1
|
Gong W, Liang Y, Mi J, Xue Y, Wang J, Wang L, Zhou Y, Sun S, Wu X. A peptide-based vaccine ACP derived from antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis induced Th1 response but failed to enhance the protective efficacy of BCG in mice. Indian J Tuberc 2022; 69:482-495. [PMID: 36460380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is a global infectious disease, but there is no ideal vaccine against TB except the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. METHODS Herein, 25 candidate peptides were predicted from four antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis based on their high-affinity binding capacity for the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DRB1∗0101. Three T-helper 1 (Th1) immunodominant peptides (Ag85B12-26, CFP2112-26, and PPE18149-163) were identified by ELISPOT assays in the humanized C57BL/6 mice. They resulted in a novel Th1 peptide-based vaccine ACP named by the first letter of the three peptides. In addition, the protective efficacy was evaluated in humanized or wild-type C57BL/6 mice and the humoral and cellular immune responses were confirmed in vitro. RESULTS Compared with the PBS group, the ACP vaccinated mice showed slight decreases in colony-forming units (CFUs) and pathological lesions. However, when using it as a booster, the ACP vaccine did not significantly enhance the protective efficacy of BCG in humanized or wild-type mice. Interestingly, we found that ACP vaccination significantly increased the number of interferon-γ positive (IFN-γ+) T lymphocytes and the levels of IFN-γ cytokines as well as antibodies. Furthermore, the IL-2 level was significantly higher in humanized mice prime-boosted with BCG and ACP. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that ACP vaccination could stimulate higher levels of cytokines and antibodies but failed to improve the protective efficacy of BCG in mice, indicating that the secretion level of IFN-γ may not be positively correlated with the protection efficiency of the vaccine. These findings provided important information on the feasibility of a peptide vaccine as a booster for enhancing the protective efficacy of BCG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Gong
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jie Mi
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yong Xue
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yusen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Shihui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xueqiong Wu
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
A century of attempts to develop an effective tuberculosis vaccine: Why they failed? Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108791. [PMID: 35487086 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem despite widespread use of the Bacillus BCG vaccine. This situation is worsened by co-infection with HIV, and the development of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains. Thus, novel vaccine candidates and improved vaccination strategies are urgently needed in order to reduce the incidence of TB and even to eradicate TB by 2050. Over the last few decades, 23 novel TB vaccines have entered into clinical trials, more than 13 new vaccines have reached various stages of preclinical development, and more than 50 potential candidates are in the discovery stage as next-generation vaccines. Nevertheless, why has a century of attempts to introduce an effective TB vaccine failed? Who should be blamed -scientists, human response, or Mtb strategies? Literature review reveals that the elimination of latent or active Mtb infections in a given population seems to be an epigenetic process. With a better understanding of the connections between bacterial infections and gene expression conditions in epigenetic events, opportunities arise in designing protective vaccines or therapeutic agents, particularly as epigenetic processes can be reversed. Therefore, this review provides a brief overview of different approaches towards novel vaccination strategies and the mechanisms underlying these approaches.
Collapse
|
3
|
Allué-Guardia A, Garcia-Vilanova A, Olmo-Fontánez AM, Peters J, Maselli DJ, Wang Y, Turner J, Schlesinger LS, Torrelles JB. Host- and Age-Dependent Transcriptional Changes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Envelope Biosynthesis Genes after Exposure to Human Alveolar Lining Fluid. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020983. [PMID: 35055170 PMCID: PMC8780516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) infection, caused by the airborne pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), resulted in almost 1.4 million deaths in 2019, and the number of deaths is predicted to increase by 20% over the next 5 years due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Upon reaching the alveolar space, M.tb comes into close contact with the lung mucosa before and after its encounter with host alveolar compartment cells. Our previous studies show that homeostatic, innate soluble components of the alveolar lining fluid (ALF) can quickly alter the cell envelope surface of M.tb upon contact, defining subsequent M.tb-host cell interactions and infection outcomes in vitro and in vivo. We also demonstrated that ALF from 60+ year old elders (E-ALF) vs. healthy 18- to 45-year-old adults (A-ALF) is dysfunctional, with loss of homeostatic capacity and impaired innate soluble responses linked to high local oxidative stress. In this study, a targeted transcriptional assay shows that M.tb exposure to human ALF alters the expression of its cell envelope genes. Specifically, our results indicate that A-ALF-exposed M.tb upregulates cell envelope genes associated with lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism, as well as genes associated with redox homeostasis and transcriptional regulators. Conversely, M.tb exposure to E-ALF shows a lesser transcriptional response, with most of the M.tb genes unchanged or downregulated. Overall, this study indicates that M.tb responds and adapts to the lung alveolar environment upon contact, and that the host ALF status, determined by factors such as age, might play an important role in determining infection outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Allué-Guardia
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; (A.G.-V.); (A.M.O.-F.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.-G.); (J.B.T.)
| | - Andreu Garcia-Vilanova
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; (A.G.-V.); (A.M.O.-F.)
| | - Angélica M. Olmo-Fontánez
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; (A.G.-V.); (A.M.O.-F.)
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jay Peters
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (J.P.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Diego J. Maselli
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (J.P.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA;
| | - Joanne Turner
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; (J.T.); (L.S.S.)
| | - Larry S. Schlesinger
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; (J.T.); (L.S.S.)
| | - Jordi B. Torrelles
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA; (A.G.-V.); (A.M.O.-F.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.-G.); (J.B.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Allué-Guardia A, Garcia-Vilanova A, M Olmo-Fontánez A, Peters J, Maselli DJ, Wang Y, Turner J, Schlesinger LS, Torrelles JB. Host- and age-dependent transcriptional changes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell envelope biosynthesis genes after exposure to human alveolar lining fluid. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34580670 DOI: 10.1101/2021.09.08.459334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) infection, caused by the airborne pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M . tb ), resulted in almost 1.4 million deaths in 2019 and the number of deaths is predicted to increase by 20% over the next 5 years due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Upon reaching the alveolar space, M . tb comes in close contact with the lung mucosa before and after its encounter with host alveolar compartment cells. Our previous studies show that homeostatic innate soluble components of the alveolar lining fluid (ALF) can quickly alter the cell envelope surface of M . tb upon contact, defining subsequent M . tb -host cell interactions and infection outcomes in vitro and in vivo . We also demonstrated that ALF from 60+ year old elders (E-ALF) vs . healthy 18- to 45-year-old adults (A-ALF) is dysfunctional with loss of homeostatic capacity and impaired innate soluble responses linked to high local oxidative stress. In this study, a targeted transcriptional assay demonstrates that M . tb exposure to human ALF alters the expression of its cell envelope genes. Specifically, our results indicate that A-ALF-exposed M . tb upregulates cell envelope genes associated with lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism, as well as genes associated with redox homeostasis and transcriptional regulators. Conversely, M . tb exposure to E-ALF shows lesser transcriptional response, with most of the M . tb genes unchanged or downregulated. Overall, this study indicates that M . tb responds and adapts to the lung alveolar environment upon contact, and that the host ALF status determined by factors such as age might play an important role in determining infection outcome.
Collapse
|
5
|
Immunological Characterization of Proteins Expressed by Genes Located in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific Genomic Regions Encoding the ESAT6-like Proteins. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9010027. [PMID: 33430286 PMCID: PMC7825740 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The 6 kDa early secreted antigen target (ESAT6) is a low molecular weight and highly immunogenic protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with relevance in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and subunit vaccine development. The gene encoding the ESAT6 protein is located in the M. tuberculosis-specific genomic region known as the region of difference (RD)1. There are 11 M. tuberculosis-specific RDs absent in all of the vaccine strains of BCG, and three of them (RD1, RD7, and RD9) encode immunodominant proteins. Each of these RDs has genes for a pair of ESAT6-like proteins. The immunological characterizations of all the possible proteins encoded by genes in RD1, RD7 and RD9 have shown that, besides ESAT-6 like proteins, several other proteins are major antigens useful for the development of subunit vaccines to substitute or supplement BCG. Furthermore, some of these proteins may replace the purified protein derivative of M. tuberculosis in the specific diagnosis of tuberculosis by using interferon-gamma release assays and/or tuberculin-type skin tests. At least three subunit vaccine candidates containing ESAT6-like proteins as antigen components of multimeric proteins have shown efficacy in phase 1 and phase II clinical trials in humans.
Collapse
|
6
|
Moradi B, Sankian M, Amini Y, Gholoobi A, Meshkat Z. A new DNA vaccine expressing HspX-PPE44-EsxV fusion antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis induced strong immune responses. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:909-914. [PMID: 32774813 PMCID: PMC7395183 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.38521.9171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Infection with tuberculosis (TB) is regarded as a major health issue. Due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance during TB treatment, prevention via vaccination is one of the most effective ways of controlling the infection. DNA vaccines are developed at a greater pace due to their ability in generating a long-lasting immune response, higher safety compared to the live vaccines, and relatively lower cost of production. In the present study, we evaluated a new DNA vaccine encoding the fusion HspX-PPE44-EsxV antigens, separately, and in combination with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) administration, in a prime-boost method in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS A novel DNA vaccine encoding HspX-PPE44-EsxV fusion antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was constructed, and RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to verify the expression of the antigen. Female BALB/c mice were divided into five groups (PBS, BCG, pcDNA3.1 (+) vector, pDNA/HspX-PPE44-EsxV vaccine, and the BCG-prime boost groups). In order to evaluate the immunogenicity of the recombinant vector, BALB/c mice were injected with 100 μg of pDNA at 2-week intervals. Then, cytokine assay was conducted using eBioscience ELISA kits (Ebioscience, AUT) according to manufacturers' instructions to evaluate the concentrations of IL-4, IL-12, TGF-β, and IFN-γ. RESULTS The concentrations of INF-γ, IL-12, and TGF-beta were significantly increased compared to the control groups (P<0.001). INF-γ and IL-12 production were increased significantly in pDNA/HspX-PPE44-EsxV+BCG group compared to pDNA/HspX-PPE44-EsxV group (P<0.001). CONCLUSION This study showed that the present DNA vaccine could induce a high level of specific cytokines in mice. It was also shown that using this DNA vaccine in a BCG prime-boost protocol can produce significant amounts of IFN-γ, IL-12, and TGF-β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bagher Moradi
- Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Sciences, Esfarayen, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sankian
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yousef Amini
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Aida Gholoobi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Meshkat
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kannan N, Haug M, Steigedal M, Flo TH. Mycobacterium smegmatis Vaccine Vector Elicits CD4+ Th17 and CD8+ Tc17 T Cells With Therapeutic Potential to Infections With Mycobacterium avium. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1116. [PMID: 32582196 PMCID: PMC7296097 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium (Mav) complex is increasingly reported to cause non-tuberculous infections in individuals with a compromised immune system. Treatment is complicated and no vaccines are available. Previous studies have shown some potential of using genetically modified Mycobacterium smegmatis (Msm) as a vaccine vector to tuberculosis since it is non-pathogenic and thus would be tolerated by immunocompromised individuals. In this study, we used a mutant strain of Msm disrupted in EspG3, a component of the ESX-3 secretion system. Infection of macrophages and dendritic cells with Msm ΔespG3 showed increased antigen presentation compared to cells infected with wild-type Msm. Vaccination of mice with Msm ΔespG3, expressing the Mav antigen MPT64, provided equal protection against Mav infection as the tuberculosis vaccine, Mycobacterium bovis BCG. However, upon challenge with Mav, we observed a high frequency of IL-17-producing CD4+ (Th17 cells) and CD8+ (Tc17 cells) T cells in mice vaccinated with Msm ΔespG3::mpt64 that was not seen in BCG-vaccinated mice. Adoptive transfer of cells from Msm ΔespG3-vaccinated mice showed that cells from the T cell compartment contributed to protection from Mav infection. Further experiments revealed Tc17-enriched T cells did not provide prophylactic protection against subsequent Mav infection, but a therapeutic effect was observed when Tc17-enriched cells were transferred to mice already infected with Mav. These initial findings are important, as they suggest a previously unknown role of Tc17 cells in mycobacterial infections. Taken together, Msm ΔespG3 shows promise as a vaccine vector against Mav and possibly other (myco)bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Kannan
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Markus Haug
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Magnus Steigedal
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trude Helen Flo
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu YY, Sha W, Xu S, Gui XW, Xia L, Ji P, Wang S, Zhao GP, Zhang X, Chen Y, Wang Y. Identification of HLA-A2-Restricted Mycobacterial Lipoprotein Z Peptides Recognized by T CellsFrom Patients With ActiveTuberculosis Infection. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3131. [PMID: 30622521 PMCID: PMC6308912 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of HLA-restricted peptides derived from mycobacterial antigens that are endowed with high affinity and strong antigenicity is not only of interest in tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics and treatment efficacy evaluation, but might also provide potential candidates for the development of therapeutic vaccines against drug-resistant TB. Our previous work demonstrated that lipoprotein Z (LppZ) displayed high immunogenicity and antigenicity in active TB patients. In the present study, ten HLA-A2-restricted LppZ peptides (LppZp1-10) were predicted by bioinformatics, among which LppZp7 and LppZp10 were verified to possess high affinity to HLA-A2 molecules using T2 cell-based affinity binding assay. Moreover, results from ELISpot assay showed that both LppZp7 and LppZp10 peptides were able to induce more IFN-γ producing cells upon ex vivo stimulation of PBMC from HLA-A2+ active TB (ATB) patients as compared to those from healthy controls (HCs). Also, the numbers of LppZp7 and LppZp10-specific IFN-γ producing cells exhibited positive correlations with those of ESAT-6 peptide (E6p) or CFP-10 peptide (C10p) in ATB. Interestingly, stimulation with LppZp7/p10 mixture was able to induce higher intracellular expression of IFN-γ and IL-2 cytokines in CD8+ and CD4+ T cells from ATB as compared to HC, associated with lower expression of TNF-α in both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Taken together, HLA-A2-restricted LppZp7 and LppZp10 peptides display high immunoreactivity in HLA-matched ATB patients demonstrated by high responsiveness in both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. With the ability to induce strong antigen-specific cellular responses, LppZp7 and LppZp10 are of potential value for the future applications in the prevention and control of TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yong Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sha
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqiang Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Wei Gui
- Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liliang Xia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Ping Zhao
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khoshnood S, Heidary M, Haeili M, Drancourt M, Darban-Sarokhalil D, Nasiri MJ, Lohrasbi V. Novel vaccine candidates against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:180-188. [PMID: 30098365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is now among the top ten causes of mortality worldwide being resulted in 1.7 million deaths including 0.4 million among people with HIV in 2016. The Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the only available TB vaccine which fails to provide consistent protection against pulmonary TB in adults and adolescents despite being efficacious at protecting infants and young children from the most severe, often deadly forms of TB disease. To achieve the goal of global TB elimination by 2050 we will need new interventions including more improved vaccines that are effective in adult individuals who have not been infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well as latently infected or immunocompromised subjects. In recent decades, multiple new vaccine candidates including whole cell vaccines, adjuvanted proteins, and vectored subunit vaccines have entered into the clinical trials. These new TB vaccines are hoped to provide encouraging safety and immunogenicity under various conditions including prevention of TB disease in adolescents and adults, as BCG replacement/boosters, or as therapeutic vaccines to reduce the duration of TB therapy. In this review, we will discuss the status of novel TB vaccine candidates currently under development in preclinical or clinical phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Khoshnood
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Heidary
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehri Haeili
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Michel Drancourt
- Aix-Marseille Univ., IRD, MEPHI, Institut Hospital-Universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Davood Darban-Sarokhalil
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Nasiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Lohrasbi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rénier W, Bourdin A, Rubbo PA, Peries M, Dedieu L, Bendriss S, Kremer L, Canaan S, Terru D, Godreuil S, Nagot N, Van de Perre P, Tuaillon E. B cells response directed against Cut4 and CFP21 lipolytic enzymes in active and latent tuberculosis infections. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196470. [PMID: 29709002 PMCID: PMC5927435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Better understanding of the immune response directed against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is critical for development of vaccine strategies and diagnosis tests. Previous studies suggested that Mtb enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, are associated with persistence and/or reactivation of dormant bacilli. METHODS Circulating antibodies secreting cells (ASCs), memory B cells, and antibodies directed against Cut4 (Rv3452) and CFP21 (Rv1984c) antigens were explored in subjects with either active- or latent-tuberculosis (LTB), and in Mtb-uninfected individuals. RESULTS Circulating anti-Cut4 ASCs were detected in 11/14 (78.6%) subjects from the active TB group vs. 4/17 (23.5%) from the LTB group (p = 0.001). Anti-CFP21 ASCs were found in 11/14 (78.6%) active TB vs. in 5/17 (29.4%) LTB cases (p = 0.01). Circulating anti-Cut4 and anti-CFP21 ASCs were not detected in 38 Mtb uninfected controls. Memory B cells directed against either Cut4 or CFP21 were identified in 8/11 (72.7%) and in 9/11 (81.8%) subjects with LTB infection, respectively, and in 2/6 Mtb uninfected individuals (33.3%). High level of anti-Cut4 and anti-CFP21 IgG were observed in active TB cases. CONCLUSION Circulating IgG SCs directed against Cut4 or CFP21 were mostly detected in patients presenting an active form of the disease, suggesting that TB reactivation triggers an immune response against these two antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Rénier
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, EFS, Université de Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, EFS, Université de Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre-Alain Rubbo
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, EFS, Université de Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marianne Peries
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, EFS, Université de Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Luc Dedieu
- Laboratory of Enzymology at Interfaces and Physiology of Lipolysis, CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Bendriss
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, EFS, Université de Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Institute of Research on Infection of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Canaan
- Laboratory of Enzymology at Interfaces and Physiology of Lipolysis, CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, France
| | - Dominique Terru
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, EFS, Université de Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Godreuil
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, EFS, Université de Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Nagot
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, EFS, Université de Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Van de Perre
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, EFS, Université de Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Edouard Tuaillon
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, EFS, Université de Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Luo L, Zhu L, Yue J, Liu J, Liu G, Zhang X, Wang H, Xu Y. Antigens Rv0310c and Rv1255c are promising novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Emerg Microbes Infect 2017; 6:e64. [PMID: 28698665 PMCID: PMC5567170 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2017.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify novel immunogenic epitopes from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) that could be used in tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics. To determine the diagnostic potential of mycobacterial antigens in serodiagnosis of TB, 256 patients were enrolled in a study and divided into two groups: 126 smear-positive pulmonary TB patients (SPPT) and 130 smear-negative pulmonary TB patients (SNPT); 152 bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-vaccinated healthy people were used as a control. Murine results showed that antigens Rv0310c-E from RD 8 and Rv1255c-E from RD 10 were strongly immunogenic to Th1 cells and induced a great humoral response. Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that Rv0310c-E (area under the curve (AUC): 0.800) and Rv1255c-E (AUC: 0.808) performed better than ESAT-6 (AUC: 0.665) and CFP-10 (AUC: 0.623) proteins but were comparable with Rv3425 (AUC: 0.788) protein in a human serum IgG analysis. Rv0310c-E demonstrated the highest diagnostic ability for the SPPT group (Youden index: 0.5602, sensitivity: 69.84%, specificity: 86.18%), while Rv1255c-E demonstrated the highest diagnostic ability for the SNPT group (Youden index: 0.5674, sensitivity: 73.84%, specificity: 82.89%). In addition, combination analysis found that antigen Rv0310c-E, coupled with the Rv3425 protein (Youden index: 0.6098, sensitivity: 87.30%, specificity: 73.68%) had the strongest performance for TB diagnostics of the SPPT group, and the single antigen Rv1255c-E was strongest for the SNPT group. These results suggest that antigens Rv0310c-E and Rv1255c-E are potential antigens for TB serodiagnostic tests, which may facilitate detection of MTB in smear-negative and smear-positive patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liulin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jun Yue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guoyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Honghai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Bacterial sphingomyelinases and phospholipases are a heterogeneous group of esterases which are usually surface associated or secreted by a wide variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These enzymes hydrolyze sphingomyelin and glycerophospholipids, respectively, generating products identical to the ones produced by eukaryotic enzymes which play crucial roles in distinct physiological processes, including membrane dynamics, cellular signaling, migration, growth, and death. Several bacterial sphingomyelinases and phospholipases are essential for virulence of extracellular, facultative, or obligate intracellular pathogens, as these enzymes contribute to phagosomal escape or phagosomal maturation avoidance, favoring tissue colonization, infection establishment and progression, or immune response evasion. This work presents a classification proposal for bacterial sphingomyelinases and phospholipases that considers not only their enzymatic activities but also their structural aspects. An overview of the main physiopathological activities is provided for each enzyme type, as are examples in which inactivation of a sphingomyelinase- or a phospholipase-encoding gene impairs the virulence of a pathogen. The identification of sphingomyelinases and phospholipases important for bacterial pathogenesis and the development of inhibitors for these enzymes could generate candidate vaccines and therapeutic agents, which will diminish the impacts of the associated human and animal diseases.
Collapse
|
13
|
Gu D, Chen W, Mi Y, Gong X, Luo T, Bao L. The Mycobacterium bovis BCG prime-Rv0577 DNA boost vaccination induces a durable Th1 immune response in mice. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:385-90. [PMID: 26922320 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a major global health problem and effective vaccines are urgently needed. In this study, we used the combined DNA- and protein-based vaccines of immunodominant antigen Rv0577 to boost BCG and evaluated their immunogenicity in BALB/c mice. Our data suggest that the booster vaccine may substantially enhance the immunogenicity of BCG and strengthen both CD4+ T cell-mediated Th1 and CD8+ T cell-mediated cytolytic responses. Compared with the protein-based vaccine, the DNA-based vaccine can induce more durable Th1 immune response, characterized by high levels of antibody response, proliferation response, percentages of CD4+/CD8+ and cytokine secretion in antigen-stimulated splenocyte cultures. In conclusion, we for the first time, developed a protein- and plasmid DNA-based booster vaccine based on Rv0577. Our findings suggest that antigen Rv0577-based DNA vaccine is immunogenic and can efficiently boost BCG, which could be helpful in the design of an efficient vaccination strategy against TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Gu
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, West China Center of Medical Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, West China Center of Medical Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Youjun Mi
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, West China Center of Medical Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xueli Gong
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, West China Center of Medical Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, West China Center of Medical Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lang Bao
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, West China Center of Medical Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu L, Fu R, Yuan X, Shi C, Wang S, Lu X, Ma Z, Zhang X, Qin W, Fan X. Differential Immune Responses and Protective Effects in Avirulent Mycobacterial Strains Vaccinated BALB/c Mice. Curr Microbiol 2015; 71:129-35. [PMID: 25995039 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-015-0837-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Screening live mycobacterial vaccine candidates is the important strategy to develop new vaccines against adult tuberculosis (TB). In this study, the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of several avirulent mycobacterial strains including Mycobacterium smegmatis, M. vaccae, M. terrae, M. phlei, M. trivial, and M. tuberculosis H37Ra were compared with M. bovis BCG in BALB/c mice. Our results demonstrated that differential immune responses were induced in different mycobacterial species vaccinated mice. As BCG-vaccinated mice did, M. terrae immunization resulted in Th1-type responses in the lung, as well as splenocytes secreting IFN-γ against a highly conserved mycobacterial antigen Ag85A. M. smegmatis also induced the same splenocytes secreting IFN-γ as BCG and M. terrae did. In addition, M. terrae and M. smegmatis-immunized mice predominantly increased expression of IL-10 and TGF-β in the lung. Most importantly, mice vaccinated with H37Ra and M. vaccae could provide the same protection in the lung against virulent M. tuberculosis challenge as BCG. The result may have important implications in developing adult TB vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laicheng Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection offered by a new multistage subunit vaccine correlates with increased number of IFN-γ+ IL-2+ CD4+ and IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122560. [PMID: 25822536 PMCID: PMC4378938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein subunit vaccines present a compelling new area of research for control of tuberculosis (TB). Based on the interaction between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its host, five stage-specific antigens of M. tuberculosis that participate in TB pathogenesis—Rv1813, Rv2660c, Ag85B, Rv2623, and HspX—were selected. These antigens were verified to be recognized by T cells from a total of 42 whole blood samples obtained from active TB patients, patients with latent TB infections (LTBIs), and healthy control donors. The multistage polyprotein A1D4 was developed using the selected five antigens as a potentially more effective novel subunit vaccine. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of A1D4 emulsified in the adjuvant MTO [monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), trehalose-6,6′-dibehenate (TDB), components of MF59] was compared with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in C57BL/6 mice. Our results demonstrated that A1D4/MTO could provide more significant protection against M. tuberculosis infection than the PBS control or MTO adjuvant alone judging from the A1D4-specific Th1-type immune response; however, its efficacy was inferior to BCG as demonstrated by the bacterial load in the lung and spleen, and by the pathological changes in the lung. Antigen-specific single IL-2-secreting cells and different combinations with IL-2-secreting CD4+ T cells were beneficial and correlated with BCG vaccine-induced protection against TB. Antigen-specific IFN-γ+IL-2+ CD4+ T cells were the only effective biomarker significantly induced by A1D4/MTO. Among all groups, A1D4/MTO immunization also conferred the highest number of antigen-specific single IFN-γ+ and IFN-γ+TNF-α+ CD4+ T cells, which might be related to the antigen load in vivo, and single IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells by mimicking the immune patterns of LTBIs or curable TB patients. Our strategy seems promising for the development of a TB vaccine based on multistage antigens, and subunit antigen A1D4 suspended in MTO adjuvant warrants preclinical evaluation in animal models of latent infection and may boost BCG vaccination.
Collapse
|
16
|
Aghababa H, Mohabati Mobarez A, Khoramabadi N, Behmanesh M, Mahdavi M, Tebianian M, Nejati M. A comparative approach to strategies for cloning, expression, and purification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis mycolyl transferase 85B and evaluation of immune responses in BALB/c mice. Mol Biotechnol 2014; 56:487-97. [PMID: 24619477 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-013-9696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein antigens have drawn a lot of attention from investigators working on tuberculosis vaccines. These proteins can be used to improve the immunogenicity of the new generation BCG vaccines or even replace them completely. Recombinant technology is used to insure the production of pure mycobacterial antigens in high quantities. Mycolyl transferase 85B (Ag85B) is a potent, mycobacterial antigen that significantly stimulates immune responses. Since Ag85B is an apolar protein, production of the water-soluble antigen is of interest. In this work, we report a systematic optimization strategy concerning cloning systems and purification methods, aiming at increasing the yield of recombinant Ag85B. Our optimized method resulted in a yield of 8 mg of recombinant Ag85B from 1 liter of induced culture (400 μg/ml) by using pET32a(+), Escherichia coli Rosseta-gami™(DE3) pLysS and a Ni-NTA agarose-based procedure and on-column re-solubilization. The purified recombinant Ag85B showed strong immunostimulating properties by inducing high levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-12, and IgG2a in immunized mice, therefore it can effectively be applied in TB vaccine researches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haniyeh Aghababa
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sibley L, Reljic R, Radford DS, Huang JM, Hong HA, Cranenburgh RM, Cutting SM. RecombinantBacillus subtilisspores expressing MPT64 evaluated as a vaccine against tuberculosis in the murine model. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2014; 358:170-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sibley
- School of Biological Sciences; Royal Holloway, University of London; Egham UK
| | - Rajko Reljic
- Infection and Immunity Research Centre; St George's University of London; London UK
| | - David S. Radford
- Cobra Biologics Ltd; Keele Science Park; Keele UK
- Prokarium Ltd; Keele Science Park; Keele UK
| | - Jen-Min Huang
- School of Biological Sciences; Royal Holloway, University of London; Egham UK
| | - Huynh A. Hong
- School of Biological Sciences; Royal Holloway, University of London; Egham UK
| | | | - Simon M. Cutting
- School of Biological Sciences; Royal Holloway, University of London; Egham UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tan K, Liang J, Teng X, Wang X, Zhang J, Yuan X, Fan X. Comparison of BCG prime-DNA booster and rBCG regimens for protection against tuberculosis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 10:391-8. [PMID: 24192709 DOI: 10.4161/hv.26969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing an effective adult prophylaxis vaccine is a high priority in the global control of tuberculosis (TB), because TB remains an important public health problem and the current widely used BCG vaccine provides effective protection only for children but variable protection against adult TB. BCG priming-heterologous vaccines booster and recombinant BCG technologies have been thought as two important regimens for inducing effective protection against adult TB. Obviously, defining the protective efficacy of the two regimens would benefit more rational design of the future adult TB vaccines. In this study, a recombinant BCG strain (rBCG::685A) expressing the fusion protein of ESAT-6 and Ag85A (r685A) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was constructed successfully and the secretion of r685A protein from rBCG strain was confirmed by western blotting with anti-ESAT-6 and anti-Ag85A polyclonal antibodies, respectively. The immune responses and protective effects in rBCG::685A vaccinated C57BL/6 mice were compared with that of our previous reported BCG prime-pcD685A booster regimen. Boosting BCG with pcD685A DNA elicited higher level of r685A protein specific IFN-γ secreted by splenocytes and a more significant increase of both TNF-α and iNOS responses in the lung, thus providing better control of bacterial growth in both lung and spleen of immunized mice challenged with virulent M. tuberculosis, compared with mice vaccinated with rBCG::685A or BCG alone. Our results have implications for development of more effective adult TB vaccines for improved control of TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Tan
- Department of Pathogen Biology; Lab of Bio-safety, School of Preclinical Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jinping Liang
- Department of Pathogen Biology; Lab of Bio-safety, School of Preclinical Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xindong Teng
- Department of Pathogen Biology; Lab of Bio-safety, School of Preclinical Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology; Lab of Bio-safety, School of Preclinical Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jingyan Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology; Lab of Bio-safety, School of Preclinical Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Yuan
- Department of Pathogen Biology; Lab of Bio-safety, School of Preclinical Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xionglin Fan
- Department of Pathogen Biology; Lab of Bio-safety, School of Preclinical Medicine; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science & Technology; Wuhan, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang CC, Zhu B, Fan X, Gicquel B, Zhang Y. Systems approach to tuberculosis vaccine development. Respirology 2013; 18:412-20. [PMID: 23331331 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is both highly prevalent across the world and eludes our attempts to control it. The current bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine has unreliable protection against adult pulmonary tuberculosis. As a result, tuberculosis vaccine development has been an ongoing area of research for several decades. Only recently have research efforts resulted in the development of several vaccine candidates that are further along in clinical trials. The majority of the barriers surrounding tuberculosis vaccine development are related to the lack of defined biomarkers for tuberculosis protective immunity and the lack of understanding of the complex interactions between the host and pathogen in the human immune system. As a result, testing various antigens discovered through molecular biology techniques have been only with surrogates of protection and do not accurately predict protective immunity. This review will address new discoveries in latency antigens and new next-generation candidate vaccines that promise the possibility of sterile eradication. Also discussed are the potentially important roles of systems biology and vaccinomics in shortening development of an efficacious tuberculosis vaccine through utilization of high-throughput technology, computer modelling and integrative approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Joung SM, Ryoo S. BCG vaccine in Korea. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2013; 2:83-91. [PMID: 23858398 PMCID: PMC3710928 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2013.2.2.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-tuberculosis Bacille de Calmette et Guérin (BCG) vaccine was developed between 1905 and 1921 at Pasteur Institutes of Lille in France, and was adopted by many countries. BCG strains comprise natural mutants of major virulence factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and that BCG sub-strains differ markedly in virulence levels. The tuberculosis became endemic in Korea after the Korean War (1950s). The BCG strain, which was donated by Pasteur Institutes, was brought to Korea in 1955, and the first domestic BCG vaccine was produced by the National Defense Research Institute (NDRI), current Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC), in 1960. Since 1987, BCG manufacture work was handed over to the Korean Institute of Tuberculosis (KIT), the freeze-dried BCG vaccine was manufactured at a scale required to meet the whole amount of domestic consumption. However, since 2006, the manufacture of BCG vaccine suspended and the whole amount of BCG was imported at this point of time. Now KIT is planning to re-produce the BCG vaccine in Korea under the supervision of KCDC, this will be render great role to National Tuberculosis Control Program (NTP) and provide initiating step for developing new tuberculosis vaccines in Korea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Myung Joung
- Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, The Korean National Tuberculosis Association, Cheongwon, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jiang Q, Zhang J, Chen X, Xia M, Lu Y, Qiu W, Feng G, Zhao D, Li Y, He F, Peng G, Wang Y. A novel recombinant DNA vaccine encoding Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT-6 and FL protects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge in mice. J Biomed Res 2013; 27:406-20. [PMID: 24086174 PMCID: PMC3783826 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.27.20120114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 6-kDa early secretory antigenic target (ESAT-6) is a dominant target antigen for cell-mediated immunity in the early phase of tuberculosis. The fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FL) that induces potent immune response has been used as an adjuvant in vaccine development. In this study, a new recombinant plasmid (pIRES-epitope-peptides-FL) encoding three T cell epitopes of ESAT-6 and FL was constructed, and the immunogenicity of the DNA vaccine was assessed in C57BL/6 mice immunized with the plasmid DNA vaccine. Additionally, a strategy of intramuscular injection with the DNA vaccine (prime) and intranasal administration of the epitope peptides (boost) was employed to induce higher immune reaction of the mice. The results showed that mice vaccinated with the recombinant plasmid DNA vaccine and boosted with the peptides not only increased the levels of Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-12), the number of IFN-γ+ T cells and activities of cytotoxic T lymphocytes as well as IgG, but also enhanced protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge. In conclusion, these data indicate that the novel recombinant pIRES-epitope-peptides-FL plasmid is a useful DNA vaccine for preventing Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingtao Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lowrie DB. Tuberculosis vaccine research in China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2012; 1:e7. [PMID: 26038419 PMCID: PMC3636423 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2012.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is now privately acknowledged that there may be little if any perceptible impact of the national Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination program on disease prevalence, despite the extensive coverage of the newborn infant population and likely benefit in the early years of life. A better preventive vaccine than BCG is now being sought by Chinese researchers. Urgency has been added to the control problem by the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). Furthermore, expensive second-line drugs seem unlikely to be made available by the government to treat drug-resistant cases, so attention in addition has turned to the potential of immunotherapy as an adjunct to chemotherapy. Research trends are summarized here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Lowrie
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University , Shanghai 201508, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
de Paula Rigoletto T, Silva CL, Santana MHA, Rosada RS, de la Torre LG. Effects of extrusion, lipid concentration and purity on physico-chemical and biological properties of cationic liposomes for gene vaccine applications. J Microencapsul 2012; 29:759-69. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2012.686530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
24
|
A novel tuberculosis DNA vaccine in an HIV-1 p24 protein backbone confers protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and simultaneously elicits robust humoral and cellular responses to HIV-1. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2012; 19:723-30. [PMID: 22461526 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.05700-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a major infectious disease worldwide. Moreover, latent M. tuberculosis infection is more likely to progress to active TB and eventually leads to death when HIV infection is involved. Thus, it is urgent to develop a novel TB vaccine with immunogenicity to both M. tuberculosis and HIV. In this study, four uncharacterized T cell epitopes from MPT64, Ag85A, Ag85B, and TB10.4 antigens of M. tuberculosis were predicted, and HIV-1-derived p24, an immunodominant protein that can induce protective responses to HIV-1, was used as an immunogenic backbone. M. tuberculosis epitopes were incorporated separately into the gene backbone of p24, forming a pP24-Mtb DNA vaccine. We demonstrated that pP24-Mtb immunization induced a strong M. tuberculosis-specific cellular response as evidenced by T cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, and elevated frequency of gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-secreting T cells. Interestingly, a p24-specific cellular response and high levels of p24-specific IgG were also induced by pP24-Mtb immunization. When the protective effect was assessed after mycobacterial challenge, pP24-Mtb vaccination significantly reduced tissue bacterial loads and profoundly attenuated the mycobacterial infection-related lung inflammation and injury. Our findings demonstrated that the pP24-Mtb tuberculosis vaccine confers effective protection against mycobacterial challenge with simultaneously elicited robust immune responses to HIV-1, which may provide clues for developing novel vaccines to prevent dual infections.
Collapse
|
25
|
Doerr HW, Cinatl J. Recent publications in medical microbiology and immunology: a retrospective. Med Microbiol Immunol 2011; 201:1-5. [PMID: 22033658 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-011-0219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A look back is done to some clinical and basic research activities recently published in medical microbiology and immunology. The review covers clinical experiences and in vitro experiments to understand the emergency, pathogenicity, epidemic spread, and vaccine-based prevention of avian and swine-origin flu. Some new developments and concepts in diagnosis, (molecular) epidemiology, and therapy of AIDS, viral hepatitis C, and herpesvirus-associated diseases are outlined. Regulation of immune system has been discussed in a special issue 2010 including some aspects of CNS affections (measles). Mycobacterial infection and its prevention by modern recombinant vaccines have reached new interest, as well as new concepts of vaccination and prophylaxis against several other bacteria. Adaptation to host niches enables immune escape (example brucella) and determines virulence (example N. meningitidis). Chlamydia pneumoniae, previously considered to trigger atherosclerosis, is hypothetically associated to Alzheimer disease, while CMV, another putative trigger of atherosclerosis, gains evidence of oncomodulation in CNS tumor diseases. In terms of globalization, exotic virus infections are increasingly imported from southern countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H W Doerr
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital of Frankfurt/M., Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|