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GSTP1 Inhibits LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response Through Regulating Autophagy in THP-1 Cells. Inflammation 2021; 43:1157-1169. [PMID: 32128658 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTP1) was originally identified as one of the cytosolic phase II detoxification enzymes and was also considered to function via its non-catalytic, ligand-binding activity. Autophagy is a self-protective mechanism of the cell to remove unnecessary or dysfunctional components, which plays a crucial role in balancing the beneficial and detrimental effects of immunity and inflammation. However, little is known about whether and how GSTP1 mediates autophagy via inhibiting LPS-induced inflammatory response. Here, we show that LPS-induced autophagy and autophagic flux blockade in THP-1 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Further, we found that the autophagy activation inhibited the activation of inflammatory signaling pathway and the release of inflammatory factors. However, inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine or chloroquine significantly reduced the anti-inflammatory effect of GSTP1. In addition, our findings provide evidence that GSTP1 regulates autophagy through PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway and inhibits LPS-induced inflammation. Overall, the current study provides an important reference for future applications of GSTP1 in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Tregay N, Begg M, Cahn A, Farahi N, Povey K, Madhavan S, Simmonds R, Gillett D, Solanki C, Wong A, Maison J, Lennon M, Bradley G, Jarvis E, de Groot M, Wilson F, Babar J, Peters AM, Hessel EM, Chilvers ER. Use of autologous 99mTechnetium-labelled neutrophils to quantify lung neutrophil clearance in COPD. Thorax 2019; 74:659-666. [PMID: 30674586 PMCID: PMC6585304 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-212509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Rationale There is a need to develop imaging protocols which assess neutrophilic inflammation in the lung. Aim To quantify whole lung neutrophil accumulation in (1) healthy volunteers (HV) following inhaled lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline and (2) patients with COPD using radiolabelled autologous neutrophils and single-photon emission computed tomography/CT (SPECT/CT). Methods 20 patients with COPD (Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD) stages 2–3) and 18 HVs were studied. HVs received inhaled saline (n=6) or LPS (50 µg, n=12) prior to the injection of radiolabelled cells. Neutrophils were isolated using dextran sedimentation and Percoll plasma gradients and labelled with 99mTechnetium (Tc)-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime. SPECT was performed over the thorax/upper abdomen at 45 min, 2 hours, 4 hours and 6 hours. Circulating biomarkers were measured prechallenge and post challenge. Blood neutrophil clearance in the lung was determined using Patlak-Rutland graphical analysis. Results There was increased accumulation of 99mTc-neutrophils in the lungs of patients with COPD and LPS-challenged subjects compared with saline-challenged subjects (saline: 0.0006±0.0003 mL/min/mL lung blood distribution volume [mean ±1 SD]; COPD: 0.0022±0.0010 mL/min/mL [p<0.001]; LPS: 0.0025±0.0008 mL/min/mL [p<0.001]). The accumulation of labelled neutrophils in 10 patients with COPD who underwent repeat radiolabelling/imaging 7–10 days later was highly reproducible (0.0022±0.0010 mL/min/mL vs 0.0023±0.0009 mL/min/mL). Baseline interleukin (IL)-6 levels in patients with COPD were elevated compared with HVs (1.5±1.06 pg/mL [mean ±1 SD] vs 0.4±0.24 pg/mL). LPS challenge increased the circulating IL-6 levels (7.5±2.72 pg/mL) 9 hours post challenge. Conclusions This study shows the ability to quantify ‘whole lung’ neutrophil accumulation in HVs following LPS inhalation and in subjects with COPD using autologous radiolabelled neutrophils and SPECT/CT imaging. Moreover, the reproducibility observed supports the feasibility of using this approach to determine the efficacy of therapeutic agents aimed at altering neutrophil migration to the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Tregay
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Malcolm Begg
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Anthony Cahn
- Discovery Medicine, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Neda Farahi
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kathryn Povey
- Clinical Pharmacology Science and Study Operations, GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, UK
| | | | | | - Daniel Gillett
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chandra Solanki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna Wong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joanna Maison
- Clinical Unit Cambridge, GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Lennon
- Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | | | | | - Marius de Groot
- Experimental Medicine Unit, Immunoinflammation TAU, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK.,Department of Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fred Wilson
- Experimental Medicine Unit, Immunoinflammation TAU, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Judith Babar
- Department of Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Michael Peters
- Division of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Edith M Hessel
- Refractory Respiratory Inflammation DPU, Respiratory TAU, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
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Adaptation to Occupational Exposure to Moderate Endotoxin Concentrations: A Study in Sewage Treatment Plants in Germany. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 30284691 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Acute or chronic inhalation of endotoxin may lead to changes of lung function and inflammatory markers in the airways. Adaptation to workplace exposure may be possible. In this study, we investigated the possible difference in inflammatory markers assessed in nasal lavage fluid (NALF) in chronical exposure compared to voluntary subjects exposed acutely to endotoxin. We sought to define the variability of inflammatory markers in NALF and the dose-related changes after moderate exposure in naïve subjects. Endotoxin exposure (4-1039 EU/m3) resulted from routine work during one shift in sewage treatment plants. Subjects were matched to pairs (8 workers escorted by 10 students). Inflammatory markers were investigated before, directly after, and 16 h after the shift end. Additional NALF samples were collected in students without any specific exposure after 3 days. In NALF, total cell count, and interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-1β concentrations were significantly higher in workers than in students at all times pointing to workplace-related long-lasting exposure resulting in adaptation. However, concentration of inflammatory markers without specific exposure in students showed a great variability, covering the whole range of values recorded in the workers. The findings of this study make us to recommend a repeated assessment of inflammatory markers in healthy volunteers before the investigation of exposure-related changes and a sample size adequate for statistical analysis.
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Pehrson R, Hegelund-Myrbäck T, Cunoosamy D, Asimus S, Jansson P, Patel N, Borde A, Lundin S. AZD7624, an Inhaled p38 Inhibitor, Demonstrates Local Lung Inhibition of LPS-Induced TNFα with Minimal Systemic Exposure. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 365:567-572. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.246132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Lexmond AJ, Singh D, Frijlink HW, Clarke GW, Page CP, Forbes B, van den Berge M. Realising the potential of various inhaled airway challenge agents through improved delivery to the lungs. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2018; 49:27-35. [PMID: 29331645 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Inhaled airway challenges provoke bronchoconstriction in susceptible subjects and are a pivotal tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of obstructive lung diseases, both in the clinic and in the development of new respiratory medicines. This article reviews the main challenge agents that are in use today (methacholine, mannitol, adenosine, allergens, endotoxin) and emphasises the importance of controlling how these agents are administered. There is a danger that the optimal value of these challenge agents may not be realised due to suboptimal inhaled delivery; thus considerations for effective and reproducible challenge delivery are provided. This article seeks to increase awareness of the importance of precise delivery of inhaled agents used to challenge the airways for diagnosis and research, and is intended as a stepping stone towards much-needed standardisation and harmonisation in the administration of inhaled airway challenge agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne J Lexmond
- King's College London, Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom; University of Groningen, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Dave Singh
- University of Manchester, Medicines Evaluation Unit, University Hospital of South Manchester Foundation Trust, The Langley Building, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, Manchester M23 9QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- University of Groningen, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Graham W Clarke
- hVIVO, Queen Mary BioEnterprises Innovation Centre, 42 New Road, London E1 2AX, United Kingdom; Imperial College, Department of Cardiothoracic Pharmacology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Guy Scadding Building, Cale Street, London SW3 6LY, United Kingdom
| | - Clive P Page
- King's College London, Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Forbes
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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Doyen V, Pilcer G, Dinh PHD, Corazza F, Bernard A, Bergmann P, Lefevre N, Amighi K, Michel O. Inflammation induced by inhaled lipopolysaccharide depends on particle size in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 82:1371-1381. [PMID: 27331367 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS In drug development, the anti-inflammatory properties of new molecules in the lung are currently tested using the inhaled lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model. The total and regional lung bioavailability of inhaled particles depends significantly on their size. The objective of the present study was to compare inflammatory responses in healthy volunteers after the inhalation of LPS of varying droplet size. METHODS Three nebulizers were characterized by different droplet size distributions [mean mass median aerodynamic diameters: Microcirrus (2.0 μm), MB2 (3.2 μm) and Pari (7.9 μm)]. Participants inhaled three boluses of a 20 μg (technetium 99 m-labelled) solution of LPS, randomly delivered by each nebulizer. We measured the lung deposition of the nebulized LPS by gamma-scintigraphy, while blood and sputum biomarkers were evaluated before and after challenges. RESULTS MB2 and Pari achieved greater lung deposition than Microcirrus [171.5 (±72.9) and 217.6 (±97.8) counts pixel-1 , respectively, vs. 67.9 (±20.6) counts pixel-1 ; P < 0.01]. MB2 and Pari caused higher levels of blood C-reactive protein and more total cells and neutrophils in sputum compared with Microcirrus (P < 0.05). C-reactive protein levels correlated positively with lung deposition (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Inhalation of large droplets of LPS gave rise to greater lung deposition and induced a more pronounced systemic and bronchial inflammatory response than small droplets. The systemic inflammatory response correlated with lung deposition. NCT01081392.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Doyen
- Clinic of Immuno-allergology, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Gabrielle Pilcer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Phong Huy Duc Dinh
- Clinic of Immuno-allergology, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Francis Corazza
- Laboratory of Immunology, CHU Brugmann, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alfred Bernard
- Unit of Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Bergmann
- Nuclear medicine department, CHU Brugmann, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Lefevre
- Clinic of Pulmonology, Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karim Amighi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Michel
- Clinic of Immuno-allergology, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Zielen S, Trischler J, Schubert R. Lipopolysaccharide challenge: immunological effects and safety in humans. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015; 11:409-18. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2015.1012158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Michel O, Dinh PHD, Doyen V, Corazza F. Anti-TNF inhibits the airways neutrophilic inflammation induced by inhaled endotoxin in human. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 15:60. [PMID: 25371053 PMCID: PMC4236481 DOI: 10.1186/2050-6511-15-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhaled endotoxin induces airways'neutrophilia, in human. TNF-a being a key cytokine in the response to endotoxin, the effect of anti-TNF on the endotoxin-induced neutrophilic response was evaluated among healthy volunteers. METHODS Among a population of 30 healthy subjects, an induced-sputum was collected 2 weeks before, and 24 hours after an inhalation of 20 mcg endotoxin (E. coli 026:B6). Then, the subjects were randomized into 3 parallel groups treated with control, oral methylprednisolone 20 mg/day during 7 days or anti-TNF (adalimumab, Humira®, Abbott) 40 mg s.c.. One week later, an induced-sputum was sampled, 24 hours after an inhalation of endotoxin. RESULTS After endotoxin inhalation, the number of total cells, neutrophils and macrophages was significantly increased (p <0.001). Compared to the response to endotoxin among the control group, anti-TNF inhibited the endotoxin-induced neutrophil influx, both in relative (51.3 (±6.4)% versus 26.2 (±5.3)%, p <0.002) and in absolute values (1321 (443-3935) cells/mcL versus 247 (68-906) cells/mcL, p <0.02). The endotoxin-induced neutrophilic response was not significantly modified among the control group and oral corticosteroid group. CONCLUSIONS While oral corticosteroid had no effect, anti-TNF inhibited the neutrophil influx in sputum, induced by inhalation of endotoxin, in human subject. The endotoxin model could be an early predictor of clinical efficacy of novel therapeutics. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02252809 (EudraCT2008-005526-37).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Michel
- Clinic of Allergology and Immunology, CHU Brugmann (Université Libre de Bruxelles - ULB), 4 pl Van Gehuchten, B -1020, Brussels, Belgium.
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Michel O, Doyen V, Leroy B, Bopp B, Dinh DHP, Corazza F, Wattiez R. Expression of calgranulin A/B heterodimer after acute inhalation of endotoxin: proteomic approach and validation. BMC Pulm Med 2013; 13:65. [PMID: 24237763 PMCID: PMC4225611 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-13-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The acute inhalation of endotoxin mimicks several aspects of the inflammation related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of the current study was to identify and to validate biomarkers of endotoxin-induced airways’ inflammation. Methods The cellular count in the induced-sputum, was measured before and after an inhalation of 20 mcg endotoxin, in 8 healthy volunteers. A proteomic analysis was applied to identify the more relevant proteins expression, before measurement by ELISA. The amplitude and the repeatability of the markers were evaluated among another population of 12 healthy subjects. Results There was a significant rise of viable cells (p <0.01), macrophages (p <0.05), and neutrophils (p <0.02) 24 hours after endotoxin inhalation, and of neutrophils (p <0.02) and lymphocytes (p <0.05) at 6 hours. Among the highest amplitude responses, the two dimensional electrophoretic separation shown proteolytic activity and overexpression of protein spots. By MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, the last were identified as calgranulin A and B. The expression of the bioactive A/B heterodimeric complex was confirmed by ELISA both in the sputum (p <0.01) and at the blood level (p <0.01). The intra-subject repeatability of the sputum calgranulin A/B was highly significant (p <0.0001). Conclusion In healthy subjects, the inhalation of endotoxin induced expression of sputum calgranulin A/B that could be a biomarker of the endotoxin response/exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Michel
- Clinic of Immuno-allergology, CHU Brugmann (ULB), pl Van Gehuchten 4, B-1020 Brussels, Belgium.
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Doyen V, Kassengera Z, Dinh DHP, Michel O. Time course of endotoxin-induced airways' inflammation in healthy subjects. Inflammation 2012; 35:33-8. [PMID: 21207124 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-010-9286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Few data are available on the kinetic of the airways' inflammation induced by inhaled endotoxin in a given subject. The purpose of this study was to evaluate in healthy subjects the time-related endotoxin-induced airways' inflammation. The cells counts from the induced-sputum were evaluated before, 6 and 24 h, and 7 days after an exposure to 20 mcg inhaled endotoxin, in eight pre-selected volunteers. To avoid interference of the induced-sputum procedure on the response to endotoxin, each time-point was evaluated in randomized order at 2-weeks interval after three separate inhalations of endotoxin. A significant rise of the relative number of lymphocytes (p<0.05) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN; p<0.02) and of the absolute number of PMN (p<0.05) occurring at 6 h, followed by an increase of the absolute number of the total viable cells (p<0.01), macrophages (p<0.001), neutrophils (p<0.01), and lymphocytes (p<0.05) at 24 h after endotoxin inhalation. The inflammatory response recovered totally after 7 days. In human beings, the inhalation of endotoxin induced a transient airway inflammation after 6 h, peaked at 24 h and recovered after 7 days. When repeated endotoxin inhalations are used as a model of inflammation, a wash-out period of at least 7 days should be applied between each exposure in each subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Doyen
- Clinics of Immuno-allergology, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles-ULB, pl Van Gehuchten, 4, 1020, Brussels, Belgium
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Tschaikowsky K, Hedwig-Geissing M, Schmidt J, Braun GG. Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein for monitoring of postoperative sepsis: complemental to C-reactive protein or redundant? PLoS One 2011; 6:e23615. [PMID: 21901123 PMCID: PMC3161994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To prospectively evaluate the performance of Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein (LBP) in prediction of hospital mortality and its correlation to C-reactive Protein (CRP), we studied sixty consecutive, postoperative patients with sepsis admitted to the university hospital intensive care unit. MEASUREMENTS AND METHODS Plasma LBP and CRP were serially measured from day(d)1 (onset of sepsis) to d14 in parallel with clinical data until d28. Predictive value and correlation of LBP and CRP were analyzed by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and Pearson's test, respectively. MAIN RESULTS LBP and CRP showed the highest levels on d2 or d3 after the onset of sepsis with no significant difference between survivors and nonsurvivors. Only at d7, nonsurvivors had significantly (p = .03) higher levels of CRP than survivors. Accordingly, in ROC analysis, concentration of CRP and LBP on d7 poorly discriminated survivors from nonsurvivors (area under curve = .62 and .55, respectively) without significant difference between LBP- and CRP-ROC curves for paired comparison. LBP and CRP plasma levels allocated to quartiles correlated well with each other (r(2) = .95; p = .02). Likewise, changes in plasma concentrations of LBP and CRP from one observation to the next showed a marked concordance as both parameters concomitantly increased or decreased in 76% of all cases. CONCLUSIONS During the first 14 days of postoperative sepsis, LBP plasma concentrations showed a time course that was very similar to CRP with a high concordance in the pattern of day-to-day changes. Furthermore, like CRP, LBP does not provide a reliable clue for outcome in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Tschaikowsky
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Feng S, Chen W, Cao D, Bian J, Gong FY, Cheng W, Cheng S, Xu Q, Hua ZC, Yin W. Involvement of Na(+), K (+)-ATPase and its inhibitors in HuR-mediated cytokine mRNA stabilization in lung epithelial cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:109-24. [PMID: 20614158 PMCID: PMC11115110 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates that Na(+), K(+)-ATPase plays an important role in pulmonary inflammation, but the mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, we used cardiotonic steroids as Na(+), K(+)-ATPase inhibitors to explore the possible involvement of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase in pulmonary epithelial inflammation. The results demonstrated that mice after ouabain inhalation developed cyclooxygenase-2-dependent acute lung inflammation. The in vitro experiments further confirmed that Na(+), K(+)-ATPase inhibitors significantly stimulated cyclooxygenase-2 expression in lung epithelial cells of human or murine origin, the process of which was participated by multiple cis-elements and trans-acting factors. Most importantly, we first described here that Na(+), K(+)-ATPase inhibitors could evoke a significant Hu antigen R nuclear export in lung epithelial cells, which stabilized cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA by binding with a proximal AU-rich element within its 3'-untranslated region. In conclusion, HuR-mediated mRNA stabilization opens new avenues in understanding the importance of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase, as well as its inhibitors in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Feng
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Wei Chen
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Dan Cao
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Jinjun Bian
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Changhai Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Fang-Yuan Gong
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Wei Cheng
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Shun Cheng
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Qiang Xu
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Zi-Chun Hua
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Wu Yin
- The State Key Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
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Comparison of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and cellular signal transduction in human macrophages infected with different influenza A viruses. Med Microbiol Immunol 2010; 200:53-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00430-010-0173-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Switalla S, Lauenstein L, Prenzler F, Knothe S, Förster C, Fieguth HG, Pfennig O, Schaumann F, Martin C, Guzman CA, Ebensen T, Müller M, Hohlfeld JM, Krug N, Braun A, Sewald K. Natural innate cytokine response to immunomodulators and adjuvants in human precision-cut lung slices. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 246:107-15. [PMID: 20434477 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prediction of lung innate immune responses is critical for developing new drugs. Well-established immune modulators like lipopolysaccharides (LPS) can elicit a wide range of immunological effects. They are involved in acute lung diseases such as infections or chronic airway diseases such as COPD. LPS has a strong adjuvant activity, but its pyrogenicity has precluded therapeutic use. The bacterial lipopeptide MALP-2 and its synthetic derivative BPPcysMPEG are better tolerated. We have compared the effects of LPS and BPPcysMPEG on the innate immune response in human precision-cut lung slices. Cytokine responses were quantified by ELISA, Luminex, and Meso Scale Discovery technology. The initial response to LPS and BPPcysMPEG was marked by coordinated and significant release of the mediators IL-1β, MIP-1β, and IL-10 in viable PCLS. Stimulation of lung tissue with BPPcysMPEG, however, induced a differential response. While LPS upregulated IFN-γ, BPPcysMPEG did not. This traces back to their signaling pathways via TLR4 and TLR2/6. The calculated exposure doses selected for LPS covered ranges occurring in clinical studies with human beings. Correlation of obtained data with data from human BAL fluid after segmental provocation with endotoxin showed highly comparable effects, resulting in a coefficient of correlation >0.9. Furthermore, we were interested in modulating the response to LPS. Using dexamethasone as an immunosuppressive drug for anti-inflammatory therapy, we found a significant reduction of GM-CSF, IL-1β, and IFN-γ. The PCLS-model offers the unique opportunity to test the efficacy and toxicity of biological agents intended for use by inhalation in a complex setting in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Switalla
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Airway Research, Nikolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - L Lauenstein
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Airway Research, Nikolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Prenzler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Airway Research, Nikolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - S Knothe
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Airway Research, Nikolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Förster
- Klinikum Region Hannover (KRH), Hannover, Germany
| | - H-G Fieguth
- Klinikum Region Hannover (KRH), Hannover, Germany
| | - O Pfennig
- Klinikum Region Hannover (KRH), Hannover, Germany
| | - F Schaumann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Airway Research, Nikolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Martin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - C A Guzman
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - T Ebensen
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - M Müller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Airway Research, Nikolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - J M Hohlfeld
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Airway Research, Nikolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - N Krug
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Airway Research, Nikolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Braun
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Airway Research, Nikolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Sewald
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Airway Research, Nikolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
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15
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Neutrophil-derived circulating free DNA (cf-DNA/NETs), a potential prognostic marker for mortality in patients with severe burn injury. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2010; 36:551-7. [PMID: 26816310 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-010-0013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 01/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The predictive value of circulating free DNA/neutrophil extracellular traps (cf-DNA/NETs) has recently been shown in patients with major trauma for sepsis, multiple organ failure, and mortality. Here we report on the predictive potential of cf-DNA/NETs for mortality in patients with severe burn injury. In a prospective study 32 patients with severe burn injury were included. Blood samples were sequentially obtained on day 1, 3, 5, and 7 after admission. cf-DNA/NETs was directly quantified from plasma by means of rapid fluorescence assay. Time kinetics of cf-DNA/NETs were correlated with clinical data, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and interleukin (IL)-6. Furthermore sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value, as well as receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated. Seven patients died within the first month after burn injury. cf-DNA/NETs values from these patients were significantly increased already on day 1 and 3 after admission compared with patients who survived (p < 0.01). In contrast, PCT levels of nonsurvivors were significantly elevated on day 3 and 5 (p < 0.01), while CRP and IL-6 did not show any significant difference between survivors and nonsurvivors. At a cutoff of 255 ng/ml, cf-DNA/NETs had sensitivity of 0.8 and specificity of 0.74. ROC revealed largest areas under the curve (AUC) for cf-DNA/NETs on day 1 (0.851) and 3 (0.883) after admission. For all values between day 1 and 7, AUC was 0.815. cf-DNA/NETs seems to be a rapid, valuable marker for prediction of mortality in burn patients. A larger confirmation trial ought to be carried out.
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16
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Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have recently been discovered as a central part of antimicrobial innate immunity. In the meanwhile, evidence accumulated that NETs are also generated upon non-infectious stimuli in various clinical settings. In acute or chronic inflammatory disorders aberrantly enhanced NET formation and/or decreased NET degradation seems to correlate with disease outcome. This review summarizes current knowledge about the relation of NETs in a broad spectrum of clinical settings. Specifically, we focus on the importance of NETs as a predictive marker in severely ill patients and further, we speculate about the potential pathophysiology of NETs.
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17
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Gomez-Mejiba SE, Zhai Z, Akram H, Pye QN, Hensley K, Kurien BT, Scofield RH, Ramirez DC. Inhalation of environmental stressors & chronic inflammation: autoimmunity and neurodegeneration. Mutat Res 2008; 674:62-72. [PMID: 18977456 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human life expectancy and welfare has decreased because of the increase in environmental stressors in the air. An environmental stressor is a natural or human-made component present in our environment that upon reaching an organic system produces a coordinated response. This response usually involves a modification of the metabolism and physiology of the system. Inhaled environmental stressors damage the airways and lung parenchyma, producing irritation, recruitment of inflammatory cells, and oxidative modification of biomolecules. Oxidatively modified biomolecules, their degradation products, and adducts with other biomolecules can reach the systemic circulation, and when found in higher concentrations than normal they are considered to be biomarkers of systemic oxidative stress and inflammation. We classify them as metabolic stressors because they are not inert compounds; indeed, they amplify the inflammatory response by inducing inflammation in the lung and other organs. Thus the lung is not only the target for environmental stressors, but it is also the source of a number of metabolic stressors that can induce and worsen pre-existing chronic inflammation. Metabolic stressors produced in the lung have a number of effects in tissues other than the lung, such as the brain, and they can also abrogate the mechanisms of immunotolerance. In this review, we discuss recent published evidence that suggests that inflammation in the lung is an important connection between air pollution and chronic inflammatory diseases such as autoimmunity and neurodegeneration, and we highlight the critical role of metabolic stressors produced in the lung. The understanding of this relationship between inhaled environmental pollutants and systemic inflammation will help us to: (1) understand the molecular mechanism of environment-associated diseases, and (2) find new biomarkers that will help us prevent the exposure of susceptible individuals and/or design novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra E Gomez-Mejiba
- Free Radical Biology and Aging Research Program, MS-21, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
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18
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Henjakovic M, Sewald K, Switalla S, Kaiser D, Müller M, Veres TZ, Martin C, Uhlig S, Krug N, Braun A. Ex vivo testing of immune responses in precision-cut lung slices. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 231:68-76. [PMID: 18504053 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Revised: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the establishment of precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) as a suitable ex vivo alternative approach to animal experiments for investigation of immunomodulatory effects. For this purpose we characterized the changes of cytokine production and the expression of cell surface markers after incubation of PCLS with immunoactive substances lipopolysaccharide (LPS), macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 (MALP-2), interferon gamma (IFNgamma), and dexamethasone. Viability of PCLS from wild-type and CD11c-enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (CD11-EYFP)-transgenic mice was controlled by measurement of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activity and live/dead fluorescence staining using confocal microscopy. Cytokines and chemokines were detected with Luminex technology and ELISA. Antigen presenting cell (APC) markers were investigated in living mouse PCLS in situ using confocal microscopy. LPS triggered profound pro-inflammatory effects in PCLS. Dexamethasone prevented LPS-induced production of cytokines/chemokines such as interleukin (IL)-5, IL-1alpha, TNFalpha, IL-12(p40), and RANTES in PCLS. Surface expression of MHC class II, CD40, and CD11c, but not CD86 was present in APCs of naive PCLS. Incubation with LPS enhanced specifically the expression of MHC class II on diverse cells. MALP-2 only failed to alter cytokine or chemokine levels, but was highly effective in combination with IFNgamma resulting in increased levels of TNFalpha, IL-12(p40), RANTES, and IL-1alpha. PCLS showed characteristic responses to typical pro-inflammatory stimuli and may thus provide a suitable ex vivo technique to predict the immunomodulatory potency of inhaled substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Henjakovic
- Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Department of Immunology, Allergology and Immunotoxicology, Nikolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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19
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Tse K, Horner AA. Defining a role for ambient TLR ligand exposures in the genesis and prevention of allergic diseases. Semin Immunopathol 2007; 30:53-62. [PMID: 17989979 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-007-0098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Environmental variables responsible for the increasing allergic disease burden observed in developed countries over the last century have yet to be adequately characterized. Meta-analyses of epidemiological studies presented in the first half of this paper demonstrate a correlation between farm-associated exposures (i.e., livestock, pets, unpasteurized milk, and endotoxin) and a reduction in allergic risk during childhood. Laboratory investigations discussed in the second half of the paper characterize the intrinsic immunostimulatory activities of living environments. Considered together, experimental findings presented herein suggest a novel paradigm by which early life home exposures to microbial products and other allergen-nonspecific immunostimulants modify allergic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tse
- Department of Medicine and The Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0663, USA
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