1
|
Mohammadian Gol T, Zahedipour F, Trosien P, Ureña-Bailén G, Kim M, Antony JS, Mezger M. Gene therapy in pediatrics - Clinical studies and approved drugs (as of 2023). Life Sci 2024; 348:122685. [PMID: 38710276 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Gene therapy in pediatrics represents a cutting-edge therapeutic strategy for treating a range of genetic disorders that manifest in childhood. Gene therapy involves the modification or correction of a mutated gene or the introduction of a functional gene into a patient's cells. In general, it is implemented through two main modalities namely ex vivo gene therapy and in vivo gene therapy. Currently, a noteworthy array of gene therapy products has received valid market authorization, with several others in various stages of the approval process. Additionally, a multitude of clinical trials are actively underway, underscoring the dynamic progress within this field. Pediatric genetic disorders in the fields of hematology, oncology, vision and hearing loss, immunodeficiencies, neurological, and metabolic disorders are areas for gene therapy interventions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution and current progress of gene therapy-based treatments in the clinic for pediatric patients. It navigates the historical milestones of gene therapies, currently approved gene therapy products by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and/or European Medicines Agency (EMA) for children, and the promising future for genetic disorders. By providing a thorough compilation of approved gene therapy drugs and published results of completed or ongoing clinical trials, this review serves as a guide for pediatric clinicians to get a quick overview of the situation of clinical studies and approved gene therapy products as of 2023.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Mohammadian Gol
- University Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics I, Hematology and Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Zahedipour
- University Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics I, Hematology and Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Paul Trosien
- University Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics I, Hematology and Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Guillermo Ureña-Bailén
- University Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics I, Hematology and Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Miso Kim
- University Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics I, Hematology and Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Justin S Antony
- University Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics I, Hematology and Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Mezger
- University Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics I, Hematology and Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fortuna V, Lima J, Oliveira GF, Oliveira YS, Getachew B, Nekhai S, Aschner M, Tizabi Y. Ferroptosis as an emerging target in sickle cell disease. Curr Res Toxicol 2024; 7:100181. [PMID: 39021403 PMCID: PMC11252799 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2024.100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited hemoglobin disorder marked by red blood cell sickling, resulting in severe anemia, painful episodes, extensive organ damage, and shortened life expectancy. In SCD, increased iron levels can trigger ferroptosis, a specific type of cell death characterized by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxide accumulation, leading to damage and organ impairments. The intricate interplay between iron, ferroptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in SCD underscores the necessity of thoroughly understanding these processes for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. This review highlights the importance of balancing the complex interactions among various factors and exploitation of the knowledge in developing novel therapeutics for this devastating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Fortuna
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, BA 40231-300, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Immunology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, BA 40231-300, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Immunology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, BA 40231-300, Brazil
| | - Gabriel F. Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Immunology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, BA 40231-300, Brazil
| | - Yasmin S. Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Immunology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, BA 40231-300, Brazil
| | - Bruk Getachew
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sergei Nekhai
- Center for Sickle Cell Disease, Departments of Microbiology and Medicine, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Giambona A, Vinciguerra M, Leto F, Cassarà F, Marchese G, Cigna V, Orlandi E, Mugavero ME, Cucinella G, Maggio A, Termini L, Makrydimas G, D’Alcamo E, Picciotto F. Prenatal Diagnosis of Cystic Fibrosis by Celocentesis. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:662. [PMID: 38927598 PMCID: PMC11203072 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Celocentesis is a new sampling tool for prenatal diagnosis available from 7 weeks in case of couples at risk for genetic diseases. In this study, we reported the feasibility of earlier prenatal diagnosis by celocentesis in four cases of cystic fibrosis and one case of cystic fibrosis and β-thalassemia co-inherited in the same fetus. Celomic fluids were aspired from the celomic cavity between 8+2 and 9+3 weeks of gestation and fetal cells were picked up by micromanipulator. Maternal DNA contamination was tested and target regions of fetal DNA containing parental pathogenetic variants of CFTR and HBB genes were amplified and sequenced. Four of the five fetuses resulted as being affected by cystic fibrosis and, in all cases, the women decided to interrupt the pregnancy. In the other case, the fetus presented a healthy carrier of cystic fibrosis. The results were confirmed in three cases on placental tissue. In one case, no abortive tissue was obtained. In the last case, the woman refused the prenatal diagnosis to confirm the celocentesis data; the pregnancy is ongoing without complications. This procedure provides prenatal diagnosis of monogenic diseases at least four weeks earlier than traditional procedures, reducing the anxiety of patients and providing the option for medical termination of the affected fetus at 8-10 weeks of gestation, which is less traumatic and safer than surgical termination in the second trimester.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Giambona
- Unit of Molecular Diagnosis of Rare Hematological Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.V.); (F.L.); (F.C.); (G.M.); (E.D.)
| | - Margherita Vinciguerra
- Unit of Molecular Diagnosis of Rare Hematological Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.V.); (F.L.); (F.C.); (G.M.); (E.D.)
| | - Filippo Leto
- Unit of Molecular Diagnosis of Rare Hematological Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.V.); (F.L.); (F.C.); (G.M.); (E.D.)
| | - Filippo Cassarà
- Unit of Molecular Diagnosis of Rare Hematological Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.V.); (F.L.); (F.C.); (G.M.); (E.D.)
| | - Giuseppe Marchese
- Unit of Molecular Diagnosis of Rare Hematological Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.V.); (F.L.); (F.C.); (G.M.); (E.D.)
| | - Valentina Cigna
- Unit of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (V.C.); (E.O.); (M.E.M.); (G.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Emanuela Orlandi
- Unit of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (V.C.); (E.O.); (M.E.M.); (G.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Maria Elena Mugavero
- Unit of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (V.C.); (E.O.); (M.E.M.); (G.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Gaspare Cucinella
- Unit of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (V.C.); (E.O.); (M.E.M.); (G.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Aurelio Maggio
- Unit of Hematology for Rare Hematological Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Lisa Termini
- Ospedale dei Bambini G. Di Cristina, ARNAS Civico, 90134 Palermo, Italy;
| | - George Makrydimas
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Elena D’Alcamo
- Unit of Molecular Diagnosis of Rare Hematological Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (M.V.); (F.L.); (F.C.); (G.M.); (E.D.)
| | - Francesco Picciotto
- Unit of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (V.C.); (E.O.); (M.E.M.); (G.C.); (F.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Laurent-Lacroix C, Vincenti M, Matecki S, Mahé P, Moulis L, De La Villeon G, Guillaumont S, Requirand A, Moreau J, Lalande M, Picot MC, Amedro P, Gavotto A. Aerobic physical capacity and health-related quality of life in children with sickle cell disease. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03143-1. [PMID: 38491141 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aerobic fitness is a predictor of cardiovascular health which correlates with health-related quality of life in the general population. The aim is to evaluate the aerobic capacity by cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in children with sickle cell disease in comparison with healthy matched controls. METHODS Controlled cross-sectional study. RESULTS A total of 72 children (24 with sickle cell disease and 48 healthy controls), aged 6-17 years old were enrolled. Children with sickle cell disease had a poor aerobic capacity, with median VO2max Z-score values significantly lower than matched controls (-3.55[-4.68; -2.02] vs. 0.25[-0.22; 0.66], P < 0.01, respectively), and a high proportion of 92% children affected by an impaired aerobic capacity (VO2max Z-score < -1.64). The VO2max decrease was associated with the level of anemia, the existence of a homozygote HbS/S mutation, restrictive lung disease and health-related quality of life. CONCLUSION Aerobic capacity is poor in children with sickle cell disease. VO2max decrease is associated with the level of anemia, the existence of a homozygote HbS/S mutation, lung function, and health-related quality of life. These results represent a signal in favor of early initiation of cardiac rehabilitation in patients with sickle cell disease. CLINICAL TRIALS NCT05995743. IMPACT Aerobic fitness is a predictor of cardiovascular health which correlates with health-related quality of life in the general population. Aerobic capacity (VO2max) is poor in children with sickle cell disease, despite the absence of any pattern of heart failure. VO2max decrease was associated with the level of anemia, the existence of a homozygote HbS/S mutation, restrictive lung disease, and health-related quality of life. These results are in favor of early initiation of cardiac rehabilitation in children with sickle cell disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Laurent-Lacroix
- Department of Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, M3C Regional Reference CHD Centre, Montpellier University Hospital, 371 Avenue du Doyen Giraud, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Vincenti
- Department of Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, M3C Regional Reference CHD Centre, Montpellier University Hospital, 371 Avenue du Doyen Giraud, 34295, Montpellier, France
- PhyMedExp, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 371 Avenue du Doyen Giraud, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Stefan Matecki
- PhyMedExp, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 371 Avenue du Doyen Giraud, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Pediatric Functional Exploration Laboratory, Physiology Department, Montpellier University Hospital, 371 Avenue du Doyen Giraud, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Perrine Mahé
- Pediatric Department, Montpellier University Hospital, 371 Avenue du Doyen Giraud, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Reference Center on Rare Red Cell Disorders, Montpellier University Hospital, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Lionel Moulis
- Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit, Montpellier University Hospital, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Gregoire De La Villeon
- Department of Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, M3C Regional Reference CHD Centre, Montpellier University Hospital, 371 Avenue du Doyen Giraud, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Pediatric Cardiology and Rehabilitation Unit, St-Pierre Institute, 371 Avenue de l'Évêché de Maguelone, 34250, Palavas-Les-Flots, France
| | - Sophie Guillaumont
- Department of Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, M3C Regional Reference CHD Centre, Montpellier University Hospital, 371 Avenue du Doyen Giraud, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Pediatric Cardiology and Rehabilitation Unit, St-Pierre Institute, 371 Avenue de l'Évêché de Maguelone, 34250, Palavas-Les-Flots, France
| | - Anne Requirand
- Pediatric Functional Exploration Laboratory, Physiology Department, Montpellier University Hospital, 371 Avenue du Doyen Giraud, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Johan Moreau
- Pediatric Functional Exploration Laboratory, Physiology Department, Montpellier University Hospital, 371 Avenue du Doyen Giraud, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Montpellier University Hospital, 371 Avenue du Doyen Giraud, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Muriel Lalande
- Pediatric Department, Montpellier University Hospital, 371 Avenue du Doyen Giraud, 34295, Montpellier, France
- Reference Center on Rare Red Cell Disorders, Montpellier University Hospital, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Christine Picot
- Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit, Montpellier University Hospital, 34000, Montpellier, France
- Clinical Investigation Centre, INSERM-CIC 1411, University of Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Amedro
- Department of Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, M3C National Reference Centre, Bordeaux University Hospital, 1 Avenue Magellan, 33604, Pessac, France
- IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modelling Institute, INSERM 1045, Bordeaux University Foundation, Avenue du Haut Lévêque, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Arthur Gavotto
- PhyMedExp, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 371 Avenue du Doyen Giraud, 34295, Montpellier, France.
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital, 371 Avenue du Doyen Giraud, 34295, Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bischof J, Hierl M, Koller U. Emerging Gene Therapeutics for Epidermolysis Bullosa under Development. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2243. [PMID: 38396920 PMCID: PMC10889532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The monogenetic disease epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is characterised by the formation of extended blisters and lesions on the patient's skin upon minimal mechanical stress. Causal for this severe condition are genetic mutations in genes, leading to the functional impairment, reduction, or absence of the encoded protein within the skin's basement membrane zone connecting the epidermis to the underlying dermis. The major burden of affected families justifies the development of long-lasting and curative therapies operating at the genomic level. The landscape of causal therapies for EB is steadily expanding due to recent breakthroughs in the gene therapy field, providing promising outcomes for patients suffering from this severe disease. Currently, two gene therapeutic approaches show promise for EB. The clinically more advanced gene replacement strategy was successfully applied in severe EB forms, leading to a ground-breaking in vivo gene therapy product named beremagene geperpavec (B-VEC) recently approved from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In addition, the continuous innovations in both designer nucleases and gene editing technologies enable the efficient and potentially safe repair of mutations in EB in a potentially permanent manner, inspiring researchers in the field to define and reach new milestones in the therapy of EB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Bischof
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (J.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Markus Hierl
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (J.B.); (M.H.)
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ulrich Koller
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (J.B.); (M.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fattizzo B, Capecchi M, Motta I. Drug Design and Development for Rare Hematologic Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1469. [PMID: 37895940 PMCID: PMC10609818 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The last decade has seen an exponential increase in therapeutic options for rare hematologic diseases [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fattizzo
- SC Ematologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Capecchi
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Division of Hematology, Clinica Moncucco, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Irene Motta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Unit of Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mulas O, Efficace F, Orofino MG, Piroddi A, Piras E, Vacca A, Barella S, Costa A, Giesinger JM, La Nasa G, Caocci G. Health-Related Quality-of-Life Profile of Pediatric Patients with β Thalassemia after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6047. [PMID: 37762987 PMCID: PMC10532003 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12186047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Matched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a feasible and curative treatment in pediatric patients with beta thalassemia major (β-TM). However, little data are available regarding patients and their parents' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after the procedure. As such, we investigated the HRQoL of pediatric patients with β-TM after HSCT compared to that of patients treated with blood transfusions and iron chelation. The health-related quality of life of 43 β-TM pediatric patients and 43 parents were evaluated using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). A total of 25 patients underwent HSCT: 15 from a sibling and 10 from an HLA-matched donor. The median follow-up time from HSCT was 5 years (range 1-13 years). The mean ages at the survey were 10.1 years (range 5-15) and 9.6 years (range 5-15) for transfused and transplanted patients, respectively. A significant reduction in HRQoL was reported in the group of transfused patients compared with that of patients transplanted in the following PedsQL domains: children's and parents' physical functions, Δ = -15.4, p = 0.009 and Δ = -11.3, p = 0.002, respectively; children's and parents' emotional functioning, Δ = -15.2, p = 0.026 and Δ = -15.2, p = 0.045, respectively; child's and parents' school functioning, Δ = -25, p = 0.005 and Δ = -22.5, p = 0.011, respectively; total child and parents scores, Δ = -14.5, p = 0.004 and Δ = -13.2, p = 0.005, respectively. The results of a multivariable analysis showed that the HSCT procedure was significantly associated with a higher total child PedsQL score (adjusted mean difference = 15.3, p = 0.001) and a higher total parent PedsQL score (adjusted mean difference = 14.1, p = 0.006). We found no significant difference in the HRQoL measured after sibling or unrelated human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched HSCT. Finally, a significant positive correlation across all the PedsQL domains was found between the scores reported by the children and those reported by their parents. In conclusion, our study shows that HSCT in pediatric patients with β-TM is associated with a good overall HRQoL profile. This information further supports physicians when counseling patients and their parents before the HSCT procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Mulas
- Hematology Unit, Businco Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (O.M.); (G.L.N.)
| | - Fabio Efficace
- Health Outcomes Research Unit, Italian Group for Adult Hematologic Diseases (GIMEMA) Data Center, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Grazia Orofino
- Bone Marrow Transplant Center, Pediatric Hospital “Microcitemico A. Cao”, 09121 Cagliari, Italy; (M.G.O.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonio Piroddi
- Bone Marrow Transplant Center, Pediatric Hospital “Microcitemico A. Cao”, 09121 Cagliari, Italy; (M.G.O.); (A.P.)
| | - Eugenia Piras
- Hematology Unit, Businco Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (O.M.); (G.L.N.)
| | - Adriana Vacca
- Hematology Unit, Businco Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (O.M.); (G.L.N.)
| | - Susanna Barella
- Pediatric Clinic, Thalassemia and Rare Diseases, Pediatric Hospital “Microcitemico A. Cao”, 09121 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Costa
- Hematology Unit, Businco Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (O.M.); (G.L.N.)
| | - Johannes M. Giesinger
- University Hospital of Psychiatry II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Giorgio La Nasa
- Hematology Unit, Businco Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (O.M.); (G.L.N.)
| | - Giovanni Caocci
- Hematology Unit, Businco Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (O.M.); (G.L.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hryhorowicz M, Lipiński D, Zeyland J. Evolution of CRISPR/Cas Systems for Precise Genome Editing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14233. [PMID: 37762535 PMCID: PMC10532350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacteria-derived CRISPR/Cas (an acronym for regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein) system is currently the most widely used, versatile, and convenient tool for genome engineering. CRISPR/Cas-based technologies have been applied to disease modeling, gene therapies, transcriptional modulation, and diagnostics. Nevertheless, some challenges remain, such as the risk of immunological reactions or off-target effects. To overcome these problems, many new methods and CRISPR/Cas-based tools have been developed. In this review, we describe the current classification of CRISPR systems and new precise genome-editing technologies, summarize the latest applications of this technique in several fields of research, and, finally, discuss CRISPR/Cas system limitations, ethical issues, and challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Hryhorowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland; (D.L.); (J.Z.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Silao CLT, Latiff ZA, Kountouris P, Zilfalil BA. Editorial: Insights in thalassemia: from genomics to clinical practice. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1222946. [PMID: 37520048 PMCID: PMC10381938 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1222946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Lynn T. Silao
- Institute of Human Genetics, National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Zarina Abdul Latiff
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Petros Kountouris
- Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Bin Alwi Zilfalil
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|