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Mishra S, Kanetkar SR, Datkhile KD. Expression of caveolin 1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2024; 28:200-204. [PMID: 39157842 PMCID: PMC11329077 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_310_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Caveolin-1 is a surface protein that is a major structural component of caveolae, which are vesicles of the plasma membrane integral to a variety of signal transduction molecules and transport functions. Caveolin-1 is a biomarker undergoing research & studies have shown an increased expression of Cav-1 in the stepwise carcinogenesis from the normal oral mucosa, hyperplastic mucosa, dysplastic mucosa, precancerous lesions to Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. In the present study Correlation between Caveolin-1 expression and grade of tumor was established statistically. Aims To study immunohistochemical expression of Caveolin-1 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Settings and Design Cross sectional study carried out in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods A total of 90 cases of histopathologically diagnosed oral squamous cell carcinoma was evaluated. Grading of the cases into well, moderate and poorly differentiated carcinomas was done as per WHO guidelines . Margin and lymph node status were evaluated. Anti- Caveolin-1 antibody (E249)- Caveolae marker ab32577 was used in the dilution of 1:100. Results were expressed taking reference of the methodology used by Hung et al 2003. Statistical Analysis Used Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 25.0). Results Correlation of tumor grade and lymph node metastasis was statistically significant p=0.0006. There was a significant statistical correlation between tumor grade and immunohistochemical expression of Caveolin-1, p- value=0.00. Correlation between Lymph node metastasis and Caveolin-1 was statistically significant, p-value=0.008. Conclusions Caveolin-1 expression correlates with aggressive tumor behavior and poor prognostic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefali Mishra
- Department of Pathology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sujata R. Kanetkar
- Department of Pathology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kailas D. Datkhile
- Department of Pathology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth, Karad, Maharashtra, India
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Nascimento RB, Paiva KBS, Risteli M, Silva LHS, Rodini CO, Rodrigues MFSD, De Cicco R, Lopez RVM, Salo TA, Nunes FD, Xavier FCA. Loss of Caveolin-1 Expression in Tumor Cells is Associated with Increased Aggressiveness and Cell Invasion in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Head Neck Pathol 2023; 17:618-630. [PMID: 37233885 PMCID: PMC10513997 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-023-01562-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in Caveolin-1 (CAV-1) expression are related to tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of CAV-1 in tumor progression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tissue samples and the effect of CAV-1 silencing on two oral tongue SCC (OTSCC) cell lines (SCC-25, from a primary tumor, and HSC-3 from lymph node metastases). METHODS Mycroarray hybridization, mRNA expression, and immunohistochemistry were performed on OSCC tissue samples and corresponding non-tumoral margin tissues. The effects of CAV-1 silencing (siCAV-1) on cell viability, membrane fluidity, on the expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and on cell migration and invasion capacity of OTSCC cell lines were evaluated. RESULTS Microarray showed a greater CAV-1 expression (1.77-fold) in OSCC tumors than in non-tumoral tissues and 2.0-fold more in less aggressive OSCCs. However, significant differences in CAV-1 gene expression were not seen between tumors and non-tumoral margins nor CAV-1 with any clinicopathological parameters. CAV-1 protein was localized both in carcinoma and in spindle cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME), and CAV-1 positive TME cells were associated with smaller/more aggressive tumors, independent of the carcinoma cells' expression. Silencing of CAV-1 increased cell viability only in SCC-25 cells. It also stimulated the invasion of HSC-3 cells and increased ECAD and BCAT mRNA in these cells; however, the protein levels of the EMT markers were not affected. CONCLUSION Decreased expression of CAV-1 by tumor cells in OSCC and an increase in the TME were associated with increased cell invasiveness and tumor aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Barros Nascimento
- Laboratório de Patologia Oral Cirúrgica, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Araújo Pinho, 62, Canela, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-150, Brazil
| | - Katiúcia Batista Silva Paiva
- Laboratório de Biologia da Matriz Extracelular e Interação Celular, Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maija Risteli
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Luiz Henrique Santos Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia da Matriz Extracelular e Interação Celular, Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Oliveira Rodini
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael De Cicco
- Departamento de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Instituto de Câncer Doutor Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tuula Anneli Salo
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fábio Daumas Nunes
- Laboratório de Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Caló Aquino Xavier
- Laboratório de Patologia Oral Cirúrgica, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Araújo Pinho, 62, Canela, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-150, Brazil.
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Chan NN, Yamazaki M, Maruyama S, Abé T, Haga K, Kawaharada M, Izumi K, Kobayashi T, Tanuma JI. Cholesterol Is a Regulator of CAV1 Localization and Cell Migration in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076035. [PMID: 37047005 PMCID: PMC10093846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol plays an important role in cancer progression, as it is utilized in membrane biogenesis and cell signaling. Cholesterol-lowering drugs have exhibited tumor-suppressive effects in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), suggesting that cholesterol is also essential in OSCC pathogenesis. However, the direct effects of cholesterol on OSCC cells remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of cholesterol in OSCC with respect to caveolin-1 (CAV1), a cholesterol-binding protein involved in intracellular cholesterol transport. Cholesterol levels in OSCC cell lines were depleted using methyl-β-cyclodextrin and increased using the methyl-β-cyclodextrin-cholesterol complex. Functional analysis was performed using timelapse imaging, and CAV1 expression in cholesterol-manipulated cells was investigated using immunofluorescence and immunoblotting assays. CAV1 immunohistochemistry was performed on surgical OSCC samples. We observed that cholesterol addition induced polarized cell morphology, along with CAV1 localization at the trailing edge, and promoted cell migration. Moreover, CAV1 was upregulated in the lipid rafts and formed aggregates in the plasma membrane in cholesterol-added cells. High membranous CAV1 expression in tissue specimens was associated with OSCC recurrence. Therefore, cholesterol promotes the migration of OSCC cells by regulating cell polarity and CAV1 localization to the lipid raft. Furthermore, membranous CAV1 expression is a potential prognostic marker for OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyein Nyein Chan
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Manabu Yamazaki
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maruyama
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata 951-8520, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Abé
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Kenta Haga
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Masami Kawaharada
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Kenji Izumi
- Division of Biomimetics, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Tadaharu Kobayashi
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Tanuma
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata 951-8520, Japan
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Low JY, Laiho M. Caveolae-Associated Molecules, Tumor Stroma, and Cancer Drug Resistance: Current Findings and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030589. [PMID: 35158857 PMCID: PMC8833326 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cell membranes contain small invaginations called caveolae. They are a specialized lipid domain and orchestrate cellular signaling events, mechanoprotection, and lipid homeostasis. Formation of the caveolae depends on two classes of proteins, the caveolins and cavins, which form large complexes that allow their self-assembly into caveolae. Loss of either of these two proteins leads to distortion of the caveolae structure and disruption of many physiological processes that affect diseases of the muscle, metabolic states governing lipids, and the glucose balance as well as cancers. In cancers, the expression of caveolins and cavins is heterogenous, and they undergo alterations both in the tumors and the surrounding tumor microenvironment stromal cells. Remarkably, their expression and function has been associated with resistance to many cancer drugs. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the resistance mechanisms and how this knowledge could be applied into the clinic in future. Abstract The discovery of small, “cave-like” invaginations at the plasma membrane, called caveola, has opened up a new and exciting research area in health and diseases revolving around this cellular ultrastructure. Caveolae are rich in cholesterol and orchestrate cellular signaling events. Within caveola, the caveola-associated proteins, caveolins and cavins, are critical components for the formation of these lipid rafts, their dynamics, and cellular pathophysiology. Their alterations underlie human diseases such as lipodystrophy, muscular dystrophy, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. The expression of caveolins and cavins is modulated in tumors and in tumor stroma, and their alterations are connected with cancer progression and treatment resistance. To date, although substantial breakthroughs in cancer drug development have been made, drug resistance remains a problem leading to treatment failures and challenging translation and bench-to-bedside research. Here, we summarize the current progress in understanding cancer drug resistance in the context of caveola-associated molecules and tumor stroma and discuss how we can potentially design therapeutic avenues to target these molecules in order to overcome treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yih Low
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-410-502-9748; Fax: +1-410-502-2821
| | - Marikki Laiho
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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5
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Kamposioras K, Tsimplouli C, Verbeke C, Anthoney A, Daoukopoulou A, Papandreou CN, Sakellaridis N, Vassilopoulos G, Potamianos SP, Liakouli V, Migneco G, Del Galdo F, Dimas K. Silencing of caveolin-1 in fibroblasts as opposed to epithelial tumor cells results in increased tumor growth rate and chemoresistance in a human pancreatic cancer model. Int J Oncol 2018; 54:537-549. [PMID: 30483772 PMCID: PMC6317659 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) expression has been shown to be associated with tumor growth and resistance to chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer. The primary aim of this study was to explore the significance of Cav-1 expression in pancreatic cancer cells as compared to fibroblasts in relation to cancer cell proliferation and chemoresistance, both in vitro and in vivo, in an immunodeficient mouse model. We also aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of Cav-1 in the epithelial and stromal component of pancreatic cancer tissue specimens. The immunohistochemical staining of poorly differentiated tissue sections revealed a strong and weak Cav-1 expression in the epithelial tumor cells and stromal fibroblasts, respectively. Conversely, the well-differentiated areas were characterized by a weak epithelial Cav-1 expression. Cav-1 downregulation in cancer cells resulted in an increased proliferation in vitro; however, it had no effect on chemoresistance and growth gain in vivo. By contrast, the decreased expression of Cav-1 in fibroblasts resulted in a growth advantage and the chemo-resistance of cancer cells when they were co-injected into immunodeficient mice to develop mixed fibroblast/cancer cell xenografts. On the whole, the findings of this study suggest that the downregulation of Cav-1 in fibroblasts is associated with an increased tumor proliferation rate in vivo and chemoresistance. Further studies are warranted to explore whether the targeting of Cav-1 in the stroma may represent a novel therapeutic approach in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chrysiida Tsimplouli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Alan Anthoney
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, LS9 7TF Leeds, UK
| | - Argyro Daoukopoulou
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Christos N Papandreou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Sakellaridis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - George Vassilopoulos
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Spyros P Potamianos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Liakouli
- Scleroderma Programme, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, LMBRU, University of Leeds, LS9 7TF Leeds, UK
| | - Gemma Migneco
- Division of Oncology, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James's University Hospital Leeds, LS9 7TF Leeds, UK
| | - Francesco Del Galdo
- Scleroderma Programme, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, LMBRU, University of Leeds, LS9 7TF Leeds, UK
| | - Konstantinos Dimas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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6
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Fu P, Chen F, Pan Q, Zhao X, Zhao C, Cho WCS, Chen H. The different functions and clinical significances of caveolin-1 in human adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:819-835. [PMID: 28243118 PMCID: PMC5317307 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s123912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a major structural protein of caveolae, is an integral membrane protein which plays an important role in the progression of carcinoma. However, whether Cav-1 acts as a tumor promoter or a tumor suppressor still remains controversial. For example, the tumor-promoting function of Cav-1 has been found in renal cancer, prostate cancer, tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), lung SCC and bladder SCC. In contrast, Cav-1 also plays an inhibitory role in esophagus adenocarcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma and cutaneous SCC. The role of Cav-1 is still controversial in thyroid cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, pancreas cancer, oral SCC, laryngeal SCC, head and neck SCC, esophageal SCC and cervical SCC. Besides, it has been reported that the loss of stromal Cav-1 might predict poor prognosis in breast cancer, gastric cancer, pancreas cancer, prostate cancer, oral SCC and esophageal SCC. However, the accumulation of stromal Cav-1 has been found to be promoted by the progression of tongue SCC. Taken together, Cav-1 seems playing a different role in different cancer subtypes even of the same organ, as well as acting differently in the same cancer subtype of different organs. Thus, we hereby explore the functions of Cav-1 in human adenocarcinoma and SCC from the perspective of clinical significances and pathogenesis. We envision that novel targets may come with the further investigation of Cav-1 in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Fu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan
| | - Fuchun Chen
- Department of Thoracosurgery, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, Zhejiang
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Thoracosurgery, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, Zhejiang
| | - Xianda Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan
| | | | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan; Department of Pathology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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7
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Kikuchi M, Yamashita K, Waraya M, Minatani N, Ushiku H, Kojo K, Ema A, Kosaka Y, Katoh H, Sengoku N, Enomoto T, Tanino H, Sawanobori M, Watanabe M. Epigenetic regulation of ZEB1-RAB25/ESRP1 axis plays a critical role in phenylbutyrate treatment-resistant breast cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:1741-53. [PMID: 26646320 PMCID: PMC4811494 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenylbutyrate (PB) is a histone deacetylase antagonist that also exhibits antitumor activity. In this study, we used 7 breast cancer cell lines to identify biomarker candidates that predict PB sensitivity in breast cancer. Comprehensive gene expression profiles were compared using microarrays, and the importance of the identified genes to PB sensitivity was confirmed in gene transfection experiments. CRL and MDAMB453 cells were identified as PB-sensitive, while MDAMB231 cells were PB-resistant.RAB25 and ESRP1 were identified as key regulators of PB sensitivity, while ANKD1, ETS1, PTRF, IFI16 and KIAA1199 acted as PB resistance-related genes. Expression of these genes was dramatically altered by DNA demethylation treatments. RAB25 expression inhibited IFI16 and PTRF, while ESRP1 expression suppressed ANKRD1, ETS1, and KIAA1199. Both RAB25 and ESRP1 were suppressed by ZEB1, which was in turn regulated via epigenetic mechanisms. Thus, PB sensitivity is influenced by epigenetic expression alteration of ZEB1. The genes associated with PB sensitivity are downstream targets of ZEB1. Epigenetic regulation of ZEB1 may prove valuable as a critical biomarker for predicting resistance to breast cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Kikuchi
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keishi Yamashita
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.,Epigenetic Treatment Research Group, Japan
| | - Mina Waraya
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoko Minatani
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Ushiku
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ken Kojo
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Ema
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Kosaka
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katoh
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Norihiko Sengoku
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takumo Enomoto
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tanino
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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8
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McEvoy LM, O'Toole SA, Spillane CD, Martin CM, Gallagher MF, Stordal B, Blackshields G, Sheils O, O'Leary JJ. Identifying novel hypoxia-associated markers of chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2015. [PMID: 26205780 PMCID: PMC4513971 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is associated with poor long-term survival due to late diagnosis and development of chemoresistance. Tumour hypoxia is associated with many features of tumour aggressiveness including increased cellular proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, increased invasion and metastasis, and chemoresistance, mostly mediated through hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. While HIF-1α has been associated with platinum resistance in a variety of cancers, including ovarian, relatively little is known about the importance of the duration of hypoxia. Similarly, the gene pathways activated in ovarian cancer which cause chemoresistance as a result of hypoxia are poorly understood. This study aimed to firstly investigate the effect of hypoxia duration on resistance to cisplatin in an ovarian cancer chemoresistance cell line model and to identify genes whose expression was associated with hypoxia-induced chemoresistance. Methods Cisplatin-sensitive (A2780) and cisplatin-resistant (A2780cis) ovarian cancer cell lines were exposed to various combinations of hypoxia and/or chemotherapeutic drugs as part of a ‘hypoxia matrix’ designed to cover clinically relevant scenarios in terms of tumour hypoxia. Response to cisplatin was measured by the MTT assay. RNA was extracted from cells treated as part of the hypoxia matrix and interrogated on Affymetrix Human Gene ST 1.0 arrays. Differential gene expression analysis was performed for cells exposed to hypoxia and/or cisplatin. From this, four potential markers of chemoresistance were selected for evaluation in a cohort of ovarian tumour samples by RT-PCR. Results Hypoxia increased resistance to cisplatin in A2780 and A2780cis cells. A plethora of genes were differentially expressed in cells exposed to hypoxia and cisplatin which could be associated with chemoresistance. In ovarian tumour samples, we found trends for upregulation of ANGPTL4 in partial responders and down-regulation in non-responders compared with responders to chemotherapy; down-regulation of HER3 in partial and non-responders compared to responders; and down-regulation of HIF-1α in non-responders compared with responders. Conclusion This study has further characterized the relationship between hypoxia and chemoresistance in an ovarian cancer model. We have also identified many potential biomarkers of hypoxia and platinum resistance and provided an initial validation of a subset of these markers in ovarian cancer tissues. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1539-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda M McEvoy
- Department of Histopathology TCD, Sir Patrick Dun's Laboratory, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Sharon A O'Toole
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Cathy D Spillane
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Coombe Women and Infants' University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Cara M Martin
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Coombe Women and Infants' University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Michael F Gallagher
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Coombe Women and Infants' University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Britta Stordal
- Department of Histopathology TCD, Sir Patrick Dun's Laboratory, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Gordon Blackshields
- Department of Histopathology TCD, Sir Patrick Dun's Laboratory, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Orla Sheils
- Department of Histopathology TCD, Sir Patrick Dun's Laboratory, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology TCD, Sir Patrick Dun's Laboratory, Central Pathology Laboratory, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland. .,Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Coombe Women and Infants' University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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9
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Vered M, Lehtonen M, Hotakainen L, Pirilä E, Teppo S, Nyberg P, Sormunen R, Zlotogorski-Hurvitz A, Salo T, Dayan D. Caveolin-1 accumulation in the tongue cancer tumor microenvironment is significantly associated with poor prognosis: an in-vivo and in-vitro study. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:25. [PMID: 25633184 PMCID: PMC4318139 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caveolin-1 (CAV1) may be upregulated by hypoxia and acts in a tumor-dependent manner. We investigated CAV1 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) and its association with clinical outcomes, and studied in vitro possible ways for CAV1 accumulation in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Methods TSCC cases (N = 64) were immunohistochemically stained for CAV1. Scores were separately assessed in the tumor and TME and plotted for association with recurrence and survival (univariate analysis with log-rank test). In vitro studies were performed on a 3D myoma organotypic model, a mimicker of TME. Prior to monoculturing HSC-3 tongue cancer cells, the model underwent modifications in oxygenation level (1%O2 hypoxia to upregulate CAV1) and/or in the amount of natural soluble factors [deleted by 14-day rinsing (rinsed myoma, RM), to allow only HSC-3-derived factors to act]. Controls included normoxia (21%O2) and naturally occurring soluble factors (intact myoma, IM). HSC-3 cells were also co-cultured with CaDEC12 cells (fibroblasts exposed to human tongue cancer). CAV1 expression and cellular distribution were examined in different cellular components in hypoxic and rinsed myoma assays. Twist served as a marker for the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Exosomes isolated from HSC-3 media were investigated for containing CAV1. Results Expression of CAV1 in TSCC had a higher score in TME than in the tumor cells and a negative impact on recurrence (p = 0.01) and survival (p = 0.003). Monocultures of HSC-3 revealed expression of CAV1 mainly in the TME-like myoma assay, similar to TSCC. CAV1+, alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) + and Twist + CAF-like cells were observed surrounding the invading HSC-3, possibly reflecting EMT. RM findings were similar to IM, inferring action of HSC-3 derived factors, and no differences were seen when hypoxia was induced. HSC-3-CaDEC12 co-cultures revealed CAV1+, αSMA+ and cytokeratin-negative CAF-like cells, raising the possibility of CaDEC12 cells gaining a CAF phenotype. HSC-3-derived exosomes were loaded with CAV1. Conclusions Accumulation of CAV1-TME in TSCC had a negative prognostic value. In vitro studies showed the presence of CAV1 in cancer cells undergoing EMT and in fibroblasts undergoing trans-differentiation to CAFs. CAV1 delivery to the TME involved cancer cell-derived exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Vered
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel. .,Institute of Pathology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
| | - Meri Lehtonen
- Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Lari Hotakainen
- Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Emma Pirilä
- Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Susanna Teppo
- Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Pia Nyberg
- Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Raija Sormunen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Medical Research Center, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Ayelet Zlotogorski-Hurvitz
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. .,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Medical Research Center, Oulu, Finland. .,Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Dan Dayan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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Routray S. Caveolin-1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment: an overview. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9487-95. [PMID: 25123270 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2482-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of oncogenic cell transformation, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. Increased expression of caveolin-1 in an array of tumors has confirmed its value in prognosis. It has been established that oxidative stress is the main cause for loss of stromal caveolin-1 via autophagy in the tumor microenvironment. In this overview, we attempt to abridge the relationship between caveolin-1 and oral squamous cell carcinoma, taking all the established theories into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samapika Routray
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, SOA University, Ghatikia, Sector 8, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India,
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11
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Quann K, Gonzales DM, Mercier I, Wang C, Sotgia F, Pestell RG, Lisanti MP, Jasmin JF. Caveolin-1 is a negative regulator of tumor growth in glioblastoma and modulates chemosensitivity to temozolomide. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:1510-20. [PMID: 23598719 PMCID: PMC3680531 DOI: 10.4161/cc.24497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a critical regulator of tumor progression in a variety of cancers where it has been shown to act as either a tumor suppressor or tumor promoter. In glioblastoma multiforme, it has been previously demonstrated to function as a putative tumor suppressor. Our studies here, using the human glioblastoma-derived cell line U-87MG, further support the role of Cav-1 as a negative regulator of tumor growth. Using a lentiviral transduction approach, we were able to stably overexpress Cav-1 in U-87MG cells. Gene expression microarray analyses demonstrated significant enrichment in gene signatures corresponding to downregulation of MAPK, PI3K/AKT and mTOR signaling, as well as activation of apoptotic pathways in Cav-1-overexpressing U-87MG cells. These same gene signatures were later confirmed at the protein level in vitro. To explore the ability of Cav-1 to regulate tumor growth in vivo, we further show that Cav-1-overexpressing U-87MG cells display reduced tumorigenicity in an ectopic xenograft mouse model, with marked hypoactivation of MAPK and PI3K/mTOR pathways. Finally, we demonstrate that Cav-1 overexpression confers sensitivity to the most commonly used chemotherapy for glioblastoma, temozolomide. In conclusion, Cav-1 negatively regulates key cell growth and survival pathways and may be an effective biomarker for predicting response to chemotherapy in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Quann
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Pérez-Sayáns M, Pilar GD, Barros-Angueira F, Suárez-Peñaranda JM, Fernández AC, Gándara-Rey JM, García-García A. Current trends in miRNAs and their relationship with oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2011; 41:433-43. [PMID: 22188431 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2011.01121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A micro RNA (miRNA) is a single-stranded endogenous, non-coding RNA, with length ranging between 18 and 24 nucleotides and the ability of regulating the expression of other genes on a post-transcriptional level by means of various processes, degradation or repression of target mRNA. miRNAs play a crucial role in regulating fundamental processes such as cell cycle, differentiation and apoptosis; thus, their deregulation can affect normal cell growth and development, and even participate in carcinogenesis. The goals of this paper are: to outline the formation and functions of miRNAs; to determine their role in oral squamous cell carcinoma; to analyze the different miRNAs described and their roles as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, depending on their overexpression or subexpression; to describe the different polymorphisms and epigenetic alterations identified; and to determine their role in multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Pérez-Sayáns
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Entrerríos s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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A review of transcriptome studies combined with data mining reveals novel potential markers of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Mutat Res 2011; 750:132-140. [PMID: 22198210 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), a cancer of the serosal pleural cavities, is one of the most aggressive human tumors. In order to identify genes crucial for the onset and progression of MPM, we performed an extensive literature review focused on transcriptome studies (RTS). In this kind of studies a great number of transcripts are analyzed without formulating any a priori hypothesis, thus preventing any bias coming from previously established knowledge that could lead to an over-representation of specific genes. Each study was thoroughly analyzed paying particular attention to: (i) the employed microarray platform, (ii) the number and type of samples, (iii) the fold-change, and (iv) the statistical significance of deregulated genes. We also performed data mining (DM) on MPM using three different tools (Coremine, SNPs3D, and GeneProspector). Results from RTS and DM were compared in order to restrict the number of genes potentially deregulated in MPM. Our main requirement for a gene to be a "mesothelioma gene" (MG) is to be reproducibly deregulated among independent studies and confirmed by DM. A list of MGs was thus produced, including PTGS2, BIRC5, ASS1, JUNB, MCM2, AURKA, FGF2, MKI67, CAV1, SFRP1, CCNB1, CDK4, and MSLN that might represent potential novel biomarkers or therapeutic targets for MPM. Moreover, it was found a sub-group of MGs including ASS1, JUNB, PTGS2, EEF2, SULF1, TOP2A, AURKA, BIRC5, CAV1, IFITM1, PCNA, and PKM2 that could explain, at least in part, the mechanisms of resistance to cisplatin, one first-line chemotherapeutic drug used for the disease. Finally, the pathway analysis showed that co-regulation networks related to the cross-talk between MPM and its micro-environment, in particular involving the adhesion molecules, integrins, and cytokines, might have an important role in MPM. Future studies are warranted to better characterize the role played by these genes in MPM.
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Pongjit K, Chanvorachote P. Caveolin-1 sensitizes cisplatin-induced lung cancer cell apoptosis via superoxide anion-dependent mechanism. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 358:365-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0988-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Pérez-Sayáns M, Somoza-Martín JM, Barros-Angueira F, Diz PG, Rey JMG, García-García A. Multidrug resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma: The role of vacuolar ATPases. Cancer Lett 2010; 295:135-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Xue J, Chen H, Diao L, Chen X, Xia D. Expression of caveolin-1 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma by quantum dots. Eur J Histochem 2010; 54:e20. [PMID: 20558341 PMCID: PMC3167300 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2010.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are a new class of fluorescent probes to detect biomarker expression. The role of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the expression profile of Cav-1 in carcinogenesis and development of TSCC by QDs immunofluorescence histochemistry (QDs-IHC) and discuss the relationship between the Cav-1 expression and the clinicopathological outcomes. QDs-IHC was used to detect Cav-1 expression in tissue microarrays including normal tongue mucosa (NTM; n=10), hyperplastic tongue mucosa (HTM; n=10), tongue pre-cancer lesions (TPL; n=15) and primary tongue squamous cell carcinoma (PTSCC; n=61). Correlations between the Cav-1 expression and clinicopathologic variables were evaluated statistically. Cells positive for Cav-1 were clearly detected and bright images were obtained in a fine, granular pattern at the cell membrane and cytoplasm using QDs-IHC. The rate of Cav-1 immunoreactivity increased progressively from NTM (0%), HTM (0%), TPL (36%) to PTSCC (74%). When compared with each other, there was statistical significance among PTSCC, TPL and NTM as well as among PTSCC, TPL and HTM. Moreover, Cav-1 expression level in PTSCC was correlated positively with clinical stage and histologic grade. QDs-IHC could accurately detect protein location in tongue mucosa. An increased expression of Cav-1 in the stepwise carcinogenesis from NTM, HTM, TPL to PTSCC suggested that Cav-1 might be an oncogene in the development of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Xue
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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17
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Tirado OM, MacCarthy CM, Fatima N, Villar J, Mateo-Lozano S, Notario V. Caveolin-1 promotes resistance to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in Ewing's sarcoma cells by modulating PKCalpha phosphorylation. Int J Cancer 2010; 126:426-36. [PMID: 19609943 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (CAV1) has been implicated in the regulation of several signaling pathways and in oncogenesis. Previously, we identified CAV1 as a key determinant of the oncogenic phenotype and tumorigenic activity of cells from tumors of the Ewing's Sarcoma Family (ESFT). However, the possible CAV1 involvement in the chemotherapy resistance commonly presented by an ESFT subset has not been established to date. This report shows that CAV1 expression determines the sensitivity of ESFT cells to clinically relevant chemotherapeutic agents. Analyses of endogenous CAV1 levels in several ESFT cells and ectopic CAV1 expression into ESFT cells expressing low endogenous CAV1 showed that the higher the CAV1 levels, the greater their resistance to drug treatment. Moreover, results from antisense- and shRNA-mediated gene expression knockdown and protein re-expression experiments demonstrated that CAV1 increases the resistance of ESFT cells to doxorubicin (Dox)- and cisplatin (Cp)-induced apoptosis by a mechanism involving the activating phosphorylation of PKCalpha. CAV1 knockdown in ESFT cells led to decreased phospho(Thr(638))-PKCalpha levels and a concomitant sensitization to apoptosis, which were reversed by CAV1 re-expression. These results were recapitulated by PKCalpha knockdown and re-expression in ESFT cells in which CAV1 was previously knocked down, thus demonstrating that phospho(Thr(638))-PKCalpha acts downstream of CAV1 to determine the sensitivity of ESFT cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. These data, along with the finding that CAV1 and phospho(Thr(638))-PKCalpha are co-expressed in approximately 45% of ESFT specimens tested, imply that targeting CAV1 and/or PKCalpha may allow the development of new molecular therapeutic strategies to improve the treatment outcome for patients with ESFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar M Tirado
- Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge, Centre d'Oncología Molecular, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Serra M, Scotlandi K. Caveolins in the development and diseases of musculoskeletal system. Cancer Lett 2009; 284:113-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Burgermeister E, Liscovitch M, Röcken C, Schmid RM, Ebert MPA. Caveats of caveolin-1 in cancer progression. Cancer Lett 2008; 268:187-201. [PMID: 18482795 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Revised: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin-1, an essential scaffold protein of caveolae and cellular transport processes, lately gained recognition as a stage- and tissue-specific tumor modulator in vivo. Patient studies and rodent models corroborated its janus-faced role as a tumor suppressor in non-neoplastic tissue, its down-regulation (loss of function) upon transformation and its re-expression (regain of function) in advanced-stage metastatic and multidrug resistant tumors. This review is focussed on the role of caveolin-1 in metastasis and angiogenesis and its clinical implications as a prognostic marker in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Burgermeister
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of München, München, Germany.
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Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance is one of the most prevalent obstacles to the treatment of cancer, resulting in increased mortality and prolonged exposure to cytotoxic agents with no treatment benefit. One of the tools utilized in the study of mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance are established cell lines derived from human neoplasms. These cell lines can be challenged in vitro with controlled chemotherapy doses to produce chemotherapy-resistant variants. Analysis of these novel chemotherapy-resistant cell lines may then identify genetic and proteomic changes which are associated with the resistant phenotype. Two very important mediators of chemotherapy resistance (P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance protein-1) were initially identified in chemotherapy-resistant cell lines. To make these in-vitro studies clinically relevant it is, however, necessary to duplicate as far as possible the treatment conditions used in vivo. Considerations should include clinically relevant drug concentrations, such as those derived from peak plasma values, and the type of treatment schedule to be employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Watson
- Cancer Biology Proteomics Group, Postgraduate Medical Institute of the University of Hull, Hull, UK
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Abstract
Caveolin-1 is the major structural protein in caveolae; small Omega-shaped invaginations within the plasma membrane. Caveolae are involved in signal transduction, wherein caveolin-1 acts as a scaffold to organise multiple molecular complexes regulating a variety of cellular events. Caveolin-1 has both tumour suppressor and oncogenic activities. However, recent evidence suggests a role for caveolin-1 in promoting cancer cell migration and metastasis with both loss and overexpression of caveolin-1 being described as a marker for progression in a variety of tumour types. Further studies are beginning to determine the molecular mechanisms by which caveolin-1 acts in promoting a metastatic phenotype. Targeting caveolin-1 expression may present a novel means of preventing metastasis. The purpose of this review is twofold: firstly, to survey the current knowledge of the contribution of caveolin-1 in promoting a metastasis, and secondly, to explore the viability of targeting caveolin-1 with novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth L van Golen
- The University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0575-0548, USA.
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