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Müller L, Di Benedetto S. Immunosenescence and Cytomegalovirus: Exploring Their Connection in the Context of Aging, Health, and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:753. [PMID: 38255826 PMCID: PMC10815036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging induces numerous physiological alterations, with immunosenescence emerging as a pivotal factor. This phenomenon has attracted both researchers and clinicians, prompting profound questions about its implications for health and disease. Among the contributing factors, one intriguing actor in this complex interplay is human cytomegalovirus (CMV), a member of the herpesvirus family. Latent CMV infection exerts a profound influence on the aging immune system, potentially contributing to age-related diseases. This review delves into the intricate relationship between immunosenescence and CMV, revealing how chronic viral infection impacts the aging immune landscape. We explore the mechanisms through which CMV can impact both the composition and functionality of immune cell populations and induce shifts in inflammatory profiles with aging. Moreover, we examine the potential role of CMV in pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, COVID-19, and Long COVID. This review underlines the importance of understanding the complex interplay between immunosenescence and CMV. It offers insights into the pathophysiology of aging and age-associated diseases, as well as COVID-19 outcomes among the elderly. By unraveling the connections between immunosenescence and CMV, we gain a deeper understanding of aging's remarkable journey and the profound role that viral infections play in transforming the human immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Müller
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Álvarez-Heredia P, Reina-Alfonso I, Domínguez-del-Castillo JJ, Hassouneh F, Gutiérrez-González C, Batista-Duharte A, Pérez AB, Sarramea F, Jaén-Moreno MJ, Camacho-Rodríguez C, Tarazona R, Solana R, Molina J, Pera A. Spanish HCMV Seroprevalence in the 21st Century. Viruses 2023; 16:6. [PMID: 38275940 PMCID: PMC10819642 DOI: 10.3390/v16010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is linked to age-related diseases like cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative conditions, and cancer. It can also cause congenital defects and severe illness in immunocompromised individuals. Accurate HCMV seroprevalence assessment is essential for public health planning and identifying at-risk individuals. This is the first HCMV seroprevalence study conducted in the general Spanish adult population in 30 years. We studied HCMV seroprevalence and HCMV IgG antibody titres in healthy adult donors (HDs) and HCMV-related disease patients from 2010 to 2013 and 2020 to 2023, categorized by sex and age. We compared our data with 1993 and 1999 studies in Spain. The current HCMV seroprevalence among HDs in Spain is 73.48%. In women of childbearing age, HCMV seroprevalence has increased 1.4-fold in the last decade. HCMV-seropositive individuals comprise 89.83% of CVD patients, 69% of SMI patients, and 70.37% of COVID-19 patients. No differences in HCMV seroprevalence or HCMV IgG antibody titres were observed between patients and HDs. A significant reduction in Spanish HCMV seroprevalence among HDs was observed in 1993. However, women of childbearing age have shown an upturn in the last decade that may denote a health risk in newborns and a change in HCMV seroprevalence trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Álvarez-Heredia
- Immunology and Allergy Group (GC01), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (I.R.-A.); (F.H.); (C.G.-G.); (A.B.-D.); (R.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Irene Reina-Alfonso
- Immunology and Allergy Group (GC01), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (I.R.-A.); (F.H.); (C.G.-G.); (A.B.-D.); (R.S.); (J.M.)
| | - José Joaquín Domínguez-del-Castillo
- Cardiovascular Pathology (GA09), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain;
| | - Fakhri Hassouneh
- Immunology and Allergy Group (GC01), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (I.R.-A.); (F.H.); (C.G.-G.); (A.B.-D.); (R.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Carmen Gutiérrez-González
- Immunology and Allergy Group (GC01), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (I.R.-A.); (F.H.); (C.G.-G.); (A.B.-D.); (R.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Alexander Batista-Duharte
- Immunology and Allergy Group (GC01), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (I.R.-A.); (F.H.); (C.G.-G.); (A.B.-D.); (R.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Ana-Belén Pérez
- Microbiology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital of Cordoba/Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute (IMIBIC)/CIBERINFEC, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain;
| | - Fernando Sarramea
- Severe Mental Illness-Health Alerts (GA12), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (F.S.); (M.J.J.-M.); (C.C.-R.)
- Department of Morphological and Socio-Health Sciences, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Mental Health Clinical Management Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital/ CIBERSAM, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - María José Jaén-Moreno
- Severe Mental Illness-Health Alerts (GA12), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (F.S.); (M.J.J.-M.); (C.C.-R.)
- Department of Morphological and Socio-Health Sciences, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Cristina Camacho-Rodríguez
- Severe Mental Illness-Health Alerts (GA12), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (F.S.); (M.J.J.-M.); (C.C.-R.)
| | - Raquel Tarazona
- Immunology Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
| | - Rafael Solana
- Immunology and Allergy Group (GC01), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (I.R.-A.); (F.H.); (C.G.-G.); (A.B.-D.); (R.S.); (J.M.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Immunology and Allergy Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan Molina
- Immunology and Allergy Group (GC01), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (I.R.-A.); (F.H.); (C.G.-G.); (A.B.-D.); (R.S.); (J.M.)
- Immunology and Allergy Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alejandra Pera
- Immunology and Allergy Group (GC01), Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (I.R.-A.); (F.H.); (C.G.-G.); (A.B.-D.); (R.S.); (J.M.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Immunology and Allergy Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
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Chen DG, Xie J, Su Y, Heath JR. T cell receptor sequences are the dominant factor contributing to the phenotype of CD8 + T cells with specificities against immunogenic viral antigens. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113279. [PMID: 37883974 PMCID: PMC10729740 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific CD8+ T cells mediate pathogen clearance. T cell phenotype is influenced by T cell receptor (TCR) sequences and environmental signals. Quantitative comparisons of these factors in human disease, while challenging to obtain, can provide foundational insights into basic T cell biology. Here, we investigate the phenotype kinetics of 679 CD8+ T cell clonotypes, each with specificity against one of three immunogenic viral antigens. Data were collected from a longitudinal study of 68 COVID-19 patients with antigens from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and influenza. Each antigen is associated with a different type of immune activation during COVID-19. We find TCR sequence to be by far the most important factor in shaping T cell phenotype and persistence for populations specific to any of these antigens. Our work demonstrates the important relationship between TCR sequence and T cell phenotype and persistence and helps explain why T cell phenotype often appears to be determined early in an infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Chen
- Institute of Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jingyi Xie
- Institute of Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Yapeng Su
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Clinical Research Division, Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - James R Heath
- Institute of Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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Schinas G, Moustaka V, Polyzou E, Almyroudi MP, Dimopoulos G, Akinosoglou K. Targeting CMV Reactivation to Optimize Care for Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Review on the Therapeutic Potential of Antiviral Treatment. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051165. [PMID: 37243251 DOI: 10.3390/v15051165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation has been linked to adverse clinical outcomes in critically ill patients, with emerging evidence suggesting a potential connection with severe COVID-19. Mechanisms driving this association may include primary lung injury, amplification of systemic inflammation, and secondary immunosuppression. Diagnostic challenges in detecting and assessing CMV reactivation necessitate a comprehensive approach to improve accuracy and inform treatment decisions. Currently, there is limited evidence on the efficacy and safety of CMV pharmacotherapy in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Although insights from non-COVID-19 critical illness studies suggest a potential role for antiviral treatment or prophylaxis, the risks and benefits must be carefully balanced in this vulnerable patient population. Understanding the pathophysiological role of CMV in the context of COVID-19 and exploring the advantages of antiviral treatment are crucial for optimizing care in critically ill patients. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of available evidence, emphasizing the need for additional investigation to establish the role of CMV treatment or prophylaxis in the management of severe COVID-19 and to develop a framework for future research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasiliki Moustaka
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Polyzou
- Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Panagiota Almyroudi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital ATTIKON, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - George Dimopoulos
- 3rd Department of Critical Care, EVGENIDIO Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Karolina Akinosoglou
- Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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