1
|
de Melo Guedes GM, Pereira VC, Freitas AS, Honório de Souza PR, Chacon Parra AL, Brasil JA, de Medeiros Guedes RF, Pereira de Sousa PC, de Aguiar Cordeiro R, Gadelha Rocha MF, Costa Sidrim JJ, de Souza Collares Maia Castelo Branco D. Repurposing approved drugs as potential efflux pump inhibitors in multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:495-508. [PMID: 38629920 PMCID: PMC11216505 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the action of promethazine, fluoxetine and carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone as efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: The effect of the compounds was evaluated in planktonic cells and bacterial biofilms. Accumulation tests were performed with ethidium bromide to prove their action as EPIs. Then, they were associated with antimicrobials. Results: Effect on planktonic cells and biofilms was found. Assays with ethidium bromide indicate their action as EPIs. Significant reductions in the metabolic activity of biofilms were observed after the association with the antimicrobials, especially for meropenem. Conclusion: It is possible to prove the action of these compounds as EPIs for P. aeruginosa and demonstrate the relevance of efflux pumps in antimicrobial resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gláucia Morgana de Melo Guedes
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Carvalho Pereira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Alyne Soares Freitas
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Honório de Souza
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Aura Lucia Chacon Parra
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Jaiane Alves Brasil
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Fonseca de Medeiros Guedes
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | | | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60714-903, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo Branco
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-275, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Viveiro LRDG, Rehem AR, Santos ELDS, do Carmo PHF, Junqueira JC, Scorzoni L. In vitro effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on Cryptococcus gattii capsule and biofilm. Pathog Dis 2024; 82:ftae001. [PMID: 38204138 PMCID: PMC10849314 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by Cryptococcus gattii mainly affect immunocompetent individuals and the treatment presents important limitations. This study aimed to validate the efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), fluoxetine hydrochloride (FLH), and paroxetine hydrochloride (PAH) in vitro against C. gattii. The antifungal activity of SSRI using the microdilution method revealed a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 31.25 µg/ml. The combination of FLH or PAH with amphotericin B (AmB) was analyzed using the checkerboard assay and the synergistic effect of SSRI in combination with AmB was able to reduce the SSRI or AmB MIC values 4-8-fold. When examining the effect of SSRI on the induced capsules, we observed that FLH and PAH significantly decreased the size of C. gattii capsules. In addition, the effects of FLH and PAH were evaluated in biofilm biomass and viability. The SSRI were able to reduce biofilm biomass and biofilm viability. In conclusion, our results indicate the use of FLH and PAH exhibited in vitro anticryptococcal activity, representing a possible future alternative for the cryptococcosis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Rampazzo da Gama Viveiro
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Amanda Rodrigues Rehem
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Luzia De Souza Santos
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Fonseca do Carmo
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade de Guarulhos, Guarulhos, São Paulo 07023-070, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guedes GM, Araújo ES, Ribeiro KV, Pereira VC, Soares AC, Freitas AS, Amando BR, Cordeiro RA, Rocha MF, Sidrim JJ, Castelo-Branco DS. Effect of fluoxetine on planktonic and biofilm growth and the antimicrobial susceptibility of Burkholderia pseudomallei. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:785-794. [PMID: 37622278 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study evaluated the effect of fluoxetine (FLU) on planktonic and biofilm growth and the antimicrobial susceptibility of Burkholderia pseudomallei. Materials & methods: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for FLU were determined by broth microdilution. Its effect on growing and mature biofilms and its interaction with antibacterial drugs were evaluated by assessing biofilm metabolic activity, biomass and structure through confocal microscopy. Results: The FLU MIC range was 19.53-312.5 μg/ml. FLU eradicated growing and mature biofilms of B. pseudomallei at 19.53-312.5 μg/ml and 1250-2500 μg/ml, respectively, with no structural alterations and enhanced the antibiofilm activity of antimicrobial drugs. Conclusion: These results bring perspectives for the use of FLU in the treatment of melioidosis, requiring further studies to evaluate its applicability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gláucia Mm Guedes
- Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Emerging & Reemerging Pathogens, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Cel, Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Cel, Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Emanuela S Araújo
- Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Cel, Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Késia Vc Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Cel, Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Vinícius C Pereira
- Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Cel, Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ana Ccf Soares
- Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Cel, Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Alyne S Freitas
- Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Cel, Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Bruno R Amando
- Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Cel, Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rossana A Cordeiro
- Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Emerging & Reemerging Pathogens, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Cel, Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fg Rocha
- Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Emerging & Reemerging Pathogens, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Cel, Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- College of Veterinary, State University of Ceara. Av. Dr Silas Munguba, 1700, Campus do Itaperi - CEP 60714-903, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Jc Sidrim
- Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Emerging & Reemerging Pathogens, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Cel, Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Débora Scm Castelo-Branco
- Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Emerging & Reemerging Pathogens, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Cel, Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Department of Pathology & Legal Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Cel, Nunes de Melo, 1315 - Rodolfo Teófilo - CEP 60430-275, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahmed EI, Alhuwaydi AM, Taha AE, Abouelkheir M. Anti-Candidal Activity of Reboxetine and Sertraline Antidepressants: Effects on Pre-Formed Biofilms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050881. [PMID: 37237784 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Reboxetine (REB) and sertraline (SER) are antidepressants. The antifungal potential of these drugs against planktonic Candida has been recently reported with limited data about their effects on Candidal biofilms. Biofilms are self-derived extracellular matrixes produced by the microbial population that is attached to biotic surfaces, such as vaginal and oral mucosa, or abiotic surfaces, such as biomedical devices, resulting in persistent fungal infections. The commonly prescribed antifungals, azoles, are usually less effective when biofilms are formed, and most of the prescribed antifungals are only fungistatic. Therefore, the current study investigates the antifungal potentials of REB and SER, alone and in combination with fluconazole (FLC) and itraconazole (ITR) against Candidal biofilms. Using proper controls, Candida species (Candida albicans, C. albicans; Candida krusei, C. krusei; and Candida glabrata, C. glabrata) were used to form biofilms in 96-well microplates. Serial dilutions corresponding to concentrations ranging from 2 to 4096 µg/mL of the target drugs (REB, SER, FLC, ITR) were prepared and added to the plates. Impairment of the biofilm biomass and biofilm metabolic viability was detected using the crystal violet (CV) assay and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, respectively. In the checkerboard assay, the sessile fractional inhibitory concentration index (SFICI) was calculated to evaluate the effects of drug combinations. SER was more effective in reducing the biomass than REB for C. albicans and C. glabrata, but both were equal for C. krusei. For the reduction in metabolic activity in C. albicans and C. glabrata, SER had a slight advantage over REB. In C. krusei, REB was slightly more potent. Overall, FLC and ITR were almost equal and produced more significant reductions in metabolic activity when compared to SER and REB, except for C. glabrata, where SER was almost equal to FLC. Synergism was detected between REB + FLC and REB + ITR against biofilm cells of C. albicans. Synergism was detected between REB + ITR against biofilm cells of C. krusei. Synergism was detected between REB + FLC and REB + ITR against biofilm cells of C. albicans, C. krusei, and C. glabrata. The results of the present study support the potential of SER and REB as anti-Candidal biofilm agents that are beneficial as a new antifungal to combat Candidal resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Ibrahim Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Alhuwaydi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E Taha
- Microbiology and Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abouelkheir
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Antimicrobial Activity of Sertraline on Listeria monocytogenes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054678. [PMID: 36902108 PMCID: PMC10002541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored the antimicrobial activity of sertraline on Listeria monocytogenes and further investigated the effects of sertraline on biofilm formation and the virulence gene expression of L. monocytogenes. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration for sertraline against L. monocytogenes were in the range of 16-32 μg/mL and 64 μg/mL, respectively. Sertraline-dependent damage of the cell membrane and a decrease in intracellular ATP and pHin in L. monocytogenes were observed. In addition, sertraline reduced the biofilm formation efficiency of the L. monocytogenes strains. Importantly, low concentrations (0.1 μg/mL and 1 μg/mL) of sertraline significantly down-regulated the expression levels of various L. monocytogens virulence genes (prfA, actA, degU, flaA, sigB, ltrC and sufS). These results collectively suggest a role of sertraline for the control of L. monocytogenes in the food industry.
Collapse
|
6
|
Rodrigues DS, Cabral VPDF, Barbosa AD, Sá LGDAV, Moreira LEA, de Andrade Neto JB, da Silva CR, de Moraes MO, Silva J, Marinho ES, Dos Santos HS, da Costa ÉRM, Silveira MJCB, E Silva LH, Nobre Júnior HV. Sertraline has in vitro activity against both mature and forming biofilms of different Candida species. J Med Microbiol 2023; 72. [PMID: 36762524 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida spp. infections are a serious health problem, especially in patients with risk factors. The acquisition of resistance, often associated with biofilm production, makes treatment more difficult due to the reduced effectiveness of available antifungals. Drug repurposing is a good alternative for the treatment of infections by Candida spp. biofilms. The present study evaluated the in vitro antibiofilm activity of sertraline in reducing the cell viability of forming and matured biofilms, in addition to elucidating whether effective concentrations are safe. Sertraline reduced biofilm cell viability by more than 80 % for all Candida species tested, acting at low and safe concentrations, both on mature biofilm and in preventing its formation, even the one with highest virulence. Its preventive mechanism seemed to be related to binding with ALS3. These data indicate that sertraline is a promising drug with anticandidal biofilm potential in safe doses. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the antibiofilm mechanism and possible application of pharmaceutical forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sampaio Rodrigues
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Center of Drug Research and Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Vitória Pessoa de Farias Cabral
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Center of Drug Research and Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Amanda Dias Barbosa
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Center of Drug Research and Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lívia Gurgel do Amaral Valente Sá
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Center of Drug Research and Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lara Elloyse Almeida Moreira
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Center of Drug Research and Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - João Batista de Andrade Neto
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Center of Drug Research and Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Cecília Rocha da Silva
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Center of Drug Research and Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Manoel Odorico de Moraes
- Center of Drug Research and Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jacilene Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Group of Theoretical Chemistry and Electrochemistry (GQTE), State University of Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Silva Marinho
- Department of Chemistry, Group of Theoretical Chemistry and Electrochemistry (GQTE), State University of Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Helcio Silva Dos Santos
- Science and Technology Centre, Course of Chemistry, State University Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Érica Rayanne Mota da Costa
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Center of Drug Research and Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Holanda E Silva
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Hélio Vitoriano Nobre Júnior
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Center of Drug Research and Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hulme J. Staphylococcus Infection: Relapsing Atopic Dermatitis and Microbial Restoration. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020222. [PMID: 36830133 PMCID: PMC9952585 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic Dermatitis (AD) skin is susceptible to Staphylococcus aureus (SA) infection, potentially exposing it to a plethora of toxins and virulent determinants, including Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) (α-hemolysin (Hla) and phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs)), and superantigens. Depending on the degree of infection (superficial or invasive), clinical treatments may encompass permanganate (aq) and bleach solutions coupled with intravenous/oral antibiotics such as amoxicillin, vancomycin, doxycycline, clindamycin, daptomycin, telavancin, linezolid, or tigecycline. However, when the skin is significantly traumatized (sheathing of epidermal sections), an SA infection can rapidly ensue, impairing the immune system, and inducing local and systemic AD presentations in susceptible areas. Furthermore, when AD presents systemically, desensitization can be long (years) and intertwined with periods of relapse. In such circumstances, the identification of triggers (stress or infection) and severity of the flare need careful monitoring (preferably in real-time) so that tailored treatments targeting the underlying pathological mechanisms (SA toxins, elevated immunoglobulins, impaired healing) can be modified, permitting rapid resolution of symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Hulme
- Gachon Bio-Nano Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 461-701, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The potential action of SSRIs in the treatment of skin diseases including atopic dermatitis and slow-healing wounds. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:947-955. [PMID: 36203121 PMCID: PMC9584846 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00423-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are used to treat affective and anxiety disorders. Antidepressants have also been shown to have antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects, which may affect the microbiota-intestinal-brain axis. Studies show that SSRIs have antimicrobial activity both in vivo and in vitro and influence bacteria by inhibiting biofilm, affecting efflux pumps, among others. A huge challenge today is the prevention and treatment of skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD) and slow-healing wounds. Skin diseases including AD and non-healing wounds are serious medical problem. People suffering from these conditions feel constant discomfort, which also affects their psychological state. Research on new treatments for AD and slow-healing wounds is essential because current medications are not fully effective and have many side effects. Exploring new drug groups for AD and slow-healing wounds will allow for the creation of an alternative treatment for these diseases. SSRIs represent a hope for the treatment of skin diseases due to their immunomodulatory and antimicrobial properties.
Collapse
|
9
|
Menezes RT, Pereira TC, Junqueira JC, Oliveira LD, Scorzoni L. Synergistic combination of duloxetine hydrochloride and fluconazole reduces the cell growth and capsule size of Cryptococcus neoformans. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20211021. [PMID: 35544847 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220211021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of duloxetine hydrochloride (DH) on Cryptococcus neoformans. DH minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were 18.5 µg/mL, and the combination with fluconazole (FLZ) reduced the MIC value by 16-and 4-fold for DH and FLZ, respectively. The capsule size decreased by 67% and 16% when treated with DH and DH with FLZ, respectively. Therefore, this study showed that DH is active against C. neoformans alone and in combination with FLZ, leading to the reduction of the capsule size of this yeast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel T Menezes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Oral, Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, 12245-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaís C Pereira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Oral, Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, 12245-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Junqueira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Oral, Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, 12245-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane D Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Oral, Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, 12245-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Oral, Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, 12245-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.,Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade de Guarulhos (UNG), Rua Engenheiro Prestes Maia, 88, 07023-070 Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Faria-Gonçalves P, Rolo J, Gaspar C, Palmeira-de-Oliveira R, Martinez-de-Oliveira J, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A. Virulence Factors as Promoters of Chronic Vulvovaginal Candidosis: A Review. Mycopathologia 2021; 186:755-773. [PMID: 34613569 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-021-00592-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The vast majority of the species of the genus Candida spp. is commensal in humans; however, some are opportunistic pathogens that can cause infection, called candidosis. Among the different types of candidosis, we highlight the vulvovaginal (VVC) which can occur in two main clinical variants: chronic (cVVC) and episodic or sporadic. The incidence of cVVC has been worrying the scientific community, promoting the research on genotypic and phenotypic causes of its occurrence. We summarize important findings on factors that favor chronic vulvovaginal candidosis with respect to molecular epidemiology and the expression of various virulence factors, while clarifying the terminology involving these infections. AIM AND METHODOLOGY The aim of this review was to gather research that linked virulence factors to VVC and its persistence and recurrence, using two databases (Pubmed and Google Scholar). Predisposing factors in women for the occurrence of cVVC and some studies that refer new preventive and alternative therapies were also included, where appropriate. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Several studies have been shedding light on the increasing number of persistence and recurrences of VVC. The expression of virulence factors has been related to both chronic forms of VVC and antifungal resistance. Other studies report mutations occurring in the genome of Candida spp. during the infection phase which may be important indications for new therapies. The introduction of preventive therapies and new therapies has revealed great importance and is also highlighted here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Faria-Gonçalves
- Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University Mandume Ya Ndemufayo, Lubango, Angola.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Joana Rolo
- Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Gaspar
- Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Health Products Research and Development Lda, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Rita Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Health Products Research and Development Lda, Covilhã, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Martinez-de-Oliveira
- Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Health Products Research and Development Lda, Covilhã, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Repositioning or Redirection of Antidepressant Drugs in the Treatment of Bacterial and Fungal Infections. Am J Ther 2021; 27:e528-e532. [PMID: 31082830 DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000001001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
12
|
Drug repurposing strategies in the development of potential antifungal agents. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5259-5279. [PMID: 34151414 PMCID: PMC8214983 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The morbidity and mortality caused by invasive fungal infections are increasing across the globe due to developments in transplant surgery, the use of immunosuppressive agents, and the emergence of drug-resistant fungal strains, which has led to a challenge in terms of treatment due to the limitations of three classes of drugs. Hence, it is imperative to establish effective strategies to identify and design new antifungal drugs. Drug repurposing is a potential way of expanding the application of existing drugs. Recently, various existing drugs have been shown to be useful in the prevention and treatment of invasive fungi. In this review, we summarize the currently used antifungal agents. In addition, the most up-to-date information on the effectiveness of existing drugs with antifungal activity is discussed. Moreover, the antifungal mechanisms of existing drugs are highlighted. These data will provide valuable knowledge to stimulate further investigation and clinical application in this field. Key points • Conventional antifungal agents have limitations due to the occurrence of drug-resistant strains. • Non-antifungal drugs act as antifungal agents in various ways toward different targets. • Non-antifungal drugs with antifungal activity are demonstrated as effective antifungal strategies.
Collapse
|
13
|
In Vitro Confirmation of Siramesine as a Novel Antifungal Agent with In Silico Lead Proposals of Structurally Related Antifungals. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123504. [PMID: 34201401 PMCID: PMC8230181 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited number of medicinal products available to treat of fungal infections makes control of fungal pathogens problematic, especially since the number of fungal resistance incidents increases. Given the high costs and slow development of new antifungal treatment options, repurposing of already known compounds is one of the proposed strategies. The objective of this study was to perform in vitro experimental tests of already identified lead compounds in our previous in silico drug repurposing study, which had been conducted on the known Drugbank database using a seven-step procedure which includes machine learning and molecular docking. This study identifies siramesine as a novel antifungal agent. This novel indication was confirmed through in vitro testing using several yeast species and one mold. The results showed susceptibility of Candida species to siramesine with MIC at concentration 12.5 µg/mL, whereas other candidates had no antifungal activity. Siramesine was also effective against in vitro biofilm formation and already formed biofilm was reduced following 24 h treatment with a MBEC range of 50-62.5 µg/mL. Siramesine is involved in modulation of ergosterol biosynthesis in vitro, which indicates it is a potential target for its antifungal activity. This implicates the possibility of siramesine repurposing, especially since there are already published data about nontoxicity. Following our in vitro results, we provide additional in depth in silico analysis of siramesine and compounds structurally similar to siramesine, providing an extended lead set for further preclinical and clinical investigation, which is needed to clearly define molecular targets and to elucidate its in vivo effectiveness as well.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang Q, Yang N, Mao R, Hao Y, Ma X, Teng D, Fan H, Wang J. A recombinant fungal defensin-like peptide-P2 combats Streptococcus dysgalactiae and biofilms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1489-1504. [PMID: 33534018 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus dysgalactiae, considered one of the main pathogens that causes bovine mastitis, is a serious threat to humans and animals. However, the excessive use of antibiotics and the characteristic of S. dysgalactiae forming biofilms in mastitic teat canal have serious clinical implications. In this study, in vivo and in vitro multiple mechanisms of action of P2, a mutant of fungal defensin plectasin, against S. dysgalactiae were systematically and comprehensively investigated for the first time. P2 showed potent antibacterial activity against S. dysgalactiae (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC = 0.23-0.46 μM) and rapid bactericidal action by 3.0 lg units reduction in 2-4 h. No resistant mutants appeared after 30-d serial passage of S. dysgalactiae in the presence of P2. The results of electron microscopy and flow cytometer showed that P2 induced membrane damage of S. dysgalactiae, causing the leakage of cellular content and eventually cell death. Besides, P2 effectively inhibited early biofilm formation, eradicated mature biofilms, and killed 99.9% persisters which were resistant to 100 × MIC vancomycin; and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) also revealed the potent antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of P2 (the thickness of biofilm reduced from 18.82 to 7.94 μm). The in vivo therapeutic effect of P2 in mouse mastitis model showed that it decreased the number of mammary bacteria and alleviated breast inflammation by regulating cytokines and inhibiting bacterial proliferation, which were superior to vancomycin. These data indicated that P2 maybe a potential candidate peptide for mastitis treatment of S. dysgalactiae infections. KEY POINTS: •P2 showed potential in vitro antibacterial characteristics towards S. dysgalactiae. •P2 eradicated biofilms, killed persisters, and induced cell death of S. dysgalactiae. •P2 could effectively protect mice from S. dysgalactiae infection in gland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingjuan Zhang
- Team of AMP & Alternatives to Antibiotics, Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China.,Tianjin Animal Science and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin, 300381, China.,College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Na Yang
- Team of AMP & Alternatives to Antibiotics, Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ruoyu Mao
- Team of AMP & Alternatives to Antibiotics, Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ya Hao
- Team of AMP & Alternatives to Antibiotics, Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xuanxuan Ma
- Team of AMP & Alternatives to Antibiotics, Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Da Teng
- Team of AMP & Alternatives to Antibiotics, Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China. .,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Huan Fan
- Tianjin Animal Science and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin, 300381, China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Team of AMP & Alternatives to Antibiotics, Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China. .,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sodium bicarbonate gels: a new promising strategy for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidosis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 157:105621. [PMID: 33122009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidosis (VVC), caused mainly by the yeast Candida albicans, is the second most prevalent vaginal infection. It has been found to have a large impact on women's quality of life, self-esteem and routines. The prevalence of recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis (RVVC) remains high so the development of alternative treatments is needed. The main objective of this study was to develop and characterize sodium bicarbonate gels to treat VVC. We described key formulation characteristics and analyzed their influence on in vitro performance evaluations. The potential to inhibit Candida albicans's growth, the pH, osmolality, viscosity and rheological performance in contact with vaginal fluid simulant and the bioadhesion's profile (using a vaginal ex vivo porcine model) were studied for all formulations. Among the formulations, formulation C (5% sodium bicarbonate, 1% carbomer and 94% water) was the most effective in inhibiting the C. albicans' growth. This gel presented the same potential (the same MIC 2.5%) to inhibit other etiological agents of VVC (C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis) for all species tested. Additionally, sensorial characteristics of gel C were in accord with users' preferences. This gel exhibited physicochemical characteristics acceptable for short term treatments, suggesting good overall performance for the treatment of VVC. Furthermore, Gel C was biocompatible with the HeLa cell line (MTT assay) and was classified as a non-severe irritant in the HET-CAM assay (irritation score 4 ± 1). Overall, gel C was deemed the best performing of the set tested, and suitable for further development.
Collapse
|
16
|
Development and in vitro evaluation of microparticles of fluoxetine in galactomannan against biofilms of S. aureus methicilin resistant. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 252:117184. [PMID: 33183631 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is a global problem, by reducing the effectiveness of traditional antibiotics and decreasing the therapeutic arsenal to treat bacterial infections. This has led to an increase in researches about how to overcome this resistance to antibiotics. One strategy is the repositioning (or repurposing) of existing drugs not previously used to combat microorganisms, rather than the development of new drugs. Fluoxetine (FLX) is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs) and is considered one of the first highly selective antidepressants of the monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT). The objective of this study is to prepare and physically characterize fluoxetine microparticles with galactomannan and evaluate their efficacy against strains of Staphylococcus aureus sensitive and resistant to methicillin. The microparticles were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared analysis (IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In addition, the percentage of encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and drug release kinetics were determined in vitro, along with the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and evaluation of the action against biofilms. Physical tests were conducted to characterize galactomannan (GAL), FLX, oxacillin (OXA) and the galactomannan/fluoxetine microparticles (GFM). The EE% value was 98 % and, in regard the release, tests with the microparticles released about 60 % of the drug in 200 min. The isolated MIC results for FLX (255 μg/mL) and OXA MIC (1.97-15.62 μg/mL) showed that the strains were resistant. Furthermore, in the biofilms, microparticles showed statically significant improvement for all concentrations used. The study revealed that fluoxetine encapsulated in microparticles has the potential to act as an effective antimicrobial agent.
Collapse
|
17
|
Tekintaş Y, Temel A, Ateş A, Eraç B, Metin DY, Hilmioğlu Polat S, Hoşgör Limoncu M. Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activities of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Alone and in Combination with Fluconazole. Turk J Pharm Sci 2020; 17:667-672. [PMID: 33389969 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2019.65481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Candida spp. are clinically important pathogens that cause difficulties for treatment by biofilm formation. Considering antifungal resistance rates and the limitations in the discovery of new antifungals, the antifungal and antibiofilm effects of various drugs used for different therapeutic purposes are becoming more important. The goal of our study was to determine the antifungal and antibiofilm effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), namely sertraline (SRT), paroxetine (PRX), and fluoxetine (FLX) alone and in combination with fluconazole (FLC) against Candida spp. Materials and Methods Twenty Candida spp. strains isolated from clinical samples from Ege University Hospital were identified by the Dalmau method and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the SSRIs and FLC were detected by broth microdilution method. Synergistic interactions between the SSRIs and FLC were investigated by checkerboard assay. The antibiofilm effects of the SSRIs were determined by spectrophotometric microplate method. Results Among the isolates, five different Candida spp. (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, and C.parapsilosis) were identified. The MICs of the SSRIs ranged between 16-512 μg/mL. While SRT showed the highest antifungal effect, the antibiofilm efficacy of FLX was higher than that of the other agents. Moreover, FLX and PRX showed a synergistic effect with FLC in 13 and 19 isolates, respectively. Four isolates were strong biofilm producers while nine isolates were moderate biofilm producers. C. parapsilosis strains showed higher biofilm production than the other species. At MIC/2 concentration, FLX and SRT alone inhibited mature biofilms in six and five isolates, respectively, while PRX caused increases biofilm formation in seven isolates. Conclusion This study revealed that MIC/2 concentrations of SSRIs could have antifungal and antibiofilm effects. SRT and FLX alone or in combination with antifungals may possibly have therapeutic potential for combating fungal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yamaç Tekintaş
- İzmir Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Aybala Temel
- İzmir Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Ateş
- Ege University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Bayrı Eraç
- Ege University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Dilek Yeşim Metin
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | - Mine Hoşgör Limoncu
- Ege University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, İzmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Krzyżek P, Paluch E, Gościniak G. Synergistic Therapies as a Promising Option for the Treatment of Antibiotic-Resistant Helicobacter pylori. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9100658. [PMID: 33007899 PMCID: PMC7599531 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9100658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for the development of gastric diseases. The issue of spreading antibiotic resistance of H. pylori and its limited therapeutic options is an important topic in modern gastroenterology. This phenomenon is greatly associated with a very narrow range of antibiotics used in standard therapies and, as a consequence, an alarmingly high detection of multidrug-resistant H. pylori strains. For this reason, scientists are increasingly focused on the search for new substances that will not only exhibit antibacterial effect against H. pylori, but also potentiate the activity of antibiotics. The aim of the current review is to present scientific reports showing newly discovered or repurposed compounds with an ability to enhance the antimicrobial activity of classically used antibiotics against H. pylori. To gain a broader context in their future application in therapies of H. pylori infections, their antimicrobial properties, such as minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations, dose- and time-dependent mode of action, and, if characterized, anti-biofilm and/or in vivo activity are further described. The authors of this review hope that this article will encourage the scientific community to expand research on the important issue of synergistic therapies in the context of combating H. pylori infections.
Collapse
|
19
|
Fluoxetine and Paroxetine: Repositioning as a Therapeutic Alternative in the Treatment of Various Diseases. Am J Ther 2020; 27:e547-e551. [PMID: 32902939 DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000001011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
20
|
Sefaty B, Masrournia M, Es’haghi Z, Bozorgmehr MR. Determination of Tramadol and Fluoxetine in Biological and Water Samples by Magnetic Dispersive Solid-Phase Microextraction (MDSPME) with Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1786695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Banafsheh Sefaty
- Department of Chemistry, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Zarrin Es’haghi
- Department of Chemistry, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jiang L, Zheng L, Sun KA, Zhou P, Xu R, Gu J, Wei X. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the antifungal activity of fluoxetine combined with antifungals against Candida albicans biofilms and oral candidiasis. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:537-548. [PMID: 32551919 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1777401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans biofilms are responsible for oral candidiasis. Fluoxetine is a widely used antidepressant, with certain anti-Candida activities. The antifungal activity of fluoxetine combined with various antifungals against C. albicans biofilms and oral candidiasis was evaluated in this study. The morphological change in the inhibition of fluoxetine on C. albicans biofilms was observed using SEM. The interactions between fluoxetine and antifungals against C. albicans biofilms were evaluated using microdilution checkerboard methods, FICI and the ΔE model. The synergistic combination was tested in vivo on the mice model of oral candidiasis. SEM imaging showed fluoxetine inhibited hyphal growth and biofilm formation. Fluoxetine combined with caspofungin exhibited synergistic effects against C. albicans biofilms. Antagonistic effects occurred when fluoxetine was combined with amphotericin B or terbinafine. Further, the fluoxetine combined with caspofungin significantly reduced the lesion score and CFU of C. albicans on the murine tongue (p < 0.05), and relieved oral candidiasis of the infected mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuliu Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linxia Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - K Airui Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyi Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
de Mello TP, Silva LN, de Souza Ramos L, Frota HF, Branquinha MH, dos Santos ALS. Drug Repurposing Strategy against Fungal Biofilms. Curr Top Med Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/156802662007200316142626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Pereira de Mello
- Laboratório de Estudos Avancados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Laura Nunes Silva
- Laboratório de Estudos Avancados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lívia de Souza Ramos
- Laboratório de Estudos Avancados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Heloísa Freire Frota
- Laboratório de Estudos Avancados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marta Helena Branquinha
- Laboratório de Estudos Avancados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Luis Souza dos Santos
- Laboratório de Estudos Avancados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chybowska AD, Childers DS, Farrer RA. Nine Things Genomics Can Tell Us About Candida auris. Front Genet 2020; 11:351. [PMID: 32351544 PMCID: PMC7174702 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida auris is a recently emerged multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen causing severe illness in hospitalized patients. C. auris is most closely related to a few environmental or rarely observed but cosmopolitan Candida species. However, C. auris is unique in the concern it is generating among public health agencies for its rapid emergence, difficulty to treat, and the likelihood for further and more extensive outbreaks and spread. To date, five geographically distributed and genetically divergent lineages have been identified, none of which includes isolates that were collected prior to 1996. Indeed, C. auris' ecological niche(s) and emergence remain enigmatic, although a number of hypotheses have been proposed. Recent genomic and transcriptomic work has also identified a variety of gene and chromosomal features that may have conferred C. auris with several important clinical phenotypes including its drug-resistance and growth at high temperatures. In this review we discuss nine major lines of enquiry into C. auris that big-data technologies and analytical approaches are beginning to answer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra D. Chybowska
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences, and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Delma S. Childers
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Rhys A. Farrer
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at The University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
de Barros PP, Rossoni RD, de Souza CM, Scorzoni L, Fenley JDC, Junqueira JC. Candida Biofilms: An Update on Developmental Mechanisms and Therapeutic Challenges. Mycopathologia 2020; 185:415-424. [PMID: 32277380 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-020-00445-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fungi of the genus Candida are important etiological agents of superficial and life-threatening infections in individuals with a compromised immune system. One of the main characteristics of Candida is its ability to form highly drug tolerance biofilms in the human host. Biofilms are a dynamic community of multiple cell types whose formation over time is orchestrated by a network of transcription regulators. In this brief review, we provide an update of the processes involved in biofilm formation by Candida spp. (formation, treatment, and control), as well as the transcriptional circuitry that regulates its development and interactions with other microorganisms. Candida albicans is known to build mixed species biofilms with other Candida species and with various other bacterial species in different host niches. Taken together, these properties play a key role in Candida pathogenesis. In addition, this review gathers recent studies with new insights and perspectives for the treatment and control of Candida biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Pimentel de Barros
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Rodnei Dennis Rossoni
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Cheyenne Marçal de Souza
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana De Camargo Fenley
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Avenida Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
In Vitro Activity of Sertraline, an Antidepressant, Against Antibiotic-Susceptible and Antibiotic-Resistant Helicobacter pylori Strains. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040228. [PMID: 31717683 PMCID: PMC6963513 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori, a spiral bacterium associated with gastric diseases, is a topic that has been intensively discussed in last decades. Recent discoveries indicate promising antimicrobial and antibiotic-potentiating properties of sertraline (SER), an antidepressant substance. The aim of the study, therefore, was to determine the antibacterial activity of SER in relation to antibiotic-sensitive and antibiotic-resistant H. pylori strains. The antimicrobial tests were performed using a diffusion-disk method, microdilution method, and time-killing assay. The interaction between SER and antibiotics (amoxicillin, clarithromycin, tetracycline, and metronidazole) was determined by using a checkerboard method. In addition, the study was expanded to include observations by light, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy. The growth inhibition zones were in the range of 19–37 mm for discs impregnated with 2 mg of SER. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) counted for 2–8 µg/mL and 4–8 µg/mL, respectively. The time-killing assay showed the time-dependent and concentration-dependent bactericidal activity of SER. Bacteria exposed to MBCs (but not sub-MICs and MICs ≠ MBCs) underwent morphological transformation into coccoid forms. This mechanism, however, was not protective because these cells after a 24-h incubation had a several-fold reduced green/red fluorescence ratio compared to the control. Using the checkerboard assay, a synergistic/additive interaction of SER with all four antibiotics tested was demonstrated. These results indicate that SER may be a promising anti-H. pylori compound.
Collapse
|
26
|
Drug Repurposing Identifies New Promising Treatment Options for Invasive Fungal Diseases. Clin Ther 2019; 41:2454-2459. [PMID: 31526654 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|