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Granjo Morais C, Martins A, Ganhão S, Aguiar F, Rodrigues M, Brito I. Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis recurrence temporally associated with allergen-specific immunotherapy in a female adolescent: a case report. Reumatismo 2023; 75. [PMID: 38115774 DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2023.1594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome is the most common periodic fever syndrome in pediatric patients. It is clinically characterized by fever flares lasting 3-7 days, reappearing every 2-8 weeks with a distinctive clockwork regularity. PFAPA generally begins before 5 years of age and usually ceases 3-5 years after onset. Recurrences may be observed in adolescence and adulthood in up to 20% of cases. The authors aim to describe a case of PFAPA recurrence in adolescence temporally associated with allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT). A 16-year-old female patient was referred to the rheumatology unit due to recurrent episodes of fever one month after initiating ASIT for allergic rhinitis. These episodes occurred every 4 weeks and lasted 3 days. During these episodes, she also presented with a sore throat, tonsillar exudates, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Abortive treatment with oral prednisolone was attempted in these episodes, with complete resolution of fever after a single dose. After reviewing her medical background, she had previously experienced febrile episodes accompanied by aphthous ulcers and tonsillar exudates occurring every 7-8 weeks from age 2-7. The etiopathogenesis of PFAPA remains uncertain. Environmental triggers, particularly those with immunomodulator effects, may interfere with the immune responses responsible for PFAPA occurrence, but the mechanisms are still unclear. The authors describe the first report of the reappearance of PFAPA flares, possibly due to ASIT. Further studies are needed to fully clarify if ASIT constitutes a true environmental trigger of PFAPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Granjo Morais
- Department of Pediatrics, São João University Hospital Center, Porto.
| | - A Martins
- Department of Rheumatology, São João University Hospital Center, Porto.
| | - S Ganhão
- Pediatric and Young Adult Rheumatology Unit, São João University Hospital Center, Porto.
| | - F Aguiar
- Pediatric and Young Adult Rheumatology Unit, São João University Hospital Center, Porto.
| | - M Rodrigues
- Pediatric and Young Adult Rheumatology Unit, São João University Hospital Center, Porto.
| | - I Brito
- Pediatric and Young Adult Rheumatology Unit, São João University Hospital Center, Porto.
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Broide M, Levinsky Y, Tal R, Harel L, Shoham S, Ahmad SA, Butbul Aviel Y, Amarilyo G. Extreme Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis, Adenitis (PFAPA): a discrete group of patients. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2023; 21:93. [PMID: 37658370 PMCID: PMC10474755 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-023-00880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome is the most common periodic fever syndrome in children; by definition, episodes occur every 2 to 8 weeks. However, in a subset of our patients, we noticed a higher frequency of attacks, of less than 2 weeks, which we refer to as extreme PFAPA (ePFAPA). This group consisted of patients who were extreme upon presentation of PFAPA, and those who became extreme after initiation of abortive corticosteroid treatment. We aimed to characterize demographic and clinical features of ePFAPA, including the two groups, and to compare them to patients with non-extreme PFAPA (nPFAPA). STUDY DESIGN The medical records of 365 patients with PFAPA who attended Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel from March 2014 to April 2021 were reviewed. Patients with concomitant familial Mediterranean fever were excluded. Characteristics of the ePFAPA (including subgroups) and nPFAPA groups were compared using Wilcoxon rank sum, Pearson's chi-squared, and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS Forty-seven patients (12.9%) were identified as having ePFAPA. Among patients with ePFAPA, compared to patients with nPFAPA, the median (interquartile range) age at disease onset was earlier: 1.5 years (0.7-2.5) vs. 2.5 years (1.5-4.0), P < 0.001; and diagnosis was younger: 2.6 years (2.0-3.6) vs. 4.5 years (3.0-6.2), P < 0.001. A higher proportion of patients with ePFAPA than nPFAPA were treated with colchicine prophylaxis (53% vs. 19%, P < 0.001), but symptoms and signs during flares did not differ significantly between these groups. Demographic and clinical characteristics were similar between patients with ePFAPA from presentation of PFAPA (22, 47% of those with ePFAPA) and ePFAPA from after corticosteroid treatment. CONCLUSION About half the patients categorized with ePFAPA syndrome already had extreme features upon presentation. Patients with ePFAPA compared to nPFAPA presented and were diagnosed at an earlier age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mor Broide
- Department of Pediatrics A, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.
| | - Yoel Levinsky
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rotem Tal
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liora Harel
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shoval Shoham
- Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Sabreen Abu Ahmad
- Department of Pediatrics B, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yonatan Butbul Aviel
- Pediatric Rheumatology Service, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gil Amarilyo
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Pang B, Zhao R, Peng B, Bao L, Geng Z, Li S, Xu Y, Zhou L, Guo S, Cui X, Sun J. Pharmacological effects and mechanism of Kaihoujian Throat Spray (children's type) in the treatment of pediatric acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17802. [PMID: 37539230 PMCID: PMC10395134 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Kaihoujian Throat Spray children's type (KHJSC) is a Chinese medicine prescription for treating pediatric acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis (APT). However, its relevant mechanisms remain unclear. Objective To investigate the pharmacological effects of KHJSC on APT in vitro and in vivo, and explore the possible mechanism and target proteins. Materials and methods The antiviral and antibacterial effects in vitro were evaluated by IC50 and MICs. Thirty-six Japanese white rabbits were averagely divided into control group, model group, amoxicillin group and 3 dose groups of KHJSC (720, 540 and 360 μL/kg/d). The model rabbits were injected with β-hemolytic Streptococcus solution into the tonsils for 2 consecutive days. KHJSC treatment started on the third day. The whole blood, serum, tonsil tissues and pharyngeal mucosa tissues were collected for routine blood tests, proteomic, ELISA and other tests on the sixth day. Results The IC50 of KHJSC on HCoV-229E, influenza PR8 and Ad3 were 1.99, 1.99 and 4.49 mg/mL, respectively; MICs of MDR-PA, MRSA and β-hemolytic Streptococcus were 350, 350, and 175 mg/mL. KHJSC markedly decreased the number of white blood cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and the level of IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α and MCP-1; increased the content of IL-2 and IFN-γ. Proteomic analysis and ELISA revealed that PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway were the potential mechanisms of KHJSC against APT. Discussion and conclusion These results provided the reference and scientific basis for the application of KHJSC in clinic and further mechanisms study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Ronghua Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Lei Bao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zihan Geng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shuran Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yingli Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Lirun Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiaolan Cui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
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Levinsky Y, Butbul Aviel Y, Ahmad SA, Broide M, Gendler Y, Dagan N, Gafner M, Gavra H, Kagan S, Kedar K, Natour HM, Tal R, Veres T, Amarilyo G, Harel L. PFAPA flares observed during COVID outbreak: can emotional stress trigger PFAPA attacks? A multicenter cohort study. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2022; 20:46. [PMID: 35804374 PMCID: PMC9264301 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-022-00705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is common knowledge among clinicians who treat PFAPA (Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis, Adenitis) patients that emotional stress can trigger PFAPA attacks similarly to other autoinflammatory diseases. However, it has never been proved scientifically. Our aim was to examine whether emotional stress serves as a trigger for PFAPA attacks. METHODS Patients aged 3-12 years, with active PFAPA, from two Israeli medical centers were enrolled to this study. Patient's parents were reached via phone calls in two occasions: a stressful period related to the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and a less stressful period. In both times they were asked to report occurrence of PFAPA attacks in the preceding 2 weeks. The relative stress levels of the two periods were validated by an emotional distress scale questionnaire. The significance level was set at 0.05. RESULTS Mean age was 7.28 ± 2.7 for the 99 paediatric patients enrolled in the study. Scores for the mean emotional distress questionnaire were statistically significant higher in the stressful period compared to the less stressful period (35.6 ± 8.1 vs. 32.1 ±7.7, respectively, P = 0.047). In the stressful period, 41 (38.7%) reported at least one attack during the preceding 2 weeks, compared to 24 (22.6%) in the less stressful period (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION PFAPA flares during COVID-19 outbreak are described. This study is the first to suggest that emotional stress is associated with PFAPA attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoel Levinsky
- Department of Pediatrics B, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Petach Tikva, Israel. .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Yonatan Butbul Aviel
- grid.413731.30000 0000 9950 8111Pediatric Rheumatology Service, Ruth Rappaport Children’s Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel ,grid.6451.60000000121102151The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sabreen Abu Ahmad
- grid.413731.30000 0000 9950 8111Department of Pediatrics B, Ruth Rappaport Children’s Hospital, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mor Broide
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel ,grid.414231.10000 0004 0575 3167Department of Pediatrics A, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Yulia Gendler
- grid.411434.70000 0000 9824 6981Department of Nursing, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Neta Dagan
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel ,grid.414231.10000 0004 0575 3167Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Michal Gafner
- grid.414231.10000 0004 0575 3167Department of Pediatrics B, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Petach Tikva, Israel ,grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hadar Gavra
- grid.413731.30000 0000 9950 8111Department of Pediatrics B, Ruth Rappaport Children’s Hospital, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shelly Kagan
- grid.414231.10000 0004 0575 3167Department of Pediatrics B, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Petach Tikva, Israel ,grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kfir Kedar
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel ,grid.414231.10000 0004 0575 3167Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Hamada Mohammad Natour
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel ,grid.414231.10000 0004 0575 3167Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Rotem Tal
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel ,grid.414231.10000 0004 0575 3167Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Tamar Veres
- grid.413731.30000 0000 9950 8111Department of Pediatrics B, Ruth Rappaport Children’s Hospital, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gil Amarilyo
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel ,grid.414231.10000 0004 0575 3167Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Liora Harel
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel ,grid.414231.10000 0004 0575 3167Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
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Okamoto CT, Chaves HL, Schmitz MJ. Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis syndrome in children: a brief literature review. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA 2022; 40:e2021087. [PMID: 35703722 PMCID: PMC9190469 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2022/40/2021087in] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics of the periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome. DATA SOURCE Literature review in the PubMed database by using specific descriptors to identify all articles published in the English language in the last three years; 38 articles were found. After performing selection of titles and abstract analysis, 13 out of the 38 articles were fully read. Relevant studies found in the references of the reviewed articles were also included. DATA SYNTHESIS The PFAPA syndrome (Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis and cervical Adenitis) is a medical condition grouped among the periodic fever syndromes. The etiology is uncertain, but possibly multifactorial, and its symptoms are accompanied by recurrent febrile episodes although weight and height development are preserved. It is a self-limiting disease of benign course with remission of two to three years without significant interference in the patient's overall development. Treatment consists of three pillars: interruption of febrile episodes, increase in the interval between episodes, and remission. CONCLUSIONS Despite several attempts to establish more sensitive and specific criteria, the diagnosis of PFAPA syndrome is still clinical and reached by exclusion, based on the modified Marshall's criteria. The most common pharmacological options for treatment include prednisolone and betamethasone; colchicine may be used as prophylaxis, and surgical treatment with tonsillectomy can be considered in selected cases.
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Okamoto CT, Chaves HL, Schmitz MJ. Síndrome da febre periódica, estomatite aftosa, faringite e adenite em crianças: uma breve revisão de literatura. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2022/40/2021087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as características clínicas, diagnósticas e de tratamento da síndrome de febre periódica, estomatite aftosa, faringite e adenite (PFAPA). Fontes de dados: Revisão de literatura na base de dados PubMed, feita por meio de descritores específicos para identificar todos os artigos publicados em língua inglesa nos últimos três anos. Dos 38 artigos encontrados, foram encaminhados para leitura integral 13 publicações após seleção de títulos e análise de abstract. Estudos relevantes encontrados nas referências dos artigos revisados também foram incluídos. Síntese dos dados: A PFAPA é traduzida do inglês periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis. Caracterizada por etiologia ainda incerta e possivelmente multifatorial, seus sintomas são acompanhados por episódios recorrentes de febre associados a um desenvolvimento pôndero-estatural preservado. É uma doença autolimitada de curso benigno, com remissão em dois a três anos, sem interferências significativas no desenvolvimento do paciente pediátrico. O tratamento consiste em três pilares: interrupção da crise febril, aumento do intervalo entre crises e remissão. Conclusões: Apesar de várias tentativas de estabelecer critérios atuais mais sensíveis e específicos, o diagnóstico da síndrome PFAPA ainda é clínico e de exclusão com base nos critérios de Marshall modificados. As opções farmacológicas mais utilizadas para o tratamento são a prednisolona e betametasona; colchicina pode ser utilizada como profilaxia e o tratamento cirúrgico com tonsilectomia pode ser considerado em casos selecionados.
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Al Deeb M, Alresayes S, A Mokeem S, Alhenaki AM, AlHelal A, Shafqat SS, Vohra F, Abduljabbar T. Clinical and immunological peri-implant parameters among cigarette and electronic smoking patients treated with photochemotherapy: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101800. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Rigante D, Corina L. Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome: A debate about diagnosis and treatment in children continues. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 130:109830. [PMID: 31866107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.109830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donato Rigante
- Institute of Pediatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luigi Corina
- Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Performance of axillary and rectal temperature measurement in private pediatric practice. Eur J Pediatr 2019; 178:1501-1505. [PMID: 31396691 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-019-03438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the role and reliability of axillary temperature measurements in clinical real life, axillary and rectal measurements in infants presenting in a private pediatric practice because of fever were compared. Prospectively, 169 infants (81 girls), median 9 (interquartile range 6-13) months of age, were examined at room temperature (20-24 °C). Two left and two right axillary, as well as two rectal measurements were taken with a digital thermometer and subsequently averaged. The median and interquartile range for axillary and rectal measurements were 36.9 (36.3-37.6) °C and 38.2 (37.4-38.9) °C, respectively (p < 0.0001). The limits of agreement in the Bland-Altman plots were 0.32 to 1.98 °C, with a mean bias of 1.15 °C. Axillary thermometers showed a good sensitivity for detecting rectal temperature > 38 °C (95%) but limited specificity (75%), with an area-under-the-curve of 0.95.Conclusions: Axillary readings are always lower than rectal ones, the limits of agreement are quite wide. Axillary readings can be used for screening but critical measurements should be confirmed by more reliable methods. What is Known • In infants and toddlers, temperature has been traditionally taken rectally. • Axillary measurements are better accepted and are recommended in current guidelines. What is New • Axillary temperature was always lower than rectal temperature. • The limits of agreement of axillary thermometers are wide. • Axillary thermometers have a good sensitivity but limited specificity and are therefore adequate for fever screening.
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Renko M, Lantto U, Tapiainen T. Towards better diagnostic criteria for periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and adenitis syndrome. Acta Paediatr 2019; 108:1385-1392. [PMID: 30901126 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome is the most common cause of a periodic fever in childhood. The exact pathogenesis and the aetiology of PFAPA are still unknown. METHODS We conducted a non-systematic review of published articles about PFAPA syndrome and summarised the evidence for diagnostic criteria and treatment options for PFAPA. RESULTS The first proposed diagnostic criteria for PFAPA, in addition to periodic fever, included aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis or cervical lymphadenitis in children younger than five years at the beginning of the symptoms. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and leucocyte counts increase in most patients during episodes. Recent research reveals that tonsillectomy provides an immediate and long-lasting cure for PFAPA, even in the absence of classic criteria of aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis or cervical adenitis and in children older than five years. CONCLUSION We suggest that PFAPA can be diagnosed in children with at least five regularly occurring fever episodes without any other explanation, even in the absence of aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis or cervical lymphadenitis and also in children older than five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjo Renko
- Department of Paediatrics University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Ulla Lantto
- PEDEGO Research Unit University of Oulu Oulu Finland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland
| | - Terhi Tapiainen
- PEDEGO Research Unit University of Oulu Oulu Finland
- Department of Children and Adolescents Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland
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BinShabaib M, ALHarthi SS, Akram Z, Khan J, Rahman I, Romanos GE, Javed F. Clinical periodontal status and gingival crevicular fluid cytokine profile among cigarette-smokers, electronic-cigarette users and never-smokers. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 102:212-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Miao M, Peng M, Liu B, Bai M. Effects of compound lobelia oral liquid on acute pharyngitis rabbits model. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:816-820. [PMID: 31049008 PMCID: PMC6486538 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Explore the effect of compound lobelia oral liquid on acute pharyngitis rabbits model caused by ammonium hydroxide, evaluate its curative effect. Methods Acute pharyngitis rabbit model was prepared by ammonia spray at pharyngeal. After 1 h of the last administration, score the pharyngeal tissue symptoms of rabbits under the condition of naked eyes (score according to the score criteria). Then, take blood from the marginal auricular vein for routine blood tests and serum TNF-α level measure. Take pharyngeal tissue for HE staining, and observe its pathological changes under the microscope. Results Compared with the blank group, the pharyngeal tissue symptom score and serum TNF-α level in the model group were significantly increased (P < 0.01). The results of blood routine showed that the number of white blood cells and lymphocytes in the model group increased significantly (P < 0.01), and neutrophilic granulocyte percentage decreased significantly (P < 0.01). The infiltration of inflammatory cells in the pharynx tissue was obvious and pathological changes were observed. Compared with the model group, large, middle and small doses of compound lobelia oral liquid group could reduce the scores of pharyngeal tissue symptoms in rabbits with acute pharyngitis induced by ammonia. The large and middle dose compound lobelia oral liquid group could significantly reduce serum TNF-α level and neutrophilic granulocyte percentage, significantly increase the number of white blood cells and lymphocytes (P < 0.01); The small dose compound lobelia oral liquid group could significantly reduce the number of white blood cells and lymphocytes (P < 0.01), there was an increasing tendency to neutrophils and a decreasing tendency to serum TNF-α, but no statistical significance. The large, middle and small doses of compound lobelia oral liquid group all could improve the pathological changes of pharyngeal tissue inflammatory infiltration. Conclusion Compound lobelia oral liquid has a good effect on rabbit acute pharyngitis model caused by ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsan Miao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mengfan Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Baosong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ming Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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