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Gu Y, Benavente CA. Landscape and Treatment Options of Shapeshifting Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3120. [PMID: 38892831 PMCID: PMC11173155 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a deadly neuroendocrine malignancy, notorious for its rapid tumor growth, early metastasis, and relatively "cold" immune environment. Only standard chemotherapies and a few immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for SCLC treatment, revealing an urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. Moreover, SCLC has been recently recognized as a malignancy with high intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity, which explains the modest response rate in some patients and the early relapse. Molecular subtypes defined by the expression of lineage-specific transcription factors (ASCL1, NEUROD1, POU2F3, and, in some studies, YAP1) or immune-related genes display different degrees of neuroendocrine differentiation, immune cell infiltration, and response to treatment. Despite the complexity of this malignancy, a few biomarkers and targets have been identified and many promising drugs are currently undergoing clinical trials. In this review, we integrate the current progress on the genomic landscape of this shapeshifting malignancy, the characteristics and treatment vulnerabilities of each subtype, and promising drugs in clinical phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Claudia A. Benavente
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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2
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Lang C, Megyesfalvi Z, Lantos A, Oberndorfer F, Hoda MA, Solta A, Ferencz B, Fillinger J, Solyom-Tisza A, Querner AS, Egger F, Boettiger K, Klikovits T, Timelthaler G, Renyi-Vamos F, Aigner C, Hoetzenecker K, Laszlo V, Schelch K, Dome B. C-Myc protein expression indicates unfavorable clinical outcome in surgically resected small cell lung cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2024; 22:57. [PMID: 38369463 PMCID: PMC10875875 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-024-03315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND By being highly involved in the tumor evolution and disease progression of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), Myc family members (C-Myc, L-Myc, and N-Myc) might represent promising targetable molecules. Our aim was to investigate the expression pattern and prognostic relevance of these oncogenic proteins in an international cohort of surgically resected SCLC tumors. METHODS Clinicopathological data and surgically resected tissue specimens from 104 SCLC patients were collected from two collaborating European institutes. Tissue sections were stained by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for all three Myc family members and the recently introduced SCLC molecular subtype-markers (ASCL1, NEUROD1, POU2F3, and YAP1). RESULTS IHC analysis showed C-Myc, L-Myc, and N-Myc positivity in 48%, 63%, and 9% of the specimens, respectively. N-Myc positivity significantly correlated with the POU2F3-defined molecular subtype (r = 0.6913, p = 0.0056). SCLC patients with C-Myc positive tumors exhibited significantly worse overall survival (OS) (20 vs. 44 months compared to those with C-Myc negative tumors, p = 0.0176). Ultimately, in a multivariate risk model adjusted for clinicopathological and treatment confounders, positive C-Myc expression was confirmed as an independent prognosticator of impaired OS (HR 1.811, CI 95% 1.054-3.113, p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides insights into the clinical aspects of Myc family members in surgically resected SCLC tumors. Notably, besides showing that positivity of Myc family members varies across the patients, we also reveal that C-Myc protein expression independently correlates with worse survival outcomes. Further studies are warranted to investigate the role of Myc family members as potential prognostic and predictive markers in this hard-to-treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zsolt Megyesfalvi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, A-1090, Austria.
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Ráth György u. 7-9, Budapest, 1122, Hungary.
| | - Andras Lantos
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Mir Alireza Hoda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - Anna Solta
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - Bence Ferencz
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Ráth György u. 7-9, Budapest, 1122, Hungary
| | - Janos Fillinger
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Alessandro Saeed Querner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - Felix Egger
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - Kristiina Boettiger
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - Thomas Klikovits
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Clinic Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Timelthaler
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ferenc Renyi-Vamos
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Ráth György u. 7-9, Budapest, 1122, Hungary
- National Institute of Oncology and National Tumor Biology Laboratory, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Clemens Aigner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - Konrad Hoetzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - Viktoria Laszlo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Ráth György u. 7-9, Budapest, 1122, Hungary
| | - Karin Schelch
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Balazs Dome
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, A-1090, Austria.
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Ráth György u. 7-9, Budapest, 1122, Hungary.
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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3
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Schultz CW, Zhang Y, Elmeskini R, Zimmermann A, Fu H, Murai Y, Wangsa D, Kumar S, Takahashi N, Atkinson D, Saha LK, Lee C, Elenbaas B, Desai P, Sebastian R, Sharma AK, Abel M, Schroeder B, Krishnamurthy M, Kumar R, Roper N, Aladjem M, Zenke FT, Ohler ZW, Pommier Y, Thomas A. ATR inhibition augments the efficacy of lurbinectedin in small-cell lung cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e17313. [PMID: 37491889 PMCID: PMC10405061 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202217313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most lethal type of lung cancer. Specifically, MYC-driven non-neuroendocrine SCLC is particularly resistant to standard therapies. Lurbinectedin was recently approved for the treatment of relapsed SCLC, but combinatorial approaches are needed to increase the depth and duration of responses to lurbinectedin. Using high-throughput screens, we found inhibitors of ataxia telangiectasia mutated and rad3 related (ATR) as the most effective agents for augmenting lurbinectedin efficacy. First-in-class ATR inhibitor berzosertib synergized with lurbinectedin in multiple SCLC cell lines, organoid, and in vivo models. Mechanistically, ATR inhibition abrogated S-phase arrest induced by lurbinectedin and forced cell cycle progression causing mitotic catastrophe and cell death. High CDKN1A/p21 expression was associated with decreased synergy due to G1 arrest, while increased levels of ERCC5/XPG were predictive of increased combination efficacy. Importantly, MYC-driven non-neuroendocrine tumors which are resistant to first-line therapies show reduced CDKN1A/p21 expression and increased ERCC5/XPG indicating they are primed for response to lurbinectedin-berzosertib combination. The combination is being assessed in a clinical trial NCT04802174.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Schultz
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Rajaa Elmeskini
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, IncFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMDUSA
| | - Astrid Zimmermann
- Translational Innovation Platform OncologyMerck KGaA, Biopharma R&DDarmstadtGermany
| | - Haiqing Fu
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Yasuhisa Murai
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Darawalee Wangsa
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Medical Oncology BranchNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Devon Atkinson
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, IncFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMDUSA
| | - Liton Kumar Saha
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Chien‐Fei Lee
- Translational Innovation Platform OncologyEMD Serono Research and Development Institute Inc., Biopharma R&DBillericaMAUSA
| | - Brian Elenbaas
- Translational Innovation Platform OncologyEMD Serono Research and Development Institute Inc., Biopharma R&DBillericaMAUSA
| | - Parth Desai
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Robin Sebastian
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Ajit Kumar Sharma
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Melissa Abel
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Brett Schroeder
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Manan Krishnamurthy
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Nitin Roper
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Mirit Aladjem
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Frank T Zenke
- Translational Innovation Platform OncologyMerck KGaA, Biopharma R&DDarmstadtGermany
| | - Zoe Weaver Ohler
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, IncFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMDUSA
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Anish Thomas
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
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Chen J, Guanizo AC, Jakasekara WSN, Inampudi C, Luong Q, Garama DJ, Alamgeer M, Thakur N, DeVeer M, Ganju V, Watkins DN, Cain JE, Gough DJ. MYC drives platinum resistant SCLC that is overcome by the dual PI3K-HDAC inhibitor fimepinostat. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:100. [PMID: 37098540 PMCID: PMC10131464 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02678-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine cancer with an appalling overall survival of less than 5% (Zimmerman et al. J Thor Oncol 14:768-83, 2019). Patients typically respond to front line platinum-based doublet chemotherapy, but almost universally relapse with drug resistant disease. Elevated MYC expression is common in SCLC and has been associated with platinum resistance. This study evaluates the capacity of MYC to drive platinum resistance and through screening identifies a drug capable of reducing MYC expression and overcoming resistance. METHODS Elevated MYC expression following the acquisition of platinum resistance in vitro and in vivo was assessed. Moreover, the capacity of enforced MYC expression to drive platinum resistance was defined in SCLC cell lines and in a genetically engineered mouse model that expresses MYC specifically in lung tumors. High throughput drug screening was used to identify drugs able to kill MYC-expressing, platinum resistant cell lines. The capacity of this drug to treat SCLC was defined in vivo in both transplant models using cell lines and patient derived xenografts and in combination with platinum and etoposide chemotherapy in an autochthonous mouse model of platinum resistant SCLC. RESULTS MYC expression is elevated following the acquisition of platinum resistance and constitutively high MYC expression drives platinum resistance in vitro and in vivo. We show that fimepinostat decreases MYC expression and that it is an effective single agent treatment for SCLC in vitro and in vivo. Indeed, fimepinostat is as effective as platinum-etoposide treatment in vivo. Importantly, when combined with platinum and etoposide, fimepinostat achieves a significant increase in survival. CONCLUSIONS MYC is a potent driver of platinum resistance in SCLC that is effectively treated with fimepinostat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Chen
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia
| | - Aleks C Guanizo
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia
| | - W Samantha N Jakasekara
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia
| | - Chaitanya Inampudi
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia
| | - Quinton Luong
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia
| | - Daniel J Garama
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia
| | - Muhammad Alamgeer
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Nishant Thakur
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia
| | - Michael DeVeer
- Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Vinod Ganju
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia
| | - D Neil Watkins
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jason E Cain
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia
| | - Daniel J Gough
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Vic, 3168, Australia.
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5
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Lee S, Yoo SS, Choi JE, Hong MJ, Do SK, Lee JH, Lee WK, Park JE, Choi SH, Seo H, Lee J, Lee SY, Cha SI, Kim CH, Kang HG, Park JY. Genetic variants of NEUROD1 target genes are associated with clinical outcomes of small-cell lung cancer patients. Thorac Cancer 2023; 14:1145-1152. [PMID: 36935366 PMCID: PMC10151137 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurogenic differentiation factor 1 (NEUROD1) is frequently overexpressed in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). NEUROD1 plays an important role in promoting malignant behavior and survival. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the association between putative functional polymorphisms in 45 NEUROD1 target genes and chemotherapy response and survival outcomes in 261 patients with SCLC. Among the 100 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) studied, two were significantly associated with both chemotherapy response and overall survival (OS) of patients with SCLC. RESULTS The SNP rs3806915C⟩A in semaphorin 6A (SEMA6A) gene was significantly associated with better chemotherapy response and OS (p = 0.04 and p = 0.04, respectively). The SNP rs11265375C⟩T in nescient helix-loop helix 1 (NHLH1) gene was also associated with better chemotherapy response and OS (p = 0.04 and p = 0.02, respectively). Luciferase assay showed a significantly higher promoter activity of SEMA6A with the rs3806915 A allele than C allele in H446 lung cancer cells (p = 4 × 10-6 ). The promoter activity of NHLH1 showed a significantly higher with the rs11265375 T allele than C allele (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION These results suggest that SEMA6A rs3806915C>A and NHLH1 rs11265375C>T polymorphisms affect the promoter activity and expression of the genes, which may affect the survival outcome of patients with SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunwoong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Soo Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Eun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jeong Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook Kyung Do
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Hyuck Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Ki Lee
- Medical Research Collaboration Center in Kyungpook National University Hospital and School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ha Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Yup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ick Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Gyoung Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Oshima Y, Haruki T, Matsui S, Makishima K, Sakabe T, Umekita Y, Nakamura H. Clinical significance of MYC family protein expression in surgically resected high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung. Thorac Cancer 2023; 14:758-765. [PMID: 36694106 PMCID: PMC10008680 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MYC family genes including MYC, MYCN, and MYCL are amplified and overexpressed as oncogenic drivers in high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung (HGNEC), but little is known about their clinical significance. This study evaluated the prognostic impact of MYC family protein expression in patients with surgically resected HGNEC. METHODS Immunohistochemical analyses were performed on 83 resected specimens of HGNEC using antibodies against MYC family proteins (c-MYC, n-MYC, and l-MYC). When nuclear staining of any intensity in ≥10% of tumor cells showed immunoreactivity with any one or more of c-MYC, n-MYC, or l-MYC, the specimens were defined as MYC family-positive. RESULTS A total of 83 patients were analyzed. MYC family-positive status was observed in 33.7% (28 of 83 cases) and was not correlated with clinicopathological factors. The protein expression was mutually exclusive and no duplicate cases were observed. A log-rank test showed that MYC family-positive status was significantly associated with shorter overall survival (OS) (p = 0.003) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) (p = 0.039). According to Cox multivariate analysis, MYC family-positive status had a significant effect on shorter OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.217, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.179-4.169, p = 0.014) and RFS (HR = 1.802, 95% CI 1.014-3.202, p = 0.045). In patients with pathological stage I, MYC family-positive status also showed significantly poor OS (HR = 2.847, 95% CI 1.236-6.557, p = 0.014) and RFS (HR = 2.088, 95% CI 1.006-4.332, p = 0.048) in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS MYC family protein expression could be an independent unfavorable prognostic factor in patients with surgically resected HGNEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Oshima
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Division of Organ Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Haruki
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsui
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Division of Organ Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Karen Makishima
- Department of Pathology, Division of Organ Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Sakabe
- Department of Pathology, Division of Organ Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Umekita
- Department of Pathology, Division of Organ Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Division of Organ Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
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7
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Antigene MYCN Silencing by BGA002 Inhibits SCLC Progression Blocking mTOR Pathway and Overcomes Multidrug Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030990. [PMID: 36765949 PMCID: PMC9913109 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive lung cancer type, and is associated with smoking, low survival rate due to high vascularization, metastasis and drug resistance. Alterations in MYC family members are biomarkers of poor prognosis for a large number of SCLC. In particular, MYCN alterations define SCLC cases with immunotherapy failure. MYCN has a highly restricted pattern of expression in normal cells and is an ideal target for cancer therapy but is undruggable by traditional approaches. We propose an innovative approach to MYCN inhibition by an MYCN-specific antigene-PNA oligonucleotide (BGA002)-as a new precision medicine for MYCN-related SCLC. We found that BGA002 profoundly and specifically inhibited MYCN expression in SCLC cells, leading to cell-growth inhibition and apoptosis, while also overcoming multidrug resistance. These effects are driven by mTOR pathway block in concomitance with autophagy reactivation, thus avoiding the side effects of targeting mTOR in healthy cells. Moreover, we identified an MYCN-related SCLC gene signature comprehending CNTFR, DLX5 and TNFAIP3, that was reverted by BGA002. Finally, systemic treatment with BGA002 significantly increased survival in MYCN-amplified SCLC mouse models, including in a multidrug-resistant model in which tumor vascularization was also eliminated. These findings warrant the clinical testing of BGA002 in MYCN-related SCLC.
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8
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Cao J, J Gu J, Liang Y, Wang B. Evaluate the Prognosis of MYC/TP53 Comutation in Chinese Patients with EGFR-Positive Advanced NSCLC Using Next-Generation Sequencing: A Retrospective Study. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221138213. [PMID: 36524293 PMCID: PMC9761218 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221138213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of MYC and TP53 comutations on the clinical efficacy of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in Chinese patients with advanced EGFR-positive nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and methods: Tissue samples and information from 65 patients with advanced NSCLC in Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital were collected and analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Progression-free survival (PFS) and total survival (OS) were the main endpoints, and the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were the secondary endpoints. Result: Among 65 patients, 17 had TP53 and MYC wild-type mutations (WT/WT), 36 had TP53 mutant and MYC wild-type mutations (TP53/WT), and 12 had coexisting MYC/TP53 mutations (MYC/TP53). When 12 patients with MYC/TP53 comutation were compared with the other two groups (TP53/WT, WT/WT), mPFS and mOS are significantly lower than those in the other two groups (mPFS: 4.1 months vs 6.0 months, 12.3 months, HR: 0.769, 95% CI: 4.592-7.608, P = .047. mOS: 14.6 months vs 24.1 months, 31.5 months, HR: 3.170, 95% CI: 18.786-31.214, P < .001), and the ORR, DCR of patients with MYC/TP53 comutation was lower than that of the other two groups (ORR, 25% vs 44.4%, 70.6%, P = .045. DCR, 58.3% vs 72.2%, 82.4%, P = .365). Conclusion: Patients with MYC/TP53 comutations with EGFR-positive advanced NSCLC are more likely to develop drug resistance after early treatment with EGFR-TKIs and have a worse clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cao
- Medical College, Yangzhou
University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan J Gu
- Medical College, Yangzhou
University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China,Institute of Oncology, Northern Jiangsu People's
Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Oncology, Northern Jiangsu People's
Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yichen Liang
- Institute of Oncology, Northern Jiangsu People's
Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Oncology, Northern Jiangsu People's
Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Buhai Wang
- Medical College, Yangzhou
University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China,Institute of Oncology, Northern Jiangsu People's
Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China,Department of Oncology, Northern Jiangsu People's
Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China,Buhai Wang, MD, PhD, Medical College,
Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225000, China.
Yichen Liang, MD, PhD, Institute of
Oncology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225000, China.
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9
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Chen J, Guanizo A, Luong Q, Jayasekara WSN, Jayasinghe D, Inampudi C, Szczepny A, Garama DJ, Russell PA, Ganju V, Cain JE, Watkins DN, Gough DJ. Lineage-restricted neoplasia driven by Myc defaults to small cell lung cancer when combined with loss of p53 and Rb in the airway epithelium. Oncogene 2021; 41:138-145. [PMID: 34675406 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine cancer characterized by loss of function TP53 and RB1 mutations in addition to mutations in other oncogenes including MYC. Overexpression of MYC together with Trp53 and Rb1 loss in pulmonary neuroendocrine cells of the mouse lung drives an aggressive neuroendocrine low variant subtype of SCLC. However, the transforming potential of MYC amplification alone on airway epithelium is unclear. Therefore, we selectively and conditionally overexpressed MYC stochastically throughout the airway or specifically in neuroendocrine, club, or alveolar type II cells in the adult mouse lung. We observed that MYC overexpression induced carcinoma in situ which did not progress to invasive disease. The formation of adenoma or SCLC carcinoma in situ was dependent on the cell of origin. In contrast, MYC overexpression combined with conditional deletion of both Trp53 and Rb1 exclusively gave rise to SCLC, irrespective of the cell lineage of origin. However, cell of origin influenced disease latency, metastatic potential, and the transcriptional profile of the SCLC phenotype. Together this reveals that MYC overexpression alone provides a proliferative advantage but when combined with deletion of Trp53 and Rb1 it facilitates the formation of aggressive SCLC from multiple cell lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Chen
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Aleks Guanizo
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Quinton Luong
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - W Samantha N Jayasekara
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Dhilshan Jayasinghe
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Chaitanya Inampudi
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Anette Szczepny
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Daniel J Garama
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Prudence A Russell
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vinod Ganju
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Jason E Cain
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - D Neil Watkins
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0V9, Canada.,Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Daniel J Gough
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia. .,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
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10
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The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in the Regulation of the Proto-Oncogene MYC in Different Types of Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080921. [PMID: 34440124 PMCID: PMC8389562 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the expression level of the MYC gene are often found in the cells of various malignant tumors. Overexpressed MYC has been shown to stimulate the main processes of oncogenesis: uncontrolled growth, unlimited cell divisions, avoidance of apoptosis and immune response, changes in cellular metabolism, genomic instability, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Thus, controlling the expression of MYC is considered as an approach for targeted cancer treatment. Since c-Myc is also a crucial regulator of many cellular processes in healthy cells, it is necessary to find ways for selective regulation of MYC expression in tumor cells. Many recent studies have demonstrated that non-coding RNAs play an important role in the regulation of the transcription and translation of this gene and some RNAs directly interact with the c-Myc protein, affecting its stability. In this review, we summarize current data on the regulation of MYC by various non-coding RNAs that can potentially be targeted in specific tumor types.
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11
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Yang X, Fan D, Troha AH, Ahn HM, Qian K, Liang B, Du Y, Fu H, Ivanov AA. Discovery of the first chemical tools to regulate MKK3-mediated MYC activation in cancer. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 45:116324. [PMID: 34333394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The transcription master regulator MYC plays an essential role in regulating major cellular programs and is a well-established therapeutic target in cancer. However, MYC targeting for drug discovery is challenging. New therapeutic approaches to control MYC-dependent malignancy are urgently needed. The mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 (MKK3) binds and activates MYC in different cell types, and disruption of MKK3-MYC protein-protein interaction may provide a new strategy to target MYC-driven programs. However, there is no perturbagen available to interrogate and control this signaling arm. In this study, we assessed the drugability of the MKK3-MYC complex and discovered the first chemical tool to regulate MKK3-mediated MYC activation. We have designed a short 44-residue inhibitory peptide and developed a cell lysate-based time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay to discover the first small molecule MKK3-MYC PPI inhibitor. We have optimized and miniaturized the assay into an ultra-high-throughput screening (uHTS) 1536-well plate format. The pilot screen of ~6,000 compounds of a bioactive chemical library followed by multiple secondary and orthogonal assays revealed a quinoline derivative SGI-1027 as a potent inhibitor of MKK3-MYC PPI. We have shown that SGI-1027 disrupts the MKK3-MYC complex in cells and in vitro and inhibits MYC transcriptional activity in colon and breast cancer cells. In contrast, SGI-1027 does not inhibit MKK3 kinase activity and does not interfere with well-known MKK3-p38 and MYC-MAX complexes. Together, our studies demonstrate the drugability of MKK3-MYC PPI, provide the first chemical tool to interrogate its biological functions, and establish a new uHTS assay to enable future discovery of potent and selective inhibitors to regulate this oncogenic complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dacheng Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aidan Henry Troha
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hyunjun Max Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kun Qian
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bo Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuhong Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Andrey A Ivanov
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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12
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Qin J, Xie F, Li C, Han N, Lu H. MYCL1 Amplification and Expression of L-Myc and c-Myc in Surgically Resected Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609775. [PMID: 34257619 PMCID: PMC8262133 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The Myc family, especially C-MYC and MYCL1, has been found involved in small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Identification of the frequency of C-MYC and MYCL1 expression among SCLC patients may help to identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Our aim was to detect MYCL1 amplification, L-Myc and c-Myc expression, and investigate clinicopathological characteristics and survival status in patients with surgically resected SCLC. Methods:MYCL1 amplification was detected using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), while L-Myc and c-Myc protein expressions were determined using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the primary tumors of 46 resected SCLC patients. Results: Among the 46 evaluated specimens, MYCL1 amplification was identified in 3/46 cases (6.5%). One of the positive cases was MYCL1 gene amplification combined with fusion. 3/46 (6.5%) was positive for L-myc protein expression, and 4/46 (8.7%) was positive for c-Myc protein expression. Conclusion: Our study firstly multidimensional explored the expression of MYCL1 amplification, L-Myc and c-Myc protein and investigated clinicopathological characteristics and survival status in patients with surgically resected SCLC, which makes a contribution to subsequent research and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qin
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fajun Xie
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenghui Li
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na Han
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyang Lu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Chi YH, Yeh TK, Ke YY, Lin WH, Tsai CH, Wang WP, Chen YT, Su YC, Wang PC, Chen YF, Wu ZW, Yeh JY, Hung MC, Wu MH, Wang JY, Chen CP, Song JS, Shih C, Chen CT, Chang CP. Discovery and Synthesis of a Pyrimidine-Based Aurora Kinase Inhibitor to Reduce Levels of MYC Oncoproteins. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7312-7330. [PMID: 34009981 PMCID: PMC8279414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The A-type Aurora kinase is upregulated in many human cancers, and it stabilizes MYC-family oncoproteins, which have long been considered an undruggable target. Here, we describe the design and synthesis of a series of pyrimidine-based derivatives able to inhibit Aurora A kinase activity and reduce levels of cMYC and MYCN. Through structure-based drug design of a small molecule that induces the DFG-out conformation of Aurora A kinase, lead compound 13 was identified, which potently (IC50 < 200 nM) inhibited the proliferation of high-MYC expressing small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines. Pharmacokinetic optimization of 13 by prodrug strategies resulted in orally bioavailable 25, which demonstrated an 8-fold higher oral AUC (F = 62.3%). Pharmacodynamic studies of 25 showed it to effectively reduce cMYC protein levels, leading to >80% tumor regression of NCI-H446 SCLC xenograft tumors in mice. These results support the potential of 25 for the treatment of MYC-amplified cancers including SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Chi
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Kuang Yeh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yu Ke
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsing Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Tsai
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ping Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Su
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chen Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Fu Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Zhong-Wei Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yu Yeh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chun Hung
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Mine-Hsine Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ya Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Shin Song
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chuan Shih
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Tong Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ping Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
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14
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Detection of Genetic Mutations by Next-Generation Sequencing for Predicting Prognosis of Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2020:8811487. [PMID: 33643409 PMCID: PMC7901041 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8811487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Some studies have revealed that specific genetic mutations could be associated with chemotherapy response or even survival in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Our retrospective study aimed to identify the correlation between genetic mutations and progression-free survival (PFS) in extensive-stage SCLC after first-line chemotherapy. A total of 75 patients with extensive-stage SCLC confirmed by histopathology from February 2018 to February 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The biopsy specimens of all patients were analyzed by Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). All patients received first-line chemotherapy and follow-up at Shanghai Chest Hospital. Eleven genes were mutated in, at least, 10% of the 75 patients, including TP53 (96%), RB1 (77%), SMAD4 (32%), NOTCH1 (21%), PTEN (16%), FGFR1 (16%), KDR (15%), PIK3CA (15%), ROS1 (15%), BRCA2 (13%), and ERBB4 (10%). The median number of mutated genes among all patients was 5. Patients with more than 5 mutated genes (PFS = 6.7 months, P=0.004), mutant TP53 (PFS = 5.0 months, P=0.011), and mutant BRCA2 (PFS = 6.7 months, P=0.046) had better PFS after first-line chemotherapy than other patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that patients who achieved a PR (HR 3.729, 95% CI 2.038–6.822), had more than 5 mutated genes (HR 1.929, 95% CI 1.096–3.396), had BRCA2 mutations (HR 4.581, 95% CI 1.721–12.195), and had no liver metastasis (HR 0.415, 95% CI 0.181–0.951) showed improvements in PFS after first-line chemotherapy. In conclusion, the number of mutated genes and BRCA2 mutation status in extensive-stage SCLC were significantly related to PFS after first-line chemotherapy.
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15
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Zhu K, Jiang M, Xu Y, Chen P, Wang H, Yu J, Zhu J, Zhao W, Meng D, He Y. Curative efficacy might be an early predictor of prognosis in patients with small cell lung cancer treated with 2 cycles of platinum-based first-line chemotherapy. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:1205-1214. [PMID: 33717593 PMCID: PMC7947513 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platinum-based chemotherapy remains the essential therapy for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Here, we conducted a statistical analysis to explore whether the curative efficacy of 2-cycle platinum-based chemotherapy can predict the survival of patients with SCLC. METHODS Fifty-six SCLC patients who had each received 2 cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy were enrolled. The curative efficacy of the chemotherapy was evaluated, mainly by chest computed tomography, and the treatment response was categorized according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1. Patients were continuously followed up for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival. The 55 patients were separated into 2 groups by the curative efficacy of the 2-cycle first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS software (version 17.0; SPSS, Inc.; Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS Patients who responded to 2-cycle chemotherapy (partial response, PR) had significantly better survival than others who did not (stable disease, SD or progressive disease, PD). The median progression-free survival (mPFS) in the PR group was 6.330 months, which was significantly longer than the 2.870 months seen in SD+PD group (95% CI: 4.631-8.029 vs. 0.000-5.790, P=0.022). The median overall survival (mOS) was 10.870 months in the PR group, which was remarkably longer than the 8.970 months observed in the SD+PD group (95% CI: 9.546-12.194 vs. 6.517-11.423, P=0.028). Curative efficacy had no correlation with clinical features. CONCLUSIONS The curative efficacy of 2-cycle first-line platinum-based chemotherapy was significantly correlated with PFS and OS, and showed prognostic value in SCLC patients. Patients who were sensitive to chemotherapy had superior survival to those who were chemotherapy insensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibo Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, China
| | - Minlin Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peixin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wencheng Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Die Meng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Hematology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, China
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16
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Sato Y, Okamoto I, Kameyama H, Kudoh S, Saito H, Sanada M, Kudo N, Wakimoto J, Fujino K, Ikematsu Y, Tanaka K, Nishikawa A, Sakaguchi R, Ito T. Integrated Immunohistochemical Study on Small-Cell Carcinoma of the Lung Focusing on Transcription and Co-Transcription Factors. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E949. [PMID: 33202998 PMCID: PMC7697657 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10110949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignant cancer that is classified into four subtypes based on the expression of the following key transcription and co-transcription factors: ASCL1, NEUROD1, YAP1, and POU2F3. The protein expression levels of these key molecules may be important for the formation of SCLC characteristics in a molecular subtype-specific manner. We expect that immunohistochemistry (IHC) of these molecules may facilitate the diagnosis of the specific SCLC molecular subtype and aid in the appropriate selection of individualized treatments. We attempted IHC of the four key factors and 26 candidate SCLC target molecules selected from the gene expression omnibus datasets of 47 SCLC samples, which were grouped based on positive or negative results for the four key molecules. We examined differences in the expression levels of the candidate targets and key molecules. ASCL1 showed the highest positive rate in SCLC samples, and significant differences were observed in the expression levels of some target molecules between the ASCL1-positive and ASCL1-negative groups. Furthermore, the four key molecules were coordinately and simultaneously expressed in SCLC cells. An IHC study of ASCL1-positive samples showed many candidate SCLC target molecules, and IHC could become an essential method for determining SCLC molecular subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younosuke Sato
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.K.); (H.S.); (M.S.); (N.K.); (A.N.); (R.S.)
| | - Isamu Okamoto
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (I.O.); (Y.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Hiroki Kameyama
- Department of Medical Examination, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan;
| | - Shinji Kudoh
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.K.); (H.S.); (M.S.); (N.K.); (A.N.); (R.S.)
| | - Haruki Saito
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.K.); (H.S.); (M.S.); (N.K.); (A.N.); (R.S.)
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Mune Sanada
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.K.); (H.S.); (M.S.); (N.K.); (A.N.); (R.S.)
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
| | - Noritaka Kudo
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.K.); (H.S.); (M.S.); (N.K.); (A.N.); (R.S.)
| | - Joeji Wakimoto
- National Hospital Organization Minami-Kyushu National Hospital, Kagoshima 899-5293, Japan;
| | - Kosuke Fujino
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
| | - Yuki Ikematsu
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (I.O.); (Y.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Kentaro Tanaka
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (I.O.); (Y.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Ayako Nishikawa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.K.); (H.S.); (M.S.); (N.K.); (A.N.); (R.S.)
| | - Ryo Sakaguchi
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.K.); (H.S.); (M.S.); (N.K.); (A.N.); (R.S.)
| | - Takaaki Ito
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (Y.S.); (S.K.); (H.S.); (M.S.); (N.K.); (A.N.); (R.S.)
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Salehi-Rad R, Li R, Paul MK, Dubinett SM, Liu B. The Biology of Lung Cancer: Development of More Effective Methods for Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Clin Chest Med 2020; 41:25-38. [PMID: 32008627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a heterogeneous disease with abundant genomic alterations. Chronic dysregulated airway inflammation facilitates lung tumorigenesis. In contrast, antitumor host immune responses apply continuous selective pressure on the tumor cells during the evolutionary course of the disease. Unprecedented advances in integrative genomic, epigenomic, and cellular profiling of lung cancer and the tumor microenvironment are enhancing the understanding of pulmonary tumorigenesis. This understanding in turn has led to advancements in lung cancer prevention and early detection strategies, and the development of effective targeted therapies and immunotherapies with survival benefit in selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Salehi-Rad
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 43-22 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1690, USA; Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 43-22 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1690, USA
| | - Manash K Paul
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 43-22 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1690, USA
| | - Steven M Dubinett
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 43-22 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1690, USA; Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 757 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, 8-684 Factor Building, Box 951781, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1781, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E Young Dr S, 23-120 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 43-22 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1690, USA.
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18
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Yang Y, Wang Y. [Present and Future of Efficacy Biomarkers in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
of Small Cell Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2020; 23:897-903. [PMID: 32773012 PMCID: PMC7583877 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2020.101.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
近年来,免疫治疗在小细胞肺癌领域取得了令人瞩目的突破,为患者带来生存获益。然而,现有的临床研究结果表明试验组通常在治疗开始3个月-6个月以后方可看出获益的趋势,因此如何筛选优势人群是免疫治疗研究的重点。目前已有的临床试验对生物标记物进行了不断地探索,但结果不尽一致。我们亟需有力可靠的疗效预测指标有效地筛选优势人群、扩大受益群体。故本文将对小细胞肺癌免疫治疗疗效预测指标的现状及未来的发展前进方向展开阐述。
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital,
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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19
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Digital PCR for the Analysis of MYC Copy Number Variation in Lung Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:4176376. [PMID: 33014186 PMCID: PMC7525309 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4176376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background MYC (v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog) is one of the most frequently amplified genes in lung tumors. For the analysis of gene copy number variations, dPCR (digital PCR) is an appropriate tool. The aim of our study was the assessment of dPCR for the detection of MYC copy number variations (CNV) in lung tissue considering clinicopathological parameters. Material and Methods. MYC status was analyzed with dPCR as well as qPCR (quantitative PCR) using gDNA (genomic DNA) from tumor and adjacent nontumor tissue samples of lung cancer patients. The performance of MYC was estimated based on the AUC (area under curve). Results The results of the MYC amplification correlated significantly between dPCR and qPCR (r S = 0.81, P < 0.0001). The MYC copy number revealed by dPCR showed statistically significant differences between tumor and adjacent nontumor tissues. For discrimination, a sensitivity of 43% and a specificity of 99% were calculated, representing 55 true-positive and one false-positive tests. No statistically significant differences could be observed for age, sex, and smoking status or the clinicopathological parameters (histological subtype, grade, and stage). Conclusion The results of the study show that dPCR is an accurate and reliable method for the determination of MYC copy numbers. The application is characterized by high specificity and moderate sensitivity. MYC amplification is a common event in lung cancer patients, and it is indicated that the determination of the MYC status might be useful in clinical diagnostics.
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20
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Simpson KL, Stoney R, Frese KK, Simms N, Rowe W, Pearce SP, Humphrey S, Booth L, Morgan D, Dynowski M, Trapani F, Catozzi A, Revill M, Helps T, Galvin M, Girard L, Nonaka D, Carter L, Krebs MG, Cook N, Carter M, Priest L, Kerr A, Gazdar AF, Blackhall F, Dive C. A biobank of small cell lung cancer CDX models elucidates inter- and intratumoral phenotypic heterogeneity. NATURE CANCER 2020; 1:437-451. [PMID: 35121965 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-0046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is treated as a homogeneous disease, biopsies and preclinical models reveal heterogeneity in transcriptomes and morphology. SCLC subtypes were recently defined by neuroendocrine transcription factor (NETF) expression. Circulating-tumor-cell-derived explant models (CDX) recapitulate donor patients' tumor morphology, diagnostic NE marker expression and chemotherapy responses. We describe a biobank of 38 CDX models, including six CDX pairs generated pretreatment and at disease progression revealing complex intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity. Transcriptomic analysis confirmed three of four previously described subtypes based on ASCL1, NEUROD1 and POU2F3 expression and identified a previously unreported subtype based on another NETF, ATOH1. We document evolution during disease progression exemplified by altered MYC and NOTCH gene expression, increased 'variant' cell morphology, and metastasis without strong evidence of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. This CDX biobank provides a research resource to facilitate SCLC personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Simpson
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ruth Stoney
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kristopher K Frese
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicole Simms
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - William Rowe
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon P Pearce
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sam Humphrey
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura Booth
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Derrick Morgan
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Marek Dynowski
- Scientific Computing Core Facility, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Francesca Trapani
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alessia Catozzi
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mitchell Revill
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas Helps
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Melanie Galvin
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Luc Girard
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Louise Carter
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew G Krebs
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Natalie Cook
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mathew Carter
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lynsey Priest
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alastair Kerr
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Adi F Gazdar
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Fiona Blackhall
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, UK
| | - Caroline Dive
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, UK.
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21
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Massó-Vallés D, Beaulieu ME, Soucek L. MYC, MYCL, and MYCN as therapeutic targets in lung cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:101-114. [PMID: 32003251 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1723548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. Despite recent advances with personalized therapies and immunotherapy, the prognosis remains dire and recurrence is frequent. Myc is an oncogene deregulated in human cancers, including lung cancer, where it supports tumorigenic processes and progression. Elevated Myc levels have also been associated with resistance to therapy.Areas covered: This article summarizes the genomic and transcriptomic studies that compile evidence for (i) MYC, MYCN, and MYCL amplification and overexpression in lung cancer patients, and (ii) their prognostic significance. We collected the most recent literature regarding the development of Myc inhibitors where the emphasis is on those inhibitors tested in lung cancer experimental models and their potential for future clinical application.Expert opinion: The targeting of Myc in lung cancer is potentially an unprecedented opportunity for inhibiting a key player in tumor progression and maintenance and therapeutic resistance. Myc inhibitory strategies are on the path to their clinical application but further work is necessary for the assessment of their use in combination with standard treatment approaches. Given the role of Myc in immune suppression, a significant opportunity may exist in the combination of Myc inhibitors with immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Soucek
- Peptomyc S.L., Edifici Cellex, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Edifici Cellex, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana De Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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22
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Guo W, Yu H, Zhang L, Chen X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Effect of hyperoside on cervical cancer cells and transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:235. [PMID: 31516392 PMCID: PMC6734331 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperoside (Hy) is a plant-derived quercetin 3-d-galactoside that exhibits inhibitory activities on various tumor types. The objective of the current study was to explore Hy effects on cervical cancer cell proliferation, and to perform a transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes. Methods Cervical cancer HeLa and C-33A cells were cultured and the effect of Hy treatment was determined using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. After calculating the IC50 of Hy in HeLa and C-33A cells, the more sensitive to Hy treatment cell type was selected for RNA-Seq. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by comparing gene expression between the Hy and control groups. Candidate genes were determined through DEG analysis, protein interaction network (PPI) construction, PPI module analysis, transcription factor (TF) prediction, TF-target network construction, and survival analysis. Finally, the key candidate genes were verified by RT-qPCR and western blot. Results Hy inhibited HeLa and C33A cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, as determined by the CCK-8 assay. Treatment of C-33A cells with 2 mM Hy was selected for the subsequent experiments. Compared with the control group, 754 upregulated and 509 downregulated genes were identified after RNA-Seq. After functional enrichment, 74 gene ontology biological processes and 43 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were obtained. According to the protein interaction network (PPI), PPI module analysis, TF-target network construction, and survival analysis, the key genes MYC, CNKN1A, PAX2, TFRC, ACOX2, UNC5B, APBA1, PRKACA, PEAR1, COL12A1, CACNA1G, PEAR1, and CCNA2 were detected. RT-qPCR was performed on the key genes, and Western blot was used to verify C-MYC and TFRC. C-MYC and TFRC expressions were lower and higher than the corresponding values in the control group, respectively, in accordance with the results from the RNA-Seq analysis. Conclusion Hy inhibited HeLa and C-33A cell proliferation through C-MYC gene expression reduction in C-33A cells and TFRC regulation. The results of the current study provide a theoretical basis for Hy treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Guo
- 1Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Hui Yu
- 2Department of Cardiopulmonary Function, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Lu Zhang
- 1Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Xiuwei Chen
- 1Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Yunduo Liu
- 1Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Yaoxian Wang
- 1Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Yunyan Zhang
- 1Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150 Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang Province China
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Mak DW, Li S, Minchom A. Challenging the recalcitrant disease—developing molecularly driven treatments for small cell lung cancer. Eur J Cancer 2019; 119:132-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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24
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Park S, Lee H, Lee B, Lee SH, Sun JM, Park WY, Ahn JS, Ahn MJ, Park K. DNA Damage Response and Repair Pathway Alteration and Its Association With Tumor Mutation Burden and Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in SCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2019; 14:1640-1650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Pavan A, Attili I, Pasello G, Guarneri V, Conte PF, Bonanno L. Immunotherapy in small-cell lung cancer: from molecular promises to clinical challenges. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:205. [PMID: 31383005 PMCID: PMC6683488 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0690-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has not changed over the last decades. In more recent years, alterations of DNA repair machinery and other molecular pathways have been identified in SCLC and preclinical data suggest that dysregulation of these pathways might offer new therapeutic opportunities.While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have had a major impact on the clinical outcome of several solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer, the potential role of ICIs is currently under investigation in SCLC and some promising data are available. However, several clinical and biological hurdles have to be overcome and predictive markers are still eagerly needed. Knowledge of molecular pathways specifically involved in SCLC growth and treatment resistance is essential for a more rational planning of new combinations including ICIs.The present manuscript summarizes the current clinical evidence on immunotherapy in SCLC, describes the molecular bases underlying treatment resistance and discusses the potentialities and the rationale of different therapeutic combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pavan
- Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35100, Padova, Italia
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italia
| | - I Attili
- Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35100, Padova, Italia
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italia
| | - G Pasello
- Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35100, Padova, Italia
| | - V Guarneri
- Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35100, Padova, Italia
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italia
| | - P F Conte
- Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35100, Padova, Italia
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italia
| | - L Bonanno
- Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35100, Padova, Italia.
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26
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Hendriks LEL, Menis J, Reck M. Prospects of targeted and immune therapies in SCLC. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2018; 19:151-167. [DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2019.1559057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizza E. L. Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GROW – School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Institut d’Oncologie Thoracique (IOT), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Jessica Menis
- Medical Oncology, University of Padua and Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV – IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Martin Reck
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research, LungenClinic, Grosshansdorf, Germany
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27
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Udagawa H, Umemura S, Murakami I, Mimaki S, Makinoshima H, Ishii G, Miyoshi T, Kirita K, Matsumoto S, Yoh K, Niho S, Tsuchihara K, Goto K. Genetic profiling-based prognostic prediction of patients with advanced small-cell lung cancer in large scale analysis. Lung Cancer 2018; 126:182-188. [PMID: 30527185 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Comprehensive genomic analysis of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) revealed various genetic alterations. However, obtaining suitable samples for genetic analysis is difficult in advanced SCLC. Thus, the prognostic effect of genetic alterations on the outcome of SCLC patients has not been well investigated. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of genetic alterations on the survival of SCLC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected samples obtained from 220 patients with advanced SCLC before cancer treatment. Genomic DNA extracted from the samples was subjected to a 1.499 Mb-sized custom panel that captured all exons of 244 cancer-related genes, and the captured DNA was analyzed through next-generation sequencing. The associations between genetic alterations and overall survival were evaluated. RESULTS Genetic analysis was successful in 204 samples (93%). Genetic alterations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and inactivating mutations inTP53 and RB1 were detected in 14 (7%), 150 (74%), and 85 (42%) of the tumors. In extensive disease (ED, N = 126) patients, multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of genetic alterations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was significantly associated with unfavorable survival [hazard ratio (HR), 2.14; 95% CI 1.02-4.06; P = 0.04]. In limited disease (LD, N = 78) patients, the presence of TP53 mutation and the absence of RB1 mutation were significantly associated with unfavorable survival (HR, 2.41; 95% CI 1.21-5.34; P = 0.01, and HR, 0.45; 95% CI 0.25-0.79; P < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Sequencing-based genetic profiling is feasible and useful to predict the prognosis in advanced SCLC. Genetic alterations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, TP53 mutations and RB1 mutations were associated with prognosis in SCLC patients. The genetic alterations associated with the prognosis were different between ED-SCLC and LD-SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hibiki Udagawa
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan.
| | - Shigeki Umemura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Isao Murakami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Higashi-Hiroshima Medical Center, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Mimaki
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Hideki Makinoshima
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Genichiro Ishii
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Miyoshi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kirita
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Yoh
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Seiji Niho
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Katsuya Tsuchihara
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Koichi Goto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
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Huang J, Jiang D, Zhu T, Wang Y, Wang H, Wang Q, Tan L, Zhu H, Yao J, Hou Y. Prognostic Significance of c-MYC Amplification in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg 2018; 107:436-443. [PMID: 30273571 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the frequency of c-MYC amplification in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), including both stage I to II and III to IVa disease, and evaluated the correlation of c-MYC amplification with clinicopathologic variables and outcome. METHODS In 259 ESCCs resected at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, from January 2007 to November 2010, c-MYC amplification was analyzed by using tissue microarray, with fluorescence in situ hybridization assay. RESULTS c-MYC gene amplification was found in 43.2% (112 of 259) of patients with ESCC. Significant differences were found between c-MYC amplification and patient age (p = 0.009) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.046). The median follow-up period was 33 months (range: 4 to 102 months). A survival difference was found between patients with different c-MYC status. Among 112 patients with c-MYC amplification, a significantly poorer prognosis was observed, with a median disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of 24.0 and 31.0 months compared with 48.0 and 48.0 months, respectively, for patients without c-MYC amplification (p = 0.011 and 0.018). On univariate and multivariate analysis, site, clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, adjuvant therapy, and c-MYC amplification were associated with DFS and OS. When patients were divided into stage I to II and stage III to IV subgroups, c-MYC amplification tended to associate with poorer survival but without statistical difference (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS c-MYC amplification was associated with age and lymph node metastasis and was an independent poor-prognostic factor for DFS and OS in the full cohort of patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxian Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongguang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxia Yao
- Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingyong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Pathology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Mixed Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma and High-grade Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix: Case Description of a Previously Unreported Entity With Insights Into Its Molecular Pathogenesis. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2018; 36:76-89. [PMID: 27532149 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative cervical carcinomas are uncommon and typically encompass unusual histologic subtypes. Mesonephric adenocarcinoma is one such subtype. Mesonephric tumors in the female genital tract are thought to arise from Wolffian remnants, and are extremely rare tumors with widely variable morphology. Sarcomatoid dedifferentiation has been previously described in a few cases, but other forms of dedifferentiation have not been reported. Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (e.g. small cell carcinoma) is associated with HPV infection, typically HPV 18. These tumors often arise in association with a conventional epithelial component such as squamous cell carcinoma or usual-type endocervical adenocarcinoma. We describe a case of mesonephric adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix associated with an HPV-negative high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma at the morphologic and immunophenotypic level, for which we performed targeted massively parallel sequencing analysis of the 2 elements. Both components shared identical mutations in U2AF1 p.R156H (c.467G>A) and GATA3 p.M422fs (c.1263dupG), as well as MYCN amplification. In addition, the neuroendocrine carcinoma harbored TP53 and MST1R mutations not present in the mesonephric carcinoma. Our data suggest a clonal origin of the 2 components of this rare entity, rather than a collision tumor.
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30
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Zhang W, Girard L, Zhang YA, Haruki T, Papari-Zareei M, Stastny V, Ghayee HK, Pacak K, Oliver TG, Minna JD, Gazdar AF. Small cell lung cancer tumors and preclinical models display heterogeneity of neuroendocrine phenotypes. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2018. [PMID: 29535911 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2018.02.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a deadly, high grade neuroendocrine (NE) tumor without recognized morphologic heterogeneity. However, over 30 years ago we described a SCLC subtype with "variant" morphology which did not express some NE markers and exhibited more aggressive growth. Methods To quantitate NE properties of SCLCs, we developed a 50-gene expression-based NE score that could be applied to human SCLC tumors and cell lines, and genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models. We identified high and low NE subtypes of SCLC in all of our sample types, and characterized their properties. Results We found that 16% of human SCLC tumors and 10% of SCLC cell lines were of the low NE subtype, as well as cell lines from the GEM model. High NE SCLC lines grew as non-adherent floating aggregates or spheroids while Low NE lines had morphologic features of the variant subtype and grew as loosely attached cells. While the high NE subtype expressed one of the NE lineage master transcription factors ASCL1 or NEUROD1, together with NKX2-1, the entire range of NE markers, and lacked expression of the neuronal and NE repressor REST, the low NE subtype had lost expression of most NE markers, ASCL1, NEUROD1 and NKX2-1 and expressed REST. The low NE subtype had undergone epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and had activated the Notch, Hippo and TGFβ pathways and MYC oncogene . Importantly, the high and low NE group of SCLC lines had similar gene expression profiles as their SCLC tumor counterparts. Conclusions SCLC tumors and cell lines can exhibit distinct inter-tumor heterogeneity with respect to expression of NE features. Loss of NE expression results in major alterations in morphology, growth characteristics, and molecular properties. These findings have major clinical implications as the two subtypes are predicted to have very different responses to targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Luc Girard
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yu-An Zhang
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tomohiro Haruki
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mahboubeh Papari-Zareei
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Victor Stastny
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hans K Ghayee
- University of Florida Health and Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Karel Pacak
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Trudy G Oliver
- Huntsman Cancer Institute at University of Utah, Salk Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John D Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Adi F Gazdar
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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31
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Gazdar AF, Bunn PA, Minna JD. Small-cell lung cancer: what we know, what we need to know and the path forward. Nat Rev Cancer 2017; 17:725-737. [PMID: 29077690 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2017.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a deadly tumour accounting for approximately 15% of lung cancers and is pathologically, molecularly, biologically and clinically very different from other lung cancers. While the majority of tumours express a neuroendocrine programme (integrating neural and endocrine properties), an important subset of tumours have low or absent expression of this programme. The probable initiating molecular events are inactivation of TP53 and RB1, as well as frequent disruption of several signalling networks, including Notch signalling. SCLC, when diagnosed, is usually widely metastatic and initially responds to cytotoxic therapy but nearly always rapidly relapses with resistance to further therapies. There were no important therapeutic clinical advances for 30 years, leading SCLC to be designated a 'recalcitrant cancer'. Scientific studies are hampered by a lack of tissue availability. However, over the past 5 years, there has been a worldwide resurgence of studies on SCLC, including comprehensive molecular analyses, the development of relevant genetically engineered mouse models and the establishment of patient-derived xenografts. These studies have led to the discovery of new potential therapeutic vulnerabilities for SCLC and therefore to new clinical trials. Thus, while the past has been bleak, the future offers greater promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi F Gazdar
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75230-8593, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75230-8593, USA
| | - Paul A Bunn
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Cancer Center, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - John D Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75230-8593, USA
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75230-8593, USA
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32
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Miyoshi T, Umemura S, Matsumura Y, Mimaki S, Tada S, Makinoshima H, Ishii G, Udagawa H, Matsumoto S, Yoh K, Niho S, Ohmatsu H, Aokage K, Hishida T, Yoshida J, Nagai K, Goto K, Tsuboi M, Tsuchihara K. Genomic Profiling of Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Lung. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:757-765. [PMID: 27507618 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the lung shares many clinical characteristics with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), little is known about its molecular features. We analyzed lung LCNECs to identify biologically relevant genomic alterations. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed targeted capture sequencing of all the coding exons of 244 cancer-related genes on 78 LCNEC samples [65 surgically resected cases, including 10 LCNECs combined with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) types analyzed separately, and biopsies of 13 advanced cases]. Frequencies of genetic alterations were compared with those of 141 SCLCs (50 surgically resected cases and biopsies of 91 advanced cases). RESULTS We found a relatively high prevalence of inactivating mutations in TP53 (71%) and RB1 (26%), but the mutation frequency in RB1 was lower than that in SCLCs (40%, P = 0.039). In addition, genetic alterations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were detected in 12 (15%) of the tumors: PIK3CA 3%, PTEN 4%, AKT2 4%, RICTOR 5%, and mTOR 1%. Other activating alterations were detected in KRAS (6%), FGFR1 (5%), KIT (4%), ERBB2 (4%), HRAS (1%), and EGFR (1%). Five of 10 cases of LCNECs combined with NSCLCs harbored previously reported driver gene alterations, all of which were shared between the two components. The median concordance rate of candidate somatic mutations between the two components was 71% (range, 60%-100%). CONCLUSIONS LCNECs have a similar genomic profile to SCLC, including promising therapeutic targets, such as the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and other gene alterations. Sequencing-based molecular profiling is warranted in LCNEC for targeted therapies. Clin Cancer Res; 23(3); 757-65. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Miyoshi
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Umemura
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan. .,Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsumura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Mimaki
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tada
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideki Makinoshima
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Genichiro Ishii
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hibiki Udagawa
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Yoh
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Seiji Niho
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hironobu Ohmatsu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keiju Aokage
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Hishida
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Junji Yoshida
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kanji Nagai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koichi Goto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuboi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsuya Tsuchihara
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
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Helfrich BA, Kim J, Gao D, Chan DC, Zhang Z, Tan AC, Bunn PA. Barasertib (AZD1152), a Small Molecule Aurora B Inhibitor, Inhibits the Growth of SCLC Cell Lines In Vitro and In Vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2314-2322. [PMID: 27496133 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells have rapid proliferation, universal Rb inactivation, and high rates of MYC family amplification, making aurora kinase inhibition a natural target. Preclinical studies have demonstrated activity for Aurora A and pan-Aurora inhibitors with some relationship to MYC family expression. A clinical trial showed activity for an Aurora kinase A inhibitor, but no biomarkers were evaluated. We screened a panel of 23 SCLC lines with and without MYC family gene amplification or high MYC family gene expression for growth inhibition by the highly potent, selective aurora kinase B inhibitor barasertib. Nine of the SCLC lines were very sensitive to growth inhibition by barasertib, with IC50 values of <50 nmol/L and >75% growth inhibition at 100 nmol/L. Growth inhibition correlated with cMYC amplification (P = 0.018) and cMYC gene expression (P = 0.026). Sensitive cell lines were also enriched in a published MYC gene signature (P = 0.042). In vivo, barasertib inhibited the growth of xenografts established from an SCLC line that had high cMYC gene expression, no cMYC amplification, and was positive for the core MYC gene signature. Our studies suggest that SCLC tumors with cMYC amplification/high gene expression will frequently respond to Aurora B inhibitors and that clinical studies coupled with predictive biomarkers are indicated. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(10); 2314-22. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Helfrich
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Dexiang Gao
- Department of Biostatistics & Informatics, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado. Department of Medicine-Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Daniel C Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Aik-Choon Tan
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Paul A Bunn
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado.
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Jahchan NS, Lim JS, Bola B, Morris K, Seitz G, Tran KQ, Xu L, Trapani F, Morrow CJ, Cristea S, Coles GL, Yang D, Vaka D, Kareta MS, George J, Mazur PK, Nguyen T, Anderson WC, Dylla SJ, Blackhall F, Peifer M, Dive C, Sage J. Identification and Targeting of Long-Term Tumor-Propagating Cells in Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cell Rep 2016; 16:644-56. [PMID: 27373157 PMCID: PMC4956576 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a neuroendocrine lung cancer characterized by fast growth, early dissemination, and rapid resistance to chemotherapy. We identified a population of long-term tumor-propagating cells (TPCs) in a mouse model of SCLC. This population, marked by high levels of EpCAM and CD24, is also prevalent in human primary SCLC tumors. Murine SCLC TPCs are numerous and highly proliferative but not intrinsically chemoresistant, indicating that not all clinical features of SCLC are linked to TPCs. SCLC TPCs possess a distinct transcriptional profile compared to non-TPCs, including elevated MYC activity. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of MYC in SCLC cells to non-TPC levels inhibits long-term propagation but not short-term growth. These studies identify a highly tumorigenic population of SCLC cells in mouse models, cell lines, and patient tumors and a means to target them in this most fatal form of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine S Jahchan
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jing Shan Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Becky Bola
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Karen Morris
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Garrett Seitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kim Q Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Francesca Trapani
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Christopher J Morrow
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Sandra Cristea
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Garry L Coles
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dian Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dedeepya Vaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael S Kareta
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julie George
- Medical Faculty, Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Pawel K Mazur
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thuyen Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | - Fiona Blackhall
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Martin Peifer
- Medical Faculty, Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Caroline Dive
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Julien Sage
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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35
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Li J, Fang B, Kinose F, Bai Y, Kim JY, Chen YA, Rix U, Koomen JM, Haura EB. Target Identification in Small Cell Lung Cancer via Integrated Phenotypic Screening and Activity-Based Protein Profiling. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:334-42. [PMID: 26772203 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To overcome hurdles in identifying key kinases in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), we integrated a target-agnostic phenotypic screen of kinase inhibitors with target identification using activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) in which a desthiobiotin-ATP probe was used. We screened 21 SCLC cell lines with known c-MYC amplification status for alterations in viability using a chemical library of 235 small-molecule kinase inhibitors. One screen hit compound was interrogated with ABPP, and, through this approach, we reidentified Aurora kinase B as a critical kinase in MYC-amplified SCLC cells. We next extended the platform to a second compound that had activity in SCLC cell lines lacking c-MYC amplification and identified TANK-binding kinase 1, a kinase that affects cell viability, polo-like kinase-1 signaling, G2-M arrest, and apoptosis in SCLC cells lacking MYC amplification. These results demonstrate that phenotypic screening combined with ABPP can identify key disease drivers, suggesting that this approach, which combines new chemical probes and disease cell screens, has the potential to identify other important targets in other cancer types. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(2); 334-42. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannong Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Bin Fang
- Proteomics Core Facility, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Fumi Kinose
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Yian A Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Uwe Rix
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - John M Koomen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Eric B Haura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
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Liu X, Xu Y, Pang Z, Guo F, Qin Q, Yin T, Sang Y, Feng C, Li X, Jiang L, Shu P, Wang Y. Knockdown of SUMO-activating enzyme subunit 2 (SAE2) suppresses cancer malignancy and enhances chemotherapy sensitivity in small cell lung cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:67. [PMID: 26063074 PMCID: PMC4483218 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SUMO-activating enzyme subunit 2 (SAE2) is the sole E1-activating enzyme required for numerous important protein SUMOylation, abnormal of which is associated with carcinogenesis. SAE2 inactivation was recently reported to be a therapeutic strategy in cancers with Myc overexpression. However, the roles of SAE2 in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are largely unknown. Methods Stably SAE2 knockdown in H446 cells were established with a lentiviral system. Cell viability, cell cycle, and apoptosis were analyzed using MTT assay and flow cytometric assay. Expression of SAE2 mRNA and protein were detected by qPCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining. Cell invasion and migration assay were determined by transwell chamber assay. H446 cells with or without SAE2 knockdown, nude mice models were established to observe tumorigenesis. Results SAE2 was highly expressed in SCLC and significantly correlated with tumorigenesis in vivo. Cancer cells with RNAi-mediated reduction of SAE2 expression exhibited growth retardation and apoptosis increasing. Furthermore, down-regulation of SAE2 expression inhibited migration and invasion, simultaneously increased the sensitivity of H446 to etoposide and cisplatin. Conclusions SAE2 plays an important role in tumor growth, metastasis, and chemotherapy sensitivity of H446 and is a potential clinical biomarker and therapeutic target in SCLC with high c-Myc expression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-015-0164-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Liu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center , West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zongguo Pang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fuchun Guo
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qing Qin
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Yin
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaxiong Sang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chengjun Feng
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pei Shu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Hwang DH, Sun H, Rodig SJ, Hornick JL, Sholl LM. Myc protein expression correlates with MYC amplification in small-cell lung carcinoma. Histopathology 2015; 67:81-9. [PMID: 25407018 DOI: 10.1111/his.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Myc family members are important contributors to oncogenesis in a variety of tumours. Identification of therapeutic targets is needed in small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), an aggressive disease with limited treatment options. Sequencing studies have identified MYC amplification in 2-7% of SCLCs. This study aims to determine the rate of MYC gene amplification and its correlation with Myc protein overexpression in SCLC. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred and three cases of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded SCLC were examined. Myc protein expression was scored according to the extent of immunohistochemical staining. MYC copy number (CN) was evaluated with dual-colour chromogenic in-situ hybridization (CISH) for the MYC locus and a chromosome 8 (Chr8) centromeric control. Amplification was defined as a MYC/Chr8 ratio of ≥2. Thirty-eight per cent of SCLCs had some degree of Myc protein expression, and 9% of cases were MYC-amplified. MYC CN was significantly correlated with the extent of Myc protein expression (Spearman's ρ = 0.57, P < 0.01). There was no significant association between Myc expression or CN and clinicopathological features. CONCLUSIONS MYC amplification by CISH was identified in 9% of SCLCs, and correlated with protein expression. As novel Myc-targeted therapies are developed, CISH and IHC should be considered as biomarkers of Myc pathway dysregulation in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heather Sun
- Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center Pathology Core, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott J Rodig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center Pathology Core, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason L Hornick
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lynette M Sholl
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Li L, Song H, Zhong L, Yang R, Yang XQ, Jiang KL, Liu BZ. Lithium Chloride Promotes Apoptosis in Human Leukemia NB4 Cells by Inhibiting Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Beta. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:805-10. [PMID: 26516309 PMCID: PMC4615241 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). With the application of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO), APL becomes one of best prognosis of leukemia. However, ATRA and ATO are not effective against all APLs. Therefore, a new strategy for APL treatment is necessary. Here, we investigated whether lithium chloride (LiCl), a drug used for the treatment of mental illness, could promote apoptosis in human leukemia NB4 cells. We observed that treatment with LiCl significantly accelerated apoptosis in NB4 cells and led to cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Moreover, LiCl significantly increased the level of Ser9-phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β(p-GSK-3β), and decreased the level of Akt1 protein in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, LiCl inhibition of c-Myc also enhanced cell death with a concomitant increase in β-catnin. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that LiCl promoted apoptosis in NB4 cells through the Akt signaling pathway and that G2/M phase arrest was induced by increase of p-GSK-3β(S9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Li
- 1. Central Laboratory of Yong-chuan hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China. ; 2. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chong-qing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hao Song
- 1. Central Laboratory of Yong-chuan hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- 2. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chong-qing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rong Yang
- 2. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chong-qing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiao-Qun Yang
- 2. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chong-qing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Kai-Ling Jiang
- 2. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chong-qing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bei-Zhong Liu
- 1. Central Laboratory of Yong-chuan hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China. ; 2. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chong-qing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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