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Zerna G, Spithill TW, Beddoe T. Current Status for Controlling the Overlooked Caprine Fasciolosis. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1819. [PMID: 34207215 PMCID: PMC8235714 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The disease fasciolosis is caused by the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, which infect a wide range of mammals and production livestock, including goats. These flatworm parasites are globally distributed and predicted to cost the livestock industry a now conservative USD 3 billion per year in treatment and lowered on-farm productivity. Infection poses a risk to animal welfare and results in lowered fertility rates and reduced production yields of meat, milk and wool. This zoonotic disease is estimated to infect over 600 million animals and up to 2.4 million humans. Current and future control is threatened with the global emergence of flukes resistant to anthelmintics. Drug resistance calls for immediate on-farm parasite management to ensure treatments are effective and re-infection rates are kept low, while a sustainable long-term control method, such as a vaccine, is being developed. Despite the recent expansion of the goat industry, particularly in developing countries, there are limited studies on goat-focused vaccine control studies and the effectiveness of drug treatments. There is a requirement to collate caprine-specific fasciolosis knowledge. This review will present the current status of liver fluke caprine infections and potential control methods for application in goat farming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Travis Beddoe
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences and Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; (G.Z.); (T.W.S.)
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Vieira ÍS, Oliveira IDC, Campos AK, Araújo JV. Arthrobotrys cladodes and Pochonia chlamydosporia: Nematicidal effects of single and combined use after passage through cattle gastrointestinal tract. Exp Parasitol 2020; 218:108005. [PMID: 32971132 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.108005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nematodiosis are responsible for financial losses in cattle production systems due to treatment costs, falling production rates and animal deaths. The incorporation of sodium alginate pellets containing nematophagous fungi in the bovine diet is a method for the control of nematodiosis. The aims of this study were to evaluate the viability of Arthrobotrys cladodes and Pochonia chlamydosporia contained in sodium alginate pellets after passage through the bovine gastrointestinal tract, as well as to evaluate the effects of single and combined use of these fungi against bovine parasitic nematodes. The reduction in parasitic nematode infective larvae of bovines by the combined use of Arthrobotrys cladodes and Pochonia chlamydosporia was more than the reduction in infective larvae by Arthrobotrys cladodes or Pochonia chlamydosporia alone in the collections 12, 24 and 36 h after giving the pellets to the animals. Arthrobotrys cladodes and Pochonia chlamydosporia combined promoted maximum reduction of infective larvae of 86.3%. Therefore, the combination of Arthrobotrys cladodes and Pochonia chlamydosporia may be an effective method to control gastrointestinal nematodiosis affecting grazing cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ítalo Stoupa Vieira
- Laboratório de Parasitologia e Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Av. P.H Rolfs, s/n, CEP, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Isabela de Castro Oliveira
- Laboratório de Parasitologia e Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Av. P.H Rolfs, s/n, CEP, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Artur Kanadani Campos
- Laboratório de Parasitologia e Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Av. P.H Rolfs, s/n, CEP, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Jackson Victor Araújo
- Laboratório de Parasitologia e Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Av. P.H Rolfs, s/n, CEP, 36570-900, Brazil
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Valadão MC, Millena de Carvalho L, Vieira ÍS, Neves PH, Ferreira VM, Campos AK, Elias de Freitas Soares F, Ferraz CM, Ribeiro Vilela VL, Braga FR, Araújo JV. Germination capacity of the Pochonia chlamydosporia fungus after its passage through the gastrointestinal tract of domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Exp Parasitol 2020; 216:107936. [PMID: 32535116 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the germination capacity of Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC4) fungus after its passage through the gastrointestinal tract of domestic chickens and its interaction with Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinarum eggs. Twenty-two domestic chickens were divided in two groups: control group (G1) received shredded corn substrate without VC4; and treatment group (G2) received a single dose of 29 g corn substrate containing 3.3 × 106 conidia/chlamydospores (VC4). Subsequently, chicken fecal samples were collected at intervals of 0, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18 and 24 h. Petri dishes from fecal samples of the treated group (G2) were subdivided (G2a and G2b), and then replicated in 2% agar-water medium for the microbiological test. After VC4 growth, approximately 200 eggs of A. galli (G2a) and H. gallinarum (G2b) were added to each subgroup to evaluation of ovicidal activity. There was fungal viability after passage through chicken gastrointestinal tract and egg predation of 59.9% and 43.2% for A. galli and H. gallinarum, respectively. The present work demonstrates the ability of the fungus P. chlamydosporia to survive after passing through the gastrointestinal tract of domestic chickens, an extreme environment (low pH, enzymes, microbiota and mechanical action), and still germinate after being excreted with feces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ítalo Stoupa Vieira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Neves
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Artur Kanadani Campos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Magri Ferraz
- Laboratory of Experimental Parasitology and Biological Control, Universidade Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio Ribeiro Braga
- Laboratory of Experimental Parasitology and Biological Control, Universidade Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Jackson Victor Araújo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Effect of sodium hypochlorite onFasciola giganticaeggs and the intermediate host,Lymnaea natalensis: A scanning electron microscopy study. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtusci.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Arroyo F, Hernández JA, Cazapal-Monteiro CF, Pedreira J, Sanchís J, Romasanta Á, Sánchez-Andrade R, Paz-Silva A, Arias MS. Effect of the Filamentous Fungus Mucor circinelloides On The Development of Eggs of the Rumen Fluke Calicophoron daubneyi (Paramphistomidae). J Parasitol 2017; 103:199-206. [DOI: 10.1645/16-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Arroyo
- Parasite Control Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002-Lugo, Spain
| | - José A. Hernández
- Parasite Control Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002-Lugo, Spain
| | - Cristiana F. Cazapal-Monteiro
- Parasite Control Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002-Lugo, Spain
| | - José Pedreira
- Parasite Control Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002-Lugo, Spain
| | - Jaime Sanchís
- Parasite Control Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002-Lugo, Spain
| | - Ángel Romasanta
- Parasite Control Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002-Lugo, Spain
| | - Rita Sánchez-Andrade
- Parasite Control Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002-Lugo, Spain
| | - Adolfo Paz-Silva
- Parasite Control Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002-Lugo, Spain
| | - María S. Arias
- Parasite Control Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002-Lugo, Spain
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Braga FR, Soares FEF, Giuberti TZ, Lopes ADCG, Lacerda T, Ayupe TDH, Queiroz PV, Gouveia ADS, Pinheiro L, Araújo AL, Queiroz JH, Araújo JV. Nematocidal activity of extracellular enzymes produced by the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans on cyathostomin infective larvae. Vet Parasitol 2015; 212:214-8. [PMID: 26319197 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Duddingtonia flagrans produces chitinases, however, optimization of the production of these enzymes still needs to be explored, and its nematocidal activity should still be the subject of studies. The objective of the present study was to optimize chitinase production, and evaluate the nematocidal activity of extracellular enzymes produced by the nematophagous fungus D. flagrans on cyathostomin infective larvae. An isolate from D. flagrans (AC001) was used in this study. For the production of enzymes (protease and chitinase), two different culture media were inoculated with AC001 conidia. Both enzymes were purified. The statistical Plackett-Burman factorial design was used to investigate some variables and their effect on the production of chitinases by D. flagrans. After that, the design central composite (CCD) was used in order to determine the optimum levels and investigate the interactions of these variables previously observed. Only two variables (moisture and incubation time), in the evaluated levels, had a significant effect (p<0.05) on chitinase production. The conditions of maximum chitinase activity were calculated, with the following values: incubation time 2 days, and moisture 511%. The protease and chitinase derived from D. flagrans, individually or together (after 24h), led to a significant reduction (p<0.01) in the number of intact cyathostomin L3, when compared to the control, with following reduction percentage values: 19.4% (protease), 15.5% (chitinase), and 20.5% (protease+chitinase). Significant differences were observed (p<0.05) between the group treated with proteases in relation to the group treated with proteases+chitinases. In this study, the assay with the cyathostomins showed that chitinase had a nematocidal effect, suggesting that this enzyme acts on the "fungus versus nematodes" infection process. It is known that nematode eggs are rich in chitin, and in this case, we could think of a greater employability for this chitinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ribeiro Braga
- Department of Parasitology, University of VilaVelha-ES, VilaVelha, ES CEP: 29102206, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Zanotti Giuberti
- Department of Parasitology, University of VilaVelha-ES, VilaVelha, ES CEP: 29102206, Brazil
| | | | - Tracy Lacerda
- Department of Parasitology, University of VilaVelha-ES, VilaVelha, ES CEP: 29102206, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Viana Queiroz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Angélica de Souza Gouveia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Larissa Pinheiro
- Department of Parasitology, University of VilaVelha-ES, VilaVelha, ES CEP: 29102206, Brazil
| | - Andreia Luíza Araújo
- Department of Parasitology, University of VilaVelha-ES, VilaVelha, ES CEP: 29102206, Brazil
| | - José Humberto Queiroz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Jackson Victor Araújo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG CEP: 3657000, Brazil
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Fungi predatory activity on embryonated Toxocara canis eggs inoculated in domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) and destruction of second stage larvae. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:3301-8. [PMID: 26032943 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4553-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the infectivity of Toxocara canis eggs after interacting with isolated nematophagous fungi of the species Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) and Pochonia chlamydosporia (VC4), and test the predatory activity of the isolated AC001 on T. canis second stage larvae after 7 days of interaction. In assay A, 5000 embryonated T. canis eggs previously in contact with the AC001 and VC4 isolated for 10 days were inoculated into domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), and then these animals were necropsied to collect material (digested liver, intestine, muscles and lungs) at 3-, 7-, 14-, and 21-day intervals after inoculation. In assay A, the results demonstrated that the prior interaction of the eggs with isolated AC001 and VC4 decreases the amount of larvae found in the collected organs. Difference (p < 0.01) was observed in the medium larvae counts recovered from liver, lung, intestine, and muscle of animals in the treated groups when compared to the animals in the control group. At the end of assay A, a percentage reduction of 87.1 % (AC001) and 84.5 % (VC4) respectively was recorded. In the result of assay B, the isolated AC001 showed differences (p < 0.01) compared to the control group, with a reduction of 53.4 % in the recovery of L2. Through these results, it is justified to mention that prior interaction of embryonated T. canis eggs with the tested fungal isolates were efficient in reducing the development and migration of this parasite, in addition to the first report of proven predatory activity on L2.
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8
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Braga FR, de Freitas Soares FE, Araujo JM, da Fonseca LA, Hiura E, Garschagen Gava M, Toledo Vieira F, da Paz JS, de Carvalho LM, Faccini JV, de Queiroz JH, Araújo JV. Statistical experimental design to assess the influence of enzymes of nematophagous fungi versus helminths. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97:527-32. [PMID: 25267285 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present work used Plackett-Burman experimental design to assess the influence of enzymes of nematophagous fungi versus Strongyloides westeri and trichostrongylides larvae and Platynosomum fastosum eggs. The variables studied in the Plackett-Burman design were the proteases and chitinases of AC001 or VC4 as destructive agents of S. westeri and trichostrongylides larvae, and P. fastosum eggs. All tested enzymes had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the destruction of S. westeri larvae. Furthermore, only VC4 and AC001 proteases showed a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the destruction of trichostrongylides larvae. On the other hand, chitinases of VC4 showed the highest significance (P < 0.05) on the destruction of P. fastosum eggs. It is proposed that statistical planning for the use of enzymes derived from nematophagous fungi is a viable way to elucidate some questions about their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ribeiro Braga
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil; Universidade Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | | | - Juliana Milani Araujo
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
| | | | - Emy Hiura
- Universidade Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - João Victor Faccini
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
| | - José Humberto de Queiroz
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Jackson Victor Araújo
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-000, Brazil
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Blaszkowska J, Kurnatowski P, Wojcik A, Goralska K, Szwabe K. In vitro evaluation of the ovistatic and ovicidal effect of the cosmopolitan filamentous fungi isolated from soil on Ascaris suum eggs. Vet Parasitol 2013; 199:165-71. [PMID: 24295958 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The ovicidal activity of seven fungal strains: Acremonium alabamense, Alternaria chlamydospora, Cladosporium herbarum, Fusarium solani, Paecilomyces variotii, Paecilomyces viridis and Penicillium verruculosum isolated from urban soil samples from Poland was determined in vitro. The fungal mycelium was co-cultured with Ascaris suum eggs on plates with 2% water-agar for 28 days. Eggs exposed and unexposed (control) to fungal mycelium were observed weekly by light microscopy and the percentage of malformed eggs were determined. The eggs were classified according to following parameters: type 1 - biochemical and physiological effect without morphological damage to the eggshell; type 2 - lytic effect with morphological alteration of the eggshell and embryo; type 3 - lytic effect with morphological alteration of eggshell and embryo with hyphal penetration and internal egg colonization. All examined species of fungi extended embryogenesis, but the retardation of embryonic development was varied and depended on the species. A. alabamense, A. chlamydospora and P. verruculosum exhibited very high inhibitory activity on A. suum egg development. The fungus-exposed eggs revealed morphological alternations in all stages of embryogenesis. Isolates of F. solani, P. variotii and P. viridis showed hyphal penetration and internal colonization of A. suum eggs (type 3 effect). No appressoria were produced and simple hyphal penetrations were most commonly observed. A. alabamense and P. verruculosum demonstrated morphological destruction, with eggshell destruction. The remaining fungi showed type 1 effect. The results demonstrated that examined strains of F. solani, P. variotii and P. viridis may be considered to be potential limiting factors of parasitic geohelminth populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Blaszkowska
- Department of Diagnostics and Treatment of Parasitic Diseases and Mycoses, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
| | - Piotr Kurnatowski
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Wojcik
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Goralska
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szwabe
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
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Khan MK, Sajid MS, Riaz H, Ahmad NE, He L, Shahzad M, Hussain A, Khan MN, Iqbal Z, Zhao J. The global burden of fasciolosis in domestic animals with an outlook on the contribution of new approaches for diagnosis and control. Parasitol Res 2013; 112:2421-30. [PMID: 23728732 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3464-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fasciolosis is an economically important disease for livestock, as well as being zoonotic. Recent figures on the prevalence of this disease have caused alarm concerning its potential for an increased prevalence in the future. The prevalence of fascioliosis has been documented from different regions of the world, helping us identify areas where future research needs to be focused. This manuscript is a review of the current status of the disease, the pathogenic species involved, diagnostic techniques (with new modifications and comparative specificity, sensitivity, and rapidity of these tests), chemotherapy, and vaccination. This also encompasses inaccurate reports on vaccination and drug development as well as the latest technologies to find promising candidates for drugs and vaccines. Drugs with lower efficacy have been used on some farms which lead to exacerbation of the clinical disease, presumably due to the development of drug resistance. Future studies should be focused on (1) the use of the most reliable diagnostic tests for periodic monitoring of the disease, (2) insights of the ecobiology and transmission dynamics of the snail intermediate host and the best possible methods of their control, (3) in vitro and in vivo testing of chemotherapeutic compounds using sensitive methods, and (4) the identification of novel drug and vaccine candidates using modern molecular markers. This approach may help increase the reliability of chemotherapeutic agents and control nuisance, ultimately reducing the economic losses attributable to the livestock industry around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kasib Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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11
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Arias MS, Cazapal-Monteiro CF, Suárez J, Miguélez S, Francisco I, Arroyo FL, Suárez JL, Paz-Silva A, Sánchez-Andrade R, Mendoza de Gives P. Mixed production of filamentous fungal spores for preventing soil-transmitted helminth zoonoses: a preliminary analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:567876. [PMID: 23710451 PMCID: PMC3654621 DOI: 10.1155/2013/567876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Helminth zoonoses are parasitic infections shared by humans and animals, being the soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) mainly caused by roundworms (ascarids) and hookworms. This study was aimed to assess the individual and/or mixed production of two helminth-antagonistic fungi, one ovicide (Mucor circinelloides) and other predator (Duddingtonia flagrans). Fungi were grown both in Petri plates and in a submerged culture (composed by water, NaCl, Na2HPO4 · 12 H2O, and wheat (Triticum aestivum)). A Fasciola hepatica recombinant protein (FhrAPS) was incorporated to the cultures to improve fungal production. All the cultured plates showed fungal growth, without difference in the development of the fungi when grown alone or mixed. High counts of Mucor spores were produced in liquid media cultures, and no significant differences were achieved regarding single or mixed cultures, or the incorporation of the FhrAPS. A significantly higher production of Duddingtonia spores after the incorporation of the FhrAPS was observed. When analyzing the parasiticide efficacy of the fungal mixture, viability of T. canis eggs reduced to 51%, and the numbers of third stage cyathostomin larvae reduced to 4%. It is concluded, the capability of a fungal mixture containing an ovicide (Mucor) and a predator species (Duddingtonia) for growing together in a submerged medium containing the FhrAPS offers a very interesting tool for preventing STHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Arias
- Equine Diseases Study Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - C. F. Cazapal-Monteiro
- Equine Diseases Study Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - J. Suárez
- Equine Diseases Study Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - S. Miguélez
- Equine Diseases Study Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - I. Francisco
- Equine Diseases Study Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - F. L. Arroyo
- Equine Diseases Study Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - J. L. Suárez
- Equine Diseases Study Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - A. Paz-Silva
- Equine Diseases Study Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - R. Sánchez-Andrade
- Equine Diseases Study Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - P. Mendoza de Gives
- Equine Diseases Study Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002 Lugo, Spain
- Área de Helmintología, Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Parasitología Veterinaria, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Paseo Cuaunahuac 8534, 62550 Jiutepec, MOR, Mexico
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12
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Dias AS, Araújo JV, Braga FR, Puppin AC, Perboni WR. Pochonia chlamydosporia in the biological control of Fasciola hepatica in cattle in Southeastern Brazil. Parasitol Res 2013; 112:2131-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3372-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Al-Rofaai A, Rahman W, Sulaiman S, Yahaya Z. In vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activity of methanolic leaf extract of Manihot esculenta (cassava) on susceptible and resistant strains of Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Vet Parasitol 2012; 190:127-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Sensitivity of two in vitro assays for evaluating plant activity against the infective stage of Haemonchus contortus strains. Parasitol Res 2012; 112:893-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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