SuM of GHSR-eGFP mice in a GHSR-dependent manner. Finally, intra-SuM-injected ghrelin did not acutely affect food intake, locomotor activity, behavioral arousal or spatial memory but increased recognition memory. Thus, we provide a compelling neuroanatomical characterization of GHSR SuM neurons and its behavioral implications in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta P Aguggia
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María P Cornejo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gimena Fernandez
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo N De Francesco
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bharath K Mani
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Daniela Cassano
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Cabral
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Spring Valdivia
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guadalupe García Romero
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta Reynaldo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jean-Alain Fehrentz
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
| | - Jeffrey M Zigman
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mario Perello
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
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8
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Perelló M, Cornejo MP, De Francesco PN, Fernandez G, Gautron L, Valdivia LS. The controversial role of the vagus nerve in mediating ghrelin´s actions: gut feelings and beyond. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 12:228-239. [PMID: 35746965 PMCID: PMC9210457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin is a stomach-derived peptide hormone that acts via the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) and displays a plethora of neuroendocrine, metabolic, autonomic and behavioral actions. It has been proposed that some actions of ghrelin are exerted via the vagus nerve, which provides a bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and peripheral systems. The vagus nerve comprises sensory fibers, which originate from neurons of the nodose and jugular ganglia, and motor fibers, which originate from neurons of the medulla. Many anatomical studies have mapped GHSR expression in vagal sensory or motor neurons. Also, numerous functional studies investigated the role of the vagus nerve mediating specific actions of ghrelin. Here, we critically review the topic and discuss the available evidence supporting, or not, a role for the vagus nerve mediating some specific actions of ghrelin. We conclude that studies using rats have provided the most congruent evidence indicating that the vagus nerve mediates some actions of ghrelin on the digestive and cardiovascular systems, whereas studies in mice resulted in conflicting observations. Even considering exclusively studies performed in rats, the putative role of the vagus nerve in mediating the orexigenic and growth hormone (GH) secretagogue properties of ghrelin remains debated. In humans, studies are still insufficient to draw definitive conclusions regarding the role of the vagus nerve mediating most of the actions of ghrelin. Thus, the extent to which the vagus nerve mediates ghrelin actions, particularly in humans, is still uncertain and likely one of the most intriguing unsolved aspects of the field.
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9
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Qusti S, Alshammari EM, Gyebi GA, Batiha GES. Covid-19-Induced Dysautonomia: A Menace of Sympathetic Storm. ASN Neuro 2021; 13:17590914211057635. [PMID: 34755562 PMCID: PMC8586167 DOI: 10.1177/17590914211057635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the plethora of debilitating neurological disorders of COVID-19 syndrome in survivors, the scope of SARS-CoV-2-induced dysautonomia (DNS) is yet to be understood, though the implications are enormous. Herein, we present an inclusive mini-review of SARS-CoV-2-induced DNS and its associated complications. Although, the direct link between Covid-19 and DSN is still speculative, the hypothetical links are thought to be either a direct neuronal injury of the autonomic pathway or a para/post-infectious immune-induced mechanism. SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced stress may activate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) leading to neuro-hormonal stimulation and activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines with further development of sympathetic storm. Sympathetic over-activation in Covid-19 is correlated with increase in capillary pulmonary leakage, alveolar damage, and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 can spread through pulmonary mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors to medullary respiratory center in a retrograde manner resulting in sudden respiratory failure. Taken together, DSN in Covid-19 is developed due to sympathetic storm and inhibition of Parasympathetic nervous system-mediated anti-inflammatory effect with development of cytokine storm. Therefore, sympathetic and cytokine storms together with activation of Renin-Angiotensin-System are the chief final pathway involved in the development of DSN in Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Almustansiriyia University
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Almustansiriyia University
| | - Safaa Qusti
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, 37848King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eida M Alshammari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gideon Ampoma Gyebi
- Department of Biochemistry, 236312Faculty of Science and Technology Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa, Nigeria
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 289643Damanhour University, AlBeheira, Egypt
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10
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Ishioh M, Nozu T, Igarashi S, Tanabe H, Kumei S, Ohhira M, Takakusaki K, Okumura T. Activation of central adenosine A2B receptors mediate brain ghrelin-induced improvement of intestinal barrier function through the vagus nerve in rats. Exp Neurol 2021; 341:113708. [PMID: 33771554 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Leaky gut that is a condition reflecting intestinal barrier dysfunction has been attracting attention for its relations with many diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome or Alzheimer dementia. We have recently demonstrated that ghrelin acts in the brain to improve leaky gut via the vagus nerve. In the present study, we tried to clarify the precise central mechanisms by which ghrelin improves intestinal barrier function through the vagus nerve. Colonic permeability was estimated in vivo by quantifying the absorbed Evans blue in colonic tissue in rats. Adenosine receptor antagonist, 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX), blocked the intracisternal ghrelin-induced improvement of intestinal hyperpermeability while dopamine, cannabinoid or opioid receptor antagonist failed to prevent it. Since DPCPX can block adenosine A1 and adenosine A2B receptors, we examined which subtype is involved in the mechanism. Intracisternal injection of adenosine A2B agonist but not adenosine A1 agonist improved colonic hyperpermeability, while peripheral injection of adenosine A2B agonist failed to improve it. Intracisternal adenosine A2B agonist-induced improvement of colonic hyperpermeability was blocked by vagotomy. Adenosine A2B specific antagonist, alloxazine blocked the ghrelin- or central vagal stimulation by 2-deoxy-d-glucose-induced improvement of intestinal hyperpermeability. These results suggest that activation of adenosine A2B receptors in the central nervous system is capable of improving intestinal barrier function through the vagal pathway, and the adenosine A2B receptors may mediate the ghrelin-induced improvement of leaky gut in a vagal dependent fashion. These findings may help us understand the pathophysiology in not only gastrointestinal diseases but also non-gastrointestinal diseases associated with the altered intestinal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatomo Ishioh
- Division of Metabolism, Systemic Bioscience, Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan; Department of General Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Nozu
- Department of Regional Medicine and Education, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Sho Igarashi
- Division of Metabolism, Systemic Bioscience, Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanabe
- Division of Metabolism, Systemic Bioscience, Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Shima Kumei
- Department of General Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Masumi Ohhira
- Department of General Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Kaoru Takakusaki
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Okumura
- Division of Metabolism, Systemic Bioscience, Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan; Department of General Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan.
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11
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Sales da Silva E, Ferreira PM, Castro CH, Pacheco LF, Graziani D, Pontes CNR, Bessa ADSMD, Fernandes E, Naves LM, Ribeiro LCDS, Mendonça MM, Gomes RM, Pedrino GR, Ferreira RN, Xavier CH. Brain and kidney GHS-R1a underexpression is associated with changes in renal function and hemodynamics during neurogenic hypertension. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110984. [PMID: 32814069 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin is a peptide hormone whose effects are mediated by the growth hormone secretagogue receptor subtype 1a (GHS-R1a), mainly expressed in the brain but also in kidneys. The hypothesis herein raised is that GHS-R1a would be player in the renal contribution to the neurogenic hypertension pathophysiology. To investigate GHS-R1a role on renal function and hemodynamics, we used Wistar (WT) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). First, we assessed the effect of systemically injected vehicle, ghrelin, GHS-R1a antagonist PF04628935, ghrelin plus PF04628935 or GHS-R1a synthetic agonist MK-677 in WT and SHR rats housed in metabolic cages (24 h). Blood and urine samples were also analyzed. Then, we assessed the GHS-R1a contribution to the control of renal vasomotion and hemodynamics in WT and SHR. Finally, we assessed the GHS-R1a levels in brain areas, aorta, renal artery, renal cortex and medulla of WT and SHR rats using western blot. We found that ghrelin and MK-677 changed osmolarity parameters of SHR, in a GHS-R1a-dependent manner. GHS-R1a antagonism reduced the urinary Na+ and K+ and creatinine clearance in WT but not in SHR. Ghrelin reduced arterial pressure and increased renal artery conductance in SHR. GHS-R1a protein levels were decreased in the kidney and brain areas of SHR when compared to WT. Therefore, GHS-R1a role in the control of renal function and hemodynamics during neurogenic hypertension seem to be different, and this may be related to brain and kidney GHS-R1a downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elder Sales da Silva
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Room 203, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Maria Ferreira
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Room 203, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Henrique Castro
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Room 203, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Lilian Fernanda Pacheco
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Room 203, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Graziani
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Room 203, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Carolina Nobre Ribeiro Pontes
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Room 203, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Amanda de Sá Martins de Bessa
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Room 203, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Erika Fernandes
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Room 203, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Lara Marques Naves
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Room 203, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Cristina Dos Santos Ribeiro
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Room 203, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Michelle Mendanha Mendonça
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Room 203, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Mello Gomes
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Room 203, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Rodrigues Pedrino
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Room 203, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Reginaldo Nassar Ferreira
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Room 203, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Henrique Xavier
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Room 203, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
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12
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Cornejo MP, Mustafá ER, Barrile F, Cassano D, De Francesco PN, Raingo J, Perello M. THE INTRIGUING LIGAND-DEPENDENT AND LIGAND-INDEPENDENT ACTIONS OF THE GROWTH HORMONE SECRETAGOGUE RECEPTOR ON REWARD-RELATED BEHAVIORS. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:401-416. [PMID: 33157147 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) highly expressed in the brain, and also in some peripheral tissues. GHSR activity is evoked by the stomach-derived peptide hormone ghrelin and abrogated by the intestine-derived liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2). In vitro, GHSR displays ligand-independent actions, including a high constitutive activity and an allosteric modulation of other GPCRs. Beyond its neuroendocrine and metabolic effects, cumulative evidence shows that GHSR regulates the activity of the mesocorticolimbic pathway and modulates complex reward-related behaviors towards different stimuli. Here, we review current evidence indicating that ligand-dependent and ligand-independent actions of GHSR enhance reward-related behaviors towards appetitive stimuli and drugs of abuse. We discuss putative neuronal networks and molecular mechanisms that GHSR would engage to modulate such reward-related behaviors. Finally, we briefly discuss imaging studies showing that ghrelin would also regulate reward processing in humans. Overall, we conclude that GHSR is a key regulator of the mesocorticolimbic pathway that influences its activity and, consequently, modulates reward-related behaviors via ligand-dependent and ligand-independent actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María P Cornejo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA). National University of La Plata], 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilio R Mustafá
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology of the IMBICE, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Franco Barrile
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA). National University of La Plata], 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Cassano
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA). National University of La Plata], 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo N De Francesco
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA). National University of La Plata], 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jesica Raingo
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology of the IMBICE, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario Perello
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA). National University of La Plata], 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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13
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Childs MD, Luyt LG. A Decade's Progress in the Development of Molecular Imaging Agents Targeting the Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor. Mol Imaging 2020; 19:1536012120952623. [PMID: 33104445 PMCID: PMC8865914 DOI: 10.1177/1536012120952623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR), also called the ghrelin receptor, is a G protein-coupled receptor known to play an important metabolic role in the regulation of various physiological processes, including energy expenditure, growth hormone secretion, and cell proliferation. This receptor has been implicated in numerous health issues including obesity, gastrointestinal disorders, type II diabetes, and regulation of body weight in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome, and there has been growing interest in studying its mechanism of behavior to unlock further applications of GHSR-targeted therapeutics. In addition, the GHSR is expressed in various types of cancer including prostate, breast, and testicular cancers, while aberrant expression has been reported in cardiac disease. Targeted molecular imaging of the GHSR could provide insights into its role in biological processes related to these disease states. Over the past decade, imaging probes targeting this receptor have been discovered for the imaging modalities PET, SPECT, and optical imaging. High-affinity analogues of ghrelin, the endogenous ligand for the GHSR, as well as small molecule inhibitors have been developed and evaluated both in vitro and in pre-clinical models. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular imaging agents targeting the GHSR reported to the end of 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina D Childs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leonard G Luyt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Imaging, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Cornejo MP, Barrile F, Cassano D, Aguggia JP, García Romero G, Reynaldo M, Andreoli MF, De Francesco PN, Perello M. Growth hormone secretagogue receptor in dopamine neurons controls appetitive and consummatory behaviors towards high-fat diet in ad-libitum fed mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 119:104718. [PMID: 32535402 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), the receptor for ghrelin, is expressed in key brain nuclei that regulate food intake. The dopamine (DA) pathways have long been recognized to play key roles mediating GHSR effects on feeding behaviors. Here, we aimed to determine the role of GHSR in DA neurons controlling appetitive and consummatory behaviors towards high fat (HF) diet. For this purpose, we crossed reactivable GHSR-deficient mice with DA transporter (DAT)-Cre mice, which express Cre recombinase under the DAT promoter that is active exclusively in DA neurons, to generate mice with GHSR expression limited to DA neurons (DAT-GHSR mice). We found that DAT-GHSR mice show an increase of c-Fos levels in brain areas containing DA neurons after ghrelin treatment, in a similar fashion as seen in wild-type mice; however, they did not increase food intake or locomotor activity in response to systemically- or centrally-administered ghrelin. In addition, we found that satiated DAT-GHSR mice displayed both anticipatory activity to scheduled HF diet exposure and HF intake in a binge-like eating protocol similar to those in wild-type mice, whereas GHSR-deficient mice displayed impaired responses. We conclude that GHSR expression in DA neurons is sufficient to both mediate increased anticipatory activity to a scheduled HF diet exposure and fully orchestrate binge-like HF intake, but it is insufficient to restore the acute orexigenic or locomotor effects of ghrelin treatment. Thus, GHSR in DA neurons affects appetitive and consummatory behaviors towards HF diet that take place in the absence of caloric needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paula Cornejo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Franco Barrile
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Cassano
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Paola Aguggia
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guadalupe García Romero
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta Reynaldo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Andreoli
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurodevelopment, Institute of Development and Pediatric Research (IDIP), La Plata Children's Hospital and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA)], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Nicolás De Francesco
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario Perello
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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15
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Chrobok L, Northeast RC, Myung J, Cunningham PS, Petit C, Piggins HD. Timekeeping in the hindbrain: a multi-oscillatory circadian centre in the mouse dorsal vagal complex. Commun Biol 2020; 3:225. [PMID: 32385329 PMCID: PMC7210107 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0960-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic and cardiovascular processes controlled by the hindbrain exhibit 24 h rhythms, but the extent to which the hindbrain possesses endogenous circadian timekeeping is unresolved. Here we provide compelling evidence that genetic, neuronal, and vascular activities of the brainstem’s dorsal vagal complex are subject to intrinsic circadian control with a crucial role for the connection between its components in regulating their rhythmic properties. Robust 24 h variation in clock gene expression in vivo and neuronal firing ex vivo were observed in the area postrema (AP) and nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), together with enhanced nocturnal responsiveness to metabolic cues. Unexpectedly, we also find functional and molecular evidence for increased penetration of blood borne molecules into the NTS at night. Our findings reveal that the hindbrain houses a local network complex of neuronal and non-neuronal autonomous circadian oscillators, with clear implications for understanding local temporal control of physiology in the brainstem. Lukasz Chrobok, Rebecca Northeast et al. show circadian variation in clock gene expression and neuronal firing within the area postrema and the nucleus of the solitary tract in mice. These regions also exhibit variation in metabolic processes and blood-brain barrier permeability across the 24 hour cycle suggesting the presence of circadian oscillators within the dorsal vagal complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Chrobok
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa Street 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Rebecca C Northeast
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jihwan Myung
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain, and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, No.172-1 Sec. 2 Keelung Road, Da'an District, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,Brain and Consciousness Research Centre, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No. 291 Zhongzheng Road, Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 235, Taiwan
| | - Peter S Cunningham
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Cheryl Petit
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Hugh D Piggins
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK. .,School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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16
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Barrile F, M'Kadmi C, De Francesco PN, Cabral A, García Romero G, Mustafá ER, Cantel S, Damian M, Mary S, Denoyelle S, Banères JL, Marie J, Raingo J, Fehrentz JA, Perelló M. Development of a novel fluorescent ligand of growth hormone secretagogue receptor based on the N-Terminal Leap2 region. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 498:110573. [PMID: 31499133 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) was recently recognized as an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), which also is a receptor for the hormone ghrelin. LEAP2 blocks ghrelin-induced activation of GHSR and inhibits GHSR constitutive activity. Since fluorescence-based imaging and pharmacological analyses to investigate the biology of GHSR require reliable probes, we developed a novel fluorescent GHSR ligand based on the N-terminal LEAP2 sequence, hereafter named F-LEAP2. In vitro, F-LEAP2 displayed binding affinity and inverse agonism to GHSR similar to LEAP2. In a heterologous expression system, F-LEAP2 labeling was specifically observed in the surface of GHSR-expressing cells, in contrast to fluorescent ghrelin labeling that was mainly observed inside the GHSR-expressing cells. In mice, centrally-injected F-LEAP2 reduced ghrelin-induced food intake, in a similar fashion to LEAP2, and specifically labeled cells in GHSR-expressing brain areas. Thus, F-LEAP2 represents a valuable tool to study the biology of GHSR in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Barrile
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Céline M'Kadmi
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Pablo N De Francesco
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Cabral
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guadalupe García Romero
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilio R Mustafá
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia Cantel
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Marjorie Damian
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Mary
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Séverine Denoyelle
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Louis Banères
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacky Marie
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Jesica Raingo
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jean-Alain Fehrentz
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 34093, Montpellier, France.
| | - Mario Perelló
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Su M, Yan M, Gong Y. Ghrelin fiber projections from the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus into the dorsal vagal complex and the regulation of glycolipid metabolism. Neuropeptides 2019; 78:101972. [PMID: 31610887 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.101972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the involvement of the ghrelin pathway from the arcuate nucleus (ARC) to the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) and to determine its role in the regulation of glycolipid metabolism. METHODS The protein and mRNA expression of ghrelin and growth hormone (GH) secretagogue receptor type 1a (GHSR-1a) were measured using immunohistochemistry and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, respectively. Ghrelin fiber projections arising from the ARC and projecting into the DVC were investigated using retrograde tracing, combined with fluorescence immunohistochemical staining. The effects of electrical stimulation (ES) of the ARC on ghrelin-responsive, glucose-sensitive DVC neurons, glycolipid metabolism, and liver lipid enzymes were determined using electrical physiological method, biochemical analysis, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. RESULTS GHSR-1a was expressed in the DVC neurons. Ghrelin fibers originating from the ARC projected into the DVC. ES of the ARC-activated the ghrelin-responsive glucose-excited (GE) and glucose-inhibited (GI) neurons in the DVC. ES of the ARC significantly elevated the serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and glucose levels; it reduced the serum high-density lipoprotein (HDLC) and insulin levels. Moreover, ES of the ARC increased liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 (ACC-1) and decreased carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) expression, resulting in lipid accumulation in the liver. All the aforementioned effects were partially blocked by pretreatment with the ghrelin receptor antagonist [D-Lys-3]-GHRP-6 in the DVC and were reduced by vagotomy. ES of the ARC increased agouti-related protein (AgRP)/neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression in the ARC and ghrelin expression in the DVC. CONCLUSION Ghrelin fiber projections arising from the ARC and projecting into the DVC play a role in the regulation of afferent glucose metabolism and glycolipid metabolism via the ghrelin receptor GHSR-1a in the DVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manqing Su
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Meixing Yan
- Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yanling Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
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Liu Y, Yan M, Guo Y, Niu Z, Sun R, Jin H, Gong Y. Ghrelin and electrical stimulating the lateral hypothalamus area regulated the discharges of gastric distention neurons via the dorsal vagal complex in cisplatin-treated rats. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 279:174-183. [PMID: 30914266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cisplatin is an important antineoplastic drug and has side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and dyspepsia. The detailed mechanisms for its side effects are yet not well be illustrated. Our purpose was to investigate the discharges of gastric distention (GD) sensitive neurons regulated by ghrelin and electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus area (LHA) via the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) in cisplatin-treated rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extracellular discharge recording was performed to observe the effects of ghrelin and electrical stimulation of the LHA on discharges of GD neurons in the DVC. RESULTS GD neurons were recorded in DVC in saline-treated and cisplatin-treated rats and identified as GD-excitatory (GD-E) neurons, which are excited by gastric distension, and GD-inhibitory (GE-I) neurons, which are inhibited by gastric distension. Microinjection of ghrelin into the DVC increased the firing frequency of most GD neurons, while the ratios of excited GD-E and GD-I neurons in cisplatin-treated rats were significantly lower than those in saline-treated rats. The excitatory effect of ghrelin was eliminated completely by DVC pretreatment with ghrelin receptor antagonist [D-Lys-3]-GHRP-6. After electrical stimulation of the LHA, the firing frequency of these neurons significantly increased. This excitatory effect was weaker in cisplatin-treated rats than in saline-treated rats and could be partly blocked by DVC pretreatment with [D-Lys-3]-GHRP-6. CONCLUSION GD neurons in the DVC could be excited by microinjecting ghrelin into the DVC and electrical stimulation of the LHA, respectively. The excitatory effect was attenuated by cisplatin injected intraperitoneally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Xiandai University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meixing Yan
- Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yaoyao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenzhen Niu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Runzhou Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yanling Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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Perello M, Cabral A, Cornejo MP, De Francesco PN, Fernandez G, Uriarte M. Brain accessibility delineates the central effects of circulating ghrelin. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12677. [PMID: 30582239 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin is a hormone produced in the gastrointestinal tract that acts via the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. In the central nervous system, ghrelin signalling is able to recruit different neuronal targets that regulate the behavioural, neuroendocrine, metabolic and autonomic effects of the hormone. Notably, several studies using radioactive or fluorescent variants of ghrelin have found that the accessibility of circulating ghrelin into the mouse brain is both strikingly low and restricted to some specific brain areas. A variety of studies addressing central effects of systemically injected ghrelin in mice have also provided indirect evidence that the accessibility of plasma ghrelin into the brain is limited. Here, we review these previous observations and discuss the putative pathways that would allow plasma ghrelin to gain access into the brain together with their physiological implications. Additionally, we discuss some potential features regarding the accessibility of plasma ghrelin into the human brain based on the observations reported by studies that investigate the consequences of ghrelin administration to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Perello
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Universidad Nacional de La Plata y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas-Provincia de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Cabral
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Universidad Nacional de La Plata y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas-Provincia de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María P Cornejo
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Universidad Nacional de La Plata y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas-Provincia de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo N De Francesco
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Universidad Nacional de La Plata y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas-Provincia de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gimena Fernandez
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Universidad Nacional de La Plata y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas-Provincia de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maia Uriarte
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Universidad Nacional de La Plata y Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas-Provincia de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Intracerebroventricular injection of phoenixin alters feeding behavior and activates nesfatin-1 immunoreactive neurons in rats. Brain Res 2019; 1715:188-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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De Francesco PN, Cornejo MP, Barrile F, García Romero G, Valdivia S, Andreoli MF, Perello M. Inter-individual Variability for High Fat Diet Consumption in Inbred C57BL/6 Mice. Front Nutr 2019; 6:67. [PMID: 31143766 PMCID: PMC6520645 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since inbred C57BL/6 mice are known to show inter-individual phenotypic variability for some traits, we tested the hypothesis that inbred C57BL/6 mice display a different tendency to consume a high fat (HF) diet. For this purpose, we used a compilation of HF intake data from an experimental protocol in which satiated mice were exposed to a HF pellet every morning for 2-h over 4 consecutive days. We found that mice displayed a large degree of variability in HF intake. Since day 1 HF intake significantly correlated with HF intake in successive days, we applied a hierarchical clustering algorithm on HF intake measurements in days 2, 3, and 4 in order to classify mice into “low” or “high” HF intake groups. “Low” HF intake group showed a day 1 HF intake similar to that seen in mice exposed to regular chow, while “high” HF intake group showed a higher day 1 HF intake as compared to “low” HF intake group. Both groups of mice increased HF consumption over the successive days, but “high” HF intake group always displayed a higher HF consumption than the “low” HF intake group. As compared to “low” HF intake group, “high” HF intake group showed a higher number of dopamine neurons positive for c-Fos in the VTA after the last event of HF intake. Thus, inbred C57BL/6 mice show inter-individual variability for HF intake and such feature may be linked to a different response to the rewarding properties of the HF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo N De Francesco
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA) and National University of La Plata (UNLP)], La Plata, Argentina
| | - María P Cornejo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA) and National University of La Plata (UNLP)], La Plata, Argentina
| | - Franco Barrile
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA) and National University of La Plata (UNLP)], La Plata, Argentina
| | - Guadalupe García Romero
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA) and National University of La Plata (UNLP)], La Plata, Argentina
| | - Spring Valdivia
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA) and National University of La Plata (UNLP)], La Plata, Argentina
| | - María F Andreoli
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurodevelopment, Institute of Development and Pediatric Research (IDIP), La Plata Children's Hospital and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mario Perello
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA) and National University of La Plata (UNLP)], La Plata, Argentina
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Cornejo MP, Barrile F, De Francesco PN, Portiansky EL, Reynaldo M, Perello M. Ghrelin Recruits Specific Subsets of Dopamine and GABA Neurons of Different Ventral Tegmental Area Sub-nuclei. Neuroscience 2018; 392:107-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Musella M, Di Capua F, D’Armiento M, Velotti N, Bocchetti A, Di Lauro K, Galloro G, Campione S, Petrella G, D’Armiento FP. No Difference in Ghrelin-Producing Cell Expression in Obese Versus Non-obese Stomach: a Prospective Histopathological Case-Control Study. Obes Surg 2018; 28:3604-3610. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-018-3401-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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