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Sindhura N, Kaumudi K. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression by Immunohistochemistry as a Possible Indicator of Prognosis in Invasive Breast Carcinoma of No Special Type. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2024; 14:124-130. [PMID: 38912361 PMCID: PMC11189271 DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_17_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting vascular network, is essential for tumor growth and spread. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic growth factor. Aims To assess the expression of VEGF in invasive carcinoma of no special type and its correlation with all the known prognostic factors of breast carcinoma. Settings and Design Descriptive. Materials and Methods Mastectomy specimens were studied noting the clinical details. The formalin-fixed tissues were subjected to routine processing and hematoxylin and eosin sections and studied extensively for all the histological prognostic factors. Representative sections from each case with the tumor were subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining with VEGF, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) antibodies. Statistical Analysis Used Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, contingency table analysis using SPSS for Windows. Results One hundred and twelve cases of invasive carcinoma of special type were studied to evaluate various clinicopathological parameters. The association of VEGF with clinicopathological parameters and all the known prognostic factors was studied to note its significance. VEGF overexpression was observed in 69% of the cases. It was noted that larger tumor size, higher histological grade, lymphovascular invasion, nodal involvement, tumor necrosis, high microvessel density, ER negativity, PR negativity, and HER2/neu positivity had a significant statistical association with VEGF overexpression. Conclusions We conclude that incorporating VEGF as a biomarker along with the known factors into a prognostic index will not only help predict clinical outcome more accurately, but also determines the patient who can be benefited with combinational therapy including anti-VEGF factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nugala Sindhura
- Department of Pathology, Guntur Medical College, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Konkay Kaumudi
- Department of Pathology, Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
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2
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Mukai Y, Taira N, Kitaguchi Y, Nakagiri R, Saiga M, Kochi M, Iwamoto T, Shien T, Doihara H, Kimata Y. An observational study of the impact of immediate breast reconstruction on perioperative inflammatory cytokines. Surg Today 2023; 53:1305-1316. [PMID: 37212931 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-023-02700-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Perioperative inflammatory cytokines may be related to cancer proliferation, although few studies have investigated this issue in patients undergoing breast reconstruction surgery. METHODS We conducted a prospective study of patients scheduled for mastectomy only, mastectomy plus deep inferior epigastric perforator flap reconstruction (DIEP), or mastectomy plus tissue expander reconstruction (TE), with or without axial dissection (Ax), for primary breast cancer. Blood samples were collected for analysis of serum IL-6 and VEGF preoperatively, then within 24 h postoperatively (POD 1), and 4-6 days postoperatively (POD 4-6). We investigated the difference in serum cytokine levels over time for each surgical procedure and the difference in serum cytokine levels among the procedures at the three measurement time points. RESULTS There were 120 patients included in the final analysis. Serum IL-6 was significantly higher than the preoperative level on POD 1 in patients who underwent mastectomy only, DIEP, or TE and Ax (+), with higher values persisting on POD 4-6 except in those who underwent DIEP. IL-6 was significantly higher after DIEP than after mastectomy only on POD 1, but no differences were observed at POD 4-6. VEGF did not differ significantly among the surgical procedures at any time. CONCLUSIONS The increase in IL-6 was short term and immediate breast reconstruction is considered a safe procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Mukai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Okayama Prefecture, Japan.
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Kita-ku, Okayama Prefecture, Japan.
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Okayama Rousai Hospital, 2-10-25 Chikko -Midorimachi, Minami-ku, Okayama-City, Okayama Prefecture, 702-8055, Japan.
| | - Naruto Taira
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School Hospital, Kurashiki-City, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Kita-ku, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Yohei Kitaguchi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Kita-ku, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Ryoko Nakagiri
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Kita-ku, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Miho Saiga
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Kita-ku, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Mariko Kochi
- Department of Breast Oncology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture, Japan
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Kita-ku, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Takayuki Iwamoto
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Kita-ku, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Shien
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Kita-ku, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Doihara
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Kita-ku, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center, Kurashiki-City, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kimata
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Kita-ku, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
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Jyothi M, Banumathi, Zabiulla, Sherapura A, Khamees HA, Prabhakar B, Khanum SA. Synthesis, structure analysis, DFT calculations and energy frameworks of new coumarin appended oxadiazoles, to regress ascites malignancy by targeting VEGF mediated angiogenesis. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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4
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Fawzy A, Alqelaiti YA, Almatrafi MM, Almatrafi OM, Alqelaiti EA. Common Sensitive Prognostic Marker in Breast Cancer and their Clinical Significance: A Review Article. ARCHIVES OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/t8d3bp2l19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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5
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Targeting HIF-1α by newly synthesized Indolephenoxyacetamide (IPA) analogs to induce anti-angiogenesis-mediated solid tumor suppression. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1328-1343. [PMID: 33904146 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00266-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic microenvironment is a common feature of solid tumors, which leads to the promotion of cancer. The transcription factor, HIF-1α, expressed under hypoxic conditions stimulates tumor angiogenesis, favoring HIF-1α as a promising anticancer agent. On the other hand, synthetic Indolephenoxyacetamide derivatives are known for their pharmacological potentiality. With this background here, we have synthesized, characterized, and validated the new IPA (8a-n) analogs for anti-tumor activity. METHODS The new series of IPA (8a-n) were synthesized through a multi-step reaction sequence and characterized based on the different spectroscopic analysis FT-IR, 1H, 13C NMR, mass spectra, and elemental analyses. Cell-based screening of IPA (8a-n) was assessed by MTT assay. Anti-angiogenic efficacy of IPA (8k) validated through CAM, Rat corneal, tube formation and migration assay. The underlying molecular mechanism is validated through zymogram and IB studies. The in vivo anti-tumor activity was measured in the DLA solid tumor model. RESULTS Screening for anti-proliferative studies inferred, IPA (8k) is a lead molecule with an IC50 value of ˜5 μM. Anti-angiogenic assays revealed the angiopreventive activity through inhibition of HIF-1α and modulation downstream regulatory genes, VEGF, MMPs, and P53. The results are confirmative in an in vivo solid tumor model. CONCLUSION The IPA (8k) is a potent anti-proliferative molecule with anti-angiogenic activity and specifically targets HIF1α, thereby modulates its downstream regulatory genes both in vitro and in vivo. The study provides scope for new target-specific drug development against HIF-1α for the treatment of solid tumors.
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M. HR, Ghosh D, Banerjee R, Salimath BP. Suppression of VEGF-induced angiogenesis and tumor growth by Eugenia jambolana, Musa paradisiaca, and Coccinia indica extracts. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1489-1499. [PMID: 28367666 PMCID: PMC6130448 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1307422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Abnormal angiogenesis and evasion of apoptosis are hallmarks of cancer. Accordingly, anti-angiogenic and pro-apoptotic therapies are effective strategies for cancer treatment. Medicinal plants, namely, Eugenia jambolana Lam. (Myrtaceae), Musa paradisiaca L. (Musaceae), and Coccinia indica Wight & Arn. (Cucurbitaceae), have not been greatly investigated for their anticancer potential. OBJECTIVE We investigated the anti-angiogenic and pro-apoptotic efficacy of ethyl acetate (EA) and n-butanol (NB) extracts of E. jambolana (seeds), EA extracts of M. paradisiaca (roots) and C. indica (leaves) with respect to mammary neoplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Effect of extracts (2-200 μg/mL) on cytotoxicity and MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and endothelial cell (EC) proliferation and in vitro angiogenesis were evaluated by MTT, 3[H]thymidine uptake and EC tube formation assays, respectively. In vivo tumour proliferation, VEGF secretion and angiogenesis were assessed using the Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT) model followed by rat corneal micro-pocket and chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays. Apoptosis induction was assessed by morphological and cell cycle analysis. RESULTS EA extracts of E. jambolana and M. paradisiaca exhibited the highest cytotoxicity (IC50 25 and 60 μg/mL), inhibited cell proliferation (up to 81%), and tube formation (83% and 76%). In vivo treatment reduced body weight (50%); cell number (16.5- and 14.7-fold), secreted VEGF (∼90%), neoangiogenesis in rat cornea (2.5- and 1.5-fold) and CAM (3- and 1.6-fold) besides EAT cells accumulation in sub-G1 phase (20% and 18.38%), respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Considering the potent anti-angiogenic and pro-apoptotic properties, lead molecules from EA extracts of E. jambolana and M. paradisiaca can be developed into anticancer drugs.
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MESH Headings
- 1-Butanol/chemistry
- Acetates/chemistry
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/isolation & purification
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/blood
- Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/prevention & control
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Chick Embryo
- Chorioallantoic Membrane/blood supply
- Corneal Neovascularization/pathology
- Corneal Neovascularization/physiopathology
- Corneal Neovascularization/prevention & control
- Cucurbitaceae/chemistry
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Humans
- MCF-7 Cells
- Mice
- Musa/chemistry
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plant Leaves
- Plant Roots/chemistry
- Plants, Medicinal
- Rats, Wistar
- Seeds/chemistry
- Syzygium/chemistry
- Time Factors
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Raj M.
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Molecular Oncology Lab, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
| | - Debidas Ghosh
- Department of Bio-Medical Laboratory Science & Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Rita Banerjee
- Department of Science & Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Bharathi P. Salimath
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Molecular Oncology Lab, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
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7
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He MQ, He MQ, Wang JF, Zhu BL, Sun N, Zhou XH, Yao RX. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Cluster of Differentiation 34 for Assessment of Perioperative Bleeding Risk in Gastric Cancer Patients. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:1950-4. [PMID: 27503021 PMCID: PMC4989427 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.187842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels to supply nutrients to tumors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34) are important signaling proteins involved in angiogenesis. Many studies have demonstrated that VEGF and CD34 are related to tumor progression. This study focused on the relationship between VEGF, CD34, and perioperative hemorrhage in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: To observe the relationship between VEGF and CD34, we tracked 112 patients with advanced gastric cancer for 5 years to assess factors related to hemorrhage, using immunohistochemistry. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using a 2 × 2 contingency table, logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) test. Results: The concentrations of VEGF and CD34 were critically correlated with perioperative hemorrhage and neural invasion in patients with gastric cancer (P < 0.05). Expression of VEGF and CD34 was related (P < 0.05, χ2 = 6.834). VEGF and CD34 co-expression strongly increased the risk of preoperative bleeding (area under the ROC curve >0.7, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Expression of VEGF and CD34 was critically correlated with perioperative hemorrhage in gastric cancer patients. Co-expression of VEGF and CD34 could be an effective indicator for evaluating the risk of perioperative bleeding in gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Qing He
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Mu-Qun He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Provincial Tumor Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, China
| | - Jian-Feng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Provincial Tumor Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, China
| | - Bao-Ling Zhu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Ni Sun
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Xiao-Hai Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Rong-Xin Yao
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
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Takano S, Ishikawa E, Matsuda M, Sakamoto N, Akutsu H, Yamamoto T, Matsumura A. The anti-angiogenic role of soluble-form VEGF receptor in malignant gliomas. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:515-524. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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9
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Zabiulla, Shamanth Neralagundi HG, Bushra Begum A, Prabhakar BT, Khanum SA. Design and synthesis of diamide-coupled benzophenones as potential anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 115:342-51. [PMID: 27027818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of diamide-coupled benzophenone, 2-(4-benzoyl-phenoxy)-N-{2-[2-(4-benzoyl-phenoxy)-acetylamino]-phenyl}-acetamide analogues (9a-l) were synthesized by multistep reactions and all compounds were well characterized. Among the series (9a-l), compound 9k with three methyl groups at ortho position in rings A, B, and D and bromo group at the para position in ring E was selected as a lead compound by screening through multiple cancer cell types by in-vitro cytotoxic and antiproliferative assay systems. Also, the cytotoxic nature of the compound 9k resulted the regression of the tumor growth in-vivo, which could be due to decreased vascularisation in the peritoneum lining of the mice which regress the tumor growth. The results were reconfirmed in-vivo chorioallantoic membrane model which indicates a scope of developing 9k into potent anticancer drug in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zabiulla
- Department of Chemistry, Yuvaraja's College (Autonomous), University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - H G Shamanth Neralagundi
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Postgraduate Department of Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College (Autonomous), Kuvempu University, Karnataka, India
| | - A Bushra Begum
- Department of Chemistry, Yuvaraja's College (Autonomous), University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - B T Prabhakar
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Postgraduate Department of Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College (Autonomous), Kuvempu University, Karnataka, India
| | - Shaukath Ara Khanum
- Department of Chemistry, Yuvaraja's College (Autonomous), University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
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10
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Al-Ghorbani M, Vigneshwaran V, Ranganatha VL, Prabhakar B, Khanum SA. Synthesis of oxadiazole–morpholine derivatives and manifestation of the repressed CD31 Microvessel Density (MVD) as tumoral angiogenic parameters in Dalton’s Lymphoma. Bioorg Chem 2015; 60:136-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Nagaraj SRM, Shilpa P, Rachaiah K, Salimath BP. Crosstalk between VEGF and MTA1 signaling pathways contribute to aggressiveness of breast carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2015; 54:333-50. [PMID: 24265228 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The expression of metastasis associated protein (MTA1) correlates well with tumor metastasis; however its role as a proangiogenic protein and the molecular mechanisms underlying the same are not fully understood. In this study the MTA1 protein was expressed and purified to evaluate its angiogenic potential. In both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, endogenous MTA1 protein was localized in the nucleus; while added recombinant MTA1 protein was bound to cell membrane as per immunofluorescence data. MTA1 was detected both in conditioned media and in human serum samples. Recombinant MTA1 regulated cellular functions of HUVEC's such as, proliferation, tube formation, and migration. MTA1 was more potent than VEGF in inducing invasion of breast cancer cells. Analogous to VEGF, MTA1 could induce angiogenesis in both non-tumor and tumor context, as verified by rat cornea, shell less CAM and xenograft models respectively. However MTA-1 was more potent an inducer of angiogenesis. VEGF or Flt-1 gene promoter, luciferase gene reporter analysis revealed that MTA1 up regulates the expression of VEGF and its receptor Flt-1 genes. Kinetics of VEGF-induced expression of MTA1 and qPCR studies showed that there is an increased expression of MTA1 in tumor cells. VEGF induced phosphorylation of endogenous MTA1 on tyrosine residues; phosphorylation was mediated through VEGFR2 and p38-MAP kinase. Recombinant MTA1 activated signaling, in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, involved ERK and JNK pathways. In conclusion, MTA1 is a potent angiogenic molecule and cross talk between VEGF and MTA1 protein regulates tumor angiogenesis and metastasis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Blotting, Western
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Chorioallantoic Membrane
- Female
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Histone Deacetylases/genetics
- Histone Deacetylases/metabolism
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Immunoprecipitation
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Phosphorylation
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Repressor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction
- Trans-Activators
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Wound Healing
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Raj M Nagaraj
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, India
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12
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Synthesis and evaluation of novel benzophenone-thiazole derivatives as potent VEGF-A inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 87:274-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Vijay Avin B, Thirusangu P, Ramesh C, Vigneshwaran V, Prashanth Kumar M, Mahmood R, Prabhakar B. Screening for the modulation of neovessel formation in non-tumorigenic and tumorigenic conditions using three different plants native to Western ghats of India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomag.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Jiang J, Shang X, Zhang H, Ma W, Xu Y, Zhou Q, Gao Y, Yu S, Qi Y. Correlation between maximum intensity and microvessel density for differentiation of malignant from benign thyroid nodules on contrast-enhanced sonography. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2014; 33:1257-1263. [PMID: 24958412 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.33.7.1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate contrast-enhanced sonography for differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules by analyzing the correlation between maximum intensity and microvessel density. METHODS From February 2010 to May 2012, 122 patients (85 female and 37 male; mean age ± SD, 45 ± 9.1 years) with thyroid nodules (62 papillary thyroid carcinomas, 30 nodular goiters, and 30 adenomas) that underwent routine thyroid sonography and were diagnosed by surgery were included in this study. Contrast-enhanced sonography was performed, and enhancement patterns were classified into 3 groups: high, equal, and low enhancement. As a time-intensity curve parameter, the correlation of maximum intensity with CD31 and CD34 microvessel density counts was analyzed. RESULTS On contrast-enhanced sonography, most patients with papillary thyroid carcinomas showed a heterogeneous low enhancement pattern, whereas most patients with nodular goiters showed an equal enhancement pattern, and patients with adenomas showed a high enhancement pattern. The detection of papillary thyroid carcinomas with low enhancement had sensitivity of 96.8%, specificity of 95.0%, and accuracy of 95.9%. Compared with the papillary thyroid group, the mean microvessel density counts were significantly higher in the nodular goiter and adenoma groups (P< .05). We also found that the maximum intensity was significantly associated with CD31 and CD34 counts (CD31, r = 0.963; P < .01; CD34, r = 0.968; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Maximum intensity has a significant relationship with microvessel density. Contrast-enhanced sonography is a practical and convenient means for differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xu Shang
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongli Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenqi Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongbo Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanhua Qi
- Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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15
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Vijay Avin B, Prabhu T, Ramesh C, Vigneshwaran V, Riaz M, Jayashree K, Prabhakar B. New role of lupeol in reticence of angiogenesis, the cellular parameter of neoplastic progression in tumorigenesis models through altered gene expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 448:139-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ranganatha VL, Vijay Avin BR, Thirusangu P, Prashanth T, Prabhakar BT, Khanum SA. Synthesis, angiopreventive activity, and in vivo tumor inhibition of novel benzophenone-benzimidazole analogs. Life Sci 2013; 93:904-11. [PMID: 24135459 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The development of anticancer drugs with specific targets is of prime importance in modern biology. This study investigates the angiopreventive and in vivo tumor inhibition activities of novel synthetic benzophenone-benzimidazole analogs. MAIN METHODS The multistep synthesis of novel benzophenone-benzimidazole analogs (8a-n) allowing substitution with methoxy, methyl and halogen groups at different positions on the identical chemical backbone and the variations in the number of substituents were synthesized and characterized. The newly synthesized compounds were further evaluated for cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. The potent lead compounds were further assessed for antiangiogenic effects in a CAM model and a tumor-induced vasculature in vivo model. The effect of angioprevention on tumor growth was verified in a mouse model. KEY FINDINGS The cytotoxicity studies revealed that compounds 8f and 8n are strongly cytotoxic. Analyzing the structure-activity relationship, we found that an increase in the number of methyl groups in addition to methoxy substitution at the para position of the benzoyl ring in compound 8n resulted in higher potency compared to 8f. Furthermore, neovessel formation in in vivo systems, such as the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and tumor-induced mice peritoneum models, was significantly suppressed and reflected the tumor inhibition observed in mice. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest the potential clinical application of compound 8n as an antiangiogenic drug for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lakshmi Ranganatha
- Department of Chemistry, Yuvaraj's College (Autonomous), University of Mysore, Mysore 570 005, Karnataka, India
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Nataraj NB, Krishnamurthy J, Salimath BP. Treatment with anti-NAP monoclonal antibody reduces disease severity in murine model of novel angiogenic protein-induced or ovalbumin-induced arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 171:155-63. [PMID: 23286942 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a polyarticular inflammatory, angiogenic disease. Synovial angiogenesis contributes to inflammation in RA. In this study we have developed an arthritic model in rats using a novel angiogenic protein (NAP), isolated from human synovial fluid of RA patients. We produced anti-NAP monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and investigated the therapeutic efficacy of the same in adjuvant-induced or NAP-induced arthritis as a model of human RA. The treatment of arthritic rats with anti-NAP mAbs resulted in effective amelioration of paw oedema, radiological arthritic characteristics, serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and NAP, compared to that of untreated arthritic animals. Further, profiling of angiogenic markers such as synovial microvessel density, angiogenesis, CD31, VEGF and fms-like tyrosine kinase (Flt1) by immunohistochemistry both in arthritic and anti-NAP mAb-treated animals revealed the efficacy of mAb as an anti-angiogenic functional antibody. Therefore, NAP may be an attractive target to design anti-angiogenic and anti-arthritic therapies to control the pathogenesis of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Nataraj
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Karnataka, India
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18
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Belugali Nataraj N, Salimath BP. Crosstalk between VEGF and novel angiogenic protein regulates tumor angiogenesis and contributes to aggressiveness of breast carcinoma. Cell Signal 2012; 25:277-94. [PMID: 23000338 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have identified and characterized a novel proangiogenic glycoprotein (NAP) with molecular weight of 67 kDa from synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Proteomic analysis of the protein revealed 29% sequence coverage with maximum identity for human retinoblastoma binding protein 2. N-terminal amino acid sequence showed no identity to recently discovered protein sequences. NAP was also identified in both normal and tumor cell lines by Western blotting. NAP is a permeability factor as verified by miles permeability assay. The proangiogenic potential of NAP was identified using shell less CAM, rat cornea and tumor on CAM assays. NAP induces expression of VEGF and Flt-1 gene as verified by promoter reporter gene analysis. Further NAP induces proliferation of endothelial cells and formation of tube like structures. NAP is also involved in migration and invasion of tumor cells. Clinical data revealed the presence of NAP in breast cancer biopsies. We have developed monoclonal antibody (mAb), and specific ELISA, which confirmed the presence of NAP in the cytosol of tumor cells. The mAb effect was evaluated with established angiogenic assays. Further, we investigated the detailed mechanism by which NAP induces angiogenesis. NAP is phosphorylated by VEGF induced activation of MAPK and JNK pathways through VEGFR2 phosphorylation. NAP involves JNK pathway predominantly with further activation of NFκB in downstream processing of VEGF activation. Together these findings establish that NAP displays angiogenic properties and promotes efficient neovascularization both in vitro and in vivo models. These observations suggest that anti-NAP-mAb can be targeted for antiangiogenic therapy of cancer.
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Zhao J, He X, Bo B, Liu X, Yin Y, Li G. A "signal-on" electrochemical aptasensor for simultaneous detection of two tumor markers. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 34:249-52. [PMID: 22386488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report a "signal-on" electrochemical aptasensor for simultaneous determination of two tumor markers MUC1 and VEGF(165), by using a ferrocene-labeled aptamer-complementary DNA (cDNA) as probe. Since the cDNA immobilized on an electrode surface can hybridize with both MUC1 aptamer and VEGF(165) aptamer to form a long double strand with ferrocene far away from the electrode surface, the probe cannot give electrochemical signal. Nevertheless, the presence of the two tumor markers will inhibit the hybridization of cDNA with the aptamers, thus the distance between ferrocene and the electrode is changed, and a "signal-on" electrochemical method to detect two tumor markers is developed. Experimental results show that the electrochemical signal increases with the addition of either tumor markers, but the biggest electrochemical signal can only be obtained when both tumor markers are present. Therefore, the proposed electrochemical aptasensor can not only detect the two markers but also distinguish their co-existence. It may also display high selectivity and sensitivity towards the detection of the tumor markers, so it might have potential clinical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Laboratory of Biosensing Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
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20
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Reuben SC, Gopalan A, Petit DM, Bishayee A. Modulation of angiogenesis by dietary phytoconstituents in the prevention and intervention of breast cancer. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 56:14-29. [PMID: 22125182 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths for women in the United States and the rest of the world. About 8% of women develop breast cancer during the course of their lives. Dietary habits are closely associated with both the risk and progression of breast cancer. Dietary agents have accumulated increasing importance with regards to the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. One such manner by which these compounds can target breast cancer development and progression is through interference with the angiogenic pathways. Angiogenesis is an intricate process that involves the development of new capillaries from previously existing blood vessels. Disruption of this pathway, therefore, provides a novel and effective avenue for therapeutic intervention of breast cancer. Various phytochemicals found in the diet kill breast cancer cells in vitro and prevent as well as suppress breast cancer progression in various preclinical animal models. This review examines the value of dietary phytoconstituents in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer through modulation of the intricate and complex process of angiogenesis. In addition, the potential benefits, challenges, and future directions of research on anti-angiogenic dietary phytochemicals in the prevention and intervention of breast cancer are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon C Reuben
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
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21
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Sriram R, Yadav AR, Mace CR, Miller BL. Validation of arrayed imaging reflectometry biosensor response for protein-antibody interactions: cross-correlation of theory, experiment, and complementary techniques. Anal Chem 2011; 83:3750-7. [PMID: 21517019 DOI: 10.1021/ac2001302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One of the critical steps in the development of an analytical technique is to confirm that its experimental response correlates with predictions derived from the theoretical framework on which it is based. This validates the technique quantitatively and, in the case of a biosensor, facilitates a correlation of the sensor's output signal to the concentration of the analyte being tested. Herein we report studies demonstrating that the quantitative response of arrayed imaging reflectometry (AIR), a highly sensitive label-free biosensing method, is a predictable function of the probe and analyte properties. We first incorporated a standard one-site Langmuir binding model describing probe-analyte interactions at the surface into the theoretical model for thickness-dependent reflectance in AIR. This established a hypothetical correlation between the analyte concentration and the AIR response. Spectroscopic ellipsometry, surface plasmon resonance, and AIR were then used to validate this model for two biomedically important proteins, fibroblast growth factor-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor. While our studies demonstrated that the 1:1 one-site Langmuir model accurately described the observed response of macrospot AIR arrays, either a two-site Langmuir model or a Sips isotherm better described the behavior of AIR microarrays. These studies confirmed the quantitative performance of AIR across a range of probe-analyte affinities. Furthermore, the methodology developed here can be extended to other label-free biosensing platforms, thus facilitating a more accurate and quantitative interpretation of the sensor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Sriram
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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D'Souza SS, Gururaj AE, Raj HM, Rössler J, Salimath BP. Inhibition of ascites tumor growth in vivo by sTie-2 is potentiated by a combinatorial therapy with sFLT-1. J Gene Med 2010; 12:968-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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23
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Oliveira C, Lourenço GJ, Silva PMR, Cardoso-Filho C, Favarelli MHC, Gonçales NSL, Gurgel MSC, Lima CSP. Polymorphisms in the 5′- and 3′-untranslated region of the VEGF gene and sporadic breast cancer risk and clinicopathologic characteristics. Tumour Biol 2010; 32:295-300. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-010-0121-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Smadja DM, d'Audigier C, Weiswald LB, Badoual C, Dangles-Marie V, Mauge L, Evrard S, Laurendeau I, Lallemand F, Germain S, Grelac F, Dizier B, Vidaud M, Bièche I, Gaussem P. The Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 increases endothelial progenitor cell angiogenic potential. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:2544-52. [PMID: 20847303 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.213751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the role of Wnt antagonist Dickkopf (DKK) 1 in human endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) in view of the emerging importance of Wnt pathways in vascular biology. METHODS AND RESULTS Endothelial progenitor cells have been proposed to be crucial in tumor neovascularization. Recombinant DKK1 has been tested in ECFC angiogenic properties in vitro. DKK1 enhanced ECFC proliferation and the capacity of ECFCs to form pseudotubes in Matrigel. These effects have been attributed to enhancement of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, SDF-1, and CXCR4. DKK1 gene silencing has been realized on ECFCs and mesenchymal stem cells, and we found that DKK1 silencing in the 2 cell types decreased their angiogenic potential. We then examined the possible role of DKK1 in tumor neovasculogenesis and found that blood vessels of breast cancer tissues expressed DKK1 far more strongly in human breast tumors than in normal breast tissues. By studying 62 human breast tumors, we found a significant positive correlation between DKK1 expression and von Willebrand factor. In vivo, DKK1 strongly enhanced the vascularization of Matrigel plugs and increased tumor size in a xenograft model of human breast carcinoma in nude mice. CONCLUSIONS DKK1 enhances angiogenic properties of ECFCs in vitro and is required for ECFC and mesenchymal stem cell angiogenic phenotypes in vivo. DKK1 also increases tumoral angiogenesis. Thus, we demonstrated a major role of DKK1 in angiogenic processes.
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Queiroga FL, Pires I, Parente M, Gregório H, Lopes CS. COX-2 over-expression correlates with VEGF and tumour angiogenesis in canine mammary cancer. Vet J 2010; 189:77-82. [PMID: 20675158 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the possible roles of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in canine mammary cancer angiogenesis. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 70 tumours (28 benign and 42 malignant) in order to detect COX-2 and VEGF expression. Microvessel density (MVD) was determined by CD31 immunolabelling to assess tumour angiogenesis. There was a significantly higher expression of COX-2 (P<0.001), VEGF (P<0.001) and MVD (P<0.001) in malignant compared to benign tumours. In the malignant group, the MVD of COX-2 positive tumours was significantly higher than that of COX-2 negative tumours (P=0.026). A similar association was observed for VEGF (P<0.001) positive tumours. The results from this study suggested that over-expression of COX-2 and VEGF may contribute to increased angiogenesis and aggression in malignant tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felisbina L Queiroga
- CECAV, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW An improved understanding of the important role of angiogenesis in tumor biology has led to development of different antiangiogenic therapies. This review highlights therapeutic agents from recent breast cancer trials showing the greatest potential for further clinical use in the near future. RECENT FINDINGS Numerous clinical studies for several antiangiogenic agents have recently been conducted in breast cancer patients and different antiangiogenic approaches have demonstrated their antitumor activity. Bevacizumab is the most advanced agent, being the first approved angiogenesis inhibitor in metastatic breast cancer. The multikinase inhibitors sorafenib, sunitinib, and pazopanib have also shown promising early results and are further evaluated. To maximize efficacy and safety of antiangiogenic agents and help selecting patients suitable for this therapy, identification of predictive biomarkers is essential. SUMMARY Novel antiangiogenic agents have produced positive data in clinical trials for breast cancer leading to the approval of bevacizumab for the first-line therapy of metastatic breast cancer. Other interesting substances such as multikinase inhibitors are currently being investigated. So far, angiogenesis inhibitors provide an additional therapeutic option for metastatic breast cancer; their role in early breast cancer as well as optimal patient selection will need further research.
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Taneja P, Maglic D, Kai F, Zhu S, Kendig RD, Fry EA, Inoue K. Classical and Novel Prognostic Markers for Breast Cancer and their Clinical Significance. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2010; 4:15-34. [PMID: 20567632 PMCID: PMC2883240 DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s4773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of biomarkers ensures breast cancer patients receive optimal treatment. Established biomarkers such as estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) have been playing significant roles in the selection and management of patients for endocrine therapy. HER2 is a strong predictor of response to trastuzumab. Recently, the roles of ER as a negative and HER2 as a positive indicator for chemotherapy have been established. Ki67 has traditionally been recognized as a poor prognostic factor, but recent studies suggest that measurement of Ki67-positive cells during treatment will more effectively predict treatment efficacy for both anti-hormonal and chemotherapy. p53 mutations are found in 20–35% of human breast cancers and are associated with aggressive disease with poor clinical outcome when the DNA-binding domain is mutated. The utility of cyclin D1 as a predictor of breast cancer prognosis is controversial, but cyclin D1b overexpression is associated with poor prognosis. Likewise, overexpression of the low molecular weight form of cyclin E1 protein predicts poor prognosis. Breast cancers from BRCA1/2 carriers often show high nuclear grades, negativity to ER/PR/HER2, and p53 mutations, and thus, are associated with poor prognosis. The prognostic values of other molecular markers, such as p14ARF, TBX2/3, VEGF in breast cancer are also discussed. Careful evaluation of these biomarkers with current treatment modality is required to determine whether their measurement or monitoring offer significant clinical benefits.
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Tang JH, Zhao JH, Lu JW, Yan F, Qin JW, Xu B. Circulating levels of angiogenic cytokines in advanced breast cancer patients with system chemotherapy and their potential value in monitoring disease course. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2010; 137:55-63. [PMID: 20221635 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-010-0859-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The low-dose metronomic chemotherapy was reported to inhibit directly tumor angiogenesis or VEGF secretion. The study aimed to seek for this effect of system chemotherapy by observing the changes in serum levels of angiogenic cytokines during treatment and assessing their value in monitoring the advanced breast cancer. METHODS In sixty-one patients with advanced breast cancer, serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endostatin (ES) were compared at baseline (B0), after one cycle (B1), after 3 cycles (B3), and after 5-6 cycles (B5-6) of system chemotherapy using a quantitative ELISA. Data were correlated with treatment response and total survival. RESULTS The response to chemotherapy did not correlate with serum VEGF level before therapy or after one cycle, but the changes in VEGF levels after 3 cycles and 5-6 cycles showed good association with clinical responses, i.e., the patients with disease control had a decreased VEGF value, whereas the progressive patients had an increased value. The Cox proportional hazard model revealed that a normalized VEGF level after therapy and an increase in VEGF level after 5-6 cycles were independent predictors for survival. CONCLUSIONS System chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer lead to a significant decrease in serum VEGF level in patients with disease control, and this anti-VEGF efficacy may be mainly due to the reduction in tumor burden. Sequential measurement of serum VEGF could be useful for evaluating treatment efficacy and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Baziting 42, 210009 Nanjing, China
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2010; 22:87-93. [DOI: 10.1097/gco.0b013e328335462f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Probst-Hensch NM, Steiner JHB, Schraml P, Varga Z, Zürrer-Härdi U, Storz M, Korol D, Fehr MK, Fink D, Pestalozzi BC, Lütolf UM, Theurillat JP, Moch H. IGFBP2 and IGFBP3 protein expressions in human breast cancer: association with hormonal factors and obesity. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:1025-32. [PMID: 20103684 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-0957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling system is involved in breast cancer initiation and progression. The prognostic relevance of tumor expression patterns of IGFI-related proteins remains poorly understood. This study associates the expression of selected IGF proteins with breast tumor and patient characteristics. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IGFI, IGFI receptor, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)2, and IGFBP3 expression was measured in 855 primary breast carcinomas by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays. We investigated the association of tumor and nodal stage, grade, hormone receptor status, HER2 gene amplification, menopausal status, body mass index, and survival with IGF protein expression. RESULTS In contrast to IGFI, the expression of IGFI receptor, IGFBP2, and IGFBP3 was associated with estrogen receptor status. In addition, IGFBP3 was positively correlated with body mass index and premenopausal status. Importantly, IGFBP2 was an independent and positive predictor of overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.24-0.95; P = 0.04). There was a weak suggestion for IGFBP2 and overweight to modify each other's effect on survival. CONCLUSIONS According to these results, which need confirmation in larger patient series, the prognostic relevance of IGFBP2 and IGFBP3 protein expressions in breast cancer may depend on the hormonal context and body weight.
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Evaluation of the microvascular density in astrocytomas in adults correlated using SPECT-MIBI. Exp Ther Med 2010. [DOI: 10.3892/etm_00000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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32
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Expression and clinical significance of vascular endothelial growth factor in benign and malignant tissues of breast. Chin J Cancer Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11670-008-0290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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