1
|
In vitro anthelmintic activity of Siparuna guianensis extract and essential oil against Strongyloides venezuelensis. J Helminthol 2019; 94:e50. [PMID: 30973122 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x19000282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
New therapeutic approaches are necessary to control strongyloidiasis due to the side effects of, and resistance to, currently available drugs thiabendazole, albendazole, and ivermectin. This study examined the anthelmintic properties of extracts and isolated compounds from Siparuna guianensis against Strongyloides venezuelensis eggs and larvae, using the egg hatching test (EHT) and larval motility test (LMT). Albendazole (0.025 mg/ml) and ivermectin (0.316 mg/ml) were used as the positive controls for the EHT and LMT assays, respectively. Strongyloides venezuelensis eggs or larvae (±50 specimens) were treated with ethanol extract (0.05-1.0 mg/ml), ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions (0.05-0.8 mg/ml), essential oil (0.2-1.0 mg/ml) and α-bisabolol (0.2-1.0 mg/ml) from S. guianensis, and analysed by optical microscopy after 48 h (EHT), or after 24, 48 and 72 h (LMT). All the tested compounds exhibited ovicidal activity equivalent to the positive control and changed the morphology of the eggs. The S. guianensis ethanol extract and aqueous fraction were as effective as the positive control. Phytochemical analysis of the ethanol extract and fractions revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, tannins and flavonoids. Therefore, S. guianensis is effective against S. venezuelensis eggs and larvae in vitro, and can be considered as a potential alternative treatment for strongyloidiasis.
Collapse
|
2
|
Cabral ERM, Moraes D, Levenhagen MA, de Matos RAF, Costa-Cruz JM, Rodrigues RM. In vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activity of Carica papaya seed hexane extract against Strongyloides venezuelensis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2019; 61:e59. [PMID: 31778389 PMCID: PMC6880996 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201961059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Strongyloidiasis is a human parasitic disease caused by the helminth Strongyloides stercoralis whose treatment is particularly difficult in immunosuppressed patients due to their low responsiveness to conventional therapy. Carica papaya and its isolated compounds benzyl isothiocyanate, carpaine and carpasemine are promising compound for the treatment of Strongyloides infections due to their anthelmintic action. This study aims to examine the in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activity of C. papaya seed hexane extract against Strongyloides venezuelensis, using egg hatching tests and larval motility tests as efficiency markers. The crude extract at the concentrations of 566 - 0.0566 mg/mL or the control with albendazole (0.025 mg/mL) and negative controls (water and PBS) were incubated with an equal volume of egg suspension (± 50 specimens) followed by counting of the specimens after 48 h. The same extract and dilutions were added to L3 larvae suspensions (±50 specimens) followed by analysis of larvae viability after 24, 48, and 72 h. The extract inhibited egg hatching with high efficiency at concentrations of 56.6 mg/mL (95.74%) and 5.66 mg/mL (92.16%). At the concentrations of 566 mg/mL (100%) and 56.66 mg/mL (97.32%), the extract inhibited larval motility as effectively as ivermectin (0.316 mg/mL; 100%), and more effectively than the other dilutions and the negative controls. The larvicidal effect depended on the extract concentration, but not on the treatment period. Therefore, C. papaya seed hexane extract has anthelmintic potential against S. venezuelensis and is a promising compound for the development of phytotherapies to treat strongyloidiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Ramos Martins Cabral
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Regional Jataí, Unidade Acadêmica
Especial de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Parasitologia, Jataí, Goiás,
Brazil
| | - Dayane Moraes
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Regional Jataí, Unidade Acadêmica
Especial de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Parasitologia, Jataí, Goiás,
Brazil
| | - Marcelo Arantes Levenhagen
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Ciências
Biomédicas, Departamento de Imunologia, Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Uberlândia,
Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Julia Maria Costa-Cruz
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Ciências
Biomédicas, Departamento de Imunologia, Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Uberlândia,
Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Maria Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Regional Jataí, Unidade Acadêmica
Especial de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Parasitologia, Jataí, Goiás,
Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Anthelmintic efficacy of hydro-methanolic extracts of Larrea tridentata against larvae of Haemonchus contortus. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 50:1099-1105. [PMID: 29427244 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1535-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An in vitro study was conducted to determine the anthelminthic activity of hydro-methanolic extracts of Larrea tridentata on sheathed and exsheathed larvae of Haemonchus contortus. Larvae of the parasite were incubated at 20-25 °C in hydro-methanolic extracts at concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/mL for 24, 48, or 72 h. Ivermectin and water were the positive and negative controls, respectively. Total phenolic compounds of leaves of L. tridentata were 97.88 ± 10.45 mg/g of dry matter. Other compounds detected in this shrub by HPLC-mass spectrometry were sesamin, galocatechin, peonidin 3-O rutinoside, methyl galangin, epigallocatechin 7-O-glucuronide, and epigalocatechin. Mortality rate of sheathed and exsheathed H. contortus was low (16-34%) with doses ≤ 100 mg/mL of the extracts. At 200 mg/ml, the hydro-methanolic extracts of L. tridentata killed 32.1 and 68.4% of sheathed and exsheathed larvae, respectively, regardless of incubation time. The effective concentration of the L. tridentata extract for 50% larvae mortality (EC50) after 24 h of incubation was 36 mg/mL (CI = 6-94). Microscopic observations revealed damage to the cuticle of this parasite exposed to extracts of L. tridentata. These in vitro results provided evidence that L. tridentata extracts possess anti-Haemonchus contortus properties, particularly during the exsheathed stage of this nematode. It would be necessary to assess the safety of this shrub in vivo and also to carry out in vivo efficacy studies.
Collapse
|
4
|
Moraes D, Levenhagen MA, Costa-Cruz JM, Costa APD, Rodrigues RM. In vitro efficacy of latex and purified papain from Carica papaya against Strongyloides venezuelensis eggs and larvae. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2017; 59:e7. [PMID: 28380118 PMCID: PMC5441158 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201759007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Latex from Carica papaya is rich in bioactive compounds, especially papain, which may help to control parasitic diseases. This study evaluated the efficacy of latex from C. papaya and purified papain against Strongyloides venezuelensis. The Egg Hatching Test (EHT) and the Larval Motility Test (LMT) using fresh and frozen latex (250mg/mL), lyophilized latex (34mg/mL), and purified papain (2.8 mg/mL) were performed. Albendazole (0.025 mg/mL) and ivermectin (316 ppm) were used as positive controls. EHT and LMT were carried out through the incubation of each solution with S. venezuelensis eggs or larvae (± 100 specimens), and results were analyzed after 48h (EHT) or 24, 48, and 72h (LMT). EHT showed that latex preparations at higher concentrations (1:10 to 1:100) resulted in partial or complete destruction of eggs and larvae inside the eggs. The result from the 1:1,000 dilution was similar to the positive control. LMT showed effectiveness in all the tested dilutions compared to negative controls. Purified papain showed a dose-dependent response in the EHT. Purified papain (2.8 mg/ mL) showed similar results to lyophilized latex at 1:1,000 in the EHT. Latex and purified papain from C. papaya were effective against S. venezuelensis eggs and larvae in vitro, suggesting their potential use as an alternative treatment for strongyloidiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayane Moraes
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Laboratório de Parasitologia, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Arantes Levenhagen
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Imunologia, Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Julia Maria Costa-Cruz
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Imunologia, Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Morsy K, Bashtar AR, Al Quraishy S, Adel S. Description of two equine nematodes, Parascaris equorum Goeze 1782 and Habronema microstoma Schneider 1866 from the domestic horse Equus ferus caballus (Famisly: Equidae) in Egypt. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:4299-4306. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
6
|
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus is an important pathogen of small ruminants and is therefore a crucially important target for anthelmintic chemotherapy. Its large size and fecundity have been exploited for the development of in vitro screens for anthelmintic discovery that employ larval and adult stages in several formats. The ability of the parasite to develop to the young adult stage in Mongolian jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) provides a useful small animal model that can be used to screen compounds prior to their evaluation in infected sheep. This chapter summarizes the use of H. contortus for anthelmintic discovery, offers a perspective on current strategies in this area and suggests research challenges that could lead to improvements in the anthelmintic discovery process.
Collapse
|
7
|
Efficacy of Clonostachys rosea and Duddingtonia flagrans in Reducing the Haemonchus contortus Infective Larvae. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:474879. [PMID: 26504809 PMCID: PMC4609367 DOI: 10.1155/2015/474879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The biocontrol is proven effective in reducing in vitro and in situ free-living stages of major gastrointestinal helminths, allowing progress in reducing losses by parasitism, maximizing production, and productivity. This study aimed at evaluating the predatory activity of fungal isolates of Duddingtonia flagrans and Clonostachys rosea species and its association on infective larvae (L3) of H. contortus in microplots formed by grasses and maintained in a protected environment. All groups were added with 10 mL of an aqueous suspension with 618 H. contortus L3 approximately. Group 1 was used as control and only received the infective larvae. Groups 2 and 3 received D. flagrans chlamydospores and C. rosea conidia at doses of 5 × 106. Group 4 received the combination of 5 × 106 D. flagrans chlamydospores + 5 × 106 C. rosea conidia. D. flagrans and C. rosea showed nematicidal effectiveness reducing by 91.5 and 88.9%, respectively, the population of H. contortus L3. However, when used in combination efficiency decreased to 74.5% predation of H. contortus L3. These results demonstrate the need for further studies to determine the existence of additive effects, synergistic or antagonistic, between these species.
Collapse
|
8
|
Morsy K, Bashtar AR, Fol M, Yehia S. Haemonchus longistipes Railliet & Henry, 1909 (Nematoda, Trichostrongylidae) from the Egyptian dromedary, Camelus dromedarius (Artiodactyla: Camelidae), first identification on the basis of light and ultrastructural data. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:4579-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
9
|
Soro D, Koné WM, Bonfoh B, Dro B, Toily KB, Kamanzi K. In vivo anthelmintic activity of Anogeissus leiocarpus Guill & Perr (Combretaceae) against nematodes in naturally infected sheep. Parasitol Res 2013; 112:2681-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3435-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|