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Hernández-Ortiz A, Rendón-Franco E, Muñoz-García CI, Villanueva-García C, Caballero-Ortega H, de-la-Rosa-Arana JL. Search for antibodies against Trichinella in two synanthropic Procyonidae species from southeast Mexico: white-nosed coatis (Nasua narica) and raccoons (Procyon lotor). Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1211-1217. [PMID: 37938422 PMCID: PMC10998775 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Trichinella is a nematode that are spread by the consumption of parasitized meat. Carnivora, a mammalian order, serve as key hosts for this parasite. However, evidence of Trichinella in wildlife from the Neotropics is extremely scarce, with reports documenting its presence only for five carnivore species: two Felidae, one Otariidae and two Mustelidae. Other widely distributed species that are consumed as bushmeat, such as Procyonidae, have not been studied in this context. A long-term study was performed for antibodies against Trichinella in coatis (Nasua narica) and common raccoons (Procyon lotor) in southeastern Mexico. Between the summer of 2009 to the winter 2013, a total of 291 coati samples and 125 raccoon samples were collected from a tropical green area located within an urban zone. An Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect antibodies against the excretory and secretory products of Trichinella spiralis muscle larva. ELISA-positive samples were further confirmed by Western Blot analysis. Results showed no evidence of antibodies during the first two years of study. However, in 2011, a sudden appearance of anti-Trichinella occurred. The seroprevalence reached its highest peak of 43% for coatis during winter 2013 and 53% for raccoons in summer 2013. This is the first study that provides evidence of Trichinella circulation within a neotropical procyonid community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Hernández-Ortiz
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Emilio Rendón-Franco
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, México.
| | | | - Claudia Villanueva-García
- Laboratorio de Ecología del Paisaje y Cambio Global, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, México
| | | | - Jorge-Luis de-la-Rosa-Arana
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli, México.
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2
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Langner T, Otranto D, Bezerra-Santos MA, Franzen J, Johne A, Tonanzi D, Pfeffer M, Birka S. Detection of Spirocerca lupi and an unknown Trichinella-like nematode in raccoon ( Procyon lotor). Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2024; 23:100911. [PMID: 38352914 PMCID: PMC10862008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The raccoon Procyon lotor (Carnivora: Procyonidae) is an invasive species of growing importance for the introduction of alien pathogens or as additional hosts for autochthonous pathogens in Europe, including zoonotic parasites. As the population is steadily increasing and outcompeting the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Germany, the consumption of raccoon meat raises concerns about pathogens they may transmit. Therefore the presence of Trichinella larvae was here investigated in muscle samples (n = 904) of raccoons from northern Germany. No Trichinella larvae were found, thus confirming the general low occurrence of this parasite in Germany. However, Spirocerca lupi (n = 12) and an unidentified Trichinella-like nematode (n = 1) were accidently detected in the examined samples. The first is not a zoonotic parasite but has a high veterinary relevance as it can cause severe diseases in dogs. It is the first documented autochthonous infection of this nematode in Germany. The larvae of an unidentified Trichinella-like nematode were found in high abundance in all examined muscles of one raccoon, though they could not be identified to species level. Histological investigation revealed intramuscular cystic structures. This is the largest study investigating muscular parasites of raccoons in Europe so far, which suggests that this invasive animal species is infected by S. lupi and by a yet unknown Trichinella -like parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Langner
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Food Hygiene, Germany
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Str. prov. per Casamassima km 3, Valenzano, Bari, 70010, Italy
| | - Marcos Antonio Bezerra-Santos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Str. prov. per Casamassima km 3, Valenzano, Bari, 70010, Italy
| | - Jan Franzen
- Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Annette Johne
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, NRL for Trichinella, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniele Tonanzi
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Martin Pfeffer
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Birka
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Food Hygiene, Germany
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3
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Lombardo A, Diano M, Brocherel G, Palmerini L, Giovannini S, Mezher Z, Iurescia M, Cerci T, Caprioli A, Eleni C, Raso C, Mariacher A, Del Lesto I, Cappai N, Mattioli L, De Liberato C, Fichi G. Detection of Endoparasites in Non-Native Raccoons from Central Italy. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020171. [PMID: 36851475 PMCID: PMC9961332 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The raccoon (Procyon lotor) is a carnivore native to North and Central America, gradually introduced into Asia and Europe, including Italy. It is an important carrier of multiple endoparasites, both Protozoa and Helminths, some of them being zoonotic. The aim of this study was to investigate the endoparasites of the non-native raccoon population of Central Italy. Sixty-two raccoons were collected by local competent authorities (sixty trapped and euthanized, two found dead) and subjected to necroscopic examination. Carcasses underwent a broad parasitological investigation, including coprological techniques (macroscopic examination of the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, trachea, and heart, Flotac®, Baermann test, and immunofluorescence for Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp.), research on respiratory/urinary capillariosis and artificial digestion for Trichinella spp. larvae, and a histopathological examination of the ileum. Ascarid parasites were further identified at the species level using a next-generation sequencing-based amplicon sequencing approach. The results showed the presence of different Protozoa and Nematodes: Baylisascaris procyonis (26/62; 41.9%), Pearsonema sp. (6/62; 9.6%), Capillariidae (6/62; 9.6%), Eimeria sp. (2/62; 3.2%), Cryptosporidium sp. (2/62; 3.2%), and Ancylostomatidae (2/62; 3.2%). B. procyonis is an emerging helminthic zoonotic agent considered a serious concern for public and animal health, given the possibility of its transmission to paratenic hosts, including humans and pets. The demonstrated role of the raccoon as a multi-parasite carrier should be an incentive to continuing the eradication/control of this alien species, and supports the need to implement related disease surveillance programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lombardo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e Della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, 52100 Arezzo, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Marco Diano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e Della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, 52100 Arezzo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Brocherel
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e Della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, 52100 Arezzo, Italy
| | - Lucia Palmerini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e Della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, 52100 Arezzo, Italy
| | - Serena Giovannini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e Della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, 52100 Arezzo, Italy
| | - Ziad Mezher
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e Della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Manuela Iurescia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e Della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, 00178 Roma, Italy
| | - Tamara Cerci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e Della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, 00178 Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Caprioli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e Della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, 00178 Roma, Italy
| | - Claudia Eleni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e Della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, 00178 Roma, Italy
| | - Caterina Raso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e Della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, 02100 Rieti, Italy
| | - Alessia Mariacher
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e Della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, 58100 Grosseto, Italy
| | - Irene Del Lesto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e Della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, 58100 Grosseto, Italy
| | - Nadia Cappai
- Parco Nazionale Foreste Casentinesi, Monte Falterona e Campigna, 52015 Pratovecchio, Italy
| | - Luca Mattioli
- Regione Toscana, Presidio Territoriale del Settore Faunistico Venatorio ed Ittico, 52100 Arezzo, Italy
| | - Claudio De Liberato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e Della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, 00178 Roma, Italy
| | - Gianluca Fichi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e Della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, 58100 Grosseto, Italy
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Langner T, Hamedy A, Wellner H, Johne A, Mayer-Scholl A, Birka S. First detection of Trichinella spiralis in raccoon (Procyon lotor) in Germany. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2022; 36:100800. [PMID: 36436907 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Trichinella spp. are foodborne parasites that can cause severe and potentially fatal disease in humans. Infections occur through consumption of meat containing the infectious stage (L1). In Germany the domestic cycle has been eradicated. In wild animals sporadic occurrence is observed in species such as wild boar, red foxes and raccoon dogs. The omnivore raccoon which is an invasive species in Europe is known as a potential host but has not been studied intensely regarding this parasite in Germany until now, thus resulting in a lack of knowledge about its role in the sylvatic cycle. Raccoons from the urban area of Leipzig were investigated for several pathogens including Trichinella spp. in a cooperative project. Muscle samples of 88 individuals were examined using the artificial digestion method (ADM). One animal was found positive, which is the first detection of this parasite in a raccoon in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Langner
- Institut für Lebensmittelhygiene; An den Tierkliniken 1; 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ahmad Hamedy
- Institut für Lebensmittelhygiene; An den Tierkliniken 1; 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heiko Wellner
- Institut für Lebensmittelhygiene; An den Tierkliniken 1; 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annette Johne
- Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung; FGr 45 - NRL für Trichinella; Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10; 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Mayer-Scholl
- Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung; FGr 45 - NRL für Trichinella; Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10; 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Birka
- Institut für Lebensmittelhygiene; An den Tierkliniken 1; 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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5
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Tominaga T, Aoki M, Biswas PG, Hatta T, Itagaki T. Prevalence of Trichinella T9 in Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus) in Iwate prefecture, Japan. Parasitol Int 2020; 80:102217. [PMID: 33137504 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Trichinellosis is a meat-borne zoonotic disease caused by nine Trichinella speices and three unclassified genotypes. In Japan, four domestic outbreaks of human trichinellosis are reported sporadically and were associated with the consumption of wild bear meat. This study examined Trichinella prevalence and its species in black bears, Ursus thibetanus japonicus in Iwate prefecture, Japan. Trichinella T9 larvae identified molecularly were first detected in 1.4% (2/144) of the masseters of black bears examined, and their densities were low (1 and 0.3 larvae /g muscle, respectively). Two cytochrome C oxidase I (COI) haplotypes (sequences) of Trichinella T9 were found in distinct bear populations, suggesting that Trichinella T9 populations isolated genetically by bear populations would occur in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Tominaga
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Mikiko Aoki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Peru Gopal Biswas
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan; Department of Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hatta
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Tadashi Itagaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan; Department of Pathogenetic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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6
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Cybulska A, Kornacka A, Popiołek M, Bień-Kalinowska J, Moskwa B. Use of meat juice from racoons (Procyon lotor) collected from Central Europe for immunological detection of Trichinella spp. Vet Parasitol 2020; 297:109066. [PMID: 32143976 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The raccoon (Procyon lotor) is a species native to North America, but which is now spreading throughout Europe. Raccoons have been found to host various Trichinella species. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using immunological testing of meat juice for determining the occurrence of Trichinella in raccoons. The studies were carried out on 139 animals from three European countries: the Czech Republic, Germany and Poland. Seven meat juice samples were found to be positive for antibodies to Trichinella by ELISA, and another seven were unclear. The ELISA results were confirmed by immunoblot: anti-Trichinella antibodies were identified in 9.35 % of the examined animals. Slight agreement (κ = 0.13) was found between the digestion method and the combined ELISA and immunoblot approach. From the results of our study, we concluded that meat juice may be used as a simple and convenient sample for detection of anti-Trichinella in racoons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Cybulska
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-818 Warsaw, Twarda 51/55, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Kornacka
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-818 Warsaw, Twarda 51/55, Poland
| | - Marcin Popiołek
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, Wrocław University, 51-148 Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, Poland
| | - Justyna Bień-Kalinowska
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-818 Warsaw, Twarda 51/55, Poland
| | - Bożena Moskwa
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-818 Warsaw, Twarda 51/55, Poland
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8
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Tada K, Suzuki H, Sato Y, Morishima Y, Nagano I, Ishioka H, Gomi H. Outbreak of Trichinella T9 Infections Associated with Consumption of Bear Meat, Japan. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:1532-1535. [PMID: 30015609 PMCID: PMC6056131 DOI: 10.3201/eid2408.172117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of trichinellosis occurred in Japan in December 2016. All case-patients had eaten undercooked bear meat, from which Trichinella larvae were subsequently isolated. DNA sequencing analysis of the mitochondrial genes cytochrome c-oxidase subunit 1 and internal transcribed spacer 2 confirmed that Trichinella T9 had caused the outbreak.
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9
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Cybulska A, Skopek R, Kornacka A, Popiołek M, Piróg A, Laskowski Z, Moskwa B. First detection of Trichinella pseudospiralis infection in raccoon (Procyon lotor) in Central Europe. Vet Parasitol 2018; 254:114-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Hatta T, Imamura K, Yamamoto T, Matsubayashi M, Tsuji N, Tsutsui T. A Large-Scale Survey of Trichinella spp. Infection in Japanese Wild Boars. Jpn J Infect Dis 2017; 70:219-220. [DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2016.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hatta
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine
- Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Kenkichi Imamura
- Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Takehisa Yamamoto
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Makoto Matsubayashi
- Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
- Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Naotoshi Tsuji
- Department of Parasitology, Kitasato University School of Medicine
- Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Toshiyuki Tsutsui
- Viral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
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Ruiz-Fons F. A Review of the Current Status of Relevant Zoonotic Pathogens in Wild Swine (Sus scrofa) Populations: Changes Modulating the Risk of Transmission to Humans. Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 64:68-88. [PMID: 25953392 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Many wild swine populations in different parts of the World have experienced an unprecedented demographic explosion that may result in increased exposure of humans to wild swine zoonotic pathogens. Interactions between humans and wild swine leading to pathogen transmission could come from different ways, being hunters and game professionals the most exposed to acquiring infections from wild swine. However, increasing human settlements in semi-natural areas, outdoor activities, socio-economic changes and food habits may increase the rate of exposure to wild swine zoonotic pathogens and to potentially emerging pathogens from wild swine. Frequent and increasing contact rate between humans and wild swine points to an increasing chance of zoonotic pathogens arising from wild swine to be transmitted to humans. Whether this frequent contact could lead to new zoonotic pathogens emerging from wild swine to cause human epidemics or emerging disease outbreaks is difficult to predict, and assessment should be based on thorough epidemiologic surveillance. Additionally, several gaps in knowledge on wild swine global population dynamics trends and wild swine-zoonotic pathogen interactions should be addressed to correctly assess the potential role of wild swine in the emergence of diseases in humans. In this work, viruses such as hepatitis E virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Influenza virus and Nipah virus, and bacteria such as Salmonella spp., Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp. and Leptospira spp. have been identified as the most prone to be transmitted from wild swine to humans on the basis of geographic spread in wild swine populations worldwide, pathogen circulation rates in wild swine populations, wild swine population trends in endemic areas, susceptibility of humans to infection, transmissibility from wild swine to humans and existing evidence of wild swine-human transmission events.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ruiz-Fons
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) Group, Spanish Wildlife Research Institute (IREC; CSIC-UCLM-JCCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
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12
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Lee HJ, Chung OS, Kim JL, Lee SH, Yoo YB, Seo M. Seroprevalence of Trichinella sp. in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) from Yanggu-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2015; 53:233-6. [PMID: 25925185 PMCID: PMC4416366 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2015.53.2.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A total 7 outbreaks of trichinellosis have occurred in Korea, mostly as a result of consumption of raw wild boar (Sus scrofa) meat. Since only 1 serological survey on wild boars had yet been performed in Korea, the present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of trichinellosis in wild boars and some species of rodents by artificial digestion and serological examinations in Yanggu-gun, Gangwon-do, the endemic area of trichinellosis. Both the wild boar and rodent muscle samples revealed no Trichinella larvae by direct examination and artificial digestion method. However, serological examinations revealed that 4 wild boar sera samples out of 118 (3.4%) were positive to Trichinella antigen. Although the recovery of Trichinella larvae ended in a failure, it is proved for the first time that the sylvatic cycle of Trichinella has been maintained in wild boars of Gangwon-do, Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jung Lee
- Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Mummy, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - Ok-Sik Chung
- Division of Ecology and Environment, Chungnam Development Institute, Gongju 314-140, Korea
| | - Jae-Lip Kim
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Seung-Ha Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - Young-Bok Yoo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - Min Seo
- Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Mummy, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
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Comparison of three molecular detection methods for detection of Trichinella in infected pigs. Parasitol Res 2013; 112:2087-93. [PMID: 23334692 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Different molecular detection methods require diverse molecular platforms, but there is no uniform standard for people to reference in the detection of Trichinella. In this study, real-time PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and conventional PCR were developed for the detection of Trichinella by targeting mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal DNA (mt-lsrDNA). We compared the performance of the three newly developed assays. The results revealed that the detection limits of the real-time PCR, LAMP, and conventional PCR assays were 10 and 100 fg/μL and 1 pg/μL of Trichinella spiralis genomic DNA, respectively. The assays were used in the detection of Trichinella in the field. A total of 192 samples were obtained from pigs: 75 samples from free range farming and 117 from intensive feeding factory. The infection rate was 8/192 (4.2 %), 7/192 (3.6 %), and 1/192 (1.0 %) through the real-time PCR, LAMP, and conventional PCR assays, respectively. These data indicate that Taqman real-time PCR was a rapid, specific, and sensitive tool as a preferred option for investigation of valuable samples, but that LAMP assay was closed tube, highly sensitive, cost-effective, rapid, easy-to-perform, and was the optimal choice for detection of Trichinella in the field. The results of a model of experimental infection in mice indicated that spleen can be used as sampling site for the detection of early T. spiralis infection. However, the diaphragm and myocardium were the most suitable sampling sites for the detection of T. spiralis.
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14
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Beltrán-Beck B, García FJ, Gortázar C. Raccoons in Europe: disease hazards due to the establishment of an invasive species. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-011-0600-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lee K, Iwata T, Nakadai A, Kato T, Hayama S, Taniguchi T, Hayashidani H. Prevalence of Salmonella, Yersinia and Campylobacter spp. in feral raccoons (Procyon lotor) and masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) in Japan. Zoonoses Public Health 2011; 58:424-31. [PMID: 21824337 PMCID: PMC7165867 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2010.01384.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
To estimate the public and animal health risk that alien species pose, the prevalence of Salmonella, Yersinia, and Campylobacter spp. in feral raccoons (Procyon lotor, n = 459) and masked palm civets (Paguma larvata, n = 153), which are abundant alien species in Japan, was investigated in urban and suburban areas of Japan. Salmonella enterica was detected from 29 samples [26 raccoons, 5.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.8–3.5%; three masked palm civets, 2.0%, 95% CI 4.2–0%]. Many of the isolates belonged to serovars that are commonly isolated from human gastroenteritis patients (e.g. S. Infantis, S. Typhimurium, and S. Thompson). The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that 26.9 % of the isolates from raccoons were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, whereas none of the isolates from masked palm civets were resistant. Yersinia sp. was detected from 193 samples (177 raccoons, 38.6%, 95% CI 43.0–34.1%; 16 masked palm civets, 10.5%, 95% CI 15.3–5.6%). All virulent Yersinia strains belonged to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, which was isolated from seven (1.5%, 95% CI 2.6–0.4%) raccoons and six (3.9%, 95% CI 7.0–0.8%) masked palm civets. According to the detection of virulence factors, all the Y. pseudotuberculosis isolates belonged to the Far Eastern systemic pathogenicity type. Campylobacter spp. was detected from 17 samples (six raccoons, 1.3%, 95% CI 2.3–0.3%; 11 masked palm civets, 7.2%, 95% CI 11.3–3.1%). Among these, three isolates from raccoons were identified as C. jejuni. These results showed that these pathogens can be transmitted by human activities, other wild animals, and the environment to feral raccoons and masked palm civets, and vice versa. As these animals have omnivorous behaviour and a wide range of habitats, they can play an important role in the transmission of the enteric pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lee
- Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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