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[Chronic venous leg ulcers in association with postthrombotic syndrome in an XYY patient with a history of estrogen therapy]. DERMATOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 74:360-363. [PMID: 36799996 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-023-05115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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2
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Missing from the Narrative: A Seven-Decade Scoping Review of the Inclusion of Black Autistic Women and Girls in Autism Research. Behav Anal Pract 2021; 15:1093-1105. [PMID: 36605161 PMCID: PMC9745006 DOI: 10.1007/s40617-021-00654-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The intersectional experiences of Black autistic women and girls (BAWG) are missing from medical and educational research on autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Understanding the intersectional experiences of BAWG is important due to the rising prevalence of autism in Black children and girls (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2020) and the concurrent lack of availability of culturally relevant autism-related interventions (Maenner et al., 2020; West et al., 2016). Intersectionality is the study of the overlapping discrimination produced by systems of oppression (Collins, 2019; Crenshaw, 1989, 1991) and allows the researcher to simultaneously address race and disability in special education (Artiles, 2013). In this scoping review, the authors used the PRISMA-ScR checklist (Tricco et al., 2018) and Arskey and O'Malley's (2005) framework to investigate the degree to which autism-related research (ARR) has included the intersectional experiences of BAWG. Utilizing narrative synthesis, strengths and gaps across the current body of literature are identified in order to set new directions for intersectional ARR. Overall, the authors found that across a 77-year period, three studies foregrounded BAWG and none addressed intersectionality as measured through criteria advanced by García and Ortiz (2013). These results reveal the scholarly neglect BAWG face in ARR, discourse, policy, and practice. A future agenda including research, practice, and policy priorities is identified and discussed.
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Cognitive Profile, Emotional-Behavioral Features, and Parental Stress in Boys With 47,XYY Syndrome. Cogn Behav Neurol 2020; 32:87-94. [PMID: 31205122 DOI: 10.1097/wnn.0000000000000193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe (a) the observed cognitive, emotional, and behavioral phenotype in a cohort of male children with 47,XYY syndrome and (b) stress levels in their parents. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional observational study of 11 boys diagnosed with 47,XYY syndrome and compared them with 11 age-matched boys with normal karyotype (46,XY). The participants performed standardized assessments of cognitive function, emotional state, and behavioral features; the parents completed a questionnaire evaluating parental stress. All data were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric statistical methods. RESULTS All of the boys exhibited a normal cognitive profile. However, emotional-behavioral profiling revealed that internalizing and externalizing problems were more prevalent in the 47,XYY group. In addition, the stress levels of the parents of the 47,XYY group were reportedly higher than those of the parents of the 46,XY group. We also found that the time of the diagnosis had an effect on the mothers' stress levels; that is, postnatal fetal 47,XYY diagnosis was associated with higher maternal stress, whereas prenatal fetal 47,XYY diagnosis was not. CONCLUSIONS Generally, 47,XYY syndrome is associated with certain cognitive, emotional, and behavioral features. High stress levels have been reported by the mothers of 47,XYY boys who had been diagnosed postnatally because of unexpected developmental delay and/or learning difficulties. The present study highlights the need to better define the neuropsychiatric phenotype of 47,XYY children; namely, the effect of the chromosomal abnormality on their cognitive function and emotional-behavioral (internalizing and externalizing) features. This study could improve prenatal counseling and pediatric surveillance.
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Liu X, Tang D, Zheng F, Xu Y, Guo H, Zhou J, Lin L, Xie J, Ou M, Dai Y. Single-Cell Sequencing Reveals the Relationship between Phenotypes and Genotypes of Klinefelter Syndrome. Cytogenet Genome Res 2019; 159:55-65. [PMID: 31630146 DOI: 10.1159/000503737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is one of the most common congenital disorders of male infertility. Given its high heterogeneity in clinical and genetic presentation, the relationship between transcriptome, clinical phenotype, and associated co-morbidities seen in KS has not been fully clarified. Here, we report a 47,XXY Chinese male with infertility and analyzed the differences in gene expression patterns of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with regard to a Chinese male and a female control with normal karyotype by single-cell sequencing. A total of 24,439 cells were analyzed and divided into 5 immune cell types (including B cells, T cells, macrophage cells, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells) according to marker genes. Using unsupervised dimensionality reduction and clustering algorithms, we identified molecularly distinct subpopulations of cells between the KS patient and both controls. Gene ontology enrichment analyses yielded terms associated with well-known comorbidities seen in KS as well as an affected immune system and type I diabetes mellitus. Based on our data, we identified several candidate genes which may be implicated in regulating the phenotype of KS. Overall, this analysis provides a comprehensive map of the cell types of PBMCs in a KS patient at the single-cell level, which will contribute to the prevention of comorbidity and improvement of the life quality of KS patients.
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Ross JL, Bloy L, Roberts TP, Miller J, Xing C, Silverman L, Zinn AR. Y chromosome gene copy number and lack of autism phenotype in a male with an isodicentric Y chromosome and absent NLGN4Y expression. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2019; 180:471-482. [PMID: 31161682 PMCID: PMC6730649 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We describe a unique male with a dicentric Y chromosome whose phenotype was compared to that of males with 47,XYY (XYY). The male Y-chromosome aneuploidy XYY is associated with physical, behavioral/cognitive phenotypes, and autism spectrum disorders. We hypothesize that increased risk for these phenotypes is caused by increased copy number/overexpression of Y-encoded genes. Specifically, an extra copy of the neuroligin gene NLGN4Y might elevate the risk of autism in boys with XYY. We present a unique male with the karyotype 46,X,idic(Y)(q11.22), which includes duplication of the Y short arm and proximal long arm and deletion of the distal long arm, evaluated his physical, behavioral/cognitive, and neuroimaging/magnetoencephalography (MEG) phenotypes, and measured blood RNA expression of Y genes. The proband had tall stature and cognitive function within the typical range, without autism features. His blood RNA showed twofold increase in expression of Yp genes versus XY controls, and absent expression of deleted Yq genes, including NLGN4Y. The M100 latencies were similar to findings in typically developing males. In summary, the proband had overexpression of a subset of Yp genes, absent NLGN4Y expression, without ASD findings or XYY-MEG latency findings. These results are consistent with a role for NLGN4Y overexpression in the etiology of behavioral phenotypes associated with XYY. Further investigation of NLGN4Y as an ASD risk gene in XYY is warranted. The genotype and phenotype(s) of this subject may also provide insight into how Y chromosome genes contribute to normal male development and the male predominance in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith L. Ross
- Department of Pediatrics, Nemours DuPont Hospital for Children, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Luke Bloy
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 19104
| | - Timothy P.L. Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 19104
| | - Judith Miller
- CHOP Center for Autism Research, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19146
| | - Chao Xing
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390,Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390,Department of Population and Data Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390
| | | | - Andrew R. Zinn
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390,Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390
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Joseph L, Farmer C, Chlebowski C, Henry L, Fish A, Mankiw C, Xenophontos A, Clasen L, Sauls B, Seidlitz J, Blumenthal J, Torres E, Thurm A, Raznahan A. Characterization of autism spectrum disorder and neurodevelopmental profiles in youth with XYY syndrome. J Neurodev Disord 2018; 10:30. [PMID: 30348076 PMCID: PMC6198503 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-018-9248-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND XYY syndrome is a sex chromosome aneuploidy that occurs in ~ 1/850 male births and is associated with increased risk for neurodevelopmental difficulties. However, the profile of neurodevelopmental impairments, including symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in XYY remains poorly understood. This gap in knowledge has persisted in part due to lack of access to patient cohorts with dense and homogeneous phenotypic data. METHODS We evaluated a single-center cohort of 64 individuals with XYY aged 5-25 years, using a standardized battery of cognitive and behavioral assessments spanning developmental milestones, IQ, adaptive behavior, academic achievement, behavioral problems, and gold-standard diagnostic instruments for ASD. Our goals were to (i) detail the neurodevelopmental profile of XYY with a focus on ASD diagnostic rates and symptom profiles, (ii) screen phenotypes for potential ascertainment bias effects by contrasting pre- vs. postnatally diagnosed XYY subgroups, and (iii) define major modules of phenotypic variation using graph-theoretical analysis. RESULTS Although there was marked inter-individual variability, the average profile was characterized by some degree of developmental delay, and decreased IQ and adaptive behavior. Impairments were most pronounced for language and socio-communicative functioning. The rate of ASD was 14%, and these individuals exhibited autism symptom profiles resembling those observed in ASD without XYY. Most neurodevelopmental dimensions showed milder impairment among pre- vs. postnatally diagnosed individuals, with clinically meaningful differences in verbal IQ. Feature network analysis revealed three reliably separable modules comprising (i) cognition and academic achievement, (ii) broad domain psychopathology and adaptive behavior, and (iii) ASD-related features. CONCLUSIONS By adding granularity to our understanding of neurodevelopmental difficulties in XYY, these findings assist targeted clinical assessment of newly identified cases, motivate greater provision of specialized multidisciplinary support, and inform future efforts to integrate behavioral phenotypes in XYY with neurobiology. TRIAL REGISTRATIONS ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00001246 , "89-M-0006: Brain Imaging of Childhood Onset Psychiatric Disorders, Endocrine Disorders and Healthy Controls."
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Joseph
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cristan Farmer
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Colby Chlebowski
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura Henry
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ari Fish
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Catherine Mankiw
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anastasia Xenophontos
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Liv Clasen
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bethany Sauls
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jakob Seidlitz
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Blumenthal
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erin Torres
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Audrey Thurm
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Armin Raznahan
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Genes and Pathways Regulated by Androgens in Human Neural Cells, Potential Candidates for the Male Excess in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:239-252. [PMID: 29428674 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to androgens during brain development in male individuals may participate to increase their susceptibility to develop neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability. However, little is known about the action of androgens in human neural cells. METHODS We used human neural stem cells differentiated from embryonic stem cells to investigate targets of androgens. RESULTS RNA sequencing revealed that treatment with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) leads to subtle but significant changes in the expression of about 200 genes, encoding proteins of extracellular matrix or involved in signal transduction of growth factors (e.g., insulin/insulin growth factor 1). We showed that the most differentially expressed genes (DEGs), RGCC, RNF144B, NRCAM, TRIM22, FAM107A, IGFBP5, and LAMA2, are reproducibly regulated by different androgens in different genetic backgrounds. We showed, by overexpressing the androgen receptor in neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y or knocking it down in human neural stem cells, that this regulation involves the androgen receptor. A chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with direct sequencing analysis identified androgen receptor-bound sequences in nearly half of the DHT-DEGs and in numerous other genes. DHT-DEGs appear enriched in genes involved in ASD (ASXL3, NLGN4X, etc.), associated with ASD (NRCAM), or differentially expressed in patients with ASD (FAM107A, IGFBP5). Androgens increase human neural stem cell proliferation and survival in nutrient-deprived culture conditions, with no detectable effect on regulation of neurite outgrowth. CONCLUSIONS We characterized androgen action in neural progenitor cells, identifying DHT-DEGs that appear to be enriched in genes related to ASD. We also showed that androgens increase proliferation of neuronal precursors and protect them from death during their differentiation in nutrient-deprived conditions.
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Singer A, Maya I, Koifman A, Nasser Samra N, Baris HN, Falik-Zaccai T, Ben Shachar S, Sagi-Dain L. Microarray analysis in pregnancies with isolated echogenic bowel. Early Hum Dev 2018. [PMID: 29522884 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fetal echogenic bowel is a frequent sonographic finding, demonstrated in about 1% of pregnancies. The advised evaluation of fetal echogenic bowel includes maternal serology, genetic testing for cystic fibrosis, detailed sonographic anatomic survey, and invasive prenatal testing for fetal chromosomal aberrations. The objective of our study was to evaluate the risk for clinically significant chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) findings in pregnancies with isolated echogenic bowel. METHODS Data from all CMA analyses performed due to isolated echogenic bowel reported to the Israeli Ministry of Health between January 2013 and September 2016 were retrospectively obtained. Risk estimation was performed comparing the rate of abnormal microarray findings to the control population, based on a systematic review of 9272 pregnancies and a large local cohort of 5541 fetuses with normal ultrasound, undergoing CMA testing due to maternal request. RESULTS Of 103 CMA analyses performed due to isolated echogenic bowel, two (1.94%) pathogenic findings were detected (47,XYY and 16p11.2 duplication). This risk was not significantly elevated compared to the control groups. In addition, three variants of unknown significance were demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS To our best knowledge, our study is the first report describing the rate of clinically significant copy number variants in pregnancies with isolated echogenic bowel. According to our results, it seems that pregnancies with isolated echogenic bowel do not have an increased risk for abnormal CMA compared to fetuses with no evidence of sonographic anomalies. Our findings suggest that the consideration to perform CMA analysis in such pregnancies should not differ from any pregnancy with normal ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amihood Singer
- Community Genetics, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Idit Maya
- Recanati Genetics Institute, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Arie Koifman
- Genetics Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Hagit N Baris
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, and the Technion, - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tzipora Falik-Zaccai
- Institute of Human Genetics, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, The Galilee Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan, Israel
| | - Shay Ben Shachar
- Genetic Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lena Sagi-Dain
- Genetics Institute, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
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Zhang X, Yang J, Li Y, Ma X, Li R. Sex chromosome abnormalities and psychiatric diseases. Oncotarget 2018; 8:3969-3979. [PMID: 27992373 PMCID: PMC5354807 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Excesses of sex chromosome abnormalities in patients with psychiatric diseases have recently been observed. It remains unclear whether sex chromosome abnormalities are related to sex differences in some psychiatric diseases. While studies showed evidence of susceptibility loci over many sex chromosomal regions related to various mental diseases, others demonstrated that the sex chromosome aneuploidies may be the key to exploring the pathogenesis of psychiatric disease. In this review, we will outline the current evidence on the interaction of sex chromosome abnormalities with schizophrenia, autism, ADHD and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhu Zhang
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rena Li
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing, China.,Center for Hormone Advanced Science and Education, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA
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10
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Hens K. Chromosome Screening Using Noninvasive Prenatal Testing Beyond Trisomy-21: What to Screen for and Why It Matters. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICINE AND PHILOSOPHY 2017; 43:8-21. [DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhx030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Abedi M, Salmaninejad A, Sakhinia E. Rare 48, XYYY syndrome: case report and review of the literature. Clin Case Rep 2017; 6:179-184. [PMID: 29375860 PMCID: PMC5771943 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
48, XYYY syndrome is a rare condition. A male with 32-year-old and three Y chromosomes is described. This syndrome is phenotypically similar to Klinefelter syndrome. In this patient, Semi-Klinefelter characteristics such as tall stature, teeth dysmorphology, long length of fingers, partial deformity of the joints, likewise mental health problems were obvious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abedi
- Department of Animal Science Faculty of Natural Sciences Tabriz University Tabriz Iran
| | - Arash Salmaninejad
- Drug Applied Research Center Student Research Committee Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran.,Medical Genetics Research Center Student Research Committee Department of Medical Genetics Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Ebrahim Sakhinia
- Connective Tissue Research Center Department of Medical Genetics Faculty of Medicine and Tabriz Genetic Analysis Centre (TGAC) Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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Printzlau F, Wolstencroft J, Skuse DH. Cognitive, behavioral, and neural consequences of sex chromosome aneuploidy. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:311-319. [PMID: 27870409 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The X chromosome has played a critical role in the development of sexually selected characteristics for over 300 million years, and during that time it has accumulated a disproportionate number of genes concerned with mental functions. There are relatively specific effects of X-linked genes on social cognition, language, emotional regulation, visuospatial, and numerical skills. Many human X-linked genes outside the X-Y pairing pseudoautosomal regions escape X-inactivation. Dosage differences in the expression of such genes (which constitute at least 15% of the total) are likely to play an important role in male-female neural differentiation, and in cognitive deficits and behavioral characteristics, particularly in the realm of social communication, that are associated with sex chromosome aneuploidies. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Printzlau
- Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeanne Wolstencroft
- Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - David H Skuse
- Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom
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13
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Cancemi D, Iannuzzi A, Perucatti A, Montano L, Capozzi O, Spampanato C, Ventruto ML, Urciuoli M, Iannuzzi L, Ventruto V. Duplication of Yq- and proximal Yp-arms with deletion of almost all PAR1 (including SHOX) in a young man with non-obstructive azoospermia, short stature and skeletal defects. J Appl Genet 2017; 58:481-486. [PMID: 29019057 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-017-0412-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Duplications of Yq arm (and AZF) seems to be tolerated by fertile males, while mutations, deletions, duplications or haploinsufficiency of SHOX can originate a wide range of phenotypes, including short stature and skeletal abnormalities. We report a case of non-obstructive azoospermia in a young man with short stature, skeletal anomalies, normal intelligence and hormonal parameters. This male showed a very singular Y-chromosome aberration, consisting of a duplication of Yq and proximal regions of Yp, with a deletion of almost all PAR1 in Yptel, including SHOX. CBA- and RBA-banding and FISH-mapping with telomeric, centromeric, AZF and SHOX probes were used. These results were confirmed by array CGH, which revealed the following karyotype constitution: arr [hg19] Xp22.33 or Yp11.32p11.31 (310,932-2,646,815 or 260,932-2,596,815) ×1, Yp11.2q12 (8,641,183-59,335,913) ×2. We conclude that the haploinsufficience of SHOX may be the cause of short stature and skeletal defects in the patient, while the non-obstructive azoospermia could be related to the lack of X-Y pairing during meiosis originated by the anomalous configuration of this chromosome abnormality and large deletion which occurred in Yp-PAR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Cancemi
- Ricerche e Diagnosi Genetiche Cancemi, Corso Vittorio Emanuele, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Iannuzzi
- Institute of Animal Production Systems in Mediterranean Environments (ISPAAM), Laboratory of Cytogenetics, National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Via Argine, 1085, 80147, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Perucatti
- Institute of Animal Production Systems in Mediterranean Environments (ISPAAM), Laboratory of Cytogenetics, National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Via Argine, 1085, 80147, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Montano
- Andrology Unit, Local Health Authority (ASL) Salerno, EcoFoodFertility Project Coordination Unit, Oliveto Citra, SA, Italy
| | - Oronzo Capozzi
- Department of Biology, Study University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Leopoldo Iannuzzi
- Institute of Animal Production Systems in Mediterranean Environments (ISPAAM), Laboratory of Cytogenetics, National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Via Argine, 1085, 80147, Naples, Italy.
| | - Valerio Ventruto
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics Buzzati-Traverso (IGB), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Naples, Italy
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Chen CH, Chen HI, Chien WH, Li LH, Wu YY, Chiu YN, Tsai WC, Gau SSF. High resolution analysis of rare copy number variants in patients with autism spectrum disorder from Taiwan. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11919. [PMID: 28931914 PMCID: PMC5607249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare genomic copy number variations (CNVs) (frequency <1%) contribute a part to the genetic underpinnings of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The study aimed to understand the scope of rare CNV in Taiwanese patients with ASD. We conducted a genome-wide CNV screening of 335 ASD patients (299 males, 36 females) from Taiwan using Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 and compared the incidence of rare CNV with that of 1093 control subjects (525 males, 568 females). We found a significantly increased global burden of rare CNVs in the ASD group compared to the controls as a whole or when the rare CNVs were classified by the size and types of CNV. Further analysis confirmed the presence of several rare CNVs at regions strongly associated with ASD as reported in the literature in our sample. Additionally, we detected several new private pathogenic CNVs in our samples and five patients carrying two pathogenic CNVs. Our data indicate that rare genomic CNVs contribute a part to the genetic landscape of our ASD patients. These CNVs are highly heterogeneous, and the clinical interpretation of the pathogenic CNVs of ASD is not straightforward in consideration of the incomplete penetrance, varied expressivity, and individual genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-I Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsien Chien
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Hui Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yu Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Nan Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Che Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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15
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Demily C, Poisson A, Peyroux E, Gatellier V, Nicolas A, Rigard C, Schluth-Bolard C, Sanlaville D, Rossi M. Autism spectrum disorder associated with 49,XYYYY: case report and review of the literature. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 18:9. [PMID: 28137251 PMCID: PMC5282903 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Sex chromosome aneuploidies occur in approximately one in 420 live births. The most frequent abnormalities are 45,X (Turner syndrome), 47,XXX (triple X), 47,XXY (Klinefelter syndrome), and 47,XYY. The prevalence of males with more than one extra sex chromosome (e.g. 48,XXYY or 48,XXXY) is less common. However, the literature provides little information about the cognitive and behavioural phenotype and the natural history of the disease. We report the clinical, neurocognitive, social cognitive and psychiatric characterization of a patient with 49,XYYYY syndrome. Case presentation The patient presented with a complex phenotype including a particular cognitive profile with intellectual deficiency and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with limited interests. Moreover, social anxiety disorder with selective mutism and separation anxiety disorder were observed (DSM-5 criteria, MINI Assessment). Conclusion It is now admitted that 49,XYYYY has unique medical, neurodevelopmental and behavioural characteristics. Interestingly, ASD is more common in groups with Y chromosome aneuploidy. This clinical report suggests that understanding the cognitive and social functioning of these patients may provide new insights into possible therapeutic strategies, as cognitive remediation or social cognitive training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Demily
- GénoPsy, Centre for the Diagnosis and management of genetic psychiatric disorders, Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier and EDR-Psy team (CNRS & Lyon 1-Claude Bernard University), Lyon, France.
| | - Alice Poisson
- GénoPsy, Centre for the Diagnosis and management of genetic psychiatric disorders, Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier and EDR-Psy team (CNRS & Lyon 1-Claude Bernard University), Lyon, France
| | - Elodie Peyroux
- GénoPsy, Centre for the Diagnosis and management of genetic psychiatric disorders, Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier and EDR-Psy team (CNRS & Lyon 1-Claude Bernard University), Lyon, France
| | - Valérie Gatellier
- GénoPsy, Centre for the Diagnosis and management of genetic psychiatric disorders, Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier and EDR-Psy team (CNRS & Lyon 1-Claude Bernard University), Lyon, France
| | - Alain Nicolas
- Unité Jouvet, Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | - Caroline Rigard
- GénoPsy, Centre for the Diagnosis and management of genetic psychiatric disorders, Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier and EDR-Psy team (CNRS & Lyon 1-Claude Bernard University), Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Schluth-Bolard
- Centre de référence des anomalies du développement, Service de génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, & Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Inserm U1028, UMR CNRS 5292, GENDEV Team, Lyon 1-Claude Bernard University, Bron, France
| | - Damien Sanlaville
- Centre de référence des anomalies du développement, Service de génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, & Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Inserm U1028, UMR CNRS 5292, GENDEV Team, Lyon 1-Claude Bernard University, Bron, France
| | - Massimiliano Rossi
- Centre de référence des anomalies du développement, Service de génétique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, & Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Inserm U1028, UMR CNRS 5292, GENDEV Team, Lyon 1-Claude Bernard University, Bron, France
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16
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Earhart BA, Williams ME, Zamora I, Randolph LM, Votava-Smith JK, Marcy SN. Phenotype of 7q11.23 duplication: A family clinical series. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 173:114-119. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beth A. Earhart
- USC University Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities; Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
| | - Marian E. Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, USC University Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities; University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine of USC, Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
| | - Irina Zamora
- Department of Pediatrics, USC University Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities; University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine of USC, Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
| | - Linda Marie Randolph
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics; University of Southern California, Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
| | - Jodie K. Votava-Smith
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics; University of Southern California, Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
| | - Stephanie N. Marcy
- Department of Pediatrics, USC University Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities; University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine of USC, Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
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17
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Rau RE, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Arland L, Carroll WL, Winick NJ, Raetz EA, Loh ML, Yang W, Relling MV, Dai Y, Devidas M, Hunger SP. Klinefelter syndrome and 47,XYY syndrome in children with B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2016; 179:843-846. [PMID: 27434379 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Rau
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Andrew J Carroll
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Nyla A Heerema
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner School of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Lesley Arland
- Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - William L Carroll
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Naomi J Winick
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Mignon L Loh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Wenjian Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Mary V Relling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Yunfeng Dai
- Department of Biostatistics, Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Meenakshi Devidas
- Department of Biostatistics, Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Stephen P Hunger
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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18
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Jo WH, Jung MK, Kim KE, Chae HW, Kim DH, Kwon AR, Kim HS. XYY syndrome: a 13-year-old boy with tall stature. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2015; 20:170-3. [PMID: 26512355 PMCID: PMC4623347 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2015.20.3.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
When evaluating the underlying causes of tall stature, it is important to differentiate pathologic tall stature from familial tall stature. Various pathologic conditions leading to adult tall stature include excess growth hormone secretion, Marfan syndrome, androgen or estrogen deficiency, testicular feminization, and sex chromosome anomaly, such as Klinefelter syndrome and XYY syndrome. Men with 47,XYY syndrome can exhibit multiple phenotypes. A 13-year-old boy visited the hospital for evaluation of tall stature. The boy had no other physical abnormalities except tall stature. All biochemical and imaging studies were within the normal ranges. He was diagnosed with XYY syndrome in this chromosome study. When evaluating men with tall stature, XYY syndrome should be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Ha Jo
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mo Kyung Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Eun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duk Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Sowha Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ah Reum Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Seong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Rengaraj D, Kwon WS, Pang MG. Bioinformatics Annotation of Human Y Chromosome-Encoded Protein Pathways and Interactions. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:3503-18. [PMID: 26279084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We performed a comprehensive analysis of human Y chromosome-encoded proteins, their pathways, and their interactions using bioinformatics tools. From the NCBI annotation release 107 of human genome, we retrieved a total of 66 proteins encoded on Y chromosome. Most of the retrieved proteins were also matched with the proteins listed in the core databases of the Human Proteome Project including neXtProt, PeptideAtlas, and the Human Protein Atlas. When we examined the pathways of human Y-encoded proteins through KEGG database and Pathway Studio software, many of proteins fall into the categories related to cell signaling pathways. Using the STRING program, we found a total of 49 human Y-encoded proteins showing strong/medium interaction with each other. While using the Pathway studio software, we found that a total of 16 proteins interact with other chromosome-encoded proteins. In particular, the SRY protein interacted with 17 proteins encoded on other chromosomes. Additionally, we aligned the sequences of human Y-encoded proteins with the sequences of chimpanzee and mouse Y-encoded proteins using the NCBI BLAST program. This analysis resulted in a significant number of orthologous proteins between human, chimpanzee, and mouse. Collectively, our findings provide the scientific community with additional information on the human Y chromosome-encoded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deivendran Rengaraj
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University , Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Sung Kwon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University , Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Geol Pang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University , Anseong, Gyeonggi-Do 456-756, Republic of Korea
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20
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Ross JL, Tartaglia N, Merry DE, Dalva M, Zinn AR. Behavioral phenotypes in males with XYY and possible role of increased NLGN4Y expression in autism features. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2015; 14:137-44. [PMID: 25558953 PMCID: PMC4756915 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The male sex chromosome disorder, 47,XYY syndrome (XYY), is associated with increased risk for social-emotional difficulties, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We hypothesize that increased Y chromosome gene copy number in XYY leads to overexpression of Y-linked genes related to brain development and function, thereby increasing risk for these phenotypes. We measured expression in blood of two Y genes NLGN4Y and RPS4Y in 26 boys with XYY and 11 male controls and evaluated whether NLGN4Y expression correlates with anxiety, ADHD, depression and autistic behaviors (from questionnaires) in boys with XYY. The XYY cohort had increased risk of ASD behaviors on the social responsiveness scale (SRS) and increased attention deficits on the Conners' DSM-IV inattention and hyperactive scales. In contrast, there was no increase in reported symptoms of anxiety or depression by the XYY group. Peripheral expression of two Y genes in boys with XYY vs. typically developing controls was increased twofold in the XYY group. Results from the SRS total and autistic mannerisms scales, but not from the attention, anxiety or depression measures, correlated with peripheral expression of NLGN4Y in boys with XYY. Males with XYY have social phenotypes that include increased risk for autism-related behaviors and ADHD. Expression of NLGN4Y, a gene that may be involved in synaptic function, is increased in boys with XYY, and the level of expression correlates with overall social responsiveness and autism symptoms. Thus, further investigation of NLGN4Y as a plausible ASD risk gene in XYY is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Ross
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE
| | - N. Tartaglia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - D. E. Merry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - M. Dalva
- Department of Neuroscience, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - A. R. Zinn
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
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