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Tang W, Wang J, Dai T, Qiu H, Liu C, Chen S, Hu Z. Association of leptin receptor polymorphisms with susceptibility of non-small cell lung cancer: Evidence from 2249 subjects. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7178. [PMID: 38659416 PMCID: PMC11043686 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is increasing dramatically. It is believed that energy metabolism-related genes could play an important role in etiology of NSCLC. In this study, we sought to assess the correlation between three LEPR single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1137101, rs1137100 and rs6588147) with NSCLS susceptibility. In total, 1193 NSCLC cases and 1056 controls were included. SNPscan™ genotyping method was used to analyze the genotypes of LEPR polymorphisms. Compared to rs6588147 GG in LEPR gene, this study identified a protective role of LEPR rs6588147 GA and GA/AA for the occurrence of NSCLC (GA vs. GG [p = 0.021] and GA/AA vs. GG [p = 0.030]). As well, we found that a protective role of LEPR rs6588147 for the occurrence of non-SCC subgroup (p < 0.05). By logistic regression analysis, we found that the rs6588147 A allele related genotypes might play a protective role for the occurrence of NSCLC in drinking, BMI ≥24 kg/m2, smoking and male subgroups. We also found that the rs1137101 A allele related genotypes played a protective role for the occurrence of NSCLC in male, younger participants (under 59 years) and overweight/obesity (BMI ≥24 kg/m2) subgroups. We found that LEPR Ars1037100Ars1037101Ars6588147 haplotype might play a protective role for the occurrence of NSCLC (p = 0.013). In addition, our findings indicated that LEPR rs1137100 G>A SNP might increase the risk of lymph node metastases (p = 0.038). This study highlights that LEPR rs6588147, rs1137101 genotypes and LEPR Ars1037100Ars1037101Ars6588147 haplotype are correlated with the occurrence of NSCLC. LEPR rs1137100 G>A SNP increases the risk of lymph node metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Tang
- Departments of Esophageal Surgery and Thoracic SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210008Jiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryAffiliated Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityYixingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Ting Dai
- Department of PharmacyAffiliated Yixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityYixingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Hao Qiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryAffiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Shuchen Chen
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujian ProvinceChina
| | - Zhendong Hu
- Departments of Esophageal Surgery and Thoracic SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing210008Jiangsu ProvinceChina
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Byeon SJ, Chang MS, Cho HJ, Park JH, Kim KH, Park JH, Choi IS, Kim W, Han DS, Ahn HS, Heo SC. Prognostic roles of leptin-signaling proteins, PD-L1, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in surgically-resected biliary tract cancers. J Surg Oncol 2023; 127:587-597. [PMID: 36367404 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliary tract cancers are rare, with a poor patient prognosis. Leptin and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) influence CD8+ and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)+ lymphocytes, and thus, cancer cell growth. We aimed to define the prognostic implications of these variables and the clinicopathological features of biliary tract cancers. METHODS Immunohistochemistry for leptin signaling-related proteins (leptin, leptin receptor, pSTAT3, extracellular-regulated kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin), PD-L1, CD8, and FOXP3 and in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs were performed in 147 cases of surgically-resected biliary tract cancers. RESULTS Immune cell PD-L1-positivity, tumor size < 3 cm, adjuvant chemotherapy, no recurrence, and early-stage tumors were correlated with better 5-year survival in the tumoral PD-L1(-) and leptin(-) subgroups, and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma through multivariate analysis (all p < 0.05). Immune cell PD-L1 and adjuvant chemotherapy lost its prognostic significance in the tumoral PD-L1+ and leptin+ subgroups. CONCLUSIONS The prognostic implication of the variables may depend upon tumoral protein expression and the anatomical site. Immune cell PD-L1-positivity and the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy may indicate the favorable survival of patients with surgically-resected biliary tract cancers, specifically, in the tumoral PD-L1(-) or tumor leptin(-) subgroups and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. PD-L1- or leptin-targeted therapy combined with conventional chemotherapy may benefit the tumoral PD-L1+ or leptin+ subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Ju Byeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Soo Chang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Jin Cho
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Sil Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seong Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Chul Heo
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Aberrant miR-874-3p/leptin/EGFR/c-Myc signaling contributes to nasopharyngeal carcinoma pathogenesis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:215. [PMID: 35778755 PMCID: PMC9248092 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Leptin is important in physiological and pathological functions in various cancers, however, the significance and mechanisms of leptin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma remain ambiguous.
Methods
Leptin expression was analyzed by QPCR, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and TCGA database. The impact of gain- or loss-of-function of leptin were determined by MTT, colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell assays in NPC cells, and by a xenograft tumor model. Leptin-modulated glucose consumption and lactate production were assessed by ELISA. Furthermore, leptin-regulated signaling pathways were examined by QPCR and Western blotting assays. The immunoprecipitation assay was conducted to determine interaction between leptin and EGFR. In addition, miR-874-3p-regulated leptin expression was evaluated using bioinformatics, QPCR, luciferase assay, AGO2-RIP assay, and Western blotting.
Results
In this study, we found that leptin was highly expressed in the sera and tumor tissues of patients with NPC, and elevated leptin expression was associated with advanced clinical features and poor prognosis. Functional assays demonstrated that leptin remarkably promoted NPC cell growth, motility, and glycolysis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, leptin associated with EGFR, resulting in enhanced cell growth through the regulation of cell-cycle related markers, glycolysis-related genes, and EGFR/AKT/c-Myc signaling. Moreover, leptin potentiated the invasive capacity of NPC cells by promoting EMT. We further explored that miR-874-3p influenced leptin-mediated NPC progression. Overexpression of miR-874-3p prevented cell growth, motility, glucose consumption, and lactate production in NPC cells, whereas miR-874-3p inhibition had the opposite effects. AGO-RIP assays confirmed that Argonaute 2 (AGO2), a protein associated with miR-874-3p, regulated leptin expression in NPC cells. The rescue assays indicated that inhibition of leptin suppressed the effects of miR-874-3p inhibitor. In clinical specimens, miR-874-3p was negatively correlated with leptin.
Conclusions
Leptin may serve as a novel prognostic factor and potential therapeutic target for patients with NPC. In addition, a newly discovered regulatory axis of leptin/EGFR/AKT/c-Myc can provide a novel therapeutic strategy for NPC.
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Plasma concentration of Bisphenol A and leptin in patients with meningioma and glioma: A pilot study. Adv Med Sci 2022; 67:229-233. [PMID: 35594764 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent increase in incidence of meningiomas suggests the need to search for new risk factors. Leptin, a potentially pro-angiogenic and proliferative agent, could be a candidate for this role, as its expression correlates with body mass index (BMI). Because development of meningioma has also been linked to sex hormones, bisphenol A (BPA), a known xenoestrogen, can also be taken into consideration as a potential risk factor. The aim of this study was to determine plasma concentrations of both substances in patients with meningiomas and to match it to patients with gliomas - a group of brain tumors less hormone- and BMI-dependent. MATERIALS & METHODS Concentrations of BPA and leptin were measured in plasma of 24 patients with low grade meningioma and in 29 patients with glioma, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ELISA kits, respectively. The concentrations of both substances in patients with neoplasms were interpreted in relation to their concentration in healthy population, published in recent reports. RESULTS Free and conjugated BPA were present in both meningioma and glioma patients. Moreover, their concentrations far exceeded those reported in the healthy population. Nevertheless, the level of leptin revealed to be significantly higher in meningioma patients than in glioma patients. CONCLUSIONS Occurrence of both meningioma and glioma may be accompanied by increased concentrations of leptin and BPA. Further large-scale studies are needed to clarify whether the presence of both substances may play a role in pathogenesis or influence clinical course in patients with brain neoplasms.
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Parakh S, Ernst M, Poh AR. Multicellular Effects of STAT3 in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6228. [PMID: 34944848 PMCID: PMC8699548 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and accounts for 85% of lung cancer cases. Aberrant activation of the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) is frequently observed in NSCLC and is associated with a poor prognosis. Pre-clinical studies have revealed an unequivocal role for tumor cell-intrinsic and extrinsic STAT3 signaling in NSCLC by promoting angiogenesis, cell survival, cancer cell stemness, drug resistance, and evasion of anti-tumor immunity. Several STAT3-targeting strategies have also been investigated in pre-clinical models, and include preventing upstream receptor/ligand interactions, promoting the degradation of STAT3 mRNA, and interfering with STAT3 DNA binding. In this review, we discuss the molecular and immunological mechanisms by which persistent STAT3 activation promotes NSCLC development, and the utility of STAT3 as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in NSCLC. We also provide a comprehensive update of STAT3-targeting therapies that are currently undergoing clinical evaluation, and discuss the challenges associated with these treatment modalities in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagun Parakh
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia;
- Tumor Targeting Laboratory, The Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia;
| | - Matthias Ernst
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia;
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, The Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Ashleigh R. Poh
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia;
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, The Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
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Lin TC, Hsiao M. Leptin and Cancer: Updated Functional Roles in Carcinogenesis, Therapeutic Niches, and Developments. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062870. [PMID: 33799880 PMCID: PMC8002181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is an obesity-associated adipokine that is known to regulate energy metabolism and reproduction and to control appetite via the leptin receptor. Recent work has identified specific cell types other than adipocytes that harbor leptin and leptin receptor expression, particularly in cancers and tumor microenvironments, and characterized the role of this signaling axis in cancer progression. Furthermore, the prognostic significance of leptin in various types of cancer and the ability to noninvasively detect leptin levels in serum samples have attracted attention for potential clinical applications. Emerging findings have demonstrated the direct and indirect biological effects of leptin in regulating cancer proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis and chemoresistance, warranting the exploration of the underlying molecular mechanisms to develop a novel therapeutic strategy. In this review article, we summarize and integrate transcriptome and clinical data from cancer patients together with the recent findings related to the leptin signaling axis in the aforementioned malignant phenotypes. In addition, a comprehensive analysis of leptin and leptin receptor distribution in a pancancer panel and in individual cell types of specific organs at the single-cell level is presented, identifying those sites that are prone to leptin-mediated tumorigenesis. Our results shed light on the role of leptin in cancer and provide guidance and potential directions for further research for scientists in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Chieh Lin
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan;
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-27871243; Fax: +886-2-27899931
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Ghasemi A, Saeidi J, Azimi-Nejad M, Hashemy SI. Leptin-induced signaling pathways in cancer cell migration and invasion. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:243-260. [PMID: 30877623 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence indicates that obesity is associated with tumor development and progression. Leptin is an adipocyte-related hormone with a key role in energy metabolism and whose circulating levels are elevated in obesity. The effect of leptin on cancer progression and metastasis and its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Leptin can impact various steps in tumor metastasis, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM), and proteolysis of ECM components. To do so, leptin binds to its receptor (OB-Rb) to activate signaling pathways and downstream effectors that participate in tumor cell invasion as well as distant metastasis. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we describe metastasis steps in detail and characterize metastasis-related molecules activated by leptin, which may help to develop a roadmap that guides future work. In addition, we conclude that a profound understanding of the fundamental molecular processes that contribute to leptin-induced metastasis may pave the way for the development of new prognostic molecules and appropriate approaches to the treatment of obesity-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ghasemi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jafar Saeidi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Science, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mohsen Azimi-Nejad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Department of Genetic, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Xu M, Cao FL, Li N, Gao X, Su X, Jiang X. Leptin induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via activation of the ERK signaling pathway in lung cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4782-4788. [PMID: 30250542 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies revealed that leptin induces the growth and proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of lung cancer cells. However, the effect of leptin on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is not yet clear. In the present study, the effect of leptin on EMT was investigated as well as its underlying mechanisms in A549 cells. The ability of leptin to induce EMT was investigated by microscopic examination and western blotting. The impacts of leptin on cell migration, invasion and tumorigenesis were evaluated by wound healing, Transwell and colony formation assays, respectively. It was demonstrated that leptin induced EMT-associated morphological changes, namely a decrease in cell-cell contact and a more elongated morphological shape. Leptin decreased the expression levels of epithelial phenotype markers E-cadherin and keratin, increased the expression of mesenchymal phenotype marker Vimentin, and raised the expression of EMT-induced transcription factor ZEB-1. In addition, leptin activated the extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway and did not affect the activation of the protein kinase B signaling pathway in A549 cells. Leptin also promoted EMT-induced migration, invasion and tumorigenesis in vitro in A549 cells. The present study provides evidence that leptin induced EMT via the activation of the ERK signaling pathway and increased EMT-induced tumor phenotypes in lung cancer cells. These findings suggest that leptin may be a promising target for lung cancer treatment through the regulation of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The 88th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Fa-Le Cao
- Department of Neurology, The 88th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Naiyi Li
- Department of Medical Service, The 88th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Nephrology, The 88th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Xuejia Su
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The 88th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The 88th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
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Luo G, He Y, Yu X. Bone Marrow Adipocyte: An Intimate Partner With Tumor Cells in Bone Metastasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:339. [PMID: 30013512 PMCID: PMC6036292 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The high incidences of bone metastasis in patients with breast cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer still remains a puzzling issue. The "seeds and soil" hypothesis suggested that bone marrow (soil) may provide a favorable "niche" for tumor cells (seed). When seeking for effective ways to prevent and treat tumor bone metastasis, most researchers focus on tumor cells (seed) but not the bone marrow microenvironment (soil). In reality, only a fraction of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) could survive and colonize in bone. Thus, the bone marrow microenvironment could ultimately determine the fate of tumor cells that have migrated to bone. Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs) are abundant in the bone marrow microenvironment. Mounting evidence suggests that BMAs may play a dominant role in bone metastasis. BMAs could directly provide energy for tumor cells, enhance the tumor cell proliferation, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. BMAs are also known for releasing some inflammatory factors and adipocytokines to promote or inhibit bone metastasis. In this review, we made a comprehensive summary for the interaction between BMAs and bone metastasis. More importantly, we discussed the potentially promising methods for the prevention and treatment of bone metastasis. Genetic disruption and pharmaceutical inhibition may be effective in inhibiting the formation and pro-tumor functions of BMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojing Luo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuedong He
- Department of Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Yuedong He
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xijie Yu ;
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Ray A, Cleary MP. The potential role of leptin in tumor invasion and metastasis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 38:80-97. [PMID: 29158066 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The adipocyte-released hormone-like cytokine/adipokine leptin behaves differently in obesity compared to its functions in the normal healthy state. In obese individuals, elevated leptin levels act as a pro-inflammatory adipokine and are associated with certain types of cancers. Further, a growing body of evidence suggests that higher circulating leptin concentrations and/or elevated expression of leptin receptors (Ob-R) in tumors may be poor prognostic factors. Although the underlying pathological mechanisms of leptin's association with poor prognosis are not clear, leptin can impact the tumor microenvironment in several ways. For example, leptin is associated with a number of biological components that could lead to tumor cell invasion and distant metastasis. This includes interactions with carcinoma-associated fibroblasts, tumor promoting effects of infiltrating macrophages, activation of matrix metalloproteinases, transforming growth factor-β signaling, etc. Recent studies also have shown that leptin plays a role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, an important phenomenon for cancer cell migration and/or metastasis. Furthermore, leptin's potentiating effects on insulin-like growth factor-I, epidermal growth factor receptor and HER2/neu have been reported. Regarding unfavorable prognosis, leptin has been shown to influence both adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. Features of poor prognosis such as tumor invasion, lymph node involvement and distant metastasis have been recorded in several cancer types with higher levels of leptin and/or Ob-R. This review will describe the current scenario in a precise manner. In general, obesity indicates poor prognosis in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabha Ray
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Seton Hill University, Greensburg, PA 15601, United States
| | - Margot P Cleary
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, United States.
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Khabaz MN, Abdelrahman A, Butt N, Damnhory L, Elshal M, Aldahlawi AM, Ashoor S, Al-Maghrabi B, Dobson P, Brown B, Al-Sakkaf K, Al-Qahtani M, Al-Maghrabi J. Immunohistochemical staining of leptin is associated with grade, stage, lymph node involvement, recurrence, and hormone receptor phenotypes in breast cancer. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2017; 17:105. [PMID: 29121911 PMCID: PMC5680747 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-017-0459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity is part of the established risk factors for breast cancer (BC) in postmenopausal females. Circulating leptin increases in parallel with the increase of body weight and fat reservoir. Methods This research investigated the link between leptin phenotype and the clinicopathological factors in BC. A large set of breast cancer cases (449), and 27 non-cancerous tissue samples of breast were employed for leptin expression recognition using immunohistochemistry staining. Results Cytoplasmic immunohistochemical staining of leptin was recognized in 376 (83.7%) and 25 (92.6%) of BC and control cases respectively. Leptin immunostaining were significantly associated with age, histotypes, grade, stage, lymph node involvement, tumor recurrence, hormone receptor phenotypes, ER and HER2 expressions, and p-values were (P = 0.0233), (P = 0.0001), (P = 0.050), (P = 0.0291), (P = 0.0300), (P = 0.0023), (P = 0.0021), (P = 0.0279) respectively. Reasonable proportion of cases with low staining score was more prevalent in all subgroups of clinicopathological parameters except ER- PR+ HER2- hormone receptor phenotype and mucinous carcinoma which showed high level of leptin immunoreactivity. Tumor recurrence is less prevailing in high score leptin immunostaining cases. Furthermore, Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) test findings revealed considerably different survival distributions were observed for the different categories of leptin immunostaining scores (P = 0.032). Negative leptin immunostaining is related to poor survival. Conclusions Our preliminary findings support leptin clinical value in confirming BC diagnosis as well as prognosis. These results suggest that leptin molecule is an important biomarker that could identify type, grade, stage, lymph node involvement, relapse and prognosis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Nidal Khabaz
- Department of Pathology, Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer Abdelrahman
- Department of Pathology, Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem Butt
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lila Damnhory
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Elshal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science; Immunology Unit, KFMRC, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alia M Aldahlawi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science; Immunology Unit, KFMRC, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Swsan Ashoor
- Department of Radiology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basim Al-Maghrabi
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pauline Dobson
- Department of Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Barry Brown
- Department of Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kaltoom Al-Sakkaf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohmmad Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaudah Al-Maghrabi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80205, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Ray A. Tumor-linked HER2 expression: association with obesity and lipid-related microenvironment. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 32:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2017-0020/hmbci-2017-0020.xml. [PMID: 29087955 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2017-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with the risk of several health disorders including certain cancers. Among obesity-related cancers, postmenopausal breast carcinoma is a well-studied one. Apart from an increase in certain types of lipids in obesity, excess adipose tissue releases many hormone-like cytokines/adipokines, which are usually pro-inflammatory in nature. Leptin is one of such adipokines and significantly linked with the intracellular signaling pathways of other growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). In general, HER2 is overexpressed in roughly 30% of breast carcinomas; its presence indicates aggressive tumor behavior. Conversely, HER2 has certain effects in normal conditions such as differentiation of preadipocytes, cardiovascular health and vitamin D metabolism. HER2 has no known endogenous ligand, but it may form dimers with other three members of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family and can activate downstream signaling pathways. Furthermore, HER2 is intimately connected with several enzymes, e.g. fatty acid synthase (FASN), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), all of which play significant regulatory roles in lipogenic pathways or lipid metabolism. In obesity-related carcinogenesis, characteristics like insulin resistance and elevated IGF-1 are commonly observed. Both IGF-1 and leptin can modulate EGFR and HER2 signaling pathways. Although clinical studies have shown mixed results, the behavior of HER2+ tumor cells including HER2 levels can be altered by several factors such as obesity, leptin and fatty acids. A precise knowledge is useful in new therapeutic approaches against HER+ tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabha Ray
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Seton Hill University, 20 Seton Hill Drive, Greensburg, PA 15601, USA, Phone: +(724) 552-2882, Fax: +(724) 552-2865
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13
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Tong X, Ma Y, Zhou Q, He J, Peng B, Liu S, Yan Z, Yang X, Fan H. Serum and tissue leptin in lung cancer: A meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:19699-19711. [PMID: 28160559 PMCID: PMC5386715 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have found that leptin is involved in tumorigenesis and the progression of lung cancer. However, these studies were inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the role of leptin in the patients with lung cancer. A systematic literature search in the several databases and on commercial Internet search engines was carried out to identify studies published up to July 8, 2016. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to investigate the effect sizes. Finally, 21 eligible articles were included in the current meta-analysis. Overall, there is no relationship between levels of serum leptin and lung cancer. However, a subgroup analysis in high-study quality group found a weak association between serum leptin concentrations and lung cancer in Chinese (SMD=0.77, P=0.035). Additionally, the meta-analysis indicates that the serum leptin levels were lower in the weight-losing group than in the sustained weight group (SMD=-0.80, P=0.001). Further, there was evidence of a significant association between expression levels of leptin protein in tissue and lung cancer (OR=7.35, P<0.001). The present meta-analysis suggests that the serum and tissue leptin may be involved in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and tumor metastasis, especially among Chinese. However, the leptin may not appear to play an important role in cancer cachexia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Tong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yao Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qilong Zhou
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 404100, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Tradition Medicine LS.SC, Leshan, 614000, China
| | - Sitong Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhipeng Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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14
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Ho GYF, Zheng SL, Cushman M, Perez-Soler R, Kim M, Xue X, Wang T, Schlecht NF, Tinker L, Rohan TE, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Wallace R, Chen C, Xu J, Yu H. Associations of Insulin and IGFBP-3 with Lung Cancer Susceptibility in Current Smokers. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 108:djw012. [PMID: 27071409 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling network is involved in lung carcinogenesis. This study examined whether ligands that activate or suppress the EGFR signaling network were associated with lung cancer risk in ever smokers. METHODS A nested case-control study within the Women's Health Initiative assessed baseline plasma levels of insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-3, interleukin (IL)-6, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and nerve growth factor (NGF) in 1143 ever-smoking lung cancer cases and 1143 controls. Leptin was measured as an adiposity biomarker. Conditional logistic regression was used in data analyses. RESULTS Leptin was inversely associated with lung cancer risk (odds ratio [ORcontinuous] per Ln [pg/mL] = 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.74 to 0.98). After adjusting for adiposity and other risk factors, null associations were found for IL-6, HGF, and NGF. In current smokers, but not former smokers, high insulin levels were associated with increased lung cancer risk (OR for 4th quartile vs others [ORq4] = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.30 to 3.26) whereas IGFBP-3 had a linear inverse association (ORcontinuous per μg/mL = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.41 to 0.98). The insulin association was consistent across subgroups defined by body mass index and histological type, but the IGFBP-3 association was specific to small cell lung cancer. There was a modest positive association between IGF-1 and lung cancer risk in current smokers (ORq4 = 1.44, 95% CI = 0.90 to 2.29). CONCLUSIONS Independent of obesity, high insulin levels but reduced levels of IGFBP-3 were associated with increased lung cancer risk in current smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Y F Ho
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Great Neck, NY (GYFH); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (GYFH, MK, XX, TW, NFS, TER, SWS) and Department of Medicine (RPS, NFS), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT (MC); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA (LT, CC); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA (RW); NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI (HY)
| | - Siqun L Zheng
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Great Neck, NY (GYFH); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (GYFH, MK, XX, TW, NFS, TER, SWS) and Department of Medicine (RPS, NFS), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT (MC); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA (LT, CC); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA (RW); NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI (HY)
| | - Mary Cushman
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Great Neck, NY (GYFH); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (GYFH, MK, XX, TW, NFS, TER, SWS) and Department of Medicine (RPS, NFS), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT (MC); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA (LT, CC); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA (RW); NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI (HY)
| | - Roman Perez-Soler
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Great Neck, NY (GYFH); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (GYFH, MK, XX, TW, NFS, TER, SWS) and Department of Medicine (RPS, NFS), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT (MC); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA (LT, CC); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA (RW); NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI (HY)
| | - Mimi Kim
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Great Neck, NY (GYFH); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (GYFH, MK, XX, TW, NFS, TER, SWS) and Department of Medicine (RPS, NFS), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT (MC); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA (LT, CC); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA (RW); NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI (HY)
| | - Xiaonan Xue
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Great Neck, NY (GYFH); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (GYFH, MK, XX, TW, NFS, TER, SWS) and Department of Medicine (RPS, NFS), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT (MC); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA (LT, CC); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA (RW); NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI (HY)
| | - Tao Wang
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Great Neck, NY (GYFH); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (GYFH, MK, XX, TW, NFS, TER, SWS) and Department of Medicine (RPS, NFS), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT (MC); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA (LT, CC); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA (RW); NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI (HY)
| | - Nicolas F Schlecht
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Great Neck, NY (GYFH); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (GYFH, MK, XX, TW, NFS, TER, SWS) and Department of Medicine (RPS, NFS), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT (MC); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA (LT, CC); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA (RW); NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI (HY)
| | - Lesley Tinker
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Great Neck, NY (GYFH); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (GYFH, MK, XX, TW, NFS, TER, SWS) and Department of Medicine (RPS, NFS), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT (MC); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA (LT, CC); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA (RW); NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI (HY)
| | - Thomas E Rohan
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Great Neck, NY (GYFH); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (GYFH, MK, XX, TW, NFS, TER, SWS) and Department of Medicine (RPS, NFS), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT (MC); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA (LT, CC); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA (RW); NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI (HY)
| | - Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Great Neck, NY (GYFH); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (GYFH, MK, XX, TW, NFS, TER, SWS) and Department of Medicine (RPS, NFS), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT (MC); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA (LT, CC); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA (RW); NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI (HY)
| | - Robert Wallace
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Great Neck, NY (GYFH); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (GYFH, MK, XX, TW, NFS, TER, SWS) and Department of Medicine (RPS, NFS), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT (MC); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA (LT, CC); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA (RW); NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI (HY)
| | - Chu Chen
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Great Neck, NY (GYFH); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (GYFH, MK, XX, TW, NFS, TER, SWS) and Department of Medicine (RPS, NFS), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT (MC); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA (LT, CC); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA (RW); NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI (HY)
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Great Neck, NY (GYFH); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (GYFH, MK, XX, TW, NFS, TER, SWS) and Department of Medicine (RPS, NFS), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT (MC); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA (LT, CC); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA (RW); NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI (HY)
| | - Herbert Yu
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Great Neck, NY (GYFH); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (GYFH, MK, XX, TW, NFS, TER, SWS) and Department of Medicine (RPS, NFS), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT (MC); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA (LT, CC); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA (RW); NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI (HY)
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15
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Unsal M, Kara N, Karakus N, Tural S, Elbistan M. Effects of leptin and leptin receptor gene polymorphisms on lung cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:10231-6. [PMID: 25027400 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin (LEP), an adipocyte-derived cytokine, has been reported to participate in carcinogenesis. Elevated levels of systemic and pulmonary LEP are associated with diseases related to lung injury and lung cancer. The purpose of the present study was to investigate if the LEP and leptin receptor (LEPR) gene polymorphisms are associated with lung cancer in a cohort of Turkish population. One hundred and sixty-two lung cancer patients and 130 healthy controls were included in the study. The genotypes of LEP gene -2548G > A and LEPR gene Q223R polymorphisms were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The genotype frequencies of LEP -2548G > A polymorphism showed statistically significant differences between lung cancer patients and controls (p = 0.007). GA + AA genotypes and A allele of LEP -2548G > A polymorphism was found to be susceptibility factors for lung cancer (p = 0.003, odds ratio (OR) 2.32, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.32-4.10; p = 0.003, OR 1.65, 95 % CI 1.18-2.29, respectively). The genotype and allele frequencies of LEPR Q223R polymorphism did not show any statistically significant differences between lung cancer patients and controls (p = 0.782 and p = 0.762, respectively). Although AA-QQ and AA-QR combined genotypes of LEP -2548G > A-LEPR Q223R loci were significantly higher in lung cancer patients (p = 0.020 and p = 0.047, respectively), GG-QQ, GG-QR, and AA-RR combined genotypes were significantly higher in control group. As a result, susceptibility effects of LEP -2548G > A polymorphism alone or in combination with LEPR Q223R polymorphism on lung cancer were observed. Further studies are necessary to prove the association of LEP and LEPR gene polymorphisms with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meftun Unsal
- Department of Thoracic Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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16
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Wei T, Lu L, Shen Q, Fang C. [Advances of the relationship between leptin system and non-small cell lung cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2014; 17:347-50. [PMID: 24758911 PMCID: PMC6000024 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2014.04.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
瘦素系统在肺部炎症反应、癌症发生发展等过程中发挥重要作用,但是其在肿瘤微环境中的作用机理、对肺癌的诊断价值仍不明晰。本文就瘦素系统与非小细胞肺癌之间的关系,从瘦素及其受体在循环和肿瘤组织中的表达变化、瘦素信号转导通路、瘦素与调节性T细胞的相互作用和瘦素及其受体的基因多态性等方面进行叙述,以期为非小细胞肺癌的诊治提供新方法。
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Wei
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Longkun Lu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chaoping Fang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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17
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Pathak RR, Grover A, Malaney P, Quarni W, Pandit A, Allen-Gipson D, Davé V. Loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) induces leptin-mediated leptin gene expression: feed-forward loop operating in the lung. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:29821-35. [PMID: 23963458 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.481523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of systemic and pulmonary leptin are associated with diseases related to lung injury and lung cancer. However, the role of leptin in lung biology and pathology, including the mechanism of leptin gene expression in the pathogenesis of lung diseases, including lung cancer, remains elusive. Here, using conditional deletion of tumor suppressor gene Pten in the lung epithelium in vivo in transgenic mice and human PTEN-null lung epithelial cells, we identify the leptin-driven feed-forward signaling loop in the lung epithelial cells. Leptin-mediated leptin/leptin-receptor gene expression likely amplifies leptin signaling that may contribute to the pathogenesis and severity of lung diseases, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. Loss of Pten in the lung epithelial cells in vivo activated adipokine signaling and induced leptin synthesis as ascertained by genome-wide mRNA profiling and pathway analysis. Leptin gene transcription was mediated by binding of transcription factors NRF-1 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (C/EBP) to the proximal promoter regions and STAT3 to the distal promoter regions as revealed by leptin promoter-mutation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and gain- and loss-of-function studies in lung epithelial cells. Leptin treatment induced expression of the leptin/leptin receptor in the lung epithelial cells via activation of MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways. Expression of constitutively active MEK-1, AKT, and STAT3 proteins increased expression, and treatment with MEK, PI3K, AKT, and mTOR inhibitors decreased LEP expression, indicating that leptin via MAPK/ERK1/2, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and JAK2/STAT3 pathways, in turn, further induces its own gene expression. Thus, targeted inhibition of the leptin-mediated feed-forward loop provides a novel rationale for pharmacotherapy of disease associated with lung injury and remodeling, including lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Ramesh Pathak
- From the Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine
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18
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Alberg AJ, Brock MV, Ford JG, Samet JM, Spivack SD. Epidemiology of lung cancer: Diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 2013; 143:e1S-e29S. [PMID: 23649439 DOI: 10.1378/chest.12-2345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 453] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ever since a lung cancer epidemic emerged in the mid-1900 s, the epidemiology of lung cancer has been intensively investigated to characterize its causes and patterns of occurrence. This report summarizes the key findings of this research. METHODS A detailed literature search provided the basis for a narrative review, identifying and summarizing key reports on population patterns and factors that affect lung cancer risk. RESULTS Established environmental risk factors for lung cancer include smoking cigarettes and other tobacco products and exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke, occupational lung carcinogens, radiation, and indoor and outdoor air pollution. Cigarette smoking is the predominant cause of lung cancer and the leading worldwide cause of cancer death. Smoking prevalence in developing nations has increased, starting new lung cancer epidemics in these nations. A positive family history and acquired lung disease are examples of host factors that are clinically useful risk indicators. Risk prediction models based on lung cancer risk factors have been developed, but further refinement is needed to provide clinically useful risk stratification. Promising biomarkers of lung cancer risk and early detection have been identified, but none are ready for broad clinical application. CONCLUSIONS Almost all lung cancer deaths are caused by cigarette smoking, underscoring the need for ongoing efforts at tobacco control throughout the world. Further research is needed into the reasons underlying lung cancer disparities, the causes of lung cancer in never smokers, the potential role of HIV in lung carcinogenesis, and the development of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Alberg
- Hollings Cancer Center and the Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
| | - Malcolm V Brock
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jean G Ford
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jonathan M Samet
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Simon D Spivack
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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19
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Ntikoudi E, Kiagia M, Boura P, Syrigos KN. Hormones of adipose tissue and their biologic role in lung cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2013; 40:22-30. [PMID: 23870486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adipose tissue secretes numerous bioactive peptides, collectively termed "adipocytokines" or "adipokines". Adipokines act in a paracrine, autocrine, or endocrine manner and regulate several physiological and pathological processes. Increasing evidence indicates that adipokines are implicated also in several malignancies, including lung cancer as well. AIM The aim of this study is to summarize data concerning adipokines in lung cancer pathogenesis, prognosis and survival; the role of adipokines in lung cancer cachexia is also examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in the electronic database of Medline. Several studies and review articles met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Leptin and adiponectin are the best studied adipokines. The majority of the relevant studies has investigated the potential correlations mainly between leptin, adiponectin, and sometimes also resistin, and nutritional status, systemic inflammation of lung cancer or lung cancer cachexia and have also assessed their prognostic significance. Few other studies have studied genetic variations in leptin, leptin receptor and adiponectin genes and their association with lung cancer susceptibility and prognosis. The ongoing list of adipokines associated with lung cancer also includes resistin, chemerin, and visfatin. CONCLUSIONS Increasing evidence points to the involvement of certain adipocytokines in lung cancer development, progression and prognosis. No conclusive evidence exists so far with regards to the role of adipocytokines in lung cancer cachexia. Future, longitudinal studies are warranted in order to clarify the role of adipocytokines in lung cancer and also uncover adipocytokines as novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ntikoudi
- Oncology Unit, Third Department of Medicine, Athens University School of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, Building Z, 152 Mesogion Avenue, 115 27 Athens, Greece.
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Li Z, Yuan W, Ning S, Li J, Zhai W, Zhang S. Role of leptin receptor (LEPR) gene polymorphisms and haplotypes in susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma in subjects with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Mol Diagn Ther 2013; 16:383-8. [PMID: 23090836 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-012-0008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The reported association of the leptin receptor (LEPR) protein with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) carcinogenesis prompted us to evaluate whether genetic polymorphisms of the LEPR gene affect susceptibility to HCC and its clinicopathologic characteristics. METHODS A total of 417 subjects who were diagnosed with HCC and 551 age- and sex-matched subjects without HCC were enrolled in this study. All subjects had chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the LEPR gene were determined. RESULTS The genotype frequencies of Lys109Arg and Gln223Arg differed significantly between HCC and non-HCC subjects (both p < 0.001). For the Lys109Arg polymorphism, HCC subjects had a higher prevalence of 109Arg/Arg than non-HCC subjects. The 109Arg/Arg carriers had a significantly higher adjusted risk of HCC than the 109Lys/Lys carriers. For the Gln223Arg polymorphism, subjects with the 223Arg/Arg genotype had a significantly higher risk of HCC than those with the 223Gln/Gln genotype. The Lys656Asn SNP did not affect the HCC risk. Haplotype analyses showed that subjects with 109Lys-656Lys-223Arg and 109Arg-656Asn-223Arg haplotypes had an increased HCC risk, while the 109Lys-656Lys-223Gln and 109Lys-656Asn-223Gln haplotypes had protective effects against HCC development. None of these polymorphisms were related to the clinicopathologic features of HCC. CONCLUSION The Lys109Arg and Gln223Arg polymorphisms of the LEPR gene are associated with susceptibility to HCC but not with its clinicopathologic features. These polymorphisms may represent genetic markers for the risk of HCC in the context of chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Ali Assad N, Sood A. Leptin, adiponectin and pulmonary diseases. Biochimie 2012; 94:2180-9. [PMID: 22445899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue produces leptin and adiponectin - energy-regulating adipokines that may also play a role in inflammatory pulmonary conditions, as suggested by some murine studies. Leptin and adiponectin and their respective receptors are expressed in the human lung. The association between systemic or airway leptin and asthma in humans is currently controversial, particularly among adults. The majority of the evidence among children however suggests that systemic leptin may be associated with greater asthma prevalence and severity, particularly among prepubertal boys and peripubertal/postpubertal girls. Systemic and airway leptin concentrations may also be disproportionately higher in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, particularly among women, and reflect greater airway inflammation and disease severity. Quite like leptin, the association between systemic and airway adiponectin and asthma in humans is also controversial. Some but not all studies, demonstrate that serum adiponectin concentrations are protective against asthma among premenopausal women and peripubertal girls. On the other hand, serum adiponectin concentrations are inversely associated with asthma severity among boys but positively associated among men. Further, systemic and airway adiponectin concentrations are higher in COPD patients than controls, as demonstrated by case-control studies of men. Systemic adiponectin is also positively associated with lung function in healthy adults but inversely associated with lung function in subjects with COPD. It is therefore possible that pro-inflammatory effects of adiponectin dominate under certain physiologic conditions and anti-inflammatory effects under others. The adipokine-lung disease literature has critical gaps that include a lack of adequately powered longitudinal or weight-intervention studies; inadequate adjustment for confounding effect of obesity; and unclear understanding of potential sex interactions. It is also uncertain whether adipokine derangements precede pulmonary disease or are a consequence of it. Future research will determine whether modulation of adipokines, independent of BMI, may allow novel ways to prevent or treat inflammatory pulmonary conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Ali Assad
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC 10 5550, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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