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Stout JJ, George AE, Kim S, Hallock HL, Griffin AL. Using synchronized brain rhythms to bias memory-guided decisions. eLife 2024; 12:RP92033. [PMID: 39037771 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional interactions between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, as revealed by strong oscillatory synchronization in the theta (6-11 Hz) frequency range, correlate with memory-guided decision-making. However, the degree to which this form of long-range synchronization influences memory-guided choice remains unclear. We developed a brain-machine interface that initiated task trials based on the magnitude of prefrontal-hippocampal theta synchronization, then measured choice outcomes. Trials initiated based on strong prefrontal-hippocampal theta synchrony were more likely to be correct compared to control trials on both working memory-dependent and -independent tasks. Prefrontal-thalamic neural interactions increased with prefrontal-hippocampal synchrony and optogenetic activation of the ventral midline thalamus primarily entrained prefrontal theta rhythms, but dynamically modulated synchrony. Together, our results show that prefrontal-hippocampal theta synchronization leads to a higher probability of a correct choice and strengthens prefrontal-thalamic dialogue. Our findings reveal new insights into the neural circuit dynamics underlying memory-guided choices and highlight a promising technique to potentiate cognitive processes or behavior via brain-machine interfacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Stout
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, United States
| | | | - Suhyeong Kim
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, United States
| | - Henry L Hallock
- Neuroscience Program, Lafayette College, Easton, United States
| | - Amy L Griffin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, United States
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Reynolds A, Greenfield EA, Nepomnyaschy L. Disparate benefits of higher childhood socioeconomic status on cognition in young adulthood by intersectional social positions. ADVANCES IN LIFE COURSE RESEARCH 2024; 60:100608. [PMID: 38552532 PMCID: PMC11129928 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emerging evidence supports the protective effects of higher childhood socioeconomic status (cSES) on cognition over the life course. However, less understood is if higher cSES confers benefits equally across intersecting social positions. Guided by a situational intersectionality perspective and the theory of Minority Diminished Returns (MDR), this study examined the extent to which associations between cSES and cognition in young adulthood are jointly moderated by racialized identity and region of childhood residence. METHODS Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), we used multilevel modeling to test associations between cSES and delayed recall and working memory 14 years later when participants were ages 25-34. Further, we examined the influence of racialized identity and region of childhood residence on these associations. RESULTS Higher cSES was associated with higher delayed recall and working memory scores across social positions. However, the strength of the association between higher cSES and working memory differed across racialized subgroups and region of childhood residence. We found a statistically significant three-way interaction between cSES, race and region of childhood residence. Of particular important, a small yet statistically robust association was found in all groups, but was especially strong among White Southerners and especially weak among Black participants from the South. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to a growing body of research indicating that the protective effects of higher cSES on cognition are not universal across subgroups of intersecting social positions, consistent with the theory of MDR. These findings provide evidence for the importance of considering the role of systemic racism across geographic contexts as part of initiatives to promote equity in life course cognitive aging and brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addam Reynolds
- Andrus Gerontology Center, 3715 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Emily A Greenfield
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Lenna Nepomnyaschy
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Duque ACM, Cuesta TAC, Melo ADS, Maldonado IL. Right hemisphere and metaphor comprehension: A connectionist perspective. Neuropsychologia 2023; 187:108618. [PMID: 37321404 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Metaphor comprehension is a cognitively complex task, with evidence pointing to the engagement of multiple cerebral areas. In addition, the involvement of the right hemisphere appears to vary with cognitive effort. Therefore, the interconnecting pathways of such distributed cortical centers should be taken into account when studying this topic. Despite this, the potential contribution of white matter fasciculi has received very little attention in the literature to date and is not mentioned in most metaphor comprehension studies. To highlight the probable implications of the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, right superior longitudinal system, and callosal radiations, we bring together findings from different research fields. The aim is to describe important insights enabled by the cross-fertilization of functional neuroimaging, clinical findings, and structural connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Clara Mota Duque
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Taryn Ariadna Castro Cuesta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ailton de Souza Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Igor Lima Maldonado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Dep. Biomorfologia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.
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Smits AR, van Zandvoort MJE, Ramsey NF, de Haan EHF, Raemaekers M. Reliability and validity of DTI-based indirect disconnection measures. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 39:103470. [PMID: 37459698 PMCID: PMC10368919 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
White matter connections enable the interaction within and between brain networks. Brain lesions can cause structural disconnections that disrupt networks and thereby cognitive functions supported by them. In recent years, novel methods have been developed to quantify the extent of structural disconnection after focal lesions, using tractography data from healthy controls. These methods, however, are indirect and their reliability and validity have yet to be fully established. In this study, we present our implementation of this approach, in a tool supplemented by uncertainty metrics for the predictions overall and at voxel-level. These metrics give an indication of the reliability and are used to compare predictions with direct measures from patients' diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data in a sample of 95 first-ever stroke patients. Results show that, except for small lesions, the tool can predict fiber loss with high reliability and compares well to direct patient DTI estimates. Clinical utility of the method was demonstrated using lesion data from a subset of patients suffering from hemianopia. Both tract-based measures outperformed lesion localization in mapping visual field defects and showed a network consistent with the known anatomy of the visual system. This study offers an important contribution to the validation of structural disconnection mapping. We show that indirect measures of structural disconnection can be a reliable and valid substitute for direct estimations of fiber loss after focal lesions. Moreover, based on these results, we argue that indirect structural disconnection measures may even be preferable to lower-quality single subject diffusion MRI when based on high-quality healthy control datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Smits
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - M J E van Zandvoort
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - N F Ramsey
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - E H F de Haan
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; St. Hugh's College, Oxford University, United Kingdom
| | - M Raemaekers
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
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van Grinsven EE, Smits AR, van Kessel E, Raemaekers MAH, de Haan EHF, Huenges Wajer IMC, Ruijters VJ, Philippens MEP, Verhoeff JJC, Ramsey NF, Robe PAJT, Snijders TJ, van Zandvoort MJE. The impact of etiology in lesion-symptom mapping - A direct comparison between tumor and stroke. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 37:103305. [PMID: 36610310 PMCID: PMC9850191 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lesion-symptom mapping is a key tool in understanding the relationship between brain structures and behavior. However, the behavioral consequences of lesions from different etiologies may vary because of how they affect brain tissue and how they are distributed. The inclusion of different etiologies would increase the statistical power but has been critically debated. Meanwhile, findings from lesion studies are a valuable resource for clinicians and used across different etiologies. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to directly compare lesion-symptom maps for memory and language functions from two populations, a tumor versus a stroke population. METHODS Data from two different studies were combined. Both the brain tumor (N = 196) and stroke (N = 147) patient populations underwent neuropsychological testing and an MRI, pre-operatively for the tumor population and within three months after stroke. For this study, we selected two internationally widely used standardized cognitive tasks, the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and the Verbal Fluency Test. We used a state-of-the-art machine learning-based, multivariate voxel-wise approach to produce lesion-symptom maps for these cognitive tasks for both populations separately and combined. RESULTS Our lesion-symptom mapping results for the separate patient populations largely followed the expected neuroanatomical pattern based on previous literature. Substantial differences in lesion distribution hindered direct comparison. Still, in brain areas with adequate coverage in both groups, considerable LSM differences between the two populations were present for both memory and fluency tasks. Post-hoc analyses of these locations confirmed that the cognitive consequences of focal brain damage varied between etiologies. CONCLUSION The differences in the lesion-symptom maps between the stroke and tumor population could partly be explained by differences in lesion volume and topography. Despite these methodological limitations, both the lesion-symptom mapping results and the post-hoc analyses confirmed that etiology matters when investigating the cognitive consequences of lesions with lesion-symptom mapping. Therefore, caution is advised with generalizing lesion-symptom results across etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E van Grinsven
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - A R Smits
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E van Kessel
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M A H Raemaekers
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - E H F de Haan
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; St. Hugh's College, Oxford University, UK
| | - I M C Huenges Wajer
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental Psychology and Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - V J Ruijters
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M E P Philippens
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J J C Verhoeff
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - N F Ramsey
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - P A J T Robe
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - T J Snijders
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M J E van Zandvoort
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental Psychology and Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
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O’Sullivan MJ, Oestreich LKL, Wright P, Clarkson AN. OUP accepted manuscript. Brain 2022; 145:1698-1710. [PMID: 35188545 PMCID: PMC9166559 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. O’Sullivan
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research and Institute of Molecular Bioscience, The
University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital,
Brisbane, Australia
- Correspondence to: Prof Michael J. O’Sullivan Office of Research
& Implementation Building 34, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Butterfield St,
Herston, 4029, QLD, Australia E-mail:
| | - Lena K. L. Oestreich
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research and Institute of Molecular Bioscience, The
University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland,
Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul Wright
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College
London, London, UK
| | - Andrew N. Clarkson
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New
Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin 9011, New
Zealand
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