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Roshan JHN, Chamanabad AG, Mashhadi A, Motamedi M. Cathodal HD-tDCS and attention: A study on patients with intractable left lateral frontal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2024; 199:107265. [PMID: 38071911 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2023.107265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Defects in the attentional network in patients with epilepsy are influenced by factors such as the location of epileptic foci. Examining the impact of cathodal high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) on attention components could provide insights into potential attention-related side effects of tDCS. This study aimed to investigate the effect of cathodal HD-tDCS on interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), auditory/visual (A/V) attention components, and reaction time (RT) in patients with intractable focal left lateral frontal lobe epilepsy (LFLE). METHODS To control for variations in individual epilepsy syndrome, 12 adult participants diagnosed with drug-resistant left LFLE with focal cortical IEDs on C3 underwent repeated measurements at pretest, posttest, and follow-up steps. 4 × 1 ring electrodes (cathode on C3 and four anodes on F3, P3, T3, and Cz) delivered 2 mA DC for 20 min per session for 10 consecutive days. The integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test (IVA+) assessed the A/V attention components and RT. One-way repeated-measure ANOVA was used. RESULTS The findings suggest a significant effect in reducing IEDs. The IVA+ results showed a significant improvement in auditory divided attention and visual selective and focused attention (p < 0.05). In the follow-up, these changes demonstrated lasting efficacy. A/V speed scales increased (p < 0.05), showing a significant decrease in reaction time. CONCLUSIONS Cathodal HD-tDCS significantly reduced IEDs and improved the components of auditory divided attention, visual focused attention, and visual selective attention, with a reduction in patient reaction time. A significant lasting, side-effect-free positive effect was observed for up to one month after the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Ghanaei Chamanabad
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Cognitive Science Research Center, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Ali Mashhadi
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Cognitive Science Research Center, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Motamedi
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Lee S, Park J, Lee C, Ahn J, Ryu J, Lee SH, Im CH. Determination of optimal injection current pattern for multichannel transcranial electrical stimulation without individual MRI using multiple head models. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 243:107878. [PMID: 37890288 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Multichannel transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) is widely used to achieve improved stimulation focality. In the multichannel tES, the injection current pattern is generally determined through an optimization process with a finite element (FE) head model extracted from individual magnetic resonance images (MRIs). Although using an individual head model ensures the best outcome, acquiring MRIs of individual subjects in many practical applications is often difficult. Alternatively, a standard head model can be used to determine the optimal injection current pattern to stimulate a specific target; however, this may result in a relatively inaccurate delivery of stimulation current owing to the difference in individual anatomical structures. To address this issue, we propose a new approach for determining the injection current pattern using multiple head models, which can improve the stimulation focality compared to that achieved with a single standard head model. METHODS Twenty FE head models were used to optimize the injection current patterns to stimulate three cortical regions that are widely considered targets for tES. The individual injection current patterns were then averaged to obtain each target's mean injection current pattern. The stimulation focality for each target was then calculated by applying different current patterns (the mean current, individual current, and current from a standard model). RESULTS Our results showed that the stimulation focality obtained using the mean injection current pattern was significantly higher than that obtained using the injection current pattern from a standard head model. Additionally, our results demonstrated that a minimum of 13 head models are required to determine mean current pattern, allowing for a higher stimulation focality than when using the current from a standard head model. CONCLUSIONS Hence, using multiple head models can provide a viable solution for improving the stimulation efficacy of multichannel tES when individual MRIs are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjun Lee
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chany Lee
- Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyeol Ahn
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyoung Ryu
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Im
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Gorrino I, Canessa N, Mattavelli G. Testing the effect of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation of the insular cortex to modulate decision-making and executive control. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1234837. [PMID: 37840546 PMCID: PMC10568024 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1234837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous neuroimaging evidence highlighted the role of the insular and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) in conflict monitoring and decision-making, thus supporting the translational implications of targeting these regions in neuro-stimulation treatments for clinical purposes. Recent advancements of targeting and modeling procedures for high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) provided methodological support for the stimulation of otherwise challenging targets, and a previous study confirmed that cathodal HD-tDCS of the dACC modulates executive control and decision-making metrics in healthy individuals. On the other hand, evidence on the effect of stimulating the insula is still needed. Methods We used a modeling/targeting procedure to investigate the effect of stimulating the posterior insula on Flanker and gambling tasks assessing, respectively, executive control and both loss and risk aversion in decision-making. HD-tDCS was applied through 6 small electrodes delivering anodal, cathodal or sham stimulation for 20 min in a within-subject offline design with three separate sessions. Results Bayesian statistical analyses on Flanker conflict effect, as well as loss and risk aversion, provided moderate evidence for the null model (i.e., absence of HD-tDCS modulation). Discussion These findings suggest that further research on the effect of HD-tDCS on different regions is required to define reliable targets for clinical applications. While modeling and targeting procedures for neuromodulation in clinical research could lead to innovative protocols for stand-alone treatment, or possibly in combination with cognitive training, assessing the effectiveness of insula stimulation might require sensitive metrics other than those investigated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Gorrino
- IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICoN) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nicola Canessa
- IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICoN) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Pavia, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Pavia Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Mattavelli
- IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICoN) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Pavia, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Pavia Institute, Pavia, Italy
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Vergallito A, Varoli E, Pisoni A, Mattavelli G, Del Mauro L, Feroldi S, Vallar G, Romero Lauro LJ. State-dependent effectiveness of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation on cortical excitability. Neuroimage 2023; 277:120242. [PMID: 37348625 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The extensive use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in experimental and clinical settings does not correspond to an in-depth understanding of its underlying neurophysiological mechanisms. In previous studies, we employed an integrated system of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) to track the effect of tDCS on cortical excitability. At rest, anodal tDCS (a-tDCS) over the right Posterior Parietal Cortex (rPPC) elicits a widespread increase in cortical excitability. In contrast, cathodal tDCS (c-tDCS) fails to modulate cortical excitability, being indistinguishable from sham stimulation. Here we investigated whether an endogenous task-induced activation during stimulation might change this pattern, improving c-tDCS effectiveness in modulating cortical excitability. In Experiment 1, we tested whether performance in a Visuospatial Working Memory Task (VWMT) and a modified Posner Cueing Task (mPCT), involving rPPC, could be modulated by c-tDCS. Thirty-eight participants were involved in a two-session experiment receiving either c-tDCS or sham during tasks execution. In Experiment 2, we recruited sixteen novel participants who performed the same paradigm but underwent TMS-EEG recordings pre- and 10 min post- sham stimulation and c-tDCS. Behavioral results showed that c-tDCS significantly modulated mPCT performance compared to sham. At a neurophysiological level, c-tDCS significantly reduced cortical excitability in a frontoparietal network likely involved in task execution. Taken together, our results provide evidence of the state dependence of c-tDCS in modulating cortical excitability effectively. The conceptual and applicative implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Vergallito
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milano, Italy.
| | - Erica Varoli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Alberto Pisoni
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Mattavelli
- IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Pavia, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Pavia Institute, 27100, Italy
| | - Lilia Del Mauro
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Sarah Feroldi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vallar
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milano, Italy; MiBTec - Mind and Behavior Technological Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonor J Romero Lauro
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milano, Italy
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Holczer A, Vékony T, Klivényi P, Must A. Frontal two-electrode transcranial direct current stimulation protocols may not affect performance on a combined flanker Go/No-Go task. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11901. [PMID: 37488206 PMCID: PMC10366169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been tested to modulate cognitive control or response inhibition using various electrode montages. However, electrode montages and current polarities have not been systematically compared when examining tDCS effects on cognitive control and response inhibition. In this randomized, sham-controlled study, 38 healthy volunteers were randomly grouped into receiving one session of sham, anodal, and cathodal each in an electrode montage that targeted either the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) or the fronto-medial (FM) region. Participants performed a combined flanker Go/No-Go task during stimulation. No effect of tDCS was found in the DLPFC and FM groups neither using anodal nor cathodal stimulation. No major adverse effects of tDCS were identified using either montage or stimulation type and the two groups did not differ in terms of the reported sensations. The present study suggests that single-session tDCS delivered in two two-electrode montages might not affect cognitive control or response inhibition, despite using widely popular stimulation parameters. This is in line with the heterogeneous findings in the field and calls for further systematic research to exclude less reliable methods from those with more pronounced effects, identify the determinants of responsiveness, and develop optimal ways to utilize this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienn Holczer
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Teodóra Vékony
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, 95 Boulevard Pinel, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Péter Klivényi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anita Must
- Chronos Systems on behalf of WCG Clinical Endpoint Solutions, Budapest, Hungary
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Stanković M, Bjekić J, Filipović SR. Effects of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation on Gambling and Gaming: A Systematic Review of Studies on Healthy Controls, Participants with Gambling/Gaming Disorder, and Substance Use Disorder. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103407. [PMID: 37240512 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gambling disorder (GD) and internet gaming disorder (IGD) are formally recognized behavioral addictions with a rapidly growing prevalence and limited treatment options. Recently, transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) techniques have emerged as potentially promising interventions for improving treatment outcomes by ameliorating cognitive functions implicated in addictive behaviors. To systematize the current state of evidence and better understand whether and how tES can influence gambling and gaming-related cognitive processes, we conducted a PRISMA-guided systematic review of the literature, focusing on tES effects on gaming and gambling in a diverse range of population samples, including healthy participants, participants with GD and IGD, as well as participants with substance abuse addictions. Following the literature search in three bibliographic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus), 40 publications were included in this review, with 26 conducted on healthy participants, 6 focusing on GD and IGD patients, and 8 including participants with other addictions. Most of the studies targeted the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and assessed the effects on cognition, using gaming and gambling computerized cognitive tasks measuring risk taking and decision making, e.g., balloon analogue risk task, Iowa gambling task, Cambridge gambling task, etc. The results indicated that tES could change gambling and gaming task performances and positively influence GD and IGD symptoms, with 70% of studies showing neuromodulatory effects. However, the results varied considerably depending on the stimulation parameters, sample characteristics, as well as outcome measures used. We discuss the sources of this variability and provide further directions for the use of tES in the context of GD and IGD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Stanković
- Human Neuroscience Group, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Bjekić
- Human Neuroscience Group, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Saša R Filipović
- Human Neuroscience Group, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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7
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Canessa N, Basso G, Manera M, Poggi P, Gianelli C. Functional Coherence in Intrinsic Frontal Executive Networks Predicts Cognitive Impairments in Alcohol Use Disorder. Brain Sci 2022; 13:45. [PMID: 36672027 PMCID: PMC9856140 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence highlights the potential of innovative rehabilitative interventions such as cognitive remediation and neuromodulation, aimed at reducing relapses in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Enhancing their effectiveness requires a thorough description of the neural correlates of cognitive alterations in AUD. Past related attempts, however, were limited by the focus on selected neuro-cognitive variables. We aimed to fill this gap by combining, in 22 AUD patients and 18 controls, an extensive neuro-cognitive evaluation and metrics of intrinsic connectivity as highlighted by resting-state brain activity. We addressed an inherent property of intrinsic activity such as intra-network coherence, the temporal correlation of the slow synchronous fluctuations within resting-state networks, representing an early biomarker of alterations in the functional brain architecture underlying cognitive functioning. AUD patients displayed executive impairments involving working-memory, attention and visuomotor speed, reflecting abnormal coherence of activity and grey matter atrophy within default mode, in addition to the attentional and the executive networks. The stronger relationship between fronto-lateral coherent activity and executive performance in patients than controls highlighted possible compensatory mechanisms counterbalancing the decreased functionality of networks driving the switch from automatic to controlled behavior. These results provide novel insights into AUD patients' cognitive impairments, their neural bases, and possible targets of rehabilitative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Canessa
- IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Pavia Institute, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Basso
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Manera
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Clinical Psychology Unit of Pavia Institute, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Poggi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Radiology Unit of Pavia Institute, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Gianelli
- IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
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8
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Gibson BC, Claus ED, Sanguinetti J, Witkiewitz K, Clark VP. A review of functional brain differences predicting relapse in substance use disorder: Actionable targets for new methods of noninvasive brain stimulation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104821. [PMID: 35970417 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have identified a variety of brain regions whose activity predicts substance use (i.e., relapse) in patients with substance use disorder (SUD), suggesting that malfunctioning brain networks may exacerbate relapse. However, this knowledge has not yet led to a marked improvement in treatment outcomes. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has shown some potential for treating SUDs, and a new generation of NIBS technologies offers the possibility of selectively altering activity in both superficial and deep brain structures implicated in SUDs. The goal of the current review was to identify deeper brain structures involved in relapse to SUD and give an account of innovative methods of NIBS that might be used to target them. Included studies measured fMRI in currently abstinent SUD patients and tracked treatment outcomes, and fMRI results were organized with the framework of the Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA). Four brain structures were consistently implicated: the anterior and posterior cingulate cortices, ventral striatum and insula. These four deeper brain structures may be appropriate future targets for the treatment of SUD using these innovative NIBS technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Gibson
- Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Eric D Claus
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jay Sanguinetti
- The Center for Consciousness Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Katie Witkiewitz
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Vincent P Clark
- Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
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9
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Neacsiu AD, Szymkiewicz V, Galla JT, Li B, Kulkarni Y, Spector CW. The neurobiology of misophonia and implications for novel, neuroscience-driven interventions. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:893903. [PMID: 35958984 PMCID: PMC9359080 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.893903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased tolerance in response to specific every-day sounds (misophonia) is a serious, debilitating disorder that is gaining rapid recognition within the mental health community. Emerging research findings suggest that misophonia may have a unique neural signature. Specifically, when examining responses to misophonic trigger sounds, differences emerge at a physiological and neural level from potentially overlapping psychopathologies. While these findings are preliminary and in need of replication, they support the hypothesis that misophonia is a unique disorder. In this theoretical paper, we begin by reviewing the candidate networks that may be at play in this complex disorder (e.g., regulatory, sensory, and auditory). We then summarize current neuroimaging findings in misophonia and present areas of overlap and divergence from other mental health disorders that are hypothesized to co-occur with misophonia (e.g., obsessive compulsive disorder). Future studies needed to further our understanding of the neuroscience of misophonia will also be discussed. Next, we introduce the potential of neurostimulation as a tool to treat neural dysfunction in misophonia. We describe how neurostimulation research has led to novel interventions in psychiatric disorders, targeting regions that may also be relevant to misophonia. The paper is concluded by presenting several options for how neurostimulation interventions for misophonia could be crafted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrada D. Neacsiu
- Duke Center for Misophonia and Emotion Regulation, Duke Brain Stimulation Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Andrada D. Neacsiu,
| | - Victoria Szymkiewicz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jeffrey T. Galla
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Brenden Li
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yashaswini Kulkarni
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Cade W. Spector
- Department of Philosophy, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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10
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Fusco G, Cristiano A, Perazzini A, Aglioti SM. Neuromodulating the performance monitoring network during conflict and error processing in healthy populations: Insights from transcranial electric stimulation studies. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:953928. [PMID: 35965598 PMCID: PMC9368590 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.953928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance monitoring system is fundamentally important for adapting one’s own behavior in conflicting and error-prone, highly demanding circumstances. Flexible behavior requires that neuronal populations optimize information processing through efficient multi-scale communication. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) fields to alter the cortical activity promise to illuminate the neurophysiological mechanisms that underpin neuro-cognitive and behavioral processing and their causal relationship. Here, we focus on the transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) that have been increasingly used in cognitive neuroscience for modulating superficial neural networks in a polarity (tDCS) and frequency/phase (tACS) fashion. Specifically, we discuss recent evidence showing how tDCS and tACS modulate the performance monitoring network in neurotypical samples. Emphasis is given to studies using behavioral tasks tapping conflict and error processing such as the Stroop, the Flanker, and the Simon tasks. The crucial role of mid-frontal brain regions (such as the medial frontal cortex, MFC; and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, dACC) and of theta synchronization in monitoring conflict and error is highlighted. We also discuss current technological limitations (e.g., spatial resolution) and the specific methodological strategies needed to properly modulate the cortical and subcortical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Fusco
- “Sapienza” University of Rome and CLN2S@SAPIENZA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Gabriele Fusco,
| | - Azzurra Cristiano
- “Sapienza” University of Rome and CLN2S@SAPIENZA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Perazzini
- “Sapienza” University of Rome and CLN2S@SAPIENZA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- “Sapienza” University of Rome and CLN2S@SAPIENZA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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11
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Canessa N, Basso G, Poggi P, Gianelli C. Altered striatal-opercular intrinsic connectivity reflects decreased aversion to losses in alcohol use disorder. Neuropsychologia 2022; 172:108258. [PMID: 35561813 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The persistence of addictive behaviours despite their adverse consequences highlights decreased punishment sensitivity as a facet of decision-making impairments in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). This attitude departs from the typical loss aversion (LA) pattern, i.e. the stronger sensitivity to negative than positive outcomes, previously associated with striatal and limbic-somatosensory responsiveness in healthy individuals. Consistent evidence highlights decreased LA as a marker of disease severity in AUD, but its neural bases remain largely unexplored. AUD-specific modulations of frontolateral activity by LA were previously related to the higher executive demands of anticipating losses than gains, but the relationship between LA and executive/working-memory performance in AUD is debated. Building on previous evidence of overlapping neural bases of LA during decision-making and at rest, we investigated a possible neural signature of altered LA in AUDs, and its connections with executive skills, in terms of complementary facets of resting-state functioning. In patients, smaller LA than controls, unrelated to executive performance, reflected reduced connectivity within striatal and medial temporal networks, and altered connectivity from these regions to the insular-opercular cortex. AUD-specific loss-related modulations of intrinsic connectivity thus involved structures previously associated both with drug-seeking and with coding the trade-off between appetitive and aversive motivational drives. These findings fit the hypothesis that altered striatal coding of choice-related incentive value, and interoceptive responsiveness to prospective outcomes, enhance neural sensitivity to drug-related stimuli in addictions. LA and its neural bases might prove useful markers of AUD severity and effectiveness of rehabilitation strategies targeting the salience of negative choice outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Canessa
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Pavia Institute, 27100, Italy; IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | | | - Paolo Poggi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Radiology Unit of Pavia Institute, 27100, Italy
| | - Claudia Gianelli
- IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Pavia, 27100, Italy; University of Messina, Messina, 98122, Italy
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