1
|
Ding P, Chen P, Ouyang J, Li Q, Li S. Clinicopathological and prognostic value of epithelial cell adhesion molecule in solid tumours: a meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1242231. [PMID: 37664060 PMCID: PMC10468606 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1242231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant tumors, mainly solid tumors, are a significant obstacle to the improvement of life expectancy at present. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), a cancer stem cell biomarker, showed widespread expression in most normal epithelial cells and most cancers. Although the clinical significance of EpCAM in various malignant solid tumors has been studied extensively, the latent relationships between EpCAM and pathological and clinical characteristics in solid tumors and differences in the roles of EpCAM among tumors have not been clearly determined. The destination point of this study was to analyze the value of EpCAM in solid tumors in clinicopathological and prognostic dimension using a meta-analysis approach. Method and materials A comprehensive and systematic search of the researches published up to March 7th, 2022, in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane library and PMC databases was performed. The relationships between EpCAM overexpression, clinicopathological characteristics, and survival outcomes were analyzed. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and odds ratios (ORs) were estimated as indicators of the degree of correlation. This research was registered on PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews), ID: CRD42022315070. Results In total, 57 articles and 14184 cases were included in this study. High EpCAM expression had a significant coherence with a poorer overall survival (OS) (HR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.08-1.58, P < 0.01) and a worse disease-free survival (DFS) (HR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.28-1.95, P < 0.01), especially of gastrointestinal tumors' OS (HR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.15-1.95, P < 0.01), and DFS (HR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.52-2.33, P < 0.01). The DFS of head and neck tumors (HR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.51-3.61, P < 0.01) was also associated with the overexpression of EpCAM. There were no positive relationships between the overexpression of EpCAM and sex (RR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.99-1.07, P = 0.141), T classification (RR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.82-1.06, P = 0.293), lymph node metastasis (RR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.54-1.32, P = 0.461), distant metastasis (RR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.84-1.10, P = 0.606), vascular infiltration (RR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.85-1.29, P = 0.611), and TNM stage (RR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.83-1.04, P = 0.187). However, the overexpression of EpCAM exhibited a significant association with the histological grades (RR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80-0.97, P < 0.01). Conclusion Based on pooled HRs, the positive expression of EpCAM was totally correlated to a worse OS and DFS in solid tumors. The expression of EpCAM was related to a worse OS in gastrointestinal tumors and a worse DFS in gastrointestinal tumors and head and neck tumors. Moreover, EpCAM expression was correlated with the histological grade. The results presented pointed out that EpCAM could serve as a prognostic biomarker for gastrointestinal and head and neck tumors. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42022315070.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Ding
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Clinical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Panyu Chen
- Operating Room, Sichuan University West China Hospital School of Nursing, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiqi Ouyang
- Department of Gastroenterology, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Clinical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shijie Li
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Clinical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Černe K, Kelhar N, Resnik N, Herzog M, Vodnik L, Veranič P, Kobal B. Characteristics of Extracellular Vesicles from a High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Cell Line Derived from a Platinum-Resistant Patient as a Potential Tool for Aiding the Prediction of Responses to Chemotherapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:907. [PMID: 37375854 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum-resistant high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is invariably a fatal disease. A central goal of ovarian cancer research is therefore to develop new strategies to overcome platinum resistance. Treatment is thus moving towards personalized therapy. However, validated molecular biomarkers that predict patients' risk of developing platinum resistance are still lacking. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising candidate biomarkers. EpCAM-specific EVs are largely unexplored biomarkers for predicting chemoresistance. Using transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and flow cytometry, we compared the characteristics of EVs released from a cell line derived from a clinically confirmed cisplatin-resistant patient (OAW28) and EVs released from two cell lines from tumors sensitive to platinum-based chemotherapy (PEO1 and OAW42). We demonstrated that EVs released from the HGSOC cell line of chemoresistant patients exhibited greater size heterogeneity, a larger proportion of medium/large (>200 nm) Evs and a higher number of released EpCAM-positive EVs of different sizes, although the expression of EpCAM was predominant in EVs larger than 400 nm. We also found a strong positive correlation between the concentration of EpCAM-positive EVs and the expression of cellular EpCAM. These results may contribute to the prediction of platinum resistance in the future, although they should first be validated in clinical samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Černe
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nuša Kelhar
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Resnik
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maruša Herzog
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lana Vodnik
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Veranič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Borut Kobal
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang X, Lin FK, Li JR, Wang HS. A Comprehensive Risk Assessment Model for Ovarian Cancer Patients with Phospho-STAT3 and IL-31 as Immune Infiltration Relevant Genes. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:5617-5628. [PMID: 32606776 PMCID: PMC7305843 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s254494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ovarian carcinoma is a malignant tumor with a high mortality rate and a lack of effective treatment options for patients at advanced stages. For improving outcomes and helping patients with poor prognosis, choose a suitable therapy and an excellent risk assessment model and new treatment options are needed. Materials and Methods Ovarian cancer gene expression profile of GSE32062 was downloaded from the NCBI GEO database for screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between well and poor prognosis groups using limma package in R (version 3.4.1). Prognosis-related genes and clinical prognostic factors were obtained from univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, and a comprehensive risk assessment model was constructed using a Pathway Dysregulation Score (PDS) matrix, Cox-Proportional Hazards (Cox-PH) regression, as well as L1-least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (L1-LASSO) penalization. Then, significant DEGs were converted to pathways and optimal prognosis-related pathways were screened. Finally, risk prediction models based on pathways, genes involved in pathways, and comprehensive clinical risk factors with pathways were built. Their prognostic functions were assessed in verification sets. Besides, genes involved in immune-pathways were checked for immune infiltration using immunohistochemistry. Results A superior risk assessment model involving 9 optimal combinations of pathways and one clinical factor was constructed. The pathway-based model was found to be superior to the gene-based model. Phospho-STAT3 (from JAK-STAT signaling pathway) and IL-31 (from DEGs) were found to be related to immune infiltration. Conclusion We have generated a comprehensive risk assessment model consisting of a clinical risk factor and pathways that showed a possible bright foreground. The set of significant pathways might play as a better prognosis model which is more accurate and applicable than the DEG set. Besides, p-STAT3 and IL-31 showing correlation to immune infiltration of ovarian cancer tissues may be potential therapeutic targets for treating ovarian cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Kai Lin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Rui Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu-Sheng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tan HL, Choo A. Opportunities for Antibody Discovery Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: Conservation of Oncofetal Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5752. [PMID: 31731794 PMCID: PMC6888136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) comprise both embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The application of pluripotent stem cells is divided into four main areas, namely: (i) regenerative therapy, (ii) the study and understanding of developmental biology, (iii) drug screening and toxicology and (iv) disease modeling. In this review, we describe a new opportunity for PSCs, the discovery of new biomarkers and generating antibodies against these biomarkers. PSCs are good sources of immunogen for raising monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) because of the conservation of oncofetal antigens between PSCs and cancer cells. Hence mAbs generated using PSCs can potentially be applied in two different fields. First, these mAbs can be used in regenerative cell therapy to characterize the PSCs. In addition, the mAbs can be used to separate or eliminate contaminating or residual undifferentiated PSCs from the differentiated cell product. This step is critical as undifferentiated PSCs can form teratomas in vivo. The mAbs generated against PSCs can also be used in the field of oncology. Here, novel targets can be identified and the mAbs developed as targeted therapy to kill the cancer cells. Conversely, as new and novel oncofetal biomarkers are discovered on PSCs, cancer mAbs that are already approved by the FDA can be repurposed for regenerative medicine, thus expediting the route to the clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liang Tan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore 138668, Singapore;
| | - Andre Choo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore 138668, Singapore;
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu Y, Shen K. Identification of potential key genes associated with ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:5461-5470. [PMID: 30519094 PMCID: PMC6234989 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s187156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is the major cause of death from cancer among females worldwide. Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is considered a distinct histopathologic subtype with worse prognosis and resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Materials and methods We analyzed five microarray datasets derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. GEO2R tool was used to screen out differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between OCCC tumor and normal ovary tissue. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis were performed using the g:Profiler database and Cytoscape. Based on Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes, we performed protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis on the DEGs. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blotting in frozen samples of normal ovary and OCCC were performed to verify the expression difference of hub genes in OCCC patients. Results Thirty upregulated DEGs and 13 downregulated DEGs were identified by cross referencing. Six were chosen as hub genes with high connectivity degree via PPI network analysis, including two upregulated and four downregulated. RT-PCR and Western blotting results showed significant expression difference of the two upregulated genes, SPP1 and EPCAM, between tumor and normal tissues. Conclusion Our research suggests that SPP1 and EPCAM are overexpressed in OCCC compared with normal ovary tissue. Clinical study of large sample is required to evaluate the value of SPP1 and EPCAM in the precision treatment and prognostic influence on OCCC in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youzheng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Eastern District, Beijing 100730, China,
| | - Keng Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Eastern District, Beijing 100730, China,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tan HL, Yong C, Tan BZ, Fong WJ, Padmanabhan J, Chin A, Ding V, Lau A, Zheng L, Bi X, Yang Y, Choo A. Conservation of oncofetal antigens on human embryonic stem cells enables discovery of monoclonal antibodies against cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11608. [PMID: 30072783 PMCID: PMC6072701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are used as targeted therapies against cancers. These mAbs kill cancer cells via various mechanisms of actions. In this study, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) was used as the immunogen to generate a panel of antibodies. From this panel of mAbs, A19 was found to bind both hESC and various cancer cell lines. The antigen target of A19 was identified as Erbb-2 and glycan analysis showed that A19 binds to a N-glycan epitope on the antigen. A19 was elucidated to internalize into cancer cells following binding to Erbb-2 and hence developed as an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). Using ADC as the mechanism of action, A19 was able to kill cancer cells in vitro and delayed the onset of tumour formation in mice xenograft model. When compared to Herceptin, A19 binds to different isoforms of Erbb-2 and does not compete with Herceptin for the same epitope. Hence, A19 has the potential to be developed as an alternative targeted therapeutic agent for cancers expressing Erbb-2.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/pharmacology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Human Embryonic Stem Cells/immunology
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liang Tan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Charlene Yong
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bao Zhu Tan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wey Jia Fong
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jayanthi Padmanabhan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angela Chin
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Ding
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ally Lau
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lu Zheng
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xuezhi Bi
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuansheng Yang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andre Choo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Herreros-Pomares A, Aguilar-Gallardo C, Calabuig-Fariñas S, Sirera R, Jantus-Lewintre E, Camps C. EpCAM duality becomes this molecule in a new Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde tale. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 126:52-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
|
8
|
Chang PY, Liao YP, Wang HC, Chen YC, Huang RL, Wang YC, Yuan CC, Lai HC. An epigenetic signature of adhesion molecules predicts poor prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:53432-53449. [PMID: 28881822 PMCID: PMC5581121 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a promising biomarker for cancer. The epigenetic effects of cell adhesion molecules may affect the therapeutic outcome and the present study examined their effects on survival in ovarian cancer. We integrated methylomics and genomics datasets in The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 391) and identified 106 highly methylated adhesion-related genes in ovarian cancer tissues. Univariate analysis revealed the methylation status of eight genes related to progression-free survival. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, four highly methylated genes (CD97, CTNNA1, DLC1, HAPLN2) and three genes (LAMA4, LPP, MFAP4) with low methylation were significantly associated with poor progression-free survival. Low methylation of VTN was an independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival after adjustment for age and stage. Patients who carried any two of CTNNA1, DLC1 or MFAP4 were significantly associated with poor progression-free survival (hazard ratio: 1.59; 95% confidence interval: 1.23, 2.05). This prognostic methylation signature was validated in a methylomics dataset generated in our lab (n = 37, hazard ratio: 16.64; 95% confidence interval: 2.68, 103.14) and in another from the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study (n = 91, hazard ratio: 2.43; 95% confidence interval: 1.11, 5.36). Epigenetics of cell adhesion molecules is related to ovarian cancer prognosis. A more comprehensive methylomics of cell adhesion molecules is needed and may advance personalized treatment with adhesion molecule-related drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ying Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Republic of China.,Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ping Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Hui-Chen Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chih Chen
- Division of Research and Analysis, Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Rui-Lan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Republic of China
| | - Chiou-Chung Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Republic of China
| | - Hung-Cheng Lai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Republic of China.,Translational Epigenetic Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Han S, Zong S, Shi Q, Li H, Liu S, Yang W, Li W, Hou F. Is Ep-CAM Expression a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer? A Systematic Meta-Analysis. EBioMedicine 2017; 20:61-69. [PMID: 28558958 PMCID: PMC5478257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cell (CSC) epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM) is frequently expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the clinical significance of Ep-CAM expression in CRC is not clear. This study evaluated whether Ep-CAM provided valuable insight as a molecular biomarker for CRC diagnosis and prognosis and the potential of Ep-CAM as a novel therapeutic target in CRC. Methods Publications were selected online using electronic databases. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), and the combined sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated and summarized. Results Eleven eligible articles published in English involving 4561 cases were analyzed in this study. Ep-CAM expression was significantly higher in CRC compared with normal controls, and its overexpression was negatively linked to tumor differentiation, tumor stage, vascular invasion, depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and tumor budding in CRC patients. The loss of Ep-CAM expression positively correlated with these characteristics. Multivariate analysis of loss of Ep-CAM expression correlated with a poor prognosis in disease-free survival (DFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS). The pooled sensitivity, specificity and AUC values of Ep-CAM expression in patients with CRC vs. normal controls were 0.93, 0.90, and 0.94, respectively. Conclusions The present findings suggest that Ep-CAM expression may be associated with CRC carcinogenesis, while the loss of Ep-CAM expression is correlated with the progression, metastasis, and poor prognosis of CRC. Ep-CAM expression may be a useful biomarker for the clinical diagnosis of CRC. Cancer stem cell (CSC) epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM) expression may correlate with CRC tumorigenesis. Frequent overexpression of Ep-CAM was a favorable factor for CRC progression and metastasis.
Loss of Ep-CAM expression correlated with the progression, metastasis, and poor prognosis of patients with CRC. Ep-CAM expression may be a potential marker for the detection of CRC.
Ep-CAM expression was reported in CRC, but no clear direction for the diagnostic and prognostic effects of Ep-CAM expression was documented in patients with CRC. We performed a systematic meta-analysis of the existing evidence to determine the clinical significance of Ep-CAM expression in CRC. The findings indicated that Ep-CAM expression was associated with CRC risk. Frequent overexpression of Ep-CAM correlated with a decreased risk of CRC progression and metastasis, and loss of Ep-CAM expression played an important role in CRC progression, metastasis and prognosis. The detection of Ep-CAM expression may be a promising biomarker in diagnosing CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susu Han
- Oncology Department of Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai TCM University, 274 Zhijiang Road, Shanghai 200071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoqi Zong
- Oncology Department of Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai TCM University, 274 Zhijiang Road, Shanghai 200071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Shi
- Oncology Department of Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai TCM University, 274 Zhijiang Road, Shanghai 200071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjia Li
- Oncology Department of Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai TCM University, 274 Zhijiang Road, Shanghai 200071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Oncology Department of Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai TCM University, 274 Zhijiang Road, Shanghai 200071, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- Oncology Department of Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai TCM University, 274 Zhijiang Road, Shanghai 200071, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- Oncology Department of Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai TCM University, 274 Zhijiang Road, Shanghai 200071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fenggang Hou
- Oncology Department of Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai TCM University, 274 Zhijiang Road, Shanghai 200071, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tang LL, Yuan A, Collins J, Che X, Chan L. Unified Least Squares Methods for the Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests With the Gold Standard. Cancer Inform 2017; 16:1176935116686063. [PMID: 28469385 PMCID: PMC5392027 DOI: 10.1177/1176935116686063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The article proposes a unified least squares method to estimate the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) parameters for continuous and ordinal diagnostic tests, such as cancer biomarkers. The method is based on a linear model framework using the empirically estimated sensitivities and specificities as input "data." It gives consistent estimates for regression and accuracy parameters when the underlying continuous test results are normally distributed after some monotonic transformation. The key difference between the proposed method and the method of Tang and Zhou lies in the response variable. The response variable in the latter is transformed empirical ROC curves at different thresholds. It takes on many values for continuous test results, but few values for ordinal test results. The limited number of values for the response variable makes it impractical for ordinal data. However, the response variable in the proposed method takes on many more distinct values so that the method yields valid estimates for ordinal data. Extensive simulation studies are conducted to investigate and compare the finite sample performance of the proposed method with an existing method, and the method is then used to analyze 2 real cancer diagnostic example as an illustration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liansheng Larry Tang
- Department of Statistics, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ao Yuan
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John Collins
- Department of Statistics, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xuan Che
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leighton Chan
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Battista MJ, Schmidt M, Jakobi S, Cotarelo C, Almstedt K, Heimes AS, Makris GM, Weyer V, Lebrecht A, Hoffmann G, Eichbaum M. c-met is overexpressed in type I ovarian cancer: Results of an investigative analysis in a cohort of consecutive ovarian cancer patients. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2001-2007. [PMID: 27602128 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase c-met alters signaling cascades such as the BRAF-MAPK and PI3K-PKB pathways. These alterations are involved in the carcinogenesis of type I but not type II ovarian cancer (OC). Therefore, the present study investigated the patterns of c-met expression in a cohort of consecutive patients with OC. c-met expression was determined by immunohistochemical analysis. Differences in c-met overexpression among subgroups of established clinicopathological features, including age, histological subtype, tumor stage, histological grading, post-operative tumor burden and completeness of chemotherapy, were determined by χ2 test. Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the prognostic effect of c-met. Survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. A total of 106 patients were enrolled into the study. c-met was overexpressed in 20.8% of the entire cohort; 35.7% of patients with type I OC and 8.6% of patients with type II OC showed overexpression (P=0.001). However, c-met overexpression was not associated with any other established clinicopathological features (all P-values >0.05). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that overexpression of c-met was associated neither with progression-free survival (PFS) nor with disease-specific survival (DSS) (P=0.835 and P=0.414, respectively). Kaplan-Meier plots also failed to demonstrate an effect of c-met on the 5-year PFS and DSS rates (P=0.938 and P=0.412, respectively). These findings support the hypotheses that the overexpression of c-met is associated with type I but not type II OC, and that overexpression of c-met does not affect the prognosis of OC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Johannes Battista
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz D-55131, Germany
| | - Marcus Schmidt
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz D-55131, Germany
| | - Sina Jakobi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz D-55131, Germany
| | - Cristina Cotarelo
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz D-55131, Germany
| | - Katrin Almstedt
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz D-55131, Germany
| | - Anne-Sophie Heimes
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz D-55131, Germany
| | - Georgios-Marios Makris
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz D-55131, Germany
| | - Veronika Weyer
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz D-55131, Germany
| | - Antje Lebrecht
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz D-55131, Germany
| | - Gerald Hoffmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz D-55131, Germany
| | - Michael Eichbaum
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Marienkrankenhaus Frankfurt, Frankfurt D-60318, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Battista MJ, Goetze K, Schmidt M, Cotarelo C, Weyer-Elberich V, Hasenburg A, Mueller-Klieser W, Walenta S. Feasibility of induced metabolic bioluminescence imaging in advanced ovarian cancer patients: first results of a pilot study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:1909-16. [PMID: 27342420 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The precise determination of energy metabolites is challenged by the heterogeneity of their distribution, their rapid changes after surgical resection and the architectural complexity of malignancies. Induced metabolic bioluminescence imaging (imBI) allows to determine energy metabolites in tissue sections and to co-localize these with histological structures based on consecutive sections stained with HE. In this prospective pilot study patients with suspected advanced ovarian cancer (OC) were enrolled to prove the feasibility of imBI. METHODS During surgery, suspicious peritoneal metastases were resected and transferred in liquid nitrogen within 30 s. ATP, glucose and lactate concentrations were measured. Furthermore, the expression of monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and MCT4 was determined by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS 16 patients were screened, 12 entered the study. Final histological assessment revealed ten malignant and two benign peritoneal lesions. In all 12 cases high concentrations of ATP suggested that energy metabolism was not altered by the surgical and transport procedures (mean 0.56 μmol/g, range 0.24-1.21 μmol/g). The mean concentration of glucose was 1.95 μmol/g (range 0.58-4.71 μmol/g). The concentration of lactate was drastically higher in the ten OC cases (mean 24.79 μmol/g, range 17.51-37.16 μmol/g) compared to the benign samples (mean 5.98 μmol/g, range 5.43-6.54 μmol/g). Lactate concentrations seem to correlate with MCT1 (spearman rank correlation ρ = 0.624, 0.05 > p > 0.025), but not with MCT4 (spearman rank correlation ρ = 0.018, p > 0.1). CONCLUSIONS ImBI is feasible in peritoneal metastases of OC and encourages further effort to elucidate the role of glucose, lactate, MCT1 and MCT4 in OC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Johannes Battista
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Kristina Goetze
- Institute for Pathophysiology, University Medical Centre Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcus Schmidt
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Cristina Cotarelo
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Veronika Weyer-Elberich
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Annette Hasenburg
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Walenta
- Institute for Pathophysiology, University Medical Centre Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Validation of a two-tier grading system in an unselected, consecutive cohort of serous ovarian cancer patients. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016; 294:599-606. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-016-4070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
14
|
|
15
|
Heubner M, Wimberger P, Kasimir-Bauer S, Singer BB, Ruf P, Kimmig R, Siffert W. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the EpCAM-coding gene TACSTD1 in patients with ovarian cancer and their potential translational aspects. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2015; 292:1367-72. [PMID: 26115884 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-015-3802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE EpCAM is overexpressed in many neoplasms including ovarian cancer. We screened the EpCAM-coding gene TACSTD1 for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which could alter ovarian cancer risk, impact upon disease progression, or alter binding of the therapeutic EpCAM-binding antibody, catumaxomab. METHODS DNA fragments of 10 healthy volunteers were analyzed to identify SNPs. Subsequently, DNA of ovarian cancer patients (n = 117) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 115) was genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism and pyrosequencing. TACSTD1 genotypes 4461T>C were cloned into a gene expression vector; Hek293 cells were subsequently used for stable transfection. FACS analysis of the transfected Hek293 cells was conducted with HO-3-the EpCAM binding site of catumaxomab-to determine antibody binding. RESULTS One SNP was detected in exon 3 (4461T>C; rs1126497), resulting in an amino acid exchange at position 115 (Met115Thr). Another polymorphism was found in the 3'UTR (17225A>G; rs1421). Genotyping of patients and controls for these SNPs did not reveal significant differences in genotype distribution. Regarding 17225A>G, the homozygous AA-genotype was associated with diminished progression-free survival (PFS; p = 0.032). Overall survival, FIGO-stage, grading, and age did not differ significantly between genotypes. FACS analysis of transfected Hek293 cells overexpressing EpCAM 115Met/Thr showed binding of HO-3 to both proteins. CONCLUSIONS The AA-genotype of 17225A>G seems to be associated with diminished PFS in ovarian cancer patients. The amino acid exchange resulting from 4461T>C does not appear to alter binding of HO-3, suggesting that treatment with catumaxomab can be offered to patients regardless of their TACSTD1-genotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Heubner
- Institute of Pharmacogenetics, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Faculty, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany. .,DKTK Deutsches Konsortium für translationale Krebsforschung, Partnerstandorte Essen/Düsseldorf und, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Pauline Wimberger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Dresden, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,DKTK Deutsches Konsortium für translationale Krebsforschung, Partnerstandorte Essen/Düsseldorf und, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine Kasimir-Bauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Faculty, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.,DKTK Deutsches Konsortium für translationale Krebsforschung, Partnerstandorte Essen/Düsseldorf und, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernhard B Singer
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Ruf
- TRION Research GmbH, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rainer Kimmig
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Faculty, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.,DKTK Deutsches Konsortium für translationale Krebsforschung, Partnerstandorte Essen/Düsseldorf und, Dresden, Germany
| | - Winfried Siffert
- Institute of Pharmacogenetics, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,DKTK Deutsches Konsortium für translationale Krebsforschung, Partnerstandorte Essen/Düsseldorf und, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee M. Prognostic impact of epithelial cell adhesion molecule in ovarian cancer patients. J Gynecol Oncol 2015; 25:352-4. [PMID: 25310035 PMCID: PMC4195308 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2014.25.4.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ward K, Amaya C, Verma K, Tran D, Diaz D, Torabi A, Bryan BA. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule is expressed in a subset of sarcomas and correlates to the degree of cytological atypia in leiomyosarcomas. Mol Clin Oncol 2014; 3:31-36. [PMID: 25469266 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2014.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a protein involved in cell-to-cell attachment and is considered to be strictly expressed in epithelial tissues and epithelial-derived tumors. Furthermore, EpCAM has been shown to be a negative prognostic marker for several carcinomas. In this study, we performed a genomic meta-analysis of gene expression profiles housed in the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia to demonstrate that EpCAM mRNA is expressed at low to moderate levels in certain sarcoma cell lines. We utilized immunohistochemical staining to confirm that the EpCAM protein is expressed in a subset of angiosarcomas and leiomyosarcomas and in all the investigated osteosarcomas. Finally, we conducted a statistical analysis of clinical data to demonstrate that EpCAM protein expression is significantly and directly correlated with the degree of cytological atypia in leiomyosarcomas. In conclusion, this data suggests that, contrary to conventional beliefs, EpCAM is expressed in a subset of sarcomas and is a negative prognostic marker for leiomyosarcomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristi Ward
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Clarissa Amaya
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Kundan Verma
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Dat Tran
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Dolores Diaz
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Alireza Torabi
- Departments of Pathology, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Brad A Bryan
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Woopen H, Pietzner K, Sehouli J. Reply to M Lee. J Gynecol Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2014.25.4.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Woopen
- Department of Gynecology, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité-University Medicine of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Pietzner
- Department of Gynecology, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité-University Medicine of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Department of Gynecology, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité-University Medicine of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|