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Bibineyshvili Y, Vajtay TJ, Salsabilian S, Fliss N, Suvarnakar A, Fang J, Teng S, Alder J, Najafizadeh L, Margolis DJ. Imaging the large-scale and cellular response to focal traumatic brain injury in mouse neocortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.24.590835. [PMID: 38712183 PMCID: PMC11071467 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.590835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects neural function at the local injury site and also at distant, connected brain areas. However, the real-time neural dynamics in response to injury and subsequent effects on sensory processing and behavior are not fully resolved, especially across a range of spatial scales. We used in vivo calcium imaging in awake, head-restrained male and female mice to measure large-scale and cellular resolution neuronal activation, respectively, in response to a mild/moderate TBI induced by focal controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury of the motor cortex (M1). Widefield imaging revealed an immediate CCI-induced activation at the injury site, followed by a massive slow wave of calcium signal activation that traveled across the majority of the dorsal cortex within approximately 30 s. Correspondingly, two-photon calcium imaging in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) found strong activation of neuropil and neuronal populations during the CCI-induced traveling wave. A depression of calcium signals followed the wave, during which we observed atypical activity of a sparse population of S1 neurons. Longitudinal imaging in the hours and days after CCI revealed increases in the area of whisker-evoked sensory maps at early time points, in parallel to decreases in cortical functional connectivity and behavioral measures. Neural and behavioral changes mostly recovered over hours to days in our M1-TBI model, with a more lasting decrease in the number of active S1 neurons. Our results in unanesthetized mice describe novel spatial and temporal neural adaptations that occur at cortical sites remote to a focal brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Bibineyshvili
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway NJ, USA
| | - Thomas J. Vajtay
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway NJ, USA
| | - Shiva Salsabilian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Nicholas Fliss
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway NJ, USA
| | - Aastha Suvarnakar
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway NJ, USA
| | - Jennifer Fang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway NJ, USA
| | - Shavonne Teng
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Janet Alder
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Laleh Najafizadeh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - David J. Margolis
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway NJ, USA
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Koochaki F, Najafizadeh L. A Siamese Convolutional Neural Network for Identifying Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Predicting Recovery. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2024; 32:1779-1786. [PMID: 38635385 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2024.3391067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Timely diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) remains challenging due to the rapid recovery of acute symptoms and the absence of evidence of injury in static neuroimaging scans. Furthermore, while longitudinal tracking of mTBI is essential in understanding how the diseases progresses/regresses over time for enhancing personalized patient care, a standardized approach for this purpose is not yet available. Recent functional neuroimaging studies have provided evidence of brain function alterations following mTBI, suggesting mTBI-detection models can be built based on these changes. Most of these models, however, rely on manual feature engineering, but the optimal set of features for detecting mTBI may be unknown. Data-driven approaches, on the other hand, may uncover hidden relationships in an automated manner, making them suitable for the problem of mTBI detection. This paper presents a data-driven framework based on Siamese Convolutional Neural Network (SCNN) to detect mTBI and to monitor the recovery state from mTBI over time. The proposed framework is tested on the cortical images of Thy1-GCaMP6s mice, obtained via widefield calcium imaging, acquired in a longitudinal study. Results show that the proposed model achieves a classification accuracy of 96.5%. To track the state of the injured brain over time, a reference distance map is constructed, which together with the SCNN model, are employed to assess the recovery state in subsequent sessions after injury, revealing that the recovery progress varies among subjects. The promising results of this work suggest that a similar approach could be potentially applicable for monitoring recovery from mTBI, in humans.
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Pereira AAR, Pinto AM, Malerba HN, Toricelli M, Buck HS, Viel TA. Microdose lithium improves behavioral deficits and modulates molecular mechanisms of memory formation in female SAMP-8, a mouse model of accelerated aging. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299534. [PMID: 38574297 PMCID: PMC10994667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neuronal disorder that leads to the development of dementia. Until nowadays, some therapies may alleviate the symptoms, but there is no pharmacological treatment. Microdosing lithium has been used to modify the pathological characteristics of the disease, with effects in both experimental and clinical conditions. The present work aimed to analyze the effects of this treatment on spatial memory, anxiety, and molecular mechanisms related to long-term memory formation during the aging process of a mouse model of accelerated aging (SAMP-8). Female SAMP-8 showed learning and memory impairments together with disruption of memory mechanisms, neuronal loss, and increased density of senile plaques compared to their natural control strain, the senescence-accelerated mouse resistant (SAMR-1). Chronic treatment with lithium promoted memory maintenance, reduction in anxiety, and maintenance of proteins related to memory formation and neuronal density. The density of senile plaques was also reduced. An increase in the density of gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) and α7 nicotinic cholinergic receptors was also observed and related to neuroprotection and anxiety reduction. In addition, this microdose of lithium inhibited the activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3β), the classical mechanism of lithium cell effects, which could contribute to the preservation of the memory mechanism and reduction in senile plaque formation. This work shows that lithium effects in neuroprotection along the aging process are not related to a unique cellular mechanism but produce multiple effects that slowly protect the brain along the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Antonio Ruiz Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Course on Pharmacology, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology of Aging, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Macedo Pinto
- Graduate Course on Gerontology, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena Nascimento Malerba
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Course on Pharmacology, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology of Aging, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Toricelli
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology of Aging, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hudson Sousa Buck
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology of Aging, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Araujo Viel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Course on Pharmacology, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology of Aging, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Course on Gerontology, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Gurnani H, Cayco Gajic NA. Signatures of task learning in neural representations. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 83:102759. [PMID: 37708653 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
While neural plasticity has long been studied as the basis of learning, the growth of large-scale neural recording techniques provides a unique opportunity to study how learning-induced activity changes are coordinated across neurons within the same circuit. These distributed changes can be understood through an evolution of the geometry of neural manifolds and latent dynamics underlying new computations. In parallel, studies of multi-task and continual learning in artificial neural networks hint at a tradeoff between non-interference and compositionality as guiding principles to understand how neural circuits flexibly support multiple behaviors. In this review, we highlight recent findings from both biological and artificial circuits that together form a new framework for understanding task learning at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Gurnani
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. https://twitter.com/HarshaGurnani
| | - N Alex Cayco Gajic
- Laboratoire de Neuroscience Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, Paris, France.
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Driscoll LN, Duncker L, Harvey CD. Representational drift: Emerging theories for continual learning and experimental future directions. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 76:102609. [PMID: 35939861 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Recent work has revealed that the neural activity patterns correlated with sensation, cognition, and action often are not stable and instead undergo large scale changes over days and weeks-a phenomenon called representational drift. Here, we highlight recent observations of drift, how drift is unlikely to be explained by experimental confounds, and how the brain can likely compensate for drift to allow stable computation. We propose that drift might have important roles in neural computation to allow continual learning, both for separating and relating memories that occur at distinct times. Finally, we present an outlook on future experimental directions that are needed to further characterize drift and to test emerging theories for drift's role in computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Driscoll
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Lea Duncker
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Barnes SJ, Keller GB, Keck T. Homeostatic regulation through strengthening of neuronal network-correlated synaptic inputs. eLife 2022; 11:81958. [PMID: 36515269 PMCID: PMC9803349 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic regulation is essential for stable neuronal function. Several synaptic mechanisms of homeostatic plasticity have been described, but the functional properties of synapses involved in homeostasis are unknown. We used longitudinal two-photon functional imaging of dendritic spine calcium signals in visual and retrosplenial cortices of awake adult mice to quantify the sensory deprivation-induced changes in the responses of functionally identified spines. We found that spines whose activity selectively correlated with intrinsic network activity underwent tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-dependent homeostatic increases in their response amplitudes, but spines identified as responsive to sensory stimulation did not. We observed an increase in the global sensory-evoked responses following sensory deprivation, despite the fact that the identified sensory inputs did not strengthen. Instead, global sensory-evoked responses correlated with the strength of network-correlated inputs. Our results suggest that homeostatic regulation of global responses is mediated through changes to intrinsic network-correlated inputs rather than changes to identified sensory inputs thought to drive sensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Barnes
- Department of Brain Sciences, Division of Neuroscience, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital CampusLondonUnited Kingdom,UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Georg B Keller
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
| | - Tara Keck
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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Marks TD, Goard MJ. Stimulus-dependent representational drift in primary visual cortex. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5169. [PMID: 34453051 PMCID: PMC8397766 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To produce consistent sensory perception, neurons must maintain stable representations of sensory input. However, neurons in many regions exhibit progressive drift across days. Longitudinal studies have found stable responses to artificial stimuli across sessions in visual areas, but it is unclear whether this stability extends to naturalistic stimuli. We performed chronic 2-photon imaging of mouse V1 populations to directly compare the representational stability of artificial versus naturalistic visual stimuli over weeks. Responses to gratings were highly stable across sessions. However, neural responses to naturalistic movies exhibited progressive representational drift across sessions. Differential drift was present across cortical layers, in inhibitory interneurons, and could not be explained by differential response strength or higher order stimulus statistics. However, representational drift was accompanied by similar differential changes in local population correlation structure. These results suggest representational stability in V1 is stimulus-dependent and may relate to differences in preexisting circuit architecture of co-tuned neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D Marks
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Goard
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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