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Ishii G. New insights into cancer pathology learned from the dynamics of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Pathol Int 2024. [PMID: 38923250 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Paget's "Seed and Soil" theory, proposed in 1889, emphasizes the importance of the microenvironment where cancer cells grow in metastatic sites. Over a century later, this concept remains a cornerstone in comprehending cancer biology and devising treatment strategies. The "Seed and Soil" theory, which initially explained how cancer spreads to distant organs, now also applies to the tumor microenvironment (TME) within primary tumors. This theory emphasizes the critical interaction between cancer cells ("seeds") and their surrounding environment ("soil") and how this interaction affects both tumor progression within the primary site and at metastatic sites. An important point to note is that the characteristics of the TME are not static but dynamic, undergoing substantial changes during tumor progression and after treatment with therapeutic drugs. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), recognized as the principal noncancerous cellular component within the TME, play multifaceted roles in tumor progression including promoting angiogenesis, remodeling the extracellular matrix, and regulating immune responses. In this comprehensive review, we focus on the findings regarding how the dynamics of CAFs contribute to cancer progression and drug sensitivity. Understanding the dynamics of CAFs could provide new insights into cancer pathology and lead to important advancements in cancer research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genichiro Ishii
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Innovative Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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Takahashi K, Shoda K, Takiguchi K, Higuchi Y, Matsuoka K, Nakayama T, Saito R, Maruyama S, Nakata Y, Furuya S, Shiraishi K, Akaike H, Kawaguchi Y, Amemiya H, Kawaida H, Ichikawa D. Prognostic Impact of Stromal Profiles Educated by Gastric Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:2309-2318. [PMID: 37919449 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblasts exhibit diversity and have several subtypes. The underlying relationship between the diversity of cancer-associated fibroblasts and their effect on gastric cancer progression remains unclear. In this study, mesenchymal stem cells were differentiated into cancer-associated fibroblasts with gastric cancer cell lines; clinical specimens were used to further investigate the impact of cancer-associated fibroblast diversity on cancer progression. METHODS Nine gastric cancer cell lines (NUGC3, NUGC4, MKN7, MKN45, MKN74, FU97, OCUM1, NCI-N87, and KATOIII) were used to induce mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into cancer-associated fibroblasts. The cancer-associated fibroblasts were classified based on ACTA2 and PDPN expression. Cell function analysis was used to examine the impact of cancer-associated fibroblast subtypes on cancer cell phenotype. Tissue samples from 97gastric patients who underwent gastrectomy were used to examine the clinical significance of each subtype classified according to cancer-associated fibroblast expression. RESULTS Co-culture of mesenchymal stem cells with nine gastric cancer cell lines revealed different subtypes of ACTA2 and PDPN expression in differentiated cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cancer-associated fibroblast subtypes with high ACTA2 plus PDPN expression levels significantly increased gastric cancer cell migration, invasion, and proliferation. The cancer-associated fibroblast subtype with ACTA2 plus PDPN expression was an independent prognostic factor along with lymph node metastasis for patients who had gastric cancer and were undergoing surgery. CONCLUSIONS Cancer-associated fibroblasts are educated by gastric cancer cells during the development of cancer-associated fibroblast diversity. Differentiated cancer-associated fibroblasts with distinct expression patterns could affect gastric cancer progression and enable prognostic stratification for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Takahashi
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Shoda
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Koichi Takiguchi
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yudai Higuchi
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuoka
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakayama
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Ryo Saito
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Suguru Maruyama
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakata
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shinji Furuya
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kensuke Shiraishi
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hidenori Akaike
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kawaguchi
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hidetake Amemiya
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Kawaida
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- First Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
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Tian Y, Chen X, Wang X, Song Y. Podoplanin promotes the carcinogenicity of gastric cancer by activating ezrin and mediating the crosstalk between tumour cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:740-751. [PMID: 36156321 PMCID: PMC10988511 DOI: 10.1113/ep090172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? To reveal the role and biological mechanism of PDPN in the progression of gastric cancer. What is the main finding and its importance? This study focused on a prognostic predictor, PDPN, which acted as a promoter in the progression of gastric cancer through the activation of Ezrin expression and CAFs. This finding may expand a new route for the gene-targeted therapy in gastric cancer. ABSTRACT Gastric cancer (GC) is a frequent malignant disease and the main cause of cancer-related death in the world. Podoplanin (PDPN) has been proved to be involved in the progression of various cancers. However, the role and biological mechanism of PDPN in GC are still vague. In our study, we detected the expression of PDPN in GC tissues and cell lines using RT-qPCR, western blot and datasets. The overall survival of GC patients was analysed with a Kaplan-Meier plot. The effects of PDPN overexpression and silencing on GC cell progression were assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry and a wound healing assay. Besides, the modulation of PDPN on ezrin activation was investigated. We further explored the role of PDPN in the crosstalk between GC cells and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Results showed that PDPN was upregulated in GC tissues and cell lines. High expression of PDPN was correlated with poor prognosis of GC patients. PDPN positively regulated the viability, migration and invasion, but inhibited apoptosis, of GC cells by mediating the activation of ezrin. Meanwhile, the change in PDPN in GC cells activated CAFs and promoted the production of cytokines secreted by CAFs, which induced the progression of GC cells. These findings may provide a novel target for GC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueli Tian
- Gastroenteric Medicine and Digestive Endoscopy CenterThe Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Xin Chen
- Gastroenteric Medicine and Digestive Endoscopy CenterThe Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Gastroenteric Medicine and Digestive Endoscopy CenterThe Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
| | - Ying Song
- Gastroenteric Medicine and Digestive Endoscopy CenterThe Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina
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Bu F, Zhang Y, Zhao N, Tian X, Xu Y. Ezrin regulates the progression of NSCLC by YAP and PD-L1. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2023:10.1007/s12094-023-03113-9. [PMID: 36795259 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether ezrin regulates Yes-associated protein (YAP) and programed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), which are involved in the invasion and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Immunohistochemistry of 164 NSCLC and 16 para-cancer tissues was performed to detect ezrin, YAP, and PD-L1 expression. Further, H1299 and A549 cells were transfected with lentivirus, and then colony formation, CCK8, transwell, and wound-healing assays were used to assess cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. RT-qPCR and western blotting were used for quantitative analysis of ezrin, PD-L1, and YAP expression. Moreover, the role of ezrin in tumor growth was assessed in vivo, and immunohistochemistry and western blotting were performed to evaluate changes in ezrin expression in mouse samples. RESULTS The positive protein expression rates of these molecules in NSCLC were as follows: ezrin, 43.9% (72/164); YAP, 54.3% (89/164); and PD-L1, 47.6% (78/164); these were higher than those in normal lung tissues. Moreover, YAP and ezrin expression positively correlated with PD-L1 expression. Ezrin promoted proliferation, migration, invasion, and expression of YAP and PD-L1in NSCLC. Inhibition of ezrin expression reduced the effects of ezrin on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, inhibited the expression of YAP and PD-L1, and obviously reduced experimental tumor volume in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Ezrin is overexpressed in NSCLC patients and correlates with PD-L1 and YAP expression. Ezrin regulates YAP and PD-L1 expression. Inhibition of ezrin delayed NSCLC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Bu
- Pathology department of Shanxi Medical University Fenyang College, No.16, Xueyuan Road, Fenyang City, 032200, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yeping Zhang
- Pathology department of Shanxi Medical University Fenyang College, No.16, Xueyuan Road, Fenyang City, 032200, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Pathology department of Shanxi Medical University Fenyang College, No.16, Xueyuan Road, Fenyang City, 032200, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoai Tian
- Pathology department of Shanxi Medical University Fenyang College, No.16, Xueyuan Road, Fenyang City, 032200, Shanxi Province, China
- Pathology department Shanxi Fenyang Hospital, No.186, Shengli Road, Fenyang City, 032200, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yirong Xu
- Pathology department of Shanxi Medical University Fenyang College, No.16, Xueyuan Road, Fenyang City, 032200, Shanxi Province, China.
- Pathology department Shanxi Fenyang Hospital, No.186, Shengli Road, Fenyang City, 032200, Shanxi Province, China.
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Barik GK, Sahay O, Paul D, Santra MK. Ezrin gone rogue in cancer progression and metastasis: An enticing therapeutic target. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188753. [PMID: 35752404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer as it remains the most complicated, devastating, and enigmatic aspect of cancer. Several decades of extensive research have identified several key players closely associated with metastasis. Among these players, cytoskeletal linker Ezrin (the founding member of the ERM (Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin) family) was identified as a critical promoter of metastasis in pediatric cancers in the early 21st century. Ezrin was discovered 40 years ago as a aminor component of intestinal epithelial microvillus core protein, which is enriched in actin-containing cell surface structures. It controls gastric acid secretion and plays diverse physiological roles including maintaining cell polarity, regulating cell adhesion, cell motility and morphogenesis. Extensive research for more than two decades evinces that Ezrin is frequently dysregulated in several human cancers. Overexpression, altered subcellular localization and/or aberrant activation of Ezrin are closely associated with higher metastatic incidence and patient mortality, thereby justifying Ezrin as a valuable prognostic biomarker in cancer. Ezrin plays multifaceted role in multiple aspects of cancer, with its significant contribution in the complex metastatic cascade, through reorganizing the cytoskeleton and deregulating various cellular signaling pathways. Current preclinical studies using genetic and/or pharmacological approaches reveal that inactivation of Ezrin results in significant inhibition of Ezrin-mediated tumor growth and metastasis as well as increase in the sensitivity of cancer cells to various chemotherapeutic drugs. In this review, we discuss the recent advances illuminating the molecular mechanisms responsible for Ezrin dysregulation in cancer and its pleiotropic role in cancer progression and metastasis. We also highlight its potential as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in various cancers. More importantly, we put forward some potential questions, which we strongly believe, will stimulate both basic and translational research to better understand Ezrin-mediated malignancy, ultimately leading to the development of Ezrin-targeted cancer therapy for the betterment of human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Kumar Barik
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Osheen Sahay
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Debasish Paul
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Centre for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Manas Kumar Santra
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India.
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Yoshii S, Hayashi Y, Iijima H, Inoue T, Kimura K, Sakatani A, Nagai K, Fujinaga T, Hiyama S, Kodama T, Shinzaki S, Tsujii Y, Watabe K, Takehara T. Exosomal microRNAs derived from colon cancer cells promote tumor progression by suppressing fibroblast TP53 expression. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2396-2407. [PMID: 31148360 PMCID: PMC6676271 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment offers favorable conditions for tumor progression, and activated fibroblasts, known as cancer-associated fibroblasts, play a pivotal role. TP53-deficient cancer cells are known to induce strong fibroblast activation. We aimed to elucidate the oncogenic role of exosomes derived from TP53-deficient colon cancer cells in fibroblast proliferation and tumor growth. Cancer cell-derived exosomes (CDEs) were isolated from the conditioned media of cancer cells using a sequential ultracentrifugation method. The effects of exosomes on tumor growth were evaluated using human cell lines (TP53-WT colon cancer, HCT116; TP53-mutant colon cancer, HT29; and fibroblasts, CCD-18Co and WI-38) and an immune-deficient nude mouse xenograft model. HCT116 (HCT116sh p53 ) cells deficient in TP53 accelerated cocultured fibroblast proliferation compared to TP53-WT HCT116 (HCT116sh control ) cells in vitro. Exosomes from HCT116sh p53 cells suppressed TP53 expression of fibroblasts and promoted their proliferation. Xenografts of HCT116sh p53 cells grew significantly faster than those of HCT116sh control cells in the presence of co-injected fibroblasts, but this difference was diminished by CDE inhibition. Microarray analysis identified upregulation of several microRNAs (miR-1249-5p, miR-6737-5p, and miR-6819-5p) in TP53-deficient CDEs, which were functionally proven to suppress TP53 expression in fibroblasts. Exosomes derived from TP53-mutant HT29 cells also suppressed TP53 expression in fibroblasts and accelerated their growth. The proliferative effect of HT29 on cocultured fibroblasts was diminished by inhibition of these miRNAs in fibroblasts. Our results suggest that CDEs play a pivotal role in tumor progression by fibroblast modification. Cancer cell-derived exosomes might, therefore, represent a novel therapeutic target in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Yoshii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshito Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hideki Iijima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takanori Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sakatani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kengo Nagai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Fujinaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kodama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Shinzaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsujii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kenji Watabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Abundant tumor promoting stromal cells in lung adenocarcinoma with hypoxic regions. Lung Cancer 2017; 115:56-63. [PMID: 29290263 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a marker of hypoxia and its expression by cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) was reportedly associated with the poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. This study aimed to characterize the hypoxic microenvironment containing CAIX (+) CAFs. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, we evaluated the clinicopathological significance of CAIX expression by CAFs in 3cm and above lung adenocarcinoma (n=188). We then compared the expressions of E-cadherin, ezrin, ALDH-1, CD44, EGFR, HSF-1, Glut-1, and PD-L1 in cancer cells, as well as those of CD204 and podoplanin in stromal cells between CAIX (+) CAFs and CAIX (-) CAFs cases (n=25, each). RESULTS In total, 48 patients had CAIX (+) CAFs (26%). Multivariate analysis revealed that CAIX expression by CAFs could serve as an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival (p<0.05). The staining score of hypoxia marker Glut-1 in cancer cells was significantly higher in cases with CAIX (+) CAFs than in those with CAIX (-) CAFs (median: 20 vs. 0, p<0.01). In addition, the numbers of CD204 (+) tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and podoplanin (+) CAFs were significantly higher in the CAIX (+) CAFs group than in the CAIX (-) CAFs group (TAMs: 31.5 vs. 17.0: p<0.01, CAFs: 20 vs. 0: p<0.05). The staining score of the other markers did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the presence of abundant tumor promoting stromal cells, CD204 (+) TAMs, and podoplanin (+) CAFs is characteristic of the tumor microenvironment containing CAIX (+) CAFs, which contributes to an increase in aggressive behavior in lung adenocarcinoma with hypoxic regions.
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Bakheet AMH, Mahmoud SA, Huang Y, Zhang J, Wang J, Wei Y, Gamallat Y, Awadasseid A, Owusu L, Khidir Y, Wang L, Zhou S, Seewooruttun PK, Xin B, Xuan W, Su Z, Tang J. Ezrin as a possible diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker in mice lymphatic metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo. Biofactors 2017; 43:662-672. [PMID: 28608644 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks in the top of cancers leading to death. Early diagnosis is the big challenge in the case of HCC. Our in vitro study showed that Ezrin expression in lymphatic metastasis hepatocellular carcinoma (LNM-HCC) was associated with the metastatic rate. Here we aim to evaluate Ezrin expression as diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker of LNM-HCC in mice. Chinese inbred 615 mice, Hca-F and Hca-P cell lines were used in the study. Histological changes were determined by Hematoxylin and Eosin, while Ezrin expression was assessed by qRT-PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ezrin expression in this study gives credit to our in vitro study which Ezrin expression was positively correlated with LNM-HCC and negatively with Annexin7 (A7) expression. The highest histological changes were observed in high metastatic primary/secondary tumors combined with high Ezrin expression. Ezrin and A7 are higher in total primary tumors than in total secondary tumors (P = 0.0001, P = 0.021), respectively. Ezrin expression was enhanced in Hca-P A7 down-regulated primary/secondary tumors (P = 0.004), whereas, Ezrin expression was suppressed in Hca-F A7 upregulated primary/secondary tumors. Serum ELISA indicated differential expression of Ezrin among the study groups (P ≤ 0.0001). Ezrin expression was higher in NC-Hca-F than NC-Hca-P (P ≤ 0.0001), suppressed in Hca-F A7 upregulation (P ≤ 0.0001) and in enhanced in Hca-P A7 down-regulation (P = 0.0001). In conclusion, Ezrin level may serve as a differential diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker for high and low LNM-HCC and may be beneficial in the diagnosis of HCC disease. © 2017 BioFactors, 43(5):662-672, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Musa Hago Bakheet
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Salma Abdi Mahmoud
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Yuhong Huang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Yuanyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Yaser Gamallat
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Annoor Awadasseid
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Lawrence Owusu
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Yousra Khidir
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Shuting Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Pawan Kumar Seewooruttun
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Boyi Xin
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Zhen Su
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Jianwu Tang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian Liaoning, China
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Hago AM, Gamallat Y, Mahmoud SA, Huang Y, Zhang J, Mahmoud YK, Wang J, Wei Y, Wang L, Zhou S, Awsh MA, Yabasin IB, Tang J. Ezrin expression is altered in mice lymphatic metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma and subcellular fractions upon Annexin 7 modulation in-vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 85:209-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Naito M, Aokage K, Saruwatari K, Hisakane K, Miyoshi T, Hishida T, Yoshida J, Masato S, Kojima M, Kuwata T, Fujii S, Ochiai A, Sato Y, Tsuboi M, Ishii G. Microenvironmental changes in the progression from adenocarcinoma in situ to minimally invasive adenocarcinoma and invasive lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma of the lung. Lung Cancer 2016; 100:53-62. [PMID: 27597281 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Invasive lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma (LPA) of the lung is thought to progress in a stepwise fashion from adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA). The aim of this study was to investigate the microenvironmental changes during the development from AIS to LPA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinicopathological characteristics of AIS (n=51), MIA (n=59), LPA smaller than 3cm (LPA-S, n=113), and LPA larger than 3cm (LPA-L, n=47) were analyzed. We then evaluated the expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related molecules (E-cadherin, S100A4), invasion-related molecules (laminin-5, ezrin), stem-cell-related molecules (ALDH-1), and growth factor receptors (c-Met, EGFR) in cancer cells of each group (n=20). The number of tumor-promoting stromal cells, including podoplanin-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts (PDPN+ CAFs), CD204-positive tumor-associated macrophages (CD204+ TAMs), and CD34+ microvessel cells, were also analyzed. RESULTS No significant difference in these characteristics was found between LPA-S and LPA-L. Laminin-5 expression in the non-invasive carcinoma component of MIA was significantly higher than that of AIS (p<0.001). During the progression from MIA to LPA-S, the expression level of laminin-5 in the invasive carcinoma component was significantly elevated (p<0.01). Moreover, tumor-promoting stromal cells were more frequently recruited in the invasive area of LPA-S (PDPN+ CAFs; p<0.05, CD204+ TAMs; p<0.001, CD34+ microvessel; p<0.05). Ezrin expression in the invasive carcinoma component of LPA-L was significantly increased (p<0.05) compared to LPA-S; however, the number of tumor-promoting stromal cells were not different between these two groups. CONCLUSION Our current results indicated that microenvironmental molecular changes occur during the progression from MIA to LPA-S and suggested that this process may play an important role in disease progression from AIS to LPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Naito
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, Japan; Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, East Kashiwa, Japan; Department of Thoracic Surgery Kitasato University school of Medicine, Japan
| | - Keiju Aokage
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, Japan
| | - Kouichi Saruwatari
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, Japan; Division of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, East Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Kakeru Hisakane
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, Japan; Division of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, East Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Miyoshi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, East Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Hishida
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, East Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Junji Yoshida
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, East Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Sugano Masato
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kojima
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuwata
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujii
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, Japan
| | - Yukitoshi Sato
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Kitasato University school of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuboi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, East Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Genichiro Ishii
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, Japan.
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11
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Hata K, Yoshida J, Udagawa H, Hashimoto H, Fujii S, Hishida T, Kuwata T, Aokage K, Kojima M, Ochiai A, Suzuki K, Tsuboi M, Ishii G. The difference in Ezrin-pAkt signaling axis between lepidic and papillary predominant invasive adenocarcinomas of the lung. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:1421-30. [PMID: 27059464 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Histologic classification of invasive lung adenocarcinomas by predominant subtype has prognostic value. Papillary predominant adenocarcinoma (PPA) reportedly shows poorer prognosis than lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma (LPA); however, biological differences between PPA and LPA are unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify biological differences between PPA and LPA. METHODS Clinicopathological characteristics of invasive 62 PPAs and 117 LPAs smaller than 30 mm were investigated. Furthermore, we compared immunochemical staining scores of 9 molecular markers (E-cadherin, S100A4, fibronectin, integrinβ1, ezrin, GLUT1, ALDH1, SOX2 and Nanog) between PPA and LPA. We performed Western blot analysis using ezrin shRNA-knockdown lung adenocarcinoma cell lines to examine whether molecules that are highly expressed in PPA, such as ezrin, affect pAkt. Finally, we performed immunochemical staining to compare pAkt expression level in PPA and LPA. RESULTS Lymphovascular and pleural invasion and lymph node metastasis were significantly more often detected in PPA than in LPA (lymphatic permeation: 31 vs 3 %, vascular invasion: 35 vs 3 %, pleural invasion: 29 vs 5 %, lymph node metastasis: 18 vs 1 %; all P < 0.01). Immunohistochemical (IHC) study revealed that expression score of ezrin was significantly higher in PPA than in LPA (38.3 vs 15.0; P < 0.01). The level of pAkt decreased in shEzrin-induced PC-9 and A549 cancer cells. Moreover, the IHC staining score of pAkt was significantly higher in PPA than in LPA (13.3 vs 0.0; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the activation of the ezrin-pAkt signaling axis is associated with the more aggressive clinicopathological features of PPA compared with LPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Hata
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan.,Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 3-1-3, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Junji Yoshida
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Hibiki Udagawa
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hashimoto
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujii
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Hishida
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuwata
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Keiju Aokage
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kojima
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 3-1-3, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuboi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Genichiro Ishii
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan.
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12
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Lee JY, Han AR, Lee SE, Min WS, Kim HJ. Co-culture with podoplanin+ cells protects leukemic blast cells with leukemia-associated antigens in the tumor microenvironment. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3849-57. [PMID: 27035421 PMCID: PMC4838120 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin+ cells are indispensable in the tumor microenvironment. Increasing evidence suggests that podoplanin may support the growth and metastasis of solid tumors; however, to the best of our knowledge no studies have determined whether or not podoplanin serves a supportive role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The effects of co‑culture with podoplanin+ cells on the cellular activities of the leukemic cells, such as apoptosis and cell proliferation, in addition to the expression of podoplanin in leukemic cells, were investigated. Due to the fact that genetic abnormalities are the primary cause of leukemogenesis, the overexpression of the fibromyalgia‑like tyrosine kinase‑3 gene in colony forming units was also examined following cell sorting. Podoplanin+ cells were found to play a protective role against apoptosis in leukemic cells and to promote cell proliferation. Tumor‑associated antigens, including Wilms' tumor gene 1 and survivin, were increased when leukemic cells were co‑cultured with podoplanin+ cells. In combination, the present results also suggest that podoplanin+ cells can function as stromal cells for blast cell retention in the AML tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yoon Lee
- Leukemia Research Institute, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Reum Han
- Leukemia Research Institute, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Lee
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Sung Min
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- Leukemia Research Institute, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137‑701, Republic of Korea
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13
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Takahashi A, Ishii G, Neri S, Yoshida T, Hashimoto H, Suzuki S, Umemura S, Matsumoto S, Yoh K, Niho S, Goto K, Ohmatsu H, Nagai K, Gemma A, Ohe Y, Ochiai A. Podoplanin-expressing cancer-associated fibroblasts inhibit small cell lung cancer growth. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9531-41. [PMID: 25909164 PMCID: PMC4496236 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) expressing podoplanin (PDPN) are a favorable prognosticator in surgically resected small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Here we explore whether CAFs expressing PDPN influence proliferation of SCLC cells. Compared with control group (SCLC cells co-cultured with CAFs-Ctrl), numbers of SCLC cells co-cultured with CAFs overexpressing PDPN were decreased. Suppression of PDPN expression by shRNA in CAFs resulted in increased numbers of SCLC cells. In surgically resected human SCLC specimens, the frequency of Geminin-positive cancer cells was significantly higher in the cases with PDPN-positive CAFs than in the cases with PDPN-negative CAFs. Thus CAFs expressing PDPN inhibit growth of SCLC cells, suggesting that CAFs expressing PDPN represent a tumor inhibitory stromal cell component in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Takahashi
- Division of Pathology, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan.,Division of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Bunkyo City, Tokyo 113-0022, Japan
| | - Genichiro Ishii
- Division of Pathology, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Shinya Neri
- Division of Pathology, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yoshida
- Division of Pathology, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan.,Division of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hashimoto
- Division of Pathology, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Shigeki Suzuki
- Division of Pathology, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Shigeki Umemura
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Yoh
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Seiji Niho
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Koichi Goto
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Hironobu Ohmatsu
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Kanji Nagai
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Akihiko Gemma
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Bunkyo City, Tokyo 113-0022, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ohe
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji, Chuo City, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Division of Pathology, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
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